phê bình song ngữ ngắn hiến pháp 2013 của việt nam

5/20/2018 Ph bnh song ng Ng n Hi n Php 2013 cua Vi t Nam

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Ph bnh song ng Ngn

Hin Php 2013 ca Vit Nam

THE PEOPLES FORCE TO SAVE VIETNAM

L C L NG D N T C C U NGUY T QUC

(Zuc) Tang Duc Dao


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Lut S o Tng DcLut S o Tng DcLut S o Tng Dc

Song ngngn

of the 2013 Vietnamese Constitution

LC LNG DN TC CU NGUY T QUC

The Peoples Force to Save Vietnam

Pht hnh 2014


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1

A Short Bi-Lingual Critiqueof the 2013 Vietnamese Constitution

(Together with an English translation of the complete constitution)

(Zuc) Tang Duc Dao, Solicitor

Ph bnh song ng NgnHin Php 2013 ca Vit Nam

(Cng bn dch Anh Ng ton b hin php)Lut S o Tng Dc

(c) Copyright Dao, Tang Duc 2014All rights reserved. However, subject to giving due recognition to particulars of author and

publication (such as name of author, edition and publisher), the author consents to the use,

publication and dissemination by all interested parties, by any means including in print or

electronically of this book, without any restrictions and without any financial obligations to the

author and publisher.

(c) Bn Quyn o Tng Dc 2014

Tc gi gi tan b bnquyn. Tuy nhin, vi iu kin phi cng nhn v ghi r chi tit v tcgi v xut bn (nh tn h tc gi, n bn v ngi xut bn) tc gi ng mi s s dng,xut bn v ph bin do nhng thnh phn quan tm, bng mi phng tin, k c in n hocin t, cun sch ny, khng gii hn, v khng b rng buc bi nhng trch nhim ti chnhi vi tc gi v ngi xut bn.

National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication data:

o Tng Dc

Bibliography

IBSN 978-0-9872880-3-5

1.

Constitutional law- Vietnam 2. Pluralism (Social sciences)Vietnam.

2. Rule of law- Vietnam 4. Democracy- Vietnam. I. Title


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2

Gii thiu:

Vit Nam khi u th k 21. Nhngquc gia ln cn, nht l nhng quc giacng mt di sn vn ha nh Nam Hn,

Nht Bn, iLoan hoc Singapore thcs vt tin v kinh t v chin thng cti, thc dn v s ngho kh tt cng.

Th m Vit Nam vn m chm di scnng ca s bn hn, tham nhng v mt

ch chnh tr b bt lm con tin cho mt thc h cng sn vn b nhn loi vnminh vt vo st rc.

Ngi Vit l mt dn tc thng minh, nhmt phn c chng minh qua thnh quca cc hc sinh hi ngoi khi cnh tranhtrn trng quc t, v qua s thnh cngvt bc ca cng ng hi ngoi khp nitrn th gii. Tuy nhin cng ng dn tcti qu nh li b ln bi sau nhiu thp nindi s cai tr sai lm ca ng CSVN.

Nhn ng CSVN va ban hnh bn HinPhp 2013, c tu chnh t Hin Php1992, Lc Lng Dn Tc Cu Nguy TQuc yu cu LutS o Tng Dc ti

c i Li thc hin bn ph bnh phn tchHin Php ny nh mt phn ca mt chindch ph huynthoi v ho quang quynlc v tnh chnh ng m CSVN xydng cho mnh qua nhiu thp nin nhi s

Preface:

Vietnam is well into the twenty first century.Other nations in its neighborhood, especially

those with the same cultural heritage such as

South Korea, Japan, Taiwan or Singapore hav

truly surged ahead economically and have

triumphed over dictatorships, colonialism and

abject poverty. Yet Vietnam as a nation still

lingers under the weight of poverty, corruptio

and a political regime hostage to a communist

ideology that has been discarded by the rest o

civilized humanity.

The Vietnamese people are an intelligent

people, as evidenced in part by the

performance of its overseas students, in

international competitions, and by the

outstanding success of its Diaspora all over th

world. But the national community at homehas been retarded by decades of misrule by th

Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV).

On the occasion of the promulgation of the

2013 Constitution, an amended version of the

1992 Constitution, by the CPV, the PeoplesForce to Save Vietnam has commissioned

(Zuc) Tang Duc Dao, an Australian lawyer, to

undertake a critical analysis of this new

constitution as part of a campaign to demystif

the aura of power and legitimacy the CPV has

built around it through decades of political

indoctrination and propaganda. This work has


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v tuyn truyn. Cng tc ny c chia lm3 giai on:

1.

Mt bn chuyn dch Anh Ng tonb hin php. Bn dch ny cn cphn bit vi bn dch ca VinQucT v Chuyn i Dn Ch v BuC (IDEA) v bn dch do Quc HiVit Nam xut bn, c ng ti trncc trang mng lin h.

2. Mt ph bnh song ng ngn bn Hin

Php 2013 ch trng mt s imthen cht, trong khi ch i mt bn

phn tch y ang c tc gison tho.

3. Sau l mt bn phn tch song ngy nh cp trn.

Lc Lng tin tngrng, s ha gii

huyn thoi v ng CSVN v phi byHin Php 2013 nh l mt cng c cng cc ti khng hn khng km, cho c cngng Vit Nam ln cng ng quc t, sgpphn tch cc vo tin trnh chuyn hadn ch ti Vit Nam.

Lc Lng Dn Tc Cu Nguy T Quc

been sub-divided into 3 stages:

1.

An authentic translation into English ofthe complete constitution. This version

is to be distinguished from the version

published by the International Institute

for Democratic and Electoral Change

(IDEA) and from the version published

by the Vietnamese National Assembly,

on their respective websites.

2.

A short bi-lingual critique of the 2013Constitution focusing on a few key

points, pending a more comprehensive

analysis being undertaken by the autho

3. A comprehensive bi-lingual analysis to

follow as mentioned above.

The Peoples Force to Save Vietnam is

convinced that the demystification of the CPVand exposure of the 2013 Constitution as no

more and no less than an instrument to

consolidate dictatorship, to both the

Vietnamese and international communities,

will make a positive contribution to the proce

of democratic change in Vietnam.

The Peoples Force to Save Vietnam


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4

Hin Php Vit Nam Nm 2013

S kin 28 Thng 11, 2013

l mt ngy lch s i vi dn tc VitNam v nhng l do t hi. Quc Hi VitNam, vi gn 100% i biu l ng vinng CSVN (ng) thng qua Hin Php2013, m khng c nhng ci thin v nhnquyn v dn ch, em li nim tht vngcho nhn dn ca quc gia bt hnh ny. as tn thnh hin php mi c tnh p o

n mc khi hi v bin nim dn chchn chnh thnh mt tr h: 486 trn 488i biu tn thnh.

Theo tin trnh quy nh, Hin Php 2013bt u c hiu lc t ngy 1 thng Ging2014, Dng Lch.

Phn tch cc im then cht ca Hin

Php 2013.

Khi ng CSVN cng khai ru rao nh tuchnh hin php 1992 vi mc tiu i mithm, nht l khi Ch Tch Quc Hi

Nguyn Sinh Hng minh th tuyn b rngtt c mi thnh phn x hi s c thamkho kin, nhiu ngi hy vng s cnhng ci tin v dn ch. Tuy nhin nim

hy vng b dp tt khng thng tic.

Vietnams 2013 constitution

What happened on 28/11/13.

It was a historic day for Vietnam for all the

wrong reasons. The Vietnamese National

Assembly, with close to 100% of deputies

being members of the Communist Party of

Vietnam (CPV) approved the 2013

constitution, with no improvement on human

rights and democracy and to the

disappointment of the people of this

unfortunate nation. The majority approving thnew constitution was so overwhelming it

became ridiculous and made a mockery of tru

democracy: 486 over 488 deputies approved.

The 2013 constitution is scheduled to take

effect from 1 January 2014.

Analysis of key points of the 2013

constitution:

When the CPV announced its intention to

amend the 1992 constitution with a view to

promote further changes, especially when the

National Assembly President Nguyen Sinh

Hung made it clear that the people as well as

all sections of society would be consulted,

there were high hopes that democratic change

would occur. However, these hopes were

cruelly dashed.


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I. Quyn Lc Tuyt i, vnh vin v

v iukin cho ng CSVN:

ng quyt nh khng nhng duy tr mcn cng c h thng c ng qua vic tihin nh ha tinh thn ca iu 4 hin phpc nh sau:

iu 4

1. ng Cng sn Vit Nam- i tinphong ca giai cp cng nhn, ng thi li tin phong caNhn dn lao ng vca dn tc Vit Nam, i biu trung thnhli ch ca giai cp cng nhn,Nhn dn laong v ca c dn tc, ly ch ngha Mc Lnin v t tng H Ch Minh lm nntng t tngl lc lng lnh o Nhnc v x hi.

Qua tc ng hin nh ha iu 4 trong

Hin Php hu tip tc nm gi quyn lcchnh tr min trng vnh vin v v iukin, ng CSVN l nguyn hnh l hinthn ca nhng ch c ti tn bo nhtca nhn loi ng i.

Quan im ny cngc cng c thm nuchng ta duyt li ngun gc tht s caiu 4 hin php:

Vo ngy 14 thng 7 nm 1933 nh c tiHitler cng b b lut ngy 26 thng 5 nm1933. iu khon lin h c vit nh sau:

ng Quc Gia Lao ng c (tc ng

I.

Absolute, eternal and unconditionalpower to the CPV:

The CPV has chosen to retain and indeedconsolidate the current one party system

through the re-enactment of the essence of

article 4 as follows:

Article 4:

The Communist Party of Vietnam- the

vanguard of the proletariat, as well as the

vanguard of the working people and of the

whole nation, the faithful representative of the

interests of the proletariat, working people an

the whole nation, adopting Marxism-Leninism

and the thoughts of Ho Chi Minh as foundatio

of thoughts, is the force leading the state ansociety (emphasis ours).

By making sure that the constitution, through

article 4, continues to provide for it to be inpolitical power for eternity and

unconditionally, the CPV reveals itself as the

re-incarnation of the most brutal dictatorships

the modern world has ever known.

This perception is reinforced if we review the

true history of article 4:

On 14 July 1933 Hitler proclaimed the law of26 May 1933. The relevant section of the law

reads:

The German Nationalist Workers Party (TheNazi Party) constitutes the only political party


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Quc X)l ng chnh tr duy nht caquc gia c. Bt c k no nui dng cutrc t chc mt chnh ng khc, hoc

thnh lp mt chnh ng mi, s b n khsai cho n 3 nm hoc b t t 6 thng n3 nm, tr khi hnh vi ny c th b nhnghnh pht nng hn do nhng lut khc

Theo Hitler th Tt c cc ng chnh tru b hy dit. y l mt bin c c tnhlch s m nhng hu qu cha o lngcng (Quc X) tr thnh ngngha vi nh nc v mi quyn lc thucv nh nc.

Sau 3 nm, hnh ng to bo ny caHitler tm c s ng cm ni mt nhc ti khc ca Lin X. Tht vy nm1936, Stalin bt chc v hin nh hatrong Hin Php 1936 ca Lin Bang X

Vit mt iu khon tng t nh lut caHitler, tc iu 126 ca Hin Php Stalin.iu 126 vit nh sau:

ng CSLX l: i tin phong ca giai cplao ng trong cng cuc u tranh cng cv pht trin h thng x hi ch ngha v lct li lnh o ca mi t chc nhn dnlao ng, bao gm qun chng v nh nc

iu khon ny ca hin php c Stalins dng tiu dit tt c nhng ng phikhc.

Vo nm 1977, iu 126 c thay th bi

of Germany. Whoever nurtures the

organizational structure of another political

party, or establishes a new political party, wil

be subject to penal punishment up to threeyears or imprisoned from 6 months to 3 years

unless such conduct is subject to other more

severe penalties by other laws

According to Hitler, All political parties areabolished. This is a historic event the

consequences of which are still unknown...the

Party has become synonymous with

government and all powers to the

government.

Three years later, this daring act by Hitler

found resonance in another dictator of the

Soviet Union. Thus in 1936, Stalin enshrined

the equivalent of Hitlers law into the SovietConstitution of 1936 (the Stalin Constitution)

via article 126 which reads:

The Communist Party of the Soviet Union

(CPSV) is "the vanguard of the working peop

in their struggle to strengthen and develop the

socialist system and is the leading core(emphasis ours) of all organizations of the

working people, both public and state."

This article was used by Stalin to ban all other

political parties.

In 1977, article 126 was replaced by article 6


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iu 6 c vit nh sau:

ng CSLX l:

Lc lng lnh o v hng dn ca xhi Lin X v ct li ca h thng chnhtr, ca tt c mi t chc nh nc vqun chng, l ng CSLX. ng CSLXhin hu v dn v phc v nhn dn. ngCS, trang b bng ch thuyt Mc L quytnh hng tin ca pht trin x hi v nhhng cc chnh sch i ni ln i ngoi

ca Lin Bang X Vit, iu hnh nhngcng tc xy dng v i ca nhn dn LinX, v tim nhp mt yu tnh k hoch, hthng v thc cht l thuyt, vo cng cucu tranh em li chin thng cho Cng SnCh Ngha.

Tt c mi t chc ng hot ng trongkhun kh ca Hin Php Lin Bang X

Vit

Chnh v th, khi chng ta duyt xt iu4 ca Hin Php 2013, chng ta nhnthc r rt nh hng ca c Hitler lnStalin.

i vi mt chnh quyn minh th l k thak di sn ca c Hitler v Stalin, th vic

c bu vo Hi ng Nhn Quyn caLin Hip Quc l mt s nhc cho cc nim dn ch v tnh thin ca nhn loi.

Chng ti kin ngh rng Quc Hi Hoa

which reads:

The CPSU is defined as:

The leading and guiding force (emphasisours)of the Soviet society and the nucleus ofits political system, of all state organizations

and public organizations, is the Communist

Party of the Soviet Union. The CPSU exists fo

the people and serves the people. The

Communist Party, armed with Marxism-

Leninism, determines the general perspectives

of the development of society and the course the home and foreign policy of the USSR,

directs the great constructive work of the

Soviet people, and imparts a planned,

systematic and theoretically substantiated

character to their struggle for the victory of

communism.

All party organizations shall function within

the framework of the Constitution of the

USSR.

Thus when we look at article 4 of the 2013constitution of Vietnam, we can clearly seein it the influence of both Hitler and Stalin

For a government that is clearly the heir to the

legacies of both Hitler and Stalin, to be electe

to the Human Rights Council of the UnitedNations, makes a mockery of democracy and

human decency.

We submit that Vietnams standing on


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K v nhng nh ch chnh tr tng tti cc quc gia dn ch khc, cn duytxt li tiu chun tn trng nhn quyn

ca (nh nc Cng Sn) Vit nam, trongmc tiu c nhng bin php i phthch ng v c th.

II.Vit Nam khng th tim danh tiu

chun kinh t th trng:

Vit Nam, di s lnh o ca ngCSVN, c php gia nhp nhiu nn kinh

t th trng nh th trng Hoa K, thtrng Lin Hip u Chu v nhiu t chcmu dch quc t nh WTO, APEC

Tuy nhin, Hin Php 2013, mt ln nachng minh rng ng CSVN khng h c nh vo sn chi mt cch lng thin quacc quy lut quc t.

iu 51 ti xc nh r rt:Nn kinh t Vit Nam l nn kinh t thtrng nh hng x hi ch ngha vinhiu hnh thc s hu, nhiu thnh phnkinh t; kinh t nh nc gi vai tr cho.

iu khon trn ca Hin Php em li hu

qu tt nhin l kinh t quc doanh s thnglnh th trng, bt chp nhng thiu hiunng, tham nhng v lng ph m ngay c

bo ch quc doanh cng phi ln ting kuca.

human rights should be given renewedscrutiny by the US Congress and equivalenpolitical institutions in other democratic

nations with a view to take appropriate andconcrete corrective action.

II.

Vietnam cannot lay claim to the statuof market economy:

Vietnam, under CPV control, has been grante

access to various free market economies such

as the USA market, the European Unionmarket and various international trade

organizations such as WTO, APEC...

However, the 2013 constitution, once again

makes it very clear that the CPV has no

intention of playing honestly by international

rules.

Article 51 clearly reiterates:

Vietnams economy is a market economywith socialist orientations, with many forms oownership, many economic sectors: stateownership plays the leading role.(Emphasis ours)

The above provision ensures that the economi

sector, under government ownership, plays th

leading role in the economy, despite the

inefficiencies, corruption and waste loudly

decried even in tightly controlled state media.

The CPV is acutely aware that political power


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ng CSVN thc su sc rng quyn lcchnh tr t n khng th tuyt i, tr khih c kh nng bin th cng qu. Chnh v

th, qua cc doanh nghip nh nc, h cth chuyn ti chnh ca cng vo nhngdoanh nghip t nhn do nhng ng vinCSVN cao cp lm ch.

Qua mu dch vi Hoa K, Vit Nam thngd hng nm trn $13 t m kim. S tinny c th c bin th vo tay cc ngvin cao cp, lm cho chnh h hoc b conhoc con chu h tr thnh nhng triu phsng cuc sng vng gi ti Vit Nam vhingoi.

nh hng x hi ch ngha c cng cthm bi iu 53 ca hin php.

iu 53 vit:

t ai, ti nguyn nc, ti nguynkhong sn, ngun li vng bin, vngtri, ti nguyn thin nhin khc v cc tisn do Nh nc u t, qun l l ti sncng thuc s hu ton dn do Nh nc idin ch s hu v thng nht qun l.

H ly ca iu 53 tht bao trm. Mt cchtng qut, iu 53 gi nh l tt c mi ti

sn thuc v nhn dn. Tuy nhin bi vnhn dn mt cch tng qut ch l mt nim tru tng, ngi qun l (dm chonhn dn) l nh nc v trong tnh hung, nh nc tr thnh ch nhn tht s vi

alone cannot be absolute, unless they can

siphon funds from the public coffers. Thus,

through government controlled businesses,

they can transfer public funds into privatebusiness entities owned by high ranking

members of the CPV.

Through trade with the USA, Vietnam ran int

huge surpluses exceeding $US13 billion per

year. This money could be easily siphoned int

the hands of high ranking members of the

CPV, making many of them or their relativesor off-springs into millionaires living lavish

lives both in Vietnam and overseas.

The socialist orientation of the economy is

further consolidated by article 53.

Indeed Article 53 reads:

Land, water resources, mineral resources,

marine resources, airspace resources, othernatural resources and wealth invested andmanaged by the state are common properties

belonging to the whole people, managed by thstate representing the owners and uniformlymanaged by the state.

The implications of article 53 are all-

encompassing. It sweepingly dictates that all

properties belong to the people. Since thepeople as a whole is only an abstraction, the

manager (on behalf of the people) is the

government and the government becomes the

real owner with actual power. Thus through


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tt c mi quyn lc thc t. Do qua iu53, ng CSVN, trn thc t l nh nctrng cu nh vo iu 4 hin php, kim

sot mi ti nguyn quc gia.

Chng ti kin ngh rng tiu chun kinht th trng ca Vit Nam cn phi cti duyt xt hu Quc Hi Hoa K vnhng nh ch chnh tr tng t ti ccquc gia dn ch khc, c th rt li scng nhn ca mnh v hnh php HoaK v nhng chnh quyn dn ch khcc nhng bin php thch ng chnhn.

III. S ti thng ca hin php nh

l cn bn ca mi nn dn ch:

ng CSVN ng trn c hin php v ngngoi vng kim ta ca mi lut php qucgia:

Tht vy, nh l mt quc gia, Hoa K trthnh lnh o ca th gii dn ch v HoaK ch trng tn trng v tr ti thng cahin php.

Vo nm 1803, chnh n Ti Cao Php VinHoa K Marshall, trong phin x lng danhMarbury v. Madison phn nh sau:

Nh th, vn t ca Hin Php Hoa K xcnh v cng c cho nguyn tc, coi nh lctli ca tt c mi hin php thnh vn, l

bt c mt lut php no ngc li vi Hin

article 53, the CPV which is in effect the

government in perpetuity thanks to article 4,

controls all resources.

We submit that Vietnams status as amarket economy be reviewed with a viewfor the US Congress and equivalent politicainstitutions in other democratic nations towithdraw recognition and for the USGovernment and other democraticgovernments to take appropriate correctivemeasures.

III.

Constitutional supremacy as thebasis of all democracies:

The CPV stands above the constitution and

completely beyond the reach of the laws of th

land:

Indeed, as a nation, America has become the

leader of the democratic world because it has

championed constitutional supremacy.

In 1803, Chief Justice Marshall of the Suprem

Court of the US, in the famous case of

Marbury v. Madison made the following

ruling:

Thus, the particular phraseology of theConstitution of the United States confirms and

strengthens the principle, supposed to be

essential to all written constitutions, that a law


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Php l v hiu lc, v cc ta n, cng nhcc b ngnh, u b rng buc bi phngtin ny

T khi , quy lut ny p dng cho tt cmi nn dn ch tn tin.

Mun iu ny xy ra, nguyn tc phnquyn ca Montesquieu cn c hin nhha trong hin php. Quyn hnh php,quyn lp php v quyn t php phi clp vi nhau. Thm vo , quan im tnh

ti thng ca hin php cn phi quy nhr rt, cng nh phi quy nh s hin huca mt nh ch c thm quyn quyt nhrng mt sc lut hay mt tc ng ca hnh

php, c hp hin hay khng.

iu ny khng xy ra trong bn hinphp 2013 do ng CSVN vit ln.

ng CSVN c nhng bin php sau y ph hoi tnh ti thng ca hin php:

Trc ht, qua iu 4 hin php, ng spxp chc chn khng c i lp no c

bu vo Quc Hi hoc c cu nh nc vng kim sot tuyt i c 3 ngnh cachnh quyn.

Th hai, ng khng cho php tronghinphp s hin din ca quan im phnquyn gia cc nghnh trong nh nc.

Th ba, Ta n Ti Cao Nhn Dn khngc thm quyn phn xt v tnh hp hin hay

repugnant to the Constitution is void, and that

courts, as well as other departments, are boun

by that instrument.

Since then, this rule applies to all modern

democracies.

For this to happen, Montesquieus principle oseparation of powers must be enshrined in the

constitution. The executive power, the

legislative power and the judicial power shall

be independent of each other. In addition, the

concept of supremacy of the constitution musbe clearly provided for as well as the provisio

of an institution to decide on whether a law or

an act of the executive may or may not be

constitutional.

That is not the case with the 2013 constitution

as engineered by the CPV.

The CPV has taken the following steps tothwart constitutional supremacy:

First through article 4, it makes sure that there

are no oppositions ever to be elected to

National Assembly or any government bodies

and it controls absolutely all three branches of

government.

Second, it makes sure that there are noprovisions for separation of powers between

branches of government.

Third, the Peoples Supreme Court has nojurisdiction over the constitutionality of laws


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vi hin ca ca cc sc lut hoc tc ngca hnh php.

Th t, hu nh khng c iu khonnotrong hin php r rt quy nh mt thc thno c trch nhim ring bit quyt nh vtnh hp hin hoc vi hin ca mt sc luthoc tc ng ca hnh php.

Ch c cc iu khon sau y lin h tnhiu n Tnh hp hin hay vi hin:

iu 70:Quc hi c nhng nhim v v quyn hnsau y:

1. Lm Hin php v sa i Hin php; lmlut v sa i lut;

11. Bi b vn bn ca Ch tch nc, Uban thng v Quc hi, Chnh ph, Th

tng Chnh ph, To n nhn dn ti cao,Vin kim st nhn dn ti cao tri viHin php, lut, ngh quyt ca Quchi;

iu 74

U ban thng v Quc hi c nhngnhim v v quyn hn sau y:1. T chc vic chun b, triu tp v ch trk hp Quc hi;2.Ra php lnh v nhng vn c Quchi giao;gii thch Hin php, lut, php

or acts of the executive.

Fourth, there appears to be no provisions in th

constitution which clearly provides for anentity to be charged with the exclusive

responsibility of deciding on the

constitutionality or otherwise of a law or an a

of the executive.

Only the following articles of theconstitution mention something touching oconstitutionality:

Article 70:

The National Assembly has the followingresponsibilities and powers:

1. To enact the constitution and amend theconstitution; to legislate and amend laws;

11. To abolish documents by the state

president, the National Assembly Standing

Committee, executive government, primeminister of the executive government, PeopleSupreme Court, Peoples Supreme Procuracywhich are contrary to the constitution, lawsand resolutions of The NationalAssembly.(Emphasis ours)

Article 74:

The Standing Committee of the NationalAssembly has the following responsibilitiesand powers:1.To organize the preparation, convening andchairing of sessions of the National Assembly2.To make regulations relative to issues


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lnh;

3.Gim st vic thi hnh Hin php, lut,ngh quyt ca Quc hi, php lnh, nghquyt ca U ban thng v Quc hi; gimst hot ng ca Chnh ph, Ta n nhndn ti cao, Vin kim st nhn dn ti cao,Kim ton Nh nc v c quan khc doQuc hi thnh lp;

4. nh ch vic thi hnh vn bn ca Chnhph, Th tng Chnh ph, To n nhn dnti cao, Vin kim st nhn dn ti cao trivi Hin php, lut, ngh quyt ca Quchi v trnh Quc hi quyt nh vic bib vn bn ti k hp gn nht; bi bvn bn ca Chnh ph, Th tng Chnh

ph, To n nhn dn ti cao, Vin kim stnhn dn ti cao tri vi php lnh, ngh

quyt ca U ban thng v Quc hi;

iu 98

Th tng Chnh ph do Quc hi bu

trong s cc i biu Quc hi.Th tng Chnh ph c nhng nhim v,quyn hn sau y:

provided by the National Assembly; tointerpret the Constitution, laws, regulation(Emphasis ours);

3.To supervise the implementation of theConstitution, laws, resolutions of the NationalAssembly, regulations, resolutions of theStanding Committee of the National Assemblto supervise activities of the ExecutiveGovernment, the Supreme Peoples Court, theSupreme Peoples Procuracy, the State AuditOffice and other organs established by the

National Assembly;

4.To cease the implementation of documents the Executive Government, Prime Minister ofthe Executive Government, Peoples SupremeCourt, Peoples Supreme Procuracy, which arcontrary to the constitution, laws,resolutions of the National Assembly andreport to the National Assembly its decisionto abolish such documents at the nearestsession(Emphasis ours); to abolish

documents of the executive government, primminister of the executive government, PeopleSupreme Court, Peoples Supreme Procuracywhich are contrary to regulations, resolutionsof the National Assembly StandingCommittee;

Article 98:

The prime minister of the executive

government is elected by The NationalAssembly from among deputies of TheNational Assembly.The prime minister of the executivegovernment has the following responsibilitiesand powers:


17/84

14

1. Lnh o cng tc ca Chnh ph; lnho vic xy dng chnh sch v t chc thihnh php lut;

4. nh ch vic thi hnh hoc bi b vnbn ca B trng, Th trng c quanngang b, y ban nhn dn, Ch tch y

ban nhn dn tnh, thnh ph trc thuctrung ng tri vi Hin php, lut v vnbn ca c quan nh nc cp trn; nhch vic thi hnh ngh quyt ca Hi ngnhn dn tnh, thnh ph trc thuctrung ng tri vi Hin php, lut vvn bn ca c quan nh nc cp trn,ng thi ngh y ban thng v Quchi bi b;

iu 1191. Hin php l lut c bn ca nc Cngho x hi ch ngha Vit Nam, c hiu lc

php l cao nht.Mi vn bn php lutkhc phi ph hp vi Hin php.Mi hnhvi vi phm Hin php u b x l.2. Quc hi, cc c quan ca Quc hi, Chtch nc, Chnh ph, Ta n nhn dn,Vin kim st nhn dn, cc c quan khcca Nh nc v ton thNhn dn c trch

nhim bo v Hin php. C ch bo vHin php do lut nh.

1.To lead the works of the executivegovernment; to lead in the formulation of

policies and to organize the implementation o

laws;4.To cease the implementation of or to abolishwritten documents by ministers, assistantministers, heads of organs equivalent to adepartment, peoples committee, chairpersonof the peoples committees of provinces, citieunder direct central control, which arecontrary to the constitution, laws, andwritten documents of higher governmentorgans; to cease the implementation of

resolutions by peoples councils ofprovinces, cities under direct centralcontrol, which are contrary to theconstitution, laws, and written documents ohigher government organs, at the same timto submit to the Standing Committee of ThNational Assembly to abolish suchresolutions.(Emphasis ours)

Article 1191. The constitution is the fundamental law ofthe Socialist Republic of Vietnam, has thehighest legal effect. All other legal documentsmust accord with the constitution. Allconducts violating the constitution shall bedealt with.(Emphasis ours)2. The National Assembly, organs of The

National Assembly, the State President,Executive Government, Peoples courts,

Peoples inspectorates, other state organs andthe whole people have the responsibility to

protect the constitution. The institution toprotect the constitution is provided bylaw.(Emphasis ours)


18/84

15

Khi c cc iu 70, 74 v 98 chung vinhau, th hu nh c 3 nh ch chia xquyn gii thch tnh hp hin hoc vi hin

ca cc sc lut hoc tc ng ca hnhphp. l Quc Hi, y Ban Thng VQuc Hi v Th Tng. Khi chia x trchnhim quan trng ny th c v nh y BanThng V Quc Hi, qua on 2 iu 74,c nhiu quyn lc hn. Tuy nhin iu nykhng th khng nh quyn lc khng chiax ca y Ban Thng V v nhng vn

lin h n tnh hp hin hay vi hin.

D nhin tnh trng ny khng tha ng vkhng c nh ch no nu trn thc s clp i vi nhng sc lut v tc ng cahnh php. Thm vo , khng c nh chno c giao trch nhimr rt, v nhth, ng CSVN, nh l c quan quyn lcti thng theo iu 4, s c ting ni quyt

nh.

Tnh trng cng hn lonhn, khi iu 119quy nh r rt:

C ch bo v hin php do lut nh.

iu ny m ra kh nng l mt nh chno khc, ngoi Quc Hi, y Ban ThngV Quc Hi v th tng, trong tng lai,c th c khai sinh, vi quyn hn giithch tnh hp hin hay vi hin ca cc sclut v tc ng ca hnh php.

When reading articles 70, 74 and 98 together,

it appears that three institutions share the

powers to interpret the constitutionality or

otherwise of laws or acts of the executive: ThNational Assembly, the National Assembly

Standing Committee and the prime minister. I

sharing this important responsibility, it may b

that the National Assembly Standing

Committee, through section 2 of article 74 ma

hold greatest power. But this cannot confirm

the exclusive power of the Standing

Committee on matters of constitutionality.

Evidently, this is not a satisfactory situation

because none of these institutions are

independent of the laws or acts of the

executive. Furthermore, if none of these

institutions is given clear responsibility, then

the CPV, as the supreme power due to article

4, will have the final say.

To make matters even more confusing, article

119 specifically states that:

The institution to protect the constitution isprovided by law.

This opens up the possibility that some other

institution, beyond the National Assembly, thNational Assembly Standing Committee or th

prime minister, in the future, may be created,

with powers to interpret the constitutionality o

laws and acts of the executive.


19/84

16

Nh th, qua mnh khe c tnh gy hnlon hin php ny, ng CSVN mcnhin ng trn tt c mi nh ch, trn

tt c mi lut php v trn c hin php.

S hn lon hin php c , v s vng bngca mt nh ch c lp v tnh hp hinhoc vi hin ca cc sc lut v tc ng cahnh php, cho php QucHi b nhnca ng CSVN thng qua Lut Bu C iBiu Quc Hi 1997 (c tu chnh nm2001), cho php Mt Trn T Quc (mtngoi vi ca ng CSVN) c quyn vquyn bt khng chn ng c vin tranhc. Qua Mt Trn T Quc, ng CSVNquyt on ngi no c cho php tranhc vo Quc Hi, qua mt tt c cc quynt do c hin php khc ghi, nht l iu27 v quyn t do bu c v ng c. Nu cs hin hu ca mt Ta n Hin Php hoc

mt Ta n Ti Cao vi thm quyn ngngha, th mt sc lut nh th b tuyn

b l vi hin v v hiu lc.

IV. S ngo mn ca ng CSVN

i vi Tng B Th Nguyn Ph Trng v

gii lnh o cao cp nht ca ng, hinphp ch l mt tm bnh phong. on 1iu 8 ghi r:

iu 81. Nh nc c t chc v hot ng theo

Thus through this ruse of deliberateconstitutional confusion, the CPV by defaustands above all institutions, all laws and

above the constitution itself.

Similar deliberate constitutional confusion, an

absence of an independent institution for the

determination of constitutionality of laws and

executive action, have allowed the CPV pupp

National Assembly to enact the National

Assembly Deputies Electoral Act 1997

(amended in 2001), to provide for the

Fatherland Front (a front organization for the

CPV) to have the sole and uncontestable right

to choose candidates to stand for office.

Through the Fatherland Front, the CPV

dictates who is allowed to stand for election to

the National Assembly, by-passing all the

democratic freedoms granted by the

constitution, in particular article 27 on the righ

to vote and stand for office. If an independentConstitutional Court or Supreme Court with

proper jurisdiction on constitutionality was in

existence, such law would have been declared

unconstitutional and invalid.

IV. Arrogance of the CPV

For General Secretary Nguyen Phu Trong and

senior members of the CPV, the constitution ionly a facade. Section 1 of article 8 states

clearly:

Article 81. The state is organized and operates in


20/84

17

Hin php v php lut, qun l x hi bngHin php v php lut, thc hin nguyntc tp trung dn ch.

Tp trung dn ch d nhin l mt khinim ca L Nin hon ton phn vi dnch v thng thng khc ghi vo bn iul cc ng cng sn theo truyn thng L

Nin, hu bo m s trung thnh tuyt ica cp thp i vi cp cao, thuc cp ivi lnh o quyn uy, h tng ng vini vi Ban Chp Hnh Trung ng vChnh Tr B. S kin quan im ny c

khc ghi trong hin php ton dn chngminh s ngo mn tt cng ca nhng thnh

phn bo th nht trong ng CSVN.Sau cng, hu dp b tt c mi nghi ng vs gi v tn trng hin php ca CSVN,trc khi Quc Hi biu quyt chp nhnthng qua Hin Php 2013, nhiu c quantruyn thng nh nc trch dn li pht

biu xc nh ca Tng B Th Nguyn PhTrng rng hin php l:

Vn kin chnh tr php l quan trng vobc nht SAUCng lnh ca ng.

(http://vnexpress.net/tin-tuc/thoi-su/tong-bi-thu-de-phong-the-luc-muon-xoa-bo-dieu-4-hien-phap-2886937.html )

ng CSVN thc c rng ton dnkhng chp nhn tnh trng ny v tm cchngn chn nhng tc ng lt chnhquyn bng cch tu chnh hin php bucqun i phi trung thnh tuyt i vi ng

accordance with the constitution and law,manages society through the constitution andlaw, implements the principle of democratic

centralism (Emphasis ours)

Democratic centralism of course is aLeninist concept totally anti-thesis todemocracy and enshrined generally in LeninisParties rules to ensure absolute obedience oflower hierarchies to higher hierarchies, ofsubordinate members to authoritarian leaders,of the rank and file membership to the CentraCommittee and Politburo. The fact that it find

itself enshrined in the constitution of a wholenation is evidence of extreme arrogance of themost conservative elements of the CPV.Finally to shatter any remaining doubt about

any semblance of respect for the constitution,

prior to the National Assembly approving the

2013 constitution, various government media

outlets pointedly quoted CPV General

Secretary Nguyen Phu Trong making the

following assertion that the constitution is:

The most important legal document AFTER(emphasis ours)the Partys constitution

(http://vnexpress.net/tin-tuc/thoi-su/tong-bthu-de-phong-the-luc-muon-xoa-bo-dieu-4-hien-phap-2886937.html)

The CPV knows that this situation is far fromacceptable to the people and seeks to pre-emp

any attempt to overthrow it from government

by amending the constitution to make the

armed forces loyal to the party as well.
http://vnexpress.net/tin-tuc/thoi-su/tong-bi-thu-de-phong-the-luc-muon-xoa-bo-dieu-4-hien-phap-2886937.htmlhttp://vnexpress.net/tin-tuc/thoi-su/tong-bi-thu-de-phong-the-luc-muon-xoa-bo-dieu-4-hien-phap-2886937.htmlhttp://vnexpress.net/tin-tuc/thoi-su/tong-bi-thu-de-phong-the-luc-muon-xoa-bo-dieu-4-hien-phap-2886937.htmlhttp://vnexpress.net/tin-tuc/thoi-su/tong-bi-thu-de-phong-the-luc-muon-xoa-bo-dieu-4-hien-phap-2886937.htmlhttp://vnexpress.net/tin-tuc/thoi-su/tong-bi-thu-de-phong-the-luc-muon-xoa-bo-dieu-4-hien-phap-2886937.htmlhttp://vnexpress.net/tin-tuc/thoi-su/tong-bi-thu-de-phong-the-luc-muon-xoa-bo-dieu-4-hien-phap-2886937.htmlhttp://vnexpress.net/tin-tuc/thoi-su/tong-bi-thu-de-phong-the-luc-muon-xoa-bo-dieu-4-hien-phap-2886937.htmlhttp://vnexpress.net/tin-tuc/thoi-su/tong-bi-thu-de-phong-the-luc-muon-xoa-bo-dieu-4-hien-phap-2886937.htmlhttp://vnexpress.net/tin-tuc/thoi-su/tong-bi-thu-de-phong-the-luc-muon-xoa-bo-dieu-4-hien-phap-2886937.htmlhttp://vnexpress.net/tin-tuc/thoi-su/tong-bi-thu-de-phong-the-luc-muon-xoa-bo-dieu-4-hien-phap-2886937.htmlhttp://vnexpress.net/tin-tuc/thoi-su/tong-bi-thu-de-phong-the-luc-muon-xoa-bo-dieu-4-hien-phap-2886937.htmlhttp://vnexpress.net/tin-tuc/thoi-su/tong-bi-thu-de-phong-the-luc-muon-xoa-bo-dieu-4-hien-phap-2886937.htmlhttp://vnexpress.net/tin-tuc/thoi-su/tong-bi-thu-de-phong-the-luc-muon-xoa-bo-dieu-4-hien-phap-2886937.htmlhttp://vnexpress.net/tin-tuc/thoi-su/tong-bi-thu-de-phong-the-luc-muon-xoa-bo-dieu-4-hien-phap-2886937.htmlhttp://vnexpress.net/tin-tuc/thoi-su/tong-bi-thu-de-phong-the-luc-muon-xoa-bo-dieu-4-hien-phap-2886937.htmlhttp://vnexpress.net/tin-tuc/thoi-su/tong-bi-thu-de-phong-the-luc-muon-xoa-bo-dieu-4-hien-phap-2886937.html


21/84

18

v nh nc.

V th iu 65 vit:

Lc lng v trang nhn dn tuyt itrung thnh vi T quc,Nhn dn, ving v Nh nc, c nhim v bo v clp, ch quyn, thng nht, ton vn lnhth ca T quc, an ninh quc gia v trt t,an ton x hi; bo vNhn dn, ng, Nhnc v ch x hi ch ngha, cng tondn xy dng t nc v thc hin ngha

v quc t.

V.S lin kt gia ng CSVN vng Cng Sn Trung Quc(CSTQ) l mt him ha cho habnh khu vc v ha bnh th gii.

Vit Nam, Hn Quc, Nht Bn v Mng

C l nhng quc gia xoay quanh trc TrungHoa. Cc quc gia ny chu nhiu nhhng vn ha Trung Hoa, k c Tng Nho

bo th vn l gnh nng ca Trung Hoa,Vit Nam v Hn Quc vo cui th k 19khi h tip xc vi cc cng quc thuca ty phng.

Nht Bn vt qua gnh nng ny v

canh tn x s sm hu bt kp ty phng.Nam Hn gia nhp hng ng cc quc giapht trin tip theo chnh sch k ngh hanhanh chng ca Tng Thng Pht Chnh

Thus, article 65 reads:

The peoples armed forces are absolutelyloyal to the fatherland, the people, with theparty and state(Emphasis ours),responsiblfor the protection of the independence,sovereignty, unity, national territorial integritynational security and order, social safety;

protect the people, party, state and socialistregime, together with the people build thecountry and perform international duties.

V.

Alliance between the CommunistParty of Vietnam (CPV) and theCommunist Party of China (CPC) isdangerous to regional and world peac

Vietnam, Korea, Japan and Mongolia have

been independent states orbiting China. Tosignificant extents these nations have been

influenced by Chinese cultural values

including Conservative Confucianism which

became a burden on China, Vietnam and Kore

at the end of the 19thcentury when they came

into contact with Western Colonial powers.

Japan had overcome this burden and

modernized itself early to catch up with theWest. South Korea joined the rank of the

developed nations as the consequence of rapid

indudtrialization under President Park Ching

Hee.


22/84

19

Hy.

Lch s Vit Nam gm ton nhng c hi b

b l.Tht vy, Tng Nho bo th, do giai cpquan li phn ng ca triu nh nh

Nguyn i din, quyt tm bo v quynlc v quyn li giai cp, ngn chnvng triu khng cho canh tn t ncvo cui th k 19. Hu qu l Vit Nam rivo tay thc dn Php.

Sau , chin thng ca ng CSTQ ti HoaLc nm 1949 tc i cc cn c quynlc ca cc ng phi quc gia ti min namTrung Quc. S kin ny a n chinthng ca ng CSVN ti in Bin Ph vchin thng ca H Ch Minh nm 1954. Sp t trn dn tc Vit Nam ch thuytMc L tr hon tin trnh pht trin t

nc, trn cc bnh din chnh tr v kinh tc th c th k.

Quyt nh ca Quc Hi Vit Nam thngqua Hin Php 2013 ca ng CSVN, mcdu c d lun d on rng ri, l mtc hi b nh mt na, trong khi cc dntc khc ang dng mnh tin ln. Nhng chi b mt nh th em li nhng hu qu thi cho dn tc Vit Nam v th gii.

VI. Hu qu cho dn tc Vit Nam:

Mt s kin m nhn dn Vit hiu tng

Vietnams history is littered with missedopportunities.

Indeed Conservative Confucianism, asembodied in a very recalcitrant Mandarinate

intent on preserving its powers and privileges

has prevented the monarchy from modernizin

the nation at the end of the 19thCentury. As a

consequence, Vietnam fell into the hands of

imperialist France.

Then the CPC victory in China in 1949

deprived nationalist political parties a powerbase in South China. This inevitably led to the

CPV victory at Dien Bien Phu anh Ho Chi

Minhs victory in 1954. The imposition ofMarxism-Leninism on Vietnam as a nation ha

delayed its development, both politically and

economically, arguably by a century.

The decision by the Vietnamese National

Assembly, to adopt the 2013 Constitution by

the CPV, although widely predictable, is

another missed opportunity when other nation

are assiduously on the move. Such missed

opportunities have dire consequences for

Vietnam and the world.

VI. Consequences to the Vietnamesepeople:

It is a well known fact, to the Vietnamese

people, that if the CPV chooses to lean


23/84

20

tn l nu CSVN chn la thin v Hoa Kth tin trnh chuyn ha dn ch s nhanhhn ti Vit Nam. Nu ng CSVN chn la

nghing v Trung Quc, th hin trng chnhtr khng thay i. Nghch lun CSVN phii u l nu h nghing v Hoa K, thVit Nam nh mt dn tc s vn ln,nhng ng CSVN nh l mt nhm quynli, s mt ton b quyn lc chnh tr. TngB Th Nguyn Ph Trng v phe nhm c mt quyt nh hon ton c thc l th

mt nc ch khng mt ng.

Hu qu l ton dn phi tip tc sng trongmt quc gia vng bng nhng nhn quyncn bn v nhng quyn t do chnh tr mton th nhn loi mc nhin c hng.Ton dn tip tc chng kin mc sng cah ngy cng gim st v s qun l km cidi ch c ng, chuyn bc lt sc

lao ng nhn dn hu lm giu cho ngvin v thn nhn ca h. Nhn dn s tiptc chng kin nhng dn tc trong khu vc

pht trin cc nhanh, v nhng dn tc khct nhng ni xa xi trn qu a cu, bt kpri qua mt dn tc Vit Nam.

VII.

Hu qu i vi th qunbnh chin lc ti ng v ngNam :

Mt chn l hin nhin cho cc dn tc bnl Trung Quc l, mun sng cn, h phivt ln trn Trung Quc v mi phng

towards the USA then there will be speedier

democratic changes in Vietnam. If it chooses

to lean towards China, then the status quo wil

be kept. The dilemma for the CPV is that ifthey lean towards the USA, Vietnam as a

nation may rise but the CPV as an interest

group, may lose political power altogether.

General Secretary Nguyen Phu Trong and

associates have made a conscious decision to

prefer the survival of the party over the fate o

the nation.

The people as a consequence, will have to

continue to live in a country without the basic

human rights and political freedom the rest of

the world takes for granted. They will continu

to see their standard of living decline as the

consequence of mismanagement by a one-par

system intent on exploiting the labour of its

own people, to enrich members of the partyand their relatives. They will continue to see

other nations in the region develop by leaps

and bounds and other nations in the farthest

corners of the earth catching up with them and

surpassing them.

VII. Consequences to strategic balance

in East and South East Asia:It is a truism that for a nation on the periphery

of China, to survive, it has to excel China in a

respects. Japan, South Korea and to a

significant extent Mongolia have shown us th


24/84

21

din. Nht Bn, Nam Hn v mc giihn hn Mng C chng minh cho chngta thy iu ny hon ton kh thi. l tr

Vit Nam. Bng cch i ngc tro lu dnch trnth gii v bm vu vo h thngc ti c ng, ng CSVN trng voc dn tc Vit Nam xing xch mt thch km ci m chnh Lin Bang X Vit qung vo st rc ca lch s. Hn na,ng CSVN eo vo c dn tc Vit kiuhng gng cm ca mt quc gia ch hu,

phc v cho k th truyn kip t phngbc.

Mt th qun bnh chin lc hon ho ting v ng Nam l mt th qun bnhtrong Trung Quc (tt nht l mt TrungQuc dn ch) c vy quanh bi nhnglng ging dn ch v phn thnh v kinh t.

VIII. Hu qu cho nn ha bnh vthnh vng th gii:

Lch s dy cho chng ta rng s phn vinhv kinh t to thm s phn vinh v em liha bnh.Nhiu chng c cho thy rng ccch c ti em li c hn v c khuynhhng lidng lng i quc v tinh thn

dn tc qu khch cng c s cai tr vquyn lc i vi nhn dn. Quyn li caHoa K v ca ton th nhn loi nmkhng nhng ni mt Trung Quc v mtVit Nam, m ni ton th cc quc gia th

this is completely possible.

That is except for Vietnam. By defying world

trend towards democracy and by hanging on tthe dictatorship of the one-party system, the

CPV has condemned Vietnam to the

mediocrities of an ideology already discarded

by the Soviet Union into the dust-bin of

history. Further, the CPV has condemned the

proud Vietnamese people to the status of a

vassal state at the service of their traditional

enemy from the north.

A perfect strategic balance in East and South

East Asia is one in which China (preferably a

democratic China) is surrounded by democrat

and economically prosperous neighbors.

VIII.

Consequences to world peace andprosperity:

History has taught us that economic prosperit

generates more prosperity and brings about

peace. There is substantial evidence that

dictatorships brings about poverty and tends t

manipulate nationalistic patriotism to

consolidate control and power over theirpeoples. It is in the interest of the USA and th

whole of humanity that not only China and

Vietnam, but the whole third world become

economically prosperous and politically


25/84

22

gii th ba, c kinh t pht trin v chnh trdn ch.

Chnh v th khi ch v sn chuyn chnhti Trung Quc v ch v sn chuynchnh ti Vit Nam to thnh mt lin minh thc h, th iu ny l mt biu hin xucho ha bnh v thnh vng ca th gii,nht ltrong hin trng mt nc TrungHoa ang khng nh v tr qun s camnh ti Bin Nht Bn v Bin Nam TrungQuc (m ngi Vit Nam gi l Binng)

IX. Li thot:

Tng quan Mi h rng lnh gia VitNam v Trung Quc m cu ch tch VitNam H Ch Minh v cu ch tch TrungQuc Mao Trch ng khi xng tht skhng phi mt chiu nh h Mao suy ngh

v ng H ng thun: l tng quantheo CSTQ l mi hay l ngi bo v vCSVN l rng hay l k c bo v.

Tht ra hai nhn vt ny khng bit,tng quan ny thc s hai chiu. C haithc th u l va mi ln rng.

Chnh v th, khng nhng nu CSTQ sp

th CSVN sp theo. Quy lut ny cngng y chang nu CSVN sp , th cnchn ng chnh tr tip theo s hu nhchc chn lm CSTQ sp , nh mt tri

democratic.

Thus the dictatorship of the proletariat in Chin

in an ideological alliance with the samedictatorship in Vietnam does not augur well fo

world peace and prosperity, particularly in

light of Chinas military assertion in the Sea oJapan and in the South China Sea (known to

the Vietnamese as the Eastern Sea).

IX. The Way out:

The Lips and Teeth relationship betweenVietnam and China as espoused by former

Vietnam President Ho Chi Minh and former

Chinese Chairman Mao Tse Tung does not

work only in the direction envisaged by Maoand acknowledged by Ho: that was a

relationship where Communist China was the

lips or protector and Vietnam was the teethor protge.

Unbeknown to them, the relationship is truly

mutual in nature. Both entities are at the same

time lips and teeth.

Thus not only if Communist China falls then

Communist Vietnam will fall. Equally true is

that if Communist Vietnam falls, the political

earthquake that ensues will bring about the fa

of Communist China as surely as the sun sink


26/84

23

ln chn tri hng Ty vy.

Trong khi Trung Quc l mt thc th chnh

tr v kinh t v i kh b nh hng siucng bn ngoi, th Vit Nam l mt thcth chnh tr mong manh hn, l thuc vomu dch vi Hoa K v Lin Hip uChu. V th cc quc gia ty phng c thnh hng d dng hn cc bin chuynchnh tr ti Vit nam.

n lc Quc Hi Hoa K v cc nh

ch tng t ti cc quc gia dn ch khcxt n nhng cm vn i vi Vit Nam vnhng viphm nhn quyn, s thiu vngtiu chun v chnh quyn ci m v trongsut, v nhng lm dng quyn lc nhnc i vi ngi dn. Tht vy, nhiuchng c cho thy CSVN ang p dngchnh sch nh nc khng b i vi

nhn dn Vit Nam.Lc ng CSVN s sp . Khi ngCSVN sp , trong cn chn ng tiptheo, ng CSTQ s sp .

Hai s sp ny s em li ha bnh vthnh vng khng nhng cho Chu mcho ton th gii.

in the Western horizon.

While China is a huge political and economic

entity arguably oblivious to external super-power influences, Vietnam is a more fragile

polity subject to trade with the USA and the

European Union. Thus Western nations can

more easily influence political changes in

Vietnam.

It is time for the US Congress and equivalent

institutions in other democratic nations toconsider sanctions on Vietnam for its

violations of human rights, for its lack of

criteria for open and transparent governance

and for its abuse of state power over its

citizens. Indeed, there is evidence that the CP

is exercising state terrorism over its people.

Then the CPV will fall. When the CPV falls,

the CPC will succumb in the aftershock.

This dual fall will bring about an era of peace

and prosperity not only In Asia but for the

whole world.


27/84

24

Hin php 2013

Li ni u:

Tri qua my nghn nm lch s, Nhn dnVit Nam lao ng cn c, sng to, utranh anh dng dng nc v gi nc, hun c nn truyn thng yu nc, onkt, nhn ngha, kin cng, bt khut vxy dng nn nn vn hin Vit Nam.

T nm 1930, di s lnh o ca ngCng sn Vit Nam do Ch tch H ChMinh sng lp v rn luyn, Nhn dn ta tinhnh cuc u tranh lu di, y gian kh,hy sinh v c lp, t do ca dn tc, v hnh

phc ca Nhn dn. Cch mng thng Tmthnh cng, ngy 2 thng 9 nm 1945, Chtch H Ch Minh c Tuyn ngn c lp,khai sinh ra nc Vit Nam dn ch cngha, nay l Cng ha x hi ch ngha Vit

Nam.Bng ch v sc mnh ca ton dntc, c s gip ca bn b trn thgii, Nhn dn ta ginh chin thng v itrong cc cuc u tranh gii phng dn tc,thng nht t nc, bo v T quc v lmngha v quc t, t c nhng thnh tuto ln, c ngha lch s trong cng cuci mi, a t nc i ln ch ngha xhi.

Th ch ha Cng lnh xy dng t nctrong thi k qu ln ch ngha x hi, ktha Hin php nm 1946, Hin php nm1959, Hin php nm 1980 v Hin php

The 2013 constitution

Foreword:Through several thousand years of history, thecreative, hard-working laborious Vietnamese

people, who have struggled courageously toestablish the foundation of the nation anddefend it, have nurtured a tradition of

patriotism, solidarity, humanity, strength,indomitability and built the Vietnameseculture.

Since 1930, under the leadership of theCommunist Party of Vietnam established andtrained by Chairman Ho Chi Minh, our peoplehave proceeded with a struggle which is long,full of difficulties and sacrifices for theindependence, freedom of the people, for thehappiness of the people. The AugustRevolution was successful, on 2 September1945, Chairman Ho Chi Minh read theDeclaration of Independence, creating theDemocratic Republic of Vietnam, now theSocialist Republic of Vietnam. With the willand strength of the whole nation, with the helpof friends in the world, our people havesnatched a huge victory in the struggle toliberate the nation, unify the country, protectthe fatherland and perform international dutieachieve enormous results, of historical

significance in the renewal policy, set thecountry on the road to socialism.

To institutionalize the nation-building programduring the intermediary period leading tosocialism, to inherit the 1946 Constitution, the


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nm 1992, Nhn dn Vit Nam xy dng,thi hnh v bo v Hin php ny v mctiu dn giu, nc mnh, dn ch, cng

bng, vn minh.

CHNG ICH CHNH TR

iu 1Nc Cng ho x hi ch ngha Vit Naml mt nc c lp, c ch quyn, thngnht v ton vn lnh th, bao gm t lin,hi o, vng bin v vng tri.

iu 21. Nh nc Cng ha x hi ch ngha Vit

Nam l nh nc php quyn x hi chngha ca Nhn dn, do Nhn dn, v Nhndn.2. Nc Cng ha x hi ch ngha Vit

Nam do Nhn dn lm ch; tt c quyn lcnh nc thuc v Nhn dn m nn tng llin minh gia giai cp cng nhn vi giaicp nng dn v i ng tr thc.3. Quyn lc nh nc l thng nht, c s

phn cng, phi hp, kim sot gia cc cquan nh nc trong vic thc hin ccquyn lp php, hnh php, t php.

iu 3Nh nc bo m v pht huy quyn lmch caNhn dn; cng nhn, tn trng, bov v bo m quyn con ngi, quyn cngdn; thc hin mc tiu dn giu, ncmnh, dn ch, cng bng, vn minh, mingi c cuc sng m no, t do, hnh phc,

1959 Constitution, the 1980 Constitution andthe 1992 Constitution, the Vietnamese people

build, implement and protect this constitution

for the objectives of prosperous people, strongnation, democracy, equality, civilization.

CHAPER IPOLITICAL REGIME

Article 1The Socialist Republic of Vietnam is a countrwhich is independent, with sovereignty, is

unified and has national integrity, includingterritory, islands, sea areas and airspace.

Article 21. The government of the Socialist Republic oVietnam is a government of socialist rule oflaw of the people, by the people, for the peopl2. The Socialist Republic of Vietnam is subjeto the mastery of the people; all state powers

belong to the people whose foundation is thealliance of the working class to the peasantclass and the intelligentsia.3. State powers are unified, with division ofwork, coordination, scrutiny between stateorgans in the implementation of legislative,executive, judicial powers.

Article 3The state guaranties and promotes the masteryright of the people; affirms, respects, protectsand guaranties human rights, citizens rights;implements the objectives of prosperous

people, strong nation, democracy, equality,civilization, plentiful life for all, freedom,


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c iu kin pht trin ton din.

iu 4

1.ng Cng sn Vit Nam- i tin phongca giai cp cng nhn, ng thi l i tin

phong caNhn dn lao ng v ca dn tcVit Nam, i biu trung thnh li ch cagiai cp cng nhn,Nhn dn lao ng vca c dn tc, ly ch ngha Mc Lninv t tng H Ch Minh lm nn tng ttngl lc lng lnh o Nh nc v xhi.

2. ng Cng sn Vit Namgn b mtthit viNhn dn, phc vNhn dn,chus gim st caNhn dn, chu trch nhimtrcNhn dn v nhng quyt nh camnh.3. Cc t chc ca ng v ng vin ngCng sn Vit Namhot ng trong khunkh Hin php v php lut.

iu 51. Nc Cng ho x hi ch ngha Vit

Nam l quc gia thng nht ca cc dn tccng sinh sng trn t nc Vit Nam.2. Cc dn tc bnhng, on kt, tn trngv gip nhau cng pht trin; nghim cmmi hnh vi k th, chia r dn tc.3. Ngn ng quc gia l ting Vit. Cc dntc c quyn dng ting ni, ch vit, gi

gn bn sc dn tc, pht huy phong tc, tpqun, truyn thngv vn ho tt p camnh.4. Nh nc thc hin chnh sch pht trinton din v to iu kin cc dn tcthiu s pht huy ni lc, cng pht trin vi

happiness, with conditions for totaldevelopment.

Article 4:1. The Communist Party of Vietnam- thevanguard of the proletariat, as well as thevanguard of the working people and of thewhole nation, the faithful representative of theinterests of the proletariat, working people anthe whole nation, adopting Marxism-Leninismand the thoughts of Ho Chi Minh asfoundations of thoughts, is the force leadingthe state and society.2. The Communist Party of Vietnam isintimately close to the people, serves the

people, accepts supervision by the people, isaccountable before the people for its decision3. All party organs and members of theCommunist Party of Vietnam operate withinthe framework of the Constitution and the law

Article 51. The Socialist Republic of Vietnam is theunified nation for all ethnic groups co-existingin the country of Vietnam.2. All ethnic groups are equal, united, respecteach other and help each other to develop; allacts that are discriminatory, divisive are

prohibited.3. The national language is Vietnamese. Ethngroups have the right to use dialects, writingssafekeep ethnic characters, promote traditionsmores, folklores and their beautiful cultures.4. The state implements policies of totaldevelopment and creates conditions forminority ethnic groups to develop internal


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t nc.

iu 6

Nhn dn thc hin quyn lc nh ncbng dn ch trc tip, bngdn ch i dinthng qua Quc hi, Hi ng nhn dn vthng quacc c quan khc ca Nh nc.

iu 71. Vic bu c i biu Quc hi v i biuHi ng nhn dn c tin hnh theonguyn tc ph thng, bnh ng, trc tipv b phiu kn.

2.i biu Quc hi, i biu Hi ng nhndn b c tri hoc Quc hi, Hi ng nhndn bi nhim khi khng cn xng ng vis tn nhim ca nhn dn.

iu 81. Nh nc c t chc v hot ng theoHin php v php lut, qun l x hi bng

Hin php v php lut, thc hin nguyntc tp trung dn ch.

2. Cc c quan nh nc, cn b, cng chc,vin chc phi tn trngNhn dn, tn ty

phc vNhn dn, lin h cht chviNhn dn, lng nghe kin v chu sgim st caNhn dn; kin quyt u tranhchng tham nhng, lng ph v mi biuhin quan liu, hch dch, ca quyn.

iu 91. Mt trn T quc Vit Nam l t chclin minh chnh tr, lin hip t nguyn cat chc chnh tr, cc t chc chnh tr - xhi, t chc x hi v cc c nhn tiu biu

strength, to develop together with the nation.

Article 6

The people exercise state powers throughdirect democracy, representative democracythrough the the National Assembly, PeoplesCouncils and through other organs of the state

Article 71. The election of deputies of the NationalAssembly and deputies of Peoples Councils

proceed on the principle of popular, equal,direct and secret ballot.

2. The National Assembly deputies andPeoples Councils deputies are dismissed froduties by the voters or the National AssemblyPeoples Councils when they are no longerdeserving of the peoples confidence.

Article 81.The state is organized and operates inaccordance with the constitution and law,

manages society through the constitution andlaw, implements the principle of democraticcentralism2. State organs, cadres, public employees,officials must respect the people, liaise closelywith the people, listen to the opinions of andaccept the supervision of the people; strugglewith determination to fight corruption, wasteand all manifestations of bureaucracy,haughtiness, power abuse.

Article 91.The Fatherland Front of Vietnam is an

organization of political alliance, voluntary

alliance of political organizations, socio-


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trong cc giai cp, tng lp x hi, dn tc,tn gio v ngi Vit Nam nh c ncngoi.

Mt trn T quc Vit Nam l c s chnhtr ca chnh quyn nhn dn; i din, bov quyn v li ch hp php, chnh ngcaNhn dn; tp hp, pht huysc mnhi on kt ton dn tc, thc hin dn ch,tng cng ng thun x hi; gim st,

phn bin x hi; tham gia xy dng ng,Nh nc, hot ng i ngoi nhn dngp phn xy dng v bo v T quc.

2. Cng on Vit Nam, Hi nng dn VitNam, on thanh nin cng sn H ChMinh, Hi lin hip ph n Vit Nam, Hicu chin binh Vit Nam l cc t chc

chnh tr - x hi c thnh lp trn c st nguyn, i din v bo v quyn, li chhp php, chnh ng ca thnh vin, hivin t chc mnh; cng cc t chc thnhvin khc ca Mt trn phi hp v thngnht hnh ng trong Mt trn T quc Vit

Nam.

3. Mt trn T quc Vit Nam, cc t chcthnh vin ca Mt trn v cc t chc xhi khc hot ng trong khun kh Hin

php v php lut. Nh nc to iu kin Mt trn T quc Vit Nam cc t chc

political organizations, social organizations

and individuals typical of social classes, socia

strata, ethnic groups, religions and Vietnames

settled overseas.The Fatherland Front of Vietnam is the

political base of the peoples government;represents, protects the rights and legal,

legitimate interests of the people; concentrate

promotes the strength of national solidarity,

implements democracy, improves social

conformity; supervises, provides social

feedbacks; takes part in improving the Party,the state, the peoples external activities tocontribute to the building and protection of th

fatherland.

2.The Union of Workers of Vietnam, the

Peasants Association of Vietnam, the Ho Chi

Minh Communist Youth, the Federated

Womens Association of Vietnam, The

Veterans Association of Vietnam are socio-political organizations established on the

voluntary basis, represent and protect the lega

legitimate rights, interests of constituents,

members of each organization; together with

other member-organizations of the Front

coordinate and unite activities within the

Fatherland Front of Vietnam.

3.The Fatherland Front of Vietnam, member-organizations of the Front and other socialorganizations operate within the framework othe constitution and law. The state creates theconditions for the Fatherland Front of Vietnam


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thnh vin ca Mt trn v cc t chc xhi khc hot ng.

iu 10

Cng on Vit Nam l t chc chnh tr -x hi ca giai cp cng nhn v ca ngilao ng c thnh lp trn c s tnguyn, i din cho ngi lao ng, chmlo v bo v quyn, li ch hp php, chnhng ca ngi lao ng; tham gia qun lnh nc, qun l kinh t -x hi; tham giakim tra, thanh tra, gim st hot ng cac quan nh nc, t chc, n v, doanh

nghip v nhng vn lin quan nquyn, ngha v ca ngi lao ng; tuyntruyn, vn ng ngi lao ng hc tp,nng cao trnh , k nng ngh nghip,chp hnh php lut, xy dng v bo v Tquc.

iu 111. T quc Vit Nam l thing ling, bt kh

xm phm.2. Mi hnh vi chng li c lp, ch quyn,thng nht v ton vn lnh th, chng li snghip xy dng v bo v T quc u bnghim tr.

iu 12Nc Cng ho x hi ch ngha Vit Namthc hin nht qun ng li i ngoi c

lp, t ch, ha bnh, hu ngh, hp tc vpht trin; a phng ha, a dng ha quanh, ch ng v tch cc hi nhp, hp tcquc t trn c s tn trng c lp, chquyn v ton vn lnh th, khng can thipvo cng vic ni b ca nhau, bnh ng,

member-organizations of the Front and othersocial organizations to operate.

Article 10The Union of Workers of Vietnam is a socio-political organization of the working class andof laborers established on the voluntary basis,represents laborers, looks after and protectslegal, legitimate rights, interests of laborers;takes part in managing the state, managing theeconomy-society; takes part in scrutinizing,inspecting, supervising the activities of stateorgans, organizations, units, businesses relativ

to issues of rights, responsibilities of laborers;propagates among, urges laborers to study, tolift their level, professional skills, follow thelaw, build and protect the Fatherland.

Article 111. The Vietnamese Fatherland is divine,

inviolable.2. All acts that violate independence,sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity, thaviolate the legacy of the building and

protection of the Fatherland are severelypunished.

Article 12The Socialist Republic of Vietnam implementin uniformity a foreign policy that is

independent, self determined, peaceful,friendly, cooperative and developmental;diversifies the directions and aspects ofrelationships, actively and positivelyintegrates, cooperates internationally on the

bases of respect for independence, sovereignty


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cng c li; tun th Hin chng Lin hpquc v iu c quc t m Cng ha xhi ch nghaVit Nam l thnh vin; l bn,

i tc tin cy v thnh vin c trch nhimtrong cng ng quc t v li ch quc gia,dn tc, gp phn vo s nghip ha bnh,c lp dn tc, dn ch v tin b x hitrn th gii.

iu 131. Quc k nc Cng ha x hi ch ngha

Vit Nam hnh ch nht, chiu rng bnghai phn ba chiu di, nn , gia c ngisao vng nm cnh.2. Quc huy nc Cng ha x hi chngha Vit Nam hnh trn, nn , gia cngi sao vng nm cnh, xung quanh c

bng la, di c na bnh xe rng vdng ch Cng ha x hi ch ngha Vit

Nam.

3. Quc ca nc Cng ha x hi ch nghaVit Nam l nhc v li ca bi Tin qunca.4. Quc khnh nc Cng ha x hi chngha Vit Nam l ngy Tuyn ngn c lp2 thng 9 nm 1945.5. Th nc Cng ha x hi ch nghaVit Nam l H Ni.

CHNG IIQUYN CON NGI,QUYN VNGHA V C BN CA CNG DN

iu 141. nc Cng ha x hi ch ngha Vit

and territorial integrity, non-intervention intoeach others internal affairs, equality andmutual benefits; complies with the United

Nations Charter and international covenants owhich the Socialist Republic of Vietnam ismember; is the friend, trusted partner andresponsible member of the internationalcommunity for the national interests, nation,contribution to the legacy of peace, nationalindependence, democracy and social progressin the world.Article 131. The national flag of the Socialist Republic

Vietnam is rectangular, its width is two thirdsof the size of its length, its background is red,at the centre is a five-pointed yellow star2. The national emblem of the SocialistRepublic of Vietnam is round, with a red

background, at the centre is a five-pointedyellow star, surrounded by rice-corns, below ione half of a dented gear and the inscriptionSocialist Republic of Vietnam.

3. The national anthem of the SocialistRepublic of Vietnam is the music and lyrics othe song March of the Troops4. The National Day of the Socialist Republicof Vietnam is the day of the IndependenceDeclaration of 2 September 1945.5. The capital of the Socialist Republic ofVietnam is Hanoi.

CHAPTER IIHUMAN RIGHTS, BASIC RIGHTS ANDRESPONSIBILITIES OF CITIZENS

Article 141. In the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, huma


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Nam, cc quyn con ngi, quyn cng dnv chnh tr, dn s, kinh t, vn ha, x hic cng nhn, tn trng, bo v, bo m

theo Hin php v php lut.

2. Quyn con ngi, quyn cng dn ch cth b hn ch theo quy nh ca lut trongtrng hp cn thit v l do quc phng, anninh quc gia, trt t, an ton x hi, oc x hi, sc khe ca cng ng.

iu 151. Quyn cng dn khng tch ringha vcng dn.2. Mi ngi c ngha v tn trng quynca ngi khc.3. Cng dn c trch nhim thc hin nghav i vi Nh nc v x hi.4. Vic thc hin quyn con ngi, quyncng dn khng c xm phm li chquc gia, dn tc, quyn v li ch hp phpca ngi khc.

iu 161. Mi ngi u bnh ng trc php lut.2. Khng ai b phn bit i x trong isng chnh tr, dn s, kinh t, vn ha, xhi.

iu 171. Cng dn nc Cng ha x hi chngha Vit Nam l ngi c quc tch Vit

Nam.2. Cng dn Vit Nam khng th b trcxut, giao np cho nh nc khc.3. Cng dn Vit Nam nc ngoi c

Nh nc Cng ha x hi ch ngha VitNam bo h.

rights, citizens rights relative to political, civeconomic, cultural, social matters areacknowledged, respected, protected, guarantie

according to the constitution and law.2. Human rights, citizens rights can only berestricted as provided by law in cases ofnecessity for reasons of national defense,national security, order, social safety, socialmorality, public health.

Article 151. Citizens rights are not separate from

citizens responsibilities2. Everyone has the responsibility to respectthe rights of others.3. Citizens have the responsibility to carry outduties relative to the state and society.4. The exercise of human rights, citizensrights cannot infringe on the national intereststhe nation, legal rights and interests of others.

Article 161. Everyone is equal before the law.2. No-one is subject to discriminatorytreatment in their political, civil, economic,cultural, social lives.

Article 171. Citizens of the Socialist Republic ofVietnam are people with Vietnamese

citizenship.2. Vietnamese citizens cannot be expelled,extradited to other states.3. Vietnamese citizens living overseas areguarantied support by the Socialist Republic oVietnam.


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iu 181.Ngi Vit Namnh c nc ngoi l

b phn khng tch ri ca cng ng dntc Vit Nam.2. Nh nc Cng ha x hi ch nghaVit Namkhuyn khch v to iu kin ngi Vit Nam nh c nc ngoi gign v pht huy bn sc vn ha dn tc Vit

Nam, gi quan h gn b vi gia nh vqu hng, gp phn xy dng qu hng,t nc.

iu 19Mi ngi c quyn sng. Tnh mng conngi c php lut bo h. Khng ai btc ot tnh mng tri lut.

iu 201.Mi ngi c quyn bt kh xm phm vthn th, c php lut bo h v sc kho,danh d v nhn phm; khng b tra tn, bolc, truy bc, nhc hnh hay bt k hnhthc i x nokhc xm phm thn th, sckhe, xc phm danh d, nhn phm.

2. Khng ai b bt nu khng c quyt nhca To n nhn dn, quyt nh hoc phchun ca Vin kim st nhn dn, trtrng hp phm ti qu tang. Vic bt,giam gi ngi do lut nh.

3. Mi c quyn hin m, b phn c thngi v hin xc theo qui nh ca lut.Vic th nghim y hc, dc hc, khoa hchay bt k hnh thc th nghim no khctrn c th ngi phi c s ng cangi c th nghim.

Article 181. Vietnamese settled overseas are an

inseparable part of the Vietnamese nationalcommunity.2. The government of the Socialist Republic oVietnam encourages and creates the conditionfor Vietnamese settled overseas to keep and

promote Vietnamese national culturalcharacters, to keep close relationships withtheir families and homeland, to contribute tothe building of their homeland and country.

Article 19Everyone has the right to life. Human life is

protected by law. No-one can be deprived oflife contrary to law.

Article 201. Everyone has the right to inviolability of

body, their health, honor and human dignityguarantied by law; no-one can be tortured,

subjected to violence, oppression, physicalabuse or any other treatments violating theirbody, health, injuring their honor, humandignity.2. No-one can be arrested without the decisionof the Peoples Court, decision or approval ofthe Peoples Procuracy, except in cases offlagrante delicto. The arrest, keeping incustody are provided by law.3. Everyone has the right to donate tissues,

body organs and body according to law.Medical, pharmacological, scientificexperiments or any other forms ofexperimentation on the human body require thconsent of the person undergoing theexperiments.


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iu 211. Mi ngi c quyn bt kh xm phm v

i sng ring t, b mt c nhn v b mtgia nh; c quyn bo v danh d, uy tnca mnh.Thng tin v i sng ring t, bmt c nhn, b mt gia nh c php lut

bo m an ton.2. Mi ngi c quyn b mt th tn, inthoi, in tn v cc hnh thc trao ithng tin ring t khc.Khng ai c bc m, kim sot, thu gitri lutth tn, in thoi, in tn v cc

hnh thc trao i thng tin ring t cangi khc.

iu 221. Cng dn c quyn c ni hp php.2. Mi ngi c quyn bt kh xm phm vch . Khng ai c t vo ch cangi khc nu khng c ngi ng.

3. Vic khm xt ch do lut nh.

iu 23Cng dn c quyn t do i li v c tr trong nc, c quyn ra nc ngoi v tnc ngoi v nc. Vic thc hin ccquyn ny do php lut quy nh.

iu 241. Mi ngi c quyn t do tn ngng, tngio, theo hoc khng theo mt tn giono. Cc tn gio bnh ng trc php lut.2. Nh nc tn trng v bo hquyn t dotn ngng, tn gio.

Article 211. Everyone has the right to inviolability of

their privacy, individual secrets and familysecrets; has the right to protection of theirhonor, personal credibility. Information on

privacy, individual secrets, family secrets, isguarantied safety by law.2. Everyone is entitled to the right to privacy irelation to their mail, telephone, electronic another forms of private information exchange.

No-one has the right to open, inspect,confiscate unlawfully the mail, telephone,

electronic and other forms of privateinformation exchange of another person.

Article 221. Citizens have the right to reside at lawfullocations.2. Everyone has the right to inviolability ofresidence. No-one has the right to enter theresidence of another person without the latter

consent.3. Searching a residence is provided by law.

Article 23Citizens have the right to freedom ofmovement and residence inside the country,have the right to go overseas and return to thecountry from overseas. The implementation othese rights is provided by law.

Article 241. Everyone has the right to freedom of faith,religion, to follow or not to follow anyreligion. All religions are equal before the law2. he state respects and guaranties freedom offaith, religion.


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3. Khng ai c xm phm t do tnngng, tn gio hoc li dng tn ngng,tn gio vi phm php lut.

iu 25Cng dn c quyn t do ngn lun,t do

bo ch, tip cn thng tin, hi hp, lp hi,biu tnh. Vic thc hin cc quyn ny dophp lut quy nh.

iu 261. Cng dn nam, n bnh ng v mi mt.

Nh nc c chnh sch bo m quyn vc hi bnh ng gii.2. Nh nc, x hi v gia nh to iukin ph n pht trin ton din, pht huyvai tr ca mnh trong x hi.3. Nghim cm phn bit i x v gii.

iu 27

Cng dn mi tm tui tr ln c quynbu c v hai mi mt tui tr ln cquyn ng c vo Quc hi, Hi ng nhndn. Vic thc hin cc quyn ny do lutnh.

iu 281. Cng dn c quyn tham gia qun l nhnc v x hi, tham gia tho lun v kin

ngh vi c quan nh nc v cc vn ca c s,a phng v c nc.

2.Nh nc to iu kin cng dn thamgia qun l nh nc v x hi; cng khai,minh bch trong vic tip nhn, phn hi

3. No-one can violate freedom of faith, religioor abuse faith, religion to breach the law.

Article 25Citizens have the right to freedom of speech,freedom of the press, to access information,organize meetings, establish associations, take

part in demonstrations. The implementation othese rights is provided by law.

Article 261. Male and female citizens are equal in all

respects. The state has the policies to guarantyrights for and equal opportunities betweengenders.2. The state, society and families create theconditions for women to fully develop,

promote their role in society.3. Gender discrimination is strictly prohibited

Article 27

Citizens of 18 years old or over have the rightto vote and 21 years old or over have the righto stand for elections to the NationalAssembly, Peoples Councils. Theimplementation of these rights is provided bylaw.

Article 281. Citizens have the right to participate in themanagement of the state and society,

participate in discussion and petition stateorganizations relative to establishments,localities and the whole country.2. The state creates conditions for citizens to

participate in the management of the state andsociety; is open, transparent in the reception o


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kin, kin ngh ca cng dn.

iu 29Cng dn mi tm tui tr ln c quyn

biu quyt khi Nh nc t chc trng cu dn.

iu 301. Mi ngi c quyn khiu ni, t co vic quan, t chc, c nhn c thm quyn vnhng vic lm tri php lut ca c quan,t chc, c nhn.2. C quan, t chc, c nhn c thm quyn

phi tip nhn, gii quyt khiu ni, t co.Ngi b thit hi c quyn c bi thngv vt cht, tinh thn v phc hi danh dtheo quy nh ca php lut.3. Nghim cm vic tr th ngi khiu ni,t co hoc li dng quyn khiu ni, t co vu khng, vu co lm hi ngi khc.

iu 311. Ngi b buc ti c coi l khng cti cho n khi c chng minh theo trnht lut nh v c bn n kt ti ca Ta n c hiu lc php lut.2. Ngi b buc ti phi c Ta n xtx kp thi trong thi hn lut nh, cng

bng, cng khai. Trng hp xt x kn theoquy nh ca lut th vic tuyn n phi

c cng khai.3. Khng ai b kt n hai ln v mt tiphm.4. Ngi b bt, tm gi, tm giam, khi t,iu tra, truy t, xt x c quyn t bocha, nh lut s hoc ngi khc bo

answers to opinions, petitions of citizens.

Article 29

Citizens of 18 years old or over have the rightto vote when the state organizes a referendum

Article 301. Everyone has the right to complain, report tstate organs, organizations, individuals who acompetent about unlawful acts by state organsorganizations, individuals.2. State organs, organizations, individuals wh

are competent must accept, resolve complaintallegations. People who suffer damages havethe right to moral and material compensationsand restoration of honor as provided by law.3. It is strictly prohibited to take revengeagainst people who have lodged complaints,reports or to abuse the right to complain, repoto make false allegations, false accusations toinjure others.

Article 311. The accused is considered innocent until

proven in accordance with procedures provideby law and the sentence of the court has takenlegal effect.2. The accused must be adjudicated by thecourt timely within the time provided by law,

justly, publicly. In cases of closed court asprovided by law, the sentencing must be

public.3. No-one can be convicted twice for the samecrime.4. The people who are under arrest,temporarily detained, temporarily in jail,charged, investigated, prosecuted, adjudicated


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cha.

5.Ngi b bt, tm gi, tm giam, khi t,iu tra, truy t, xt x, thi hnh n tri phplut c quyn c bi thng thit hi vvt cht, tinh thn v phc hi danh d.

Ngi vi phm php lut trong vic bt,giam, gi, khi t, iu tra, truy t, xt x,thi hnh n gy thit hi cho ngi khc

phi b x l theo php lut.

iu 321. Mi ngi c quyn s hu v thu nhphp php, ca ci dnh, nh , t liusinh hot, t liu sn xut, phn vn gptrong doanh nghip hoc trong cc t chckinh t khc.2. Quyn s hu t nhn v quyn tha kc php lut bo h.

3. Trng hp tht cn thit v l do qucphng, an ninh hoc v li ch quc gia, tnhtrng khn cp, phng chng thin tai, Nhnc trng mua hoc trng dng c bithng ti sn cat chc, c nhn theo gith trng.

iu 33Mi ngi c quyn t do kinh doanh trong

nhng ngnh ngh m php lut khng cm.

iu 34Cng dn c quyn c bo m an sinh xhi.

upon have the right to defend themselves, berepresented by lawyers or other people to argutheir cases.

5. The people who are under arrest,temporarily detained, temporarily in jail,charged, investigated, prosecuted, adjudicatedupon, who serve unlawful sentences, have theright to moral, material compensation andrestoration of honor. Those who break the lawin the arrest, imprisonment, detention,charging, investigation, prosecution,adjudication, enforcement of sentencesresulting in damages to others must be dealt

with in accordance with law.Article 321. Everyone has the right to ownership oflawful income, wealth resulting from savings,residence, lifes private material, private

productive material, investment in enterprisesor in other economic organizations.2. Private ownership right and inheritance righare guarantied by law.

3. In circumstances of necessity due to reasonof national defense, national security orinterests, emergency state, protection against

prevention from natural disasters, the statepurchases or requisitions for use, withcompensation, the properties of organizationsindividuals at market value.

Article 33Everyone has the right to freedom of enterpris

in trades and professions not prohibited by law

Article 34Citizens have the right to guaranty of socialsecurity.


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iu 351. Cng dn c quyn lm vic, la chnngh nghip, vic lm v ni lm vic.

2. Ngi lm cng n lng c bo mcc iu kin lm vic cng bng, an ton;c hng lng, ch ngh ngi.3. Nghim cm phn bit i x, cng bclao ng, s dng nhn cng di tuilao ng ti thiu.

iu 361.Nam, nc quyn kt hn, ly hn.Hn

nhn theo nguyn tct nguyn, tin b, mtv mt chng, v chng bnh ng, tntrng ln nhau.2. Nh nc bo h hn nhn v gia nh,

bo h quyn li ca ngi m v tr em.

iu 37

1. Tr em c Nh nc, gia nh v x hibo v, chm sc v gio dc; c thamgia vo cc vn v tr em.Nghim cmxm hi, hnh h, ngc i, b mc, lmdng, bc lt sc lao ng v nhng hnh vikhc vi phm quyn tr em.

2. Thanh nin c Nh nc, gia nh vx hi to iu kin hc tp, lao ng, giitr, pht trin th lc, tr tu, bi dng o

c, truyn thng dn tc, thc cng dn;i u trong cng cuc lao ng sng to v

bo v T quc.

3. Ngi cao tui c Nh nc, gia nhv x hi tn trng, chm sc v pht huy

Article 351.Citizens have the right to work, choice ofoccupation, employment and place of

employment2.Wage earners are guarantied equitableworking conditions, safety; are entitled towages, vacation regime.3.Discriminatory treatment, forced labor, useof workers under minimal working age arestrictly prohibited

Article 361. Men and women have the right to marry,

divorce. Marriage follows the principles ofvoluntariness, progressiveness, monogamy,spousal equality, mutual respect.2. The state guaranties support for marriageand family, guaranties support for the interestof mothers and children.

Article 37

1. Children are protected, cared for andeducated by the state, families and society; caparticipate in childrens issues. Acts thatinjure, abuse, mistreat, neglect, take advantagof, exploit child labor and other acts thatviolate the rights of the child, are strictly

prohibited.2. The state, families and society createconditions for youths to study, to work, to

partake in recreation, to develop physically,

mentally, to foster their morality, nationalmores, citizens consciousness; to march as thvanguard for the cause of creative labor and

protection of the fatherland.3. Senior people are respected, cared for andtheir roles for the cause of building and


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vai tr trong s nghip xy dng v bo vT quc.

iu 381. Mi ngi c quyn c bo v, chmscsc khe, bnh ng trong vic s dngcc dch v y t v c ngha v thc hin ccquy nh v phng bnh, khm bnh, cha

bnh.2. Nghim cm cc hnh vi e da cucsng, sc khe ca ngi khc v cngng.

iu 39Cng dn c quyn v ngha v hc tp.

iu 40Mi ngi c quyn nghin cu khoa hc vcng ngh, sng to vn hc, ngh thut vth hng li ch t cc hot ng .

iu 41Mi ngi c quyn hng th v tip cncc gi tr vn ho, tham gia vo i sngvn ha, s dng cc c s vn ha.

iu 42Cng dn c quyn xc nh dn tc camnh, s dng ngn ng m , la chnngn ng giao tip.

iu 43

Mi ngi c quyn c sng trong mitrng trong lnh v c ngha v bo v mitrng.

iu 44Cng dn c ngha v trung thnh vi Tquc.Phn bi T quc l ti nng nht.

protecting the fatherland are promoted, by thestate, families and society.

Article 381. Everyone has the right to health protection,health care, equality in the use of medicalservices and has the duty to comply with allspecifications relative to disease prevention,examination, treatment.2. Acts that threaten the lives, health of othersand the community are strictly prohibited.

Article 39Citizens have the right and duty to study.

Article 40Everyone has the right to study science andindustry, create literature, art and enjoy the

benefits from such activities.

Article 41Everyone has the right to enjoy and access

cultural values, participate in cultural life,make use of cultural establishments.

Article 42Citizens have the right to affirm their ethnicityto use their mother tongue, to choose theirlanguage for communication.

Article 43Everyone has the right to live in a healthy

environment and the duty to protect theenvironment.

Article 44Citizens have the duty to be loyal to thefatherland. To betray the fatherland is the mos


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iu 451. Bo v T quc l ngha v thing lingv quyn cao qu ca cng dn.2. Cng dn phi thc hin ngha v qun sv tham gia xy dng nn quc phng tondn.

iu 46Cng dn c ngha v tun theo Hin phpv php lut; tham gia bo v an ninh qucgia, trt t, an ton x hiv chp hnh

nhng quy tc sinh hot cng cng.

iu 47Mi ngi c ngha v npthu theo lutnh.

iu 48Ngi nc ngoi c tr Vit Nam phitun theo Hin php v php lut Vit Nam;c bo h tnh mng, ti sn v cc

quyn, li ch chnh ng theo php lutVit Nam.

iu 49Ngi nc ngoi u tranh v t do v clp dn tc, v ch ngha x hi, dn ch vho bnh hoc v s nghip khoa hc m b

bc hi th c Nh nc Cng ho x hich ngha Vit Nam xem xt cho c tr.

CHNG IIIKINH T,X HI, VN HA, GIO

serious offence.

Article 45

1. To protect the fatherland is the divine dutyand noble right of citizens2. Citizens must carry out military duties and

participate in the building of the wholepeoples national defense

Article 46Citizens have the duty to abide by theConstitution and law; to participate in the

protection of national security, order, social

safety and to comply with public activitiesrules.

Article 47Everyone has the duty to pay taxes as provide

by law.

Article 48Foreigners living in Vietnam must abide by th

constitution and Vietnamese law; their lives,properties and rights, legitimate interests areprotected according to Vietnamese law.

Article 49Foreigners who struggle for freedom andnational independence, for socialism,democracy and peace or are oppressed for thecause of science will be considered for asylum

by the state of the Socialist Republic of

Vietnam.

CHAPTER IIIECONOMY, SOCIETY, CULTURE,EDUCATION, SCIENCE, INDUSTRY


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DC,HOA HC, CNG NGH VMI TRNG

iu 50

Nc Cng ha x hi ch ngha Vit Namxy dng nn kinh t c lp, t ch, phthuy ni lc, hi nhp, hp tc quc t, gnkt cht ch vi pht trin vn ha, thchin tin b v cng bng x hi, bo v mitrng, thc hin cng nghip ha, hin iha t nc.

iu 51

1.Nn kinh t Vit Nam l nn kinh t thtrng nh hng x hi ch ngha vinhiu hnh thc s hu, nhiu thnh phnkinh t; kinh t nh nc gi vai tr cho.2. Cc thnh phn kinh t u l b phn cuthnh quan trng ca nn kinh t quc dn.Cc ch th thuc cc thnh phn kinh t

bnh ng, hp tc v cnh tranh theo php

lut.

3. Nh nc khuyn khch, to iu kin doanh nhn, doanh nghip v c nhn, tchc khc u t, sn xut, kinh doanh; phttrin bn vng cc ngnh kinh t, gp phnxy dng t nc. Ti sn hp php ca cnhn, t chc u t, sn xut, kinh doanhc php lut bo h v khng b quc huha.

iu 52Nh nc xy dng v hon thin th chkinh t, iu tit nn kinh t trn c s tntrng cc quy lut th trng; thc hin phncng, phn cp, phn quyn trong qun lnh nc; thc y lin kt kinh t vng,

AND ENVIRONMENT

Article 50The Socialist Republic of Vietnam builds aneconomy that is independent, self-reliant,

promoting internal strength, integrating,internationally cooperating, closely linked witcultural development, implementing social

progress and equality, protecting theenvironment, implementing industrializationand modernization of the nationArticle 511. Vietnams economy is a market economywith socialist orientations, with many forms oownership, many economic sectors: stateownership plays the leading role2. All economic sectors are importantconstituent parts of the national economy.Leading entities belonging to economic sectorare equal, cooperate and compete according tolaw.

3. The state encourages, fosters conditions forentrepreneurs, enterprises and individuals,other organizations, to invest, produ

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