phys acidbaseequilibria

KAI

10/11/2015

( )

Ka pH

2

Ka

I.

. Ka1.

H + 2

.. CH3COOH

2. 2

. 2

H(aq) + H2O(l) (aq) + H3O

+(aq)

. Ka

3

3a

[ ][H O ]K

[HA]

CH3COOH

a 25C

4

, , a.

5

:HF ClO

Ka Ka(HF) = 3.510

4 > Ka(HClO) = 2.9108

, HF HClO

:F ClO

F ClO F ClO HF HClO, ClO

F

:CH3COOH CN

Ka Ka(CH3COOH) = 1.810

5 > Ka(HCN) = 4.91010

, CH3COOH HCN

:CH3COO

CN

CH3COO CN CH3COOH

CN CH3COOH HCN, CN CH3COO

pH

B. pH

1. , [3+]

[3+] 2

(< 110-4 M)

2. , , [H3O+]

2, Ka

H(aq) + H2O(l) (aq) + H3O

+(aq)

6

pH HNO2 0.200 M 25C.

7

1.

2.

3. [H3O

+] 2 0

2 + 2 2 + 3

+

0.200 0 0

HNO2

pH HNO2 0.200 M 25C.

8

4. x()

5.

6. a

+

2 3a

2

3

[NO ][H O ] xxK

HNO 0.200 x

pH

[ ] x

2 + 2 2 + 3

+

0.200 0 0

x +x +x

0.200x x x

pH HNO2 0.200 M 25C.

Ka HNO2 = 4.6104

7. Ka 2

8.

- x [H2] [H2]- [H2] / Ka > 100 (

pH HNO2 0.200 M 25C.

9. , x

+ 2

2 3a

2

24

4 3

[NO ][H O ] xx xK

HNO 0.200 x 0.200

x4.6 10

0.200

x (4.6 10 )(0.200) x 9.6 10

Ka HNO2 = 4.6104

2 + 2 2 + 3

+

0.200 0 0

x +x +x

0.200x x x

0.200 x x

pH HNO2 0.200 M 25C.

11

10. x

+ 3

2 3

2

[NO ] [H O ] x 9.6 10 M

HNO 0.200

2 + 2 2 + 3

+

0.200 0 0

x +x +x

0.200 x x

0.200 9.6103 9.6103

Ka HNO2 = 4.6104

pH HNO2 0.200 M 25C.

12

11. [H3O

+] pH pH 3

3

3

3

[H O ] 9.6 10 M

pH log[H O ] log(9.6 10 ) 2.02

2 + 2 2 + 3

+

0.200 0 0

x +x +x

0.200 9.6103 9.6103

Ka HNO2 = 4.6104

pH HNO2 0.200 M 25C.

13

12. , Ka, a

, Ka(calc.) Ka

Ka HNO2 = 4.6104

3 342 3

a

2

[NO ][[H O ] (9.6 10 )(9.6 10 )4.6 10

[HNO ] 0.200K

2 + 2 2 + 3

+

0.200 0 0

x +x +x

0.200 9.6103 9.6103

(C642 Hnic) a = 1.4105.

pH 0.10 25oC.

14

(nic)

pH HClO2 0.100 M 25C.

15

1.

2.

3. [H3O

+] 2 0

Cl2 + 2 Cl2 + 3

+

0.200 0 0

HClO2

pH HClO2 0.100 M 25C.

16

4. x()

5.

6. a

+

2 3a

2

3

[ClO ][H O ] xxK

HClO 0.100 x

pH

[ ] x

Cl2 + 2 Cl2 + 3

+

0.100 0 0

x +x +x

0.100x x x

pH HClO2 0.100 M 25C.

17

Ka HClO2 = 1.11027.

Ka 2

8.

- x

[HCl2] [HCl2]- [HCl2] / Ka > 100 (

pH HClO2 0.100 M 25C.

18

9. , x( )

2 3a

2

22 2

2

3

[ClO ][H O ] xx

[HClO ] 0.100 x

x1.1 10 x 0.011x 0.0011 0

0.100 x

0.011 (0.011) 4(1)( 0.0011)x

2(1)

x 0.028 0.039

x [H O ] x 0.028 M

K

Ka HClO2 = 1.1102

Cl2 + 2 Cl2 + 3

+

0.100 0 0

x +x +x

0.100x x x

pH HClO2 0.100 M 25C.

19

10. x

+

2 3

2

[ClO ] [H O ] x 0.028 M

HClO 0.100 x 0.100 (0.028) 0.072 M

Cl2 + 2 Cl2 + 3

+

0.100 0 0

x +x +x

0.100x x x

0.072 0.028 0.028

Ka HClO2 = 1.1102

pH HClO2 0.100 M 25C.

20

11. [H3O

+] pH pH

3

3

[H O ] 0.028 M

pH log[H O ] log(0.028) 1.55

Cl2 + 2 Cl2 + 3

+

0.100 0 0

x +x +x

0.072 0.028 0.028

Ka HClO2 = 1.1102

pH HClO2 0.100 M 25C.

12. , Ka, a

, Ka(calc) Ka

Cl2 + 2 Cl2 + 3

+

0.100 0 0

x +x +x

0.072 0.028 0.028

22 3a

2

[ClO ][H O ] (0.028)(0.028)1.1 10

[HClO ] 0.072K

Ka HClO2 = 1.1102

pH 5.00 g 0.500 L 25oC. 0.325 g (C979 Hacs), a = 3.310

4.

22

(acs)

Ka

3. Ka pH []

. pH [3+]

. Ka

23

Ka , 0.100 M pH = 4.25.

24

1. pH [H3O

+]

2. 2

3.

4. [H3O

+]

+ + pH 4.25 5

3 3pH log[H O ] [H O ] 10 10 5.6 10 M

+ 2 + 3

+

0.100 0 0

5.6105

Ka , 0.100 M pH = 4.25.

25

5. [H3O

+]

6. [HA] [HA] ,

[HA] = [HA]

7. Ka Ka

5

+ 5 583

a

[HA] 0.100 5.6 10 0.100

[A ][H O ] (5.6 10 )(5.6 10 )K 3.1 10

[HA] 0.100

+ 2 + 3

+

0.100 0 0

5.6105 +5.6105 +5.6105

0.100

5.61055.6105 5.6105

0.100 5.6105 5.6105

Ka , 0.012 M pH = 3.39 25C.

26

.

1.

2. %

[] = molarity

[] = [3+]

3. ,

, < 4%

27

[ ][Molarity ]% 100%

[ Molarity ] [H]

HNO2 HNO2 2.5 M.

28

1.

2.

3. [H3O

+] 2 0

2 + 2 2 + 3

+

2.5 0 0

HNO2

HNO2 HNO2 2.5 M.

29

4. x()

5.

6. a

+

2 3a

2

2

[NO ][H O ] xxK

HNO 2.5 x

[ ] x

2 + 2 2 + 3

+

2.5 0 0

x +x +x

2.5x x x

HNO2 HNO2 2.5 M.

30

Ka HNO2 = 4.6104

7. Ka 2

8.

- x [H2] [H2]- [H2] / Ka > 100 (

HNO2 HNO2 2.5 M.

31

9. , x

+ 2

2 3a

2

24

4 2

[NO ][H O ] xx xK

HNO 2.5 x 2.5

x4.6 10

2.5

x (4.6 10 )(2.5) x 3.4 10

Ka HNO2 = 4.6104

2 + 2 2 + 3

+

2.5 0 0

x +x +x

2.5x x x

2.5 x x

HNO2 HNO2 2.5 M.

32

10. x

+ 2

2 3

2

[NO ] [H O ] x 3.4 10 M

HNO 2.5 M

2 + 2 2 + 3

+

2.5 0 0

x +x +x

2.5x x x

2.5 3.4102 3.4102

Ka HNO2 = 4.6104

HNO2 HNO2 2.5 M.

33

< 5%, x

Ka HNO2 = 4.6104

11. 2

22

2

[NO ] 3.4 10 100% 100% 1.4%

[HNO ] 2.5

2 + 2 2 + 3

+

2.5 0 0

x +x +x

2.5 3.4102 3.4102

0.010 25oC. (C642 Hnic) a = 1.410

5, .

34

(nic)

Ka [HA]

4. :

. Ka

Ka, [3+]

. []

[] ( ), [3

+]

..

2

H2(aq) 2(aq) + H+(aq)

2 , 2

H+

, Le Chtelier, 2

H+

35

[2] [3+] %

0.200 0.0096 4.8

2.5 0.034 1.4

. pH

1. +

n

2. , :

. 1

.. HCl

. 2

.. H2SO4

. 3

.. H3PO4

36

H2SO4

H3PO4

3.

4. ,

Ka

..

H2SO3(aq) H+(aq) + HSO3

(aq) Ka1 = 1.6102

HSO3(aq) H+(aq) + SO3

2(aq) Ka2 = 6.4108

5. Ka1 > Ka2 > Ka3

. 1 + , 2

+

. , + Ka

37

H2SO3

pH

6. n :

. 1 pH

H2(aq) H+(aq) + H(aq) Ka1

H(aq) H+(aq) + 2(aq) Ka2 Ka1 >> a2, 2

. 2 [A2-]

[A2-] = Ka2

39

pH 0.100 M 25C. ( C) (H2C6O6H6, 2asc) a1 = 8.010

5 a2 = 1.61012.

40

1.

2.

3. [H3O

+] 2 0

2asc + 2 asc + 3

+

0.100 0 0

pH H2asc 1 - a1 = 8.010

5 >> a2 = 1.61012

(2asc)

pH 0.100 M 25C. ( C) H2C6O6H6, 2asc) a1 = 8.010

5 a2 = 1.61012.

41

4. x()

5.

6. a

+

3a1

2

3

[Hasc ][H O ] xxK

H asc 0.100 x

pH

[ ] x

2asc + 2 asc + 3

+

0.100 0 0

x +x +x

0.100x x x

pH 0.100 M 25C. ( C) H2C6O6H6, 2asc) a1 = 8.010

5 a2 = 1.61012.

7. Ka 2

8.

- x

[H2asc] [H2asc]- [H2asc] / Ka > 100 (

pH 0.100 M 25C. ( C) H2C6O6H6, 2asc) a1 = 8.010

5 a2 = 1.61012.

9. , x

+ 2

3a1

2

25

5 3

[Hasc ][H O ] xx xK

H asc 0.100 x 0.100

x8.0 10

0.100

x (8.0 10 )(0.100) x 2.8 10

Ka1 H2asc = 8.0105

2asc + 2 asc + 3

+

0.100 0 0

x +x +x

0.100x x x

0.100 x x

pH 0.100 M 25C. ( C) H2C6O6H6, 2asc) a1 = 8.010

5 a2 = 1.61012.

44

10. x

+ 3

3

2

[Hasc ] [H O ] x 2.8 10 M

H asc 0.100

2asc + 2 asc + 3

+

0.100 0 0

x +x +x

0.100x x x

0.100 2.8103 2.8103

Ka1 H2asc = 8.0105

pH 0.100 M 25C. ( C) H2C6O6H6, 2asc) a1 = 8.010

5 a2 = 1.61012.

45

11. [H3O

+] pH pH 3

3

3

3

[H O ] 2.8 10 M

pH log[H O ] log(2.8 10 ) 2.55

2asc + 2 asc + 3

+

0.100 0 0

x +x +x

0.100 2.8103 2.8103

Ka1 H2asc = 8.0105

( C) (H2C6O6H6, 2asc) a1 = 8.010

5 a2 = 1.61012. asc2

H2asc 0.100 M 25C.

46

1. H2asc 2

2. Hasc 2

3. [Hasc] [H3O

+]

asc + 2 asc2 + 3

+

2.8103 0 2.8103

2asc + 2 asc + 3

+

0.100 2.8103 2.8103

(2asc), [asc2] 2 , [Hasc] [3

+] 1

:

( C) (H2C6O6H6, 2asc) a1 = 8.010

5 a2 = 1.61012. asc2

H2asc 0.100 M 25C.

47

4. x()

5.

6. a

2 + 3

3a 3

2

[asc ][H O ] (2.8 10 x)xK

[asc ] 2.8 10 x

[asc ]

x

asc + 2 asc2 + 3

+

2.8103 0 2.8103

x +x +x

2.8103x x 2.8103+x

Hasc 3

+

( C) (H2C6O6H6, 2asc) a1 = 8.010

5 a2 = 1.61012. asc2

H2asc 0.100 M 25C.

48

7. Ka2 2asc

8.

- x

- [Hasc] / Ka2> 100 (

( C) (H2C6O6H6, 2asc) a1 = 8.010

5 a2 = 1.61012. asc2

H2asc 0.100 M 25C.

49

2 + 3 3

3a2 3 3

12

[asc ][H O ] (2.8 10 x)x (2.8 10 )xK x

[asc ] 2.8 10 x 2.8 10

x 1.6 10

9. , x

asc + 2 asc2 + 3

+

2.8103 0 2.8103

x +x +x

2.8103x x 2.8103+x

2.8103 x 2.8103

Ka2 H2asc (asc) = 1.61012

( C) (H2C6O6H6, 2asc) a1 = 8.010

5 a2 = 1.61012. asc2

H2asc 0.100 M 25C.

50

10. x

2 12[asc ] x 1.6 10 M

asc + 2 asc2 + 3

+

2.8103 0 2.8103

x +x +x

2.8103x x 2.8103+x

2.8103 1.61012 2.8103

Ka2 H2asc (asc) = 1.61012

pH H2SO4

7. , pH H2SO4 2

. H2SO4 1

H2SO4(aq) H+(aq) + HSO4

(aq)

, [H2SO4] = [H3O+]

. HSO4

HSO4(aq) H+(aq) + SO4

2(aq) Ka 2 [3

+]

51

pH H2SO4 0.0100 M 25C.

52

2SO4 + 2 HSO4 + 3

+

0.0100 0 0

0 0.0100 0.0100

HSO4 + 2 SO4

+ 3+

0.0100 0 0.01000

HSO4

1. H2SO4( ) 2

2. HSO4

( ) 2

3. [HSO4

]

[H3O+]

[H2SO4]

H2SO4 1

pH H2SO4 0.0100 M 25oC.

53

4. x()

5.

6. a

2 +

4 3a

4

3

[SO ][H O ] x(0.0100 x)K

[SO ] 0.0100 x

pH

[ ] 0.0100 x

HSO4 + 2 SO4

2 + 3+

0.0100 0 0.01000

x +x +x

0.0100x x 0.0100+x

HSO4

3+

pH H2SO4 0.0100 M 25oC.

54

7. Ka2 2

8.

- x

- [HSO4] / Ka >

100 (

pH H2SO4 0.0100 M 25oC.

55

HSO4 + 2 SO4

2 + 3+

0.0100 0 0.01000

x +x +x

0.0100x x 0.0100+x9.

, x( )

2 +

4 3a

4

2

2

3

[SO ][H O ] (0.0100 x)xK

[SO ] 0.0100 x

(0.0100 x)x0.012 x 0.022x 0.00012 0

0.0100 x

0.022 (0.022) 4(1)( 0.00012)x

2(1)

x 0.0045 0.027

x [H O ] x 0.0045

Ka SO4 = 0.012

pH H2SO4 0.0100 M 25C.

56

10. x

56

2

4

+

3

4

[SO ] x 0.0045 M

[H O ] 0.0100 x 0.0145 M

[HSO ] 0.100 x 0.100 (0.0045) 0.0055 M

HSO4 + 2 SO4

2 + 3+

0.0100 0 0.01000

x +x +x

0.0100x x 0.0100+x

0.0055 0.0045 0.0145

Ka SO4 = 0.012

pH H2SO4 0.0100 M 25oC.

11. [H3O

+] pH pH 3

3

[H O ] 0.0145 M

pH log[H O ] log(0.0145) 1.839

HSO4 + 2 SO4

2 + 3+

0.0100 0 0.01000

x +x +x

0.0055 0.0045 0.0145

Ka SO4 = 0.012

pH H2SO4 0.0100 M 25oC.

58

12. , Ka, a

, Ka() Ka

2 +24 3

a

4

[SO ][H O ] (0.0045)(0.0145)K 1.2 10

[SO ] 0.0055

HSO4 + 2 SO4

2 + 3+

0.0100 0 0.01000

x +x +x

0.0055 0.0045 0.0145

Ka SO4 = 0.012

b pH

59

Kb

.

. Kb1.

: + 2

2. 2

. : 2

:(aq) + H2O(l) :+(aq) + O(aq)

. Kb

60

b

[: ][OH ]K

[:]

b 25C

61

pH

. pH

1. , []

[] 2

(< 110-4 M)

2. , , [] 2, Kb

:(aq) + H2O(l) :+(aq) + O(aq)

62

pH NH3 0.100 M 25C.

63

1.

2.

3. [] 2 0

3 + 2 4+ +

0.100 0 0

3

pH NH3 0.100 M 25C.

64

4. x()

5.

6. b

4

3

[N ][O ] xxK

N 0.100 x

pH

[ ] x

b

3 + 2 4+ +

0.100 0 0

x +x +x

0.100x x x

pH NH3 0.100 M 25C.

65

Kb N3 = 1.76105

7. Kb 3

8.

- x

[3] [3]- [3] / Kb > 100 (

pH NH3 0.100 M 25C.

66

9. , x

2

4

3

25

5 3

[N ][O ] xx xK

N 0.100 x 0.100

x1.76 10

0.100

x (1.76 10 )(0.100) x 1.33 10

b

3 + 2 4+ +

0.100 0 0

x +x +x

0.100x x x

0.100 x x

Kb N3 = 1.76105

pH NH3 0.100 M 25C.

67

10. x

3

4

3

[NH ] [OH ] x 1.33 10 M

NH 0.100

3 + 2 4+ +

0.100 0 0

x +x +x

0.100x x x

0.100 1.33103 1.33103

Kb N3 = 1.76105

pH NH3 0.100 M 25C.

68

11. [] w [H3O

+]

12. [H3O

+] pH

1412

w 3 3 3

12

3

1.00 10 [H O ][OH ] [H O ] 7.52 10

1.33 10

pH log[H O ] log(7.52 10 ) 11.124

K M

Kb N3 = 1.76105

3 + 2 4+ +

0.100 0 0

x +x +x

0.100 1.33103 1.33103

pH NH3 0.100 M 25C.

69

11. [OH-] pH pOH

12. pOH pH pH

3pOH log[OH ] log(1.33 10 ) 2.876

pH pOH 14.00 pH 14.000 2.876 11.124

Kb N3 = 1.76105

3 + 2 4+ +

0.100 0 0

x +x +x

0.100 1.33103 1.33103

pH NH3 0.100 M 25C.

70

Kb N3 = 1.76105

3 + 2 4+ +

0.100 0 0

x +x +x

0.100 1.33103 1.33103

13. , Kb, b

3 354

3

[N ][O ] (1.33 10 )(1.33 10 )K 1.77 10

N 0.100b

, Kb() Kb

, , (C17H19NO3, mor) Kb = 1.610

6. pH 0.0015 M 25C.

71

(mor)

.

.

1.

2.

.. NaCl

HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)

3. 2,

4. 2

2

73

.

1. , 3 A

. A ( )

.. Cl HCl

HCl

Cl(aq) + H2O(l) HCl(aq) + OH(aq)

- , Cl + 2

- Cl pH

. ( )

i. , +

ii. : .. H2PO4 HSO4

HSO4(aq) + H2O(l) SO4

2(aq) + 3+(aq)

74

. A ( )

i. .. F HF

HF

F(aq) + H2O(l) HF(aq) + OH(aq)

- , F + 2

- F ,

75

.

76

NO3 3

, 3 ,

NO2 2

, 2

CH3COO CH3COOH

, CH3COO

ClO4 Cl4

, ClO4 ,

Ka Kb

4. pH ,

5. , Kb

6. Ka

. Ka Kb

.

77

32 3

2

[A ][H O ]HA(aq) H O(l) A (aq) H O (aq) K

[HA]

[HA][OH ]A (aq) H O(l) HA(aq) OH (aq) K

[A ]

a

b

[A ]

K Ka b

3[H O ]

[HA]

[HA]

[OH ]

[A ]

3

14

w

[H O ][OH ] K K K K

1.0 10

w a b w

Ka Kb

. Ka , Kb

Kw = Kab

..

CH3COOH Ka = 1.8105

Kb , CH3COO,

78

1410

5

K 1.0 10K K K K 5.6 10

K 1.8 10w

a b w b

a

pH NaCHO2 0.100 M 25C.

79

Na+ NaOH () CHO2

CHO2 ()

1. 2

2.

3.

- [] 2 0

NaCHO2 CHO2 + Na+

0.0100 0 0

0 0.100 0.100

NaCHO2 2

CHO2 + 2 HCHO2 + OH

0.100 0 0


80

4. x()

5.

6. a

2b

2

[HCHO ][OH ] xxK

[HCHO ] 0.100 x

pH

[OH ] x

CHO2 + 2 HCHO2 + OH

0.100 0 0

x +x +x

0.100x x x


81

7. Ka CHO2 Kb CHO2

8.

- x [CHO2

] [CHO2

]

- [CHO2] / Kb >

100 (


82

9. , x

2

2b

2

211

11 6

[HCHO ][OH ] xx xK

[HCHO ] 0.100 x 0.100

x5.6 10

0.100

x (5.6 10 )(0.100) x 2.4 10

Kb CHO2 = 5.61011

CHO2 + 2 HCHO2 + OH

0.100 0 0

x +x +x

0.100x x x

0.100 x x


83

10. x

6

2

2

[CHO ] [ ] x 2.4 10 M

[CHO ] 0.100

CHO2 + 2 HCHO2 + OH

0.100 0 0

x +x +x

0.100 x x

0.100 2.4106 2.4106

Kb CHO2 = 5.61011


84

11. [] w [H3O

+]

12. [H3O

+] pH

149

w 3 3 3

9

3

1.00 10 [H O ][OH ] [H O ] 4.2 10 M

2.4 10

pH log[H O ] log(4.2 10 ) 8.38

K

CHO2 + 2 HCHO2 + OH

0.100 0 0

x +x +x

0.100 2.4106 2.4106

Kb CHO2 = 5.61011


86

CHO2 + 2 HCHO2 + OH

0.100 0 0

x +x +x

0.100 2.4106 2.4106

13. , Kb, b

6 6112

2

[HCHO ][O ] (2.4 10 )(2.4 10 )K 5.8 10

[CHO ] 0.100b

, Kb() Kb

Kb CHO2 = 5.61011

, HC7H5O2, . pH NaC7H5O2 0.015 M 25C, Ka 6.310

5.

87

.

1. , 3

. n+, = 1 2 , , ( )

.. K+ Ca2+ OH Ca(OH)2- , + Ca2+ 2

-

- , 2,

- pH

88

. n+ ( )

i. .. Fe3+ Al3+

- 2 -

- ,

( )/( )

- , H2O , , + , 2

- , 2 ()

.. Al(H2O)63+(aq) + H2O(l) Al(H2O)5(OH)

2+ (aq) + H3O+(aq)

- 3+,

89

. H:+ :B ( )

i. .. NH4+, 3

3 ,

4+(aq) + H2O(l) 3(aq) + 3

+(aq)

- , 4+ + 2

- 3+,

ii. pH

Ka :+ Kb :

Kw = Kab

90

.

91

Na+ 1 , NaOH

, Na+

Ca2+ 2 , Ca(OH)2, Ca2+

Cr3+

, Cr3+

C5H5NH+

(C5H5N:

)

C5H5N ()

, C5H5N+

pH

. pH

1. , ,

2. ,

.. NaCl, Ca(NO3)2, KBr

3. ,

.. NaF, Ca(CH3COO)2, NO2

4. ,

.. FeCl3, Al(NO3)3, 4Cl

92

pH

5. ,

. .. FeF3, Al(CH3COO)3, NH4CN

.

. Ka() Kb()

i. pH

ii. Ka > Kb,

iii. Ka < Kb,

.. 4CN:

CN(aq) + H2O(l) HCN(aq) + OH(aq) Kb(CN

)

4+(aq) + H2O(l) 3(aq) + 3

+(aq) Ka(4+)

Ka(4+) < Kb(CN

) CN

93

, .

94

SrCl2 - Sr2+ Sr(OH)2

- Cl HCl - ,

Zn(NO3)2 - Zn2+

- NO3

HNO3 - ,

C5H5NHCl

(C5H5N:

)

- C5H5NH+ C5H5N

()

- Cl HCl

- ,

NaCHO2 - Na+ NaOH

- CHO2 HCHO2

- ,

, .

95

NH4F - NH4+ NH3

- F HF

- a(NH4

+) Kb(F)

Kb(NH3) Ka(HF) , KaKb = Kw

, Ka(NH4+) > Kb(F),

14+ 10

4 5

3

1411

4

K 1.0 10K (NH ) 5.6 10

K (NH ) 1.7 10

K 1.0 10K (F ) 2.9 10

K (HF) 3.5 10

wa

b

wb

b

phys acidbaseequilibria

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