polyatomic ions

Polyatomic IonsPolyatomic Ions

Many ionic compounds are not binary Many ionic compounds are not binary because one or both ions contain because one or both ions contain atoms of more than one element. atoms of more than one element.

These These polyatomic ions consist of two polyatomic ions consist of two or more different non-metal atoms, or more different non-metal atoms,

which are joined by covalent bondswhich are joined by covalent bonds. . There is only one common There is only one common

polyatomic cation: the ammonium polyatomic cation: the ammonium ion, NHion, NH44

++.. There are many There are many polyatomic anions. polyatomic anions. Except for the Except for the

hydroxide ion, the names of thehydroxide ion, the names of the

anions end inanions end in

““-ate-ate””

instead of “ide”.instead of “ide”. Writing formulas is Writing formulas is also the same, except that you have to also the same, except that you have to

add parentheses when the formula add parentheses when the formula requires more than one polyatomic requires more than one polyatomic

ionion..

Common polyatomic ions.Common polyatomic ions.

Name (ion)Name (ion) Chemical FormulaChemical Formula

ammoniumammonium

hydroxidehydroxide

carbonatecarbonate

nitratenitrate

sulfatesulfate

hydrogen carbonatehydrogen carbonate

hydrogen sulfatehydrogen sulfate

phosphate phosphate


ammoniumammonium NHNH44++

hydroxidehydroxide

carbonatecarbonate

nitratenitrate

sulfatesulfate



phosphate phosphate



hydroxidehydroxide OHOH--

carbonatecarbonate

nitratenitrate

sulfatesulfate



phosphate phosphate




carbonatecarbonate COCO332-2-

nitratenitrate

sulfatesulfate



phosphate phosphate





nitratenitrate NONO33--

sulfatesulfate



phosphate phosphate






sulfatesulfate SOSO442-2-



phosphate phosphate







hydrogen carbonatehydrogen carbonate HCOHCO33--


phosphate phosphate








hydrogen sulfatehydrogen sulfate HSOHSO44--

phosphate phosphate








hydrogen sulfatehydrogen sulfate HSOHSO44--

phosphate phosphate POPO443-3-

Write the formulas of the following:

ammonium ammonium sulfidesulfide

CuCOCuCO33



NHNH44+ + SS2-2-

CuCOCuCO33



NHNH44+ + SS2-2- (NH(NH44))22SS

CuCOCuCO33



NHNH44+ + SS2-2- (NH(NH44))22SS

CuCu2+ 2+ COCO2-2- CuCOCuCO33



NHNH44+ + SS2-2- (NH(NH44))22SS

copper(II) copper(II) carbonatecarbonate




NHNH44+ + SS2-2- (NH(NH44))22SS


oror




NHNH44+ + SS2-2- (NH(NH44))22SS


oror

cupric cupric carbonatecarbonate


Binary Molecular CompoundsBinary Molecular Compounds

Binary molecular compounds consist of Binary molecular compounds consist of covalent bonds between atoms of covalent bonds between atoms of

two different non-metals.two different non-metals.1.1. The name of a binary molecular The name of a binary molecular compound ends in “ide”, just like the compound ends in “ide”, just like the

came of a binary ionic compound.came of a binary ionic compound.2.2. The name and the formula usually The name and the formula usually

begin with the element that is more to begin with the element that is more to the the left left on the periodic table.on the periodic table.

3. In the name, use a prefix to specify 3. In the name, use a prefix to specify the number of atoms of each element the number of atoms of each element that are present in a molecule. Some that are present in a molecule. Some

prefixes, and the numbers they prefixes, and the numbers they represent, are in the table below.represent, are in the table below.

Number it Number it representsrepresents

PrefixPrefix

11

22

33

44

55

66


PrefixPrefix

11 monomono

22

33

44

55

66


PrefixPrefix

11 monomono

22 didi

33

44

55

66


PrefixPrefix

11 monomono

22 didi

33 tritri

44

55

66


PrefixPrefix

11 monomono

22 didi

33 tritri

44 tetratetra

55

66


PrefixPrefix

11 monomono

22 didi

33 tritri

44 tetratetra

55 pentapenta

66


PrefixPrefix

11 monomono

22 didi

33 tritri

44 tetratetra

55 pentapenta

66 hexahexa

Naming the Oxides of NitrogenNaming the Oxides of Nitrogen

FormulaFormula Systematic Systematic NameName

Common NameCommon Name

NONO

NN22OO

NONO22

NN22OO33

NN22OO44

NN22OO55



NONO nitrogen monoxidenitrogen monoxide

NN22OO

NONO22

NN22OO33

NN22OO44

NN22OO55



NONO nitrogen monoxidenitrogen monoxide nitric oxidenitric oxide

NN22OO

NONO22

NN22OO33

NN22OO44

NN22OO55




NN22OOdinitrogen dinitrogen monoxidemonoxide

NONO22

NN22OO33

NN22OO44

NN22OO55





nitrous oxidenitrous oxide

NONO22

NN22OO33

NN22OO44

NN22OO55






NONO22nitrogen dioxidenitrogen dioxide

NN22OO33

NN22OO44

NN22OO55






NONO22nitrogen dioxidenitrogen dioxide nonenone

NN22OO33

NN22OO44

NN22OO55







NN22OO33dinitrogen trioxidedinitrogen trioxide

NN22OO44

NN22OO55







NN22OO33dinitrogen trioxidedinitrogen trioxide nonenone

NN22OO44

NN22OO55








NN22OO44dinitrogen tetroxidedinitrogen tetroxide

NN22OO55








NN22OO44dinitrogen tetroxidedinitrogen tetroxide nonenone

NN22OO55









NN22OO55dinitrogen dinitrogen pentoxidepentoxide









NN22OO55dinitrogen dinitrogen pentoxidepentoxide

nonenone

Write the correct name for each of the Write the correct name for each of the following.following.

BaClBaCl22

LiBrLiBr

NaNa22SS

RbRb22OO

GaFGaF33

BaClBaCl22 barium chloridebarium chloride

LiBrLiBr

NaNa22SS

RbRb22OO

GaFGaF33


LiBrLiBr lithium bromidelithium bromide

NaNa22SS

RbRb22OO

GaFGaF33



NaNa22SS sodium sulfidesodium sulfide

RbRb22OO

GaFGaF33




RbRb22OO rubidium oxiderubidium oxide

GaFGaF33




RbRb22OO rubidium oxiderubidium oxide

GaFGaF33 gallium fluoridegallium fluoride

AlAl33SS22

AgIAgI

MgSMgS

SOSO22

NaBrNaBr

AlAl33SS22 aluminum sulfidealuminum sulfide

AgIAgI

MgSMgS

SOSO22

NaBrNaBr


AgIAgI silver(I) iodidesilver(I) iodide

MgSMgS

SOSO22

NaBrNaBr



MgSMgS magnesium sulfidemagnesium sulfide

SOSO22

NaBrNaBr




SOSO22 sulfur dioxidesulfur dioxide

NaBrNaBr




SOSO22 sulfur dioxidesulfur dioxide

NaBrNaBr sodium bromidesodium bromide

Sn(SOSn(SO44))22

CuCu22SS

NaOHNaOH

CuSOCuSO44

Sn(SOSn(SO44))22SnSn2+2+ (SO (SO44))22

--

CuCu22SS

NaOHNaOH

CuSOCuSO44

Sn(SOSn(SO44))22SnSn2+2+(SO(SO44))22

- - SnSn4+4+(SO(SO44))222- 2-

CuCu22SS

NaOHNaOH

CuSOCuSO44


- - SnSn4+4+(SO(SO44))222- 2-

tin(IV) sulfatetin(IV) sulfate

CuCu22SS

NaOHNaOH

CuSOCuSO44


- - SnSn4+4+(SO(SO44))222- 2-


CuCu22SS CuCu22++

SS2-2-

NaOHNaOH

CuSOCuSO44


- - SnSn4+4+(SO(SO44))222- 2-


CuCu22SS CuCu22++

SS2-2-

copper(1) sulfidecopper(1) sulfide

NaOHNaOH

CuSOCuSO44


- - SnSn4+4+(SO(SO44))222- 2-


CuCu22SS CuCu22++

SS2-2-


or cuprous sulfideor cuprous sulfide

NaOHNaOH

CuSOCuSO44


- - SnSn4+4+(SO(SO44))222- 2-


CuCu22SS CuCu22++

SS2-2-



NaOHNaOH sodium sodium hydroxidehydroxide

CuSOCuSO44


- - SnSn4+4+(SO(SO44))222- 2-


CuCu22SS CuCu22++

SS2-2-




CuSOCuSO44CuCu++ SO SO44

--


- - SnSn4+4+(SO(SO44))222- 2-


CuCu22SS CuCu22++

SS2-2-





-- CuCu2+2+ SO SO442-2-


- - SnSn4+4+(SO(SO44))222- 2-


CuCu22SS CuCu22++

SS2-2-





-- CuCu2+2+ SO SO442-2-

copper(II) sulfatecopper(II) sulfate


- - SnSn4+4+(SO(SO44))222- 2-


CuCu22SS CuCu22++

SS2-2-





-- CuCu2+2+ SO SO442-2-

copper(II) sulfatecopper(II) sulfate

or cupric sulfateor cupric sulfate

Fe(NOFe(NO33))22

PClPCl55

CuCu22SOSO44

Pb(NOPb(NO33))22

Fe(NOFe(NO33))22 FeFe2+ 2+ NONO331-1-

PClPCl55

CuCu22SOSO44

Pb(NOPb(NO33))22


iron(II) nitrateiron(II) nitrate

PClPCl55

CuCu22SOSO44

Pb(NOPb(NO33))22



PClPCl55 phosphorus phosphorus pentachloridepentachloride

CuCu22SOSO44

Pb(NOPb(NO33))22




CuCu22SOSO44 CuCu1+ 1+ SOSO442-2-

Pb(NOPb(NO33))22





copper(I) sulfatecopper(I) sulfate

Pb(NOPb(NO33))22






Pb(NOPb(NO33))22 PbPb2+ 2+ NONO331-1-







lead(II) nitratelead(II) nitrate

MoClMoCl55

NINI33

Mg(HSOMg(HSO44))22

NaNa33POPO44

MoClMoCl55 MoMo5+ 5+ ClCl1-1-

NINI33

Mg(HSOMg(HSO44))22

NaNa33POPO44


molybdenum(V) molybdenum(V) chloridechloride

NINI33

Mg(HSOMg(HSO44))22

NaNa33POPO44



NINI33 nitrogen nitrogen triodidetriodide

Mg(HSOMg(HSO44))22

NaNa33POPO44




Mg(HSOMg(HSO44))22magnesium magnesium


NaNa33POPO44




Mg(HSOMg(HSO44))22magnesium magnesium


NaNa33POPO44 sodium sodium phosphatephosphate

Ca(HCOCa(HCO33))22

Pb(NOPb(NO33))22

(NH(NH44))22SS

Fe(OH)Fe(OH)33

Ca(HCOCa(HCO33))22calcium hydrogen calcium hydrogen

carbonatecarbonate

Pb(NOPb(NO33))22

(NH(NH44))22SS

Fe(OH)Fe(OH)33


carbonatecarbonate


(NH(NH44))22SS

Fe(OH)Fe(OH)33


carbonatecarbonate



(NH(NH44))22SS

Fe(OH)Fe(OH)33


carbonatecarbonate



(NH(NH44))22SS ammonium ammonium sulfidesulfide

Fe(OH)Fe(OH)33


carbonatecarbonate




Fe(OH)Fe(OH)33 FeFe3+ 3+ OHOH1-1-


carbonatecarbonate




Fe(OH)Fe(OH)33 FeFe3+ 3+ OHOH1-1-

iron(III) hydroxideiron(III) hydroxide

NHNH44NONO33

NHNH44NONO33 ammonium ammonium nitratenitrate

Write the correct chemical Write the correct chemical formula for each of the formula for each of the

following.following.

magnesium magnesium chloridechloride

sodium fluoridesodium fluoride

beryllium oxideberyllium oxide

calcium nitridecalcium nitride


MgMg2+ 2+ ClCl1-1-





MgMg2+ 2+ ClCl1-1-

MgClMgCl22





MgMg2+ 2+ ClCl1-1-

MgClMgCl22

sodium fluoridesodium fluoride NaNa1+ 1+ FF1-1-




MgMg2+ 2+ ClCl1-1-

MgClMgCl22


NaFNaF




MgMg2+ 2+ ClCl1-1-

MgClMgCl22


NaFNaF

beryllium oxideberyllium oxide BeBe2+ 2+ OO2- 2- BeBe22OO22



MgMg2+ 2+ ClCl1-1-

MgClMgCl22


NaFNaF


BeOBeO



MgMg2+ 2+ ClCl1-1-

MgClMgCl22


NaFNaF


BeOBeO

calcium nitridecalcium nitride CaCa2+ 2+ NN3-3-


MgMg2+ 2+ ClCl1-1-

MgClMgCl22


NaFNaF


BeOBeO

calcium nitridecalcium nitride CaCa2+ 2+ NN3-3-

CaCa33NN22

strontium strontium phosphidephosphide

aluminum sulfidealuminum sulfide

chromium(II) chromium(II) oxideoxide

silver(I) chloridesilver(I) chloride


SrSr2+ 2+ PP3-3-





SrSr2+ 2+ PP3-3-

SrSr33PP22





SrSr2+ 2+ PP3-3-

SrSr33PP22

aluminum sulfidealuminum sulfide AlAl3+ 3+ SS2-2-




SrSr2+ 2+ PP3-3-

SrSr33PP22


AlAl22SS33




SrSr2+ 2+ PP3-3-

SrSr33PP22


AlAl22SS33


CrCr2+ 2+ OO2-2-



SrSr2+ 2+ PP3-3-

SrSr33PP22


AlAl22SS33


CrCr2+ 2+ OO2-2-

CrOCrO



SrSr2+ 2+ PP3-3-

SrSr33PP22


AlAl22SS33


CrCr2+ 2+ OO2-2-

CrOCrO

silver(I) chloridesilver(I) chloride AgAg1+ 1+ ClCl1-1-


SrSr2+ 2+ PP3-3-

SrSr33PP22


AlAl22SS33


CrCr2+ 2+ OO2-2-

CrOCrO

silver(I) chloridesilver(I) chloride AgAg1+ 1+ ClCl1-1-

AgClAgCl

zinc(II) sulphatezinc(II) sulphate

barium hydrogen barium hydrogen carbonatecarbonate

gold(III) nitrategold(III) nitrate

trinitrogen trinitrogen tetraoxidetetraoxide

zinc(II) sulphatezinc(II) sulphate ZnZn2+ 2+ SOSO442-2-





ZnSOZnSO44





ZnSOZnSO44


BaBa2+ 2+ HCOHCO331-1-




ZnSOZnSO44



Ba(Ba( HCOHCO33))22




ZnSOZnSO44



Ba(Ba( HCOHCO33))22

gold(III) nitrategold(III) nitrate AuAu3+ 3+ NONO331-1-



ZnSOZnSO44



Ba(Ba( HCOHCO33))22


Au(NOAu(NO33))33



ZnSOZnSO44



Ba(Ba( HCOHCO33))22


Au(NOAu(NO33))33


NN33OO44

pentanitrogen pentanitrogen hexoxidehexoxide

cupric iodidecupric iodide

strontium fluoridestrontium fluoride

barium phosphatebarium phosphate


NN55OO66

cupric iodidecupric iodide




NN55OO66

cupric iodidecupric iodide CuCu2+2+ I I1-1-




NN55OO66


CuICuI22




NN55OO66


CuICuI22

strontium fluoridestrontium fluoride SrSr2+ 2+ FF1-1-



NN55OO66


CuICuI22


SrFSrF22



NN55OO66


CuICuI22


SrFSrF22

barium phosphatebarium phosphate BaBa2+ 2+ POPO443-3-


NN55OO66


CuICuI22


SrFSrF22

barium phosphatebarium phosphate BaBa2+ 2+ POPO443-3-

BaBa33(PO(PO44))22

sulfur trioxidesulfur trioxide

sodium oxidesodium oxide

carbon trioxidecarbon trioxide

aluminum sulphidealuminum sulphide

sulfur trioxidesulfur trioxide SOSO33

sodium oxidesodium oxide




sodium oxidesodium oxide NaNa1+ 1+ OO2-2-





NaNa22OO





NaNa22OO

carbon trioxidecarbon trioxide COCO33




NaNa22OO


aluminum sulphidealuminum sulphide AlAl3+ 3+ SS2-2-



NaNa22OO


aluminum sulphidealuminum sulphide AlAl3+ 3+ SS2-2-

AlAl22SS33

calcium hydroxidecalcium hydroxide

aluminum aluminum carbonatecarbonate

iron(III) oxideiron(III) oxide

copper(I) sulfidecopper(I) sulfide

calcium hydroxidecalcium hydroxide CaCa2+ 2+ OHOH1-1-





Ca(OH)Ca(OH)22





Ca(OH)Ca(OH)22


AlAl3+ 3+ COCO332-2-




Ca(OH)Ca(OH)22



AlAl22COCO33




Ca(OH)Ca(OH)22



AlAl22COCO33

iron(III) oxideiron(III) oxide FeFe3+ 3+ OO2-2-



Ca(OH)Ca(OH)22



AlAl22COCO33


FeFe22OO33



Ca(OH)Ca(OH)22



AlAl22COCO33


FeFe22OO33

copper(I) sulfidecopper(I) sulfide CuCu1+ 1+ SS2-2-


Ca(OH)Ca(OH)22



AlAl22COCO33


FeFe22OO33

copper(I) sulfidecopper(I) sulfide CuCu1+ 1+ SS2-2-

CuCu22SS

The End

polyatomic ions

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