Positivism [|]: positivism 1950 ""[55]:1. ;2. axiomatization, ;3. ; untestable teleological positivism 4. ;5. ;6. ;7. ;8. ;9. 10. Positivism ""[56]Positivism reductionism " ... "[56] ""[56] ""[56] " . "[56] positivist[46][47] " [ ]

Empiricism . [1] , rationalism , historicism , ; [2] empiricists () [3] . , .

criticism 1970 '' () ; Mechanism (philosophy)

Relativism ? 1) 2) 2) 3) 3)

realist realist antirealist antirealist realist

Reductionism N. "" (Greedy reductionism) Skepticism