ppt ishihara
TRANSCRIPT
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BackgroundMost cases of colour vision deficiency are characterised by a red-green deficiency which can beclassed into two types;1.a protan type which may be absolute (protanopia) or partial (protanomalia)2.a deutan type which may be absolue (deuteranopia) or partial (deuteranomalia)•.In protanopia the visible range of the spectrum is shorter at the red end compared with that of the
normal, and that part of the spectrum that appears blue-green in the normal appears to those withprotanopia as grey.
•.In deuteranopia the part of the spectrum that appears to the normal as green appears as grey.Purple-red (the complimentary colour of green) also appears as grey.•.In protanomalia and deuteranomalia, no part of the spectrum appears as grey, however the part ofthe spectrum that appears to those with protanopia as grey will appear as a greyish indistinct colourto those with protanomalia and similarily, the part of the spectrum which appears grey to those with
deuteranopia will appear as an indistinct greyish colour to those with deuteranomalia. s a result of this red-green colour vision deficiencies show blue and yellow colours clearer than redand green colours.•.!hose who suffer from typical total colour blindness show a complete failure to discriminate anycolour variations, usually associated with impairment of central vision with photophobia andnystagmus.•."ith atypical total colour blindness, the sensitivity to red and green, as well as to yellow and blue isso low that only very clear colours may be perceived. !here are, however, no further abnormalities in
the visual functions.Images obtained from:
Tests for Colour Blindnessby
Dr. Shinobu IshiharaProfessor Emeritus of the University of Tokyo
anehara Shu!!an Co." #td Tokyo" yoto $%&'()
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Plate 1
Both normal and those with all
colour vision deficiencies
should read the number 12.
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Plate 2
Those with normal colour vision
should read the number 8.
Those with red-green colour
vision deficiencies should readthe number 3.
Total colour blindness should
not be able to read any numeral.
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Plate 3
ormal vision should read the number 2!.
"ed-green deficiencies should read thenumber #$.
Total colour blindness should not read any
numeral
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Plate %ormal colour vision should read the number &.
"ed-'reen colour deficiencies should read thenumber 2.
Total colour blindness should not be able
toread any numeral.
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Plate #
ormal colour vision should read the
number 3.
"ed-'reen deficiencies should read the
number &.
Total colour blindness should not be able
to read any numeral.
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Plate $ormal colour vision should read the number
1&.
"ed-'reen deficiencies should read the
number 1#.
Total colour blindness should not be able to
read any numeral.
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Plate %
ormal colour vision should read
the number #%.
"ed-'reen colour deficiencies
should read the number 21.Total colour blindness should not
be able to read any numeral.
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Plate &
ormal colour vision should read the number
(.
The ma)ority of those with colour visiondeficiencies cannot read this number or will
read it incorrectly.
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Plate '
ormal colour vision should read the
number %&.
The ma)ority of those with colour visiondeficiencies cannot read this number or
will read it incorrectly.
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Plate
ormal colour vision should read thenumber #.
Those with colour vision deficiencies
will not read this number or read it
incorrectly.
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Plate *
ormal colour vision should read thenumber 1(.
Those with colour vision deficiencies
will not read this number or read it
incorrectly.
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Plate +
ormal colour vision will read the number#3.
Those with colour vision deficiencies should
nor be able to read this number or will read it
incorrectly.
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Plate
ormal colour vision and those withtotal colour blindness should not be
able to read any number.
The ma)ority of those with red-green
deficiencies should read the number &.
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Plate #
ormal colour vision and those with
total colour blindness should not beable to read any number.
The ma)ority of those with red-green
deficiencies should read the number
%&.
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Plate $
ormal colour vision should read the number
2(.
*n +rotano+ia and strong +rotanomalia the
number ( is read and in mild +rotanomalia
both numerals are read but the number ( is
clearer than the number 2.
*n deuterano+ia and strong deuteranomalia
only the number 2 is read and in mild
deuteranomalia both the number 2 is clearerthan the number (.
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Plate %
ormal colour vision should read the number
%2.
*n +rotano+ia and strong +rotanomalia the
number 2 is read and in mild +rotanomalia both
numerals are read but the number 2 is clearer
than the number %.
*n deuterano+ia and strong deuteranomalia only
the number % is read and in mild deuteranomalia
both the number % is clearer than the number 2.
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Plate &
The normal should trace along the
+ur+le and red lines between the two
,s.
*n +rotano+ia and strong +rotanomalia
only the +ur+le line is traced and in
mild +rotanomalia both lines can be
traced but the +ur+le line is easier to
follow.
*n deuterano+ia and strong
deuteranomalia only the red line is
traced and in mild deuteranomalia both
lines are traced but the red line is
easier to follow.
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Plate '
The ma)ority of those with red-
green colour blindness can tracethe winding line between the two
,s.
The ma)ority of those with normal
and total colour blindness are
unable to follow the line.
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Plate *
ormal will trace the blue-green line
between the two ,s.
The ma)ority of those with colour vision
deficiencies will be unable to follow the
line or will follow a line different to the
normal one.
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Plate *
ormal will trace the orange line
between the two ,s.
The ma)ority of those with colour visiondeficiencies will be unable to follow the
line or will follow a line different to the
normal one.
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Plate **
ormal should trace the line
connecting the blue-green and
the yellow-green.
Those with red-green
deficiencies trace the line
connecting the blue-green and
+ur+le.
Those with total colour
blindness cannot trace any
line.
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Plate *+
ormal should trace the line connecting
the +ur+le and the orange between the two
,s."ed-green deficiencies should trace the
line connecting the +ur+le and the blue-
green.
Total colour blindness and weakness
cannot trace any line.
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Plate *
Both normal and those with colourvision deficiencies can trace the
winding line between the two ,s.