MECHANICAL EQUIPMENTS OF BUILDING(Vertical Transportation)ELEVATORS hoisting mechanism Two Types: Electric & HydraulicElectric E. tall buildings/DC motor operatedHydraulic E. plunger (antennaeic/movable rod)ELEVATOR TRACTION MACHINES1. Gearless spun and worm2. Geared gear and wormElectric E. : cableHydraulic E: plunger

ELECTRIC E. MAJOR PARTSCar/Cab load carrying unitCable rope; 4 - 6 in no.Drive machine power unitCounterweights balances the weight/40% of capacity loadGuide Rail - bracketShaft/Hoistway hatchway/hatchPenthouse machine room above hoistwayElevator Pit from sill level of the lowest landingControl Equipment electrical panel

ELECTRIC E. OTHER PARTSControl Panel electrical panel; controllerMotor Generators (Motor Control);Generator Field Control governs acceleration, speed, retardation, stopping of elevatorGuide ShoesCompensating Chain welded-link chain for hoist rope weight compensationBuffer stops descending car or counterweights beyond normal limit of travelGovernor mechanical speed control mechanismSecondary Sheave pulley on a gearless machineSafety large clamp; anchors the car to the building Limit SwitchesOperating Device

Machine room-less elevatorAn independent machine roomis not required any more whenchoosing machine room-lesselevator solutions. Thepermanent magnetsynchronous gearless drive unitis installed inside of the shaft,so that the space of traditionalmachine rooms is obviated andthe costs for buildingconstructionare consequentlyreduced. In addition this makesthe architectural design moreflexible and adaptable.

Buffer

HYDRAULIC E. MAJOR PARTSCar/CabPlunger inside movable part of a hydraulic jackSpring Buffer elev. w/ speed less than 200 fpmGuide Shoes guide the car alongthe guide railsGuide RailsShaft/HoistwayElevator Machine RoomElevator PitControl System

HYDRAULIC E. OTHER PARTSFloor Stop and Limit SwitchCreepage and Leveling Car SwitchCar Gate SwitchGate ValveControllerMotor & Pump with Tank

Dumbwaiter

Electric hydraulic or electric cableCapacity up to 500 lbsPlatform up to 9 square feetPower any/3/60 or 220/1/60Self-Maintained controls, call & sendOptions & AccessoriesStainless steel cabCab in use lightMinimum frame constructions (frame requires anchoring) utilizes less floor spaceChoice of colors, enamel paintSafety FeaturesFalling platform safety deviceSide thrust rollersOvertravel safety stopsSlack cable limit switch (cable unit)

Freight ElevatorCargo lift

ESCALATORThe angle of inclination of an escalator shall not exceed 30 from the horizontal (NBC Sec.1302)32 wide 90/min. (normal)48 wide 120/min. (rush hours)MAJOR PARTS1. TRUSS welded steel frame2. SPROCKET ASSEMBLIES3. DRIVING MACHINES4. BALLUSTRADE ASSEMBLY5. HANDRAILS6. ENDLESS BELT

ESCALATORMAJOR PARTS1. TRUSS welded steel frame2. SPROCKET ASSEMBLIES3. DRIVING MACHINES4. BALLUSTRADE ASSEMBLY5. HANDRAILS6. ENDLESS BELT

ESCALATOROTHER PARTS1. Tracks2. Emergency Brake3. Controller4. Emergency Stop Button5. Key Operated Control Switches

Brushes are pitched downward to discourage the retention of liquids and other contaminants along the brush surface.

ESCALATOR

ARRANGEMENT1. Crisscross2. Parallel

ESCALATOR

ARRANGEMENT1. Crisscross2. Parallel

Moving walk/ramp

Moving walk/ramp

Moving walk/ramp

Heating, Ventilating & Air Conditioning(HVAC) process of treating air to control its temperature TYPES OF AC:WACU thru the wallSplit Type (Condenser & Evaporator)Centralized (Ducting/Mechanical Room)

Heating, Ventilating & Air Conditioning(HVAC) process of treating air to control its temperature TYPES OF AC:WACU thru the wall

Heating, Ventilating & Air Conditioning(HVAC) process of treating air to control its temperature TYPES OF AC:Split Type (Condenser & Evaporator)

Heating, Ventilating & Air Conditioning(HVAC) process of treating air to control its temperature TYPES OF AC:Split Type (Condenser & Evaporator)

Heating, Ventilating & Air Conditioning(HVAC) process of treating air to control its temperature TYPES OF AC:Split Type (Condenser & Evaporator)

Heating, Ventilating & Air Conditioning(HVAC) process of treating air to control its temperature Variable Air Volume

A simple VAV System includes the following:Central air handler with variable-volume supply fan, a cooling coil, possibly a heat coil controls, filters, a mixing box, and a return or relief fanSupply ductVAV "box," with a thermostat and supply diffusers for each independently controlled spaceThermostat and unit controllerReturn plenum or duct

VAVAll-air systems fall into two general categories - constant volume and variable air volume (VAV). Constant air volume systems accomplish cooling and heating by varying the supply air temperature and keeping the air volume constant.VAV systems keep the air temperature constant and vary the air supply volume. VAV systems are easy to control, are energy efficient, and allow fairly good room control. A drawback is possible poor ventilation under low load conditions, and humidity control is difficult under widely varying latent loads.

CAVA Continuous Air Volume system uses fans and ducts to distribute air through a large volume of space. Return ducts then send used air back to the fans and heaters for reconditioning. As the name implies, this type of system is great for large, continuous spaces, rather than smaller, divided buildings. One key point of a CAV is that the temperature and air quality can be precisely controlled. This is important for hospitals or laboratories.CAV systems include using aconstant air volume reheat system, a multi-zone system, and a furnace.

Ductwork is kept to a minimum here, and as we all know, there is never enough room for ductwork anyway.

CAV

CAV The multi-zone system (shown above) separates spaces somewhat like a Variable Air Volume, or VAV, system. The main large space is controlled exactly like a normal CAV, but the smaller areas can have their own thermostat and ducting from the fan.

CAV The multi-zone system (shown above) separates spaces somewhat like a Variable Air Volume, or VAV, system. The main large space is controlled exactly like a normal CAV, but the smaller areas can have their own thermostat and ducting from the fan.

Toners AC

Cooling Tower/CAC

AHU

FCU

Air Curtain

Fire Code of the Philippines (PD1185)Div. 1 5) Outlets. Every standpipes shall be equipped with a sixty four (64) millimeter outlet not less than sixty one (61) centimeter not more than one hundred twenty two (122) centimeters above the floor level of each story.2) Size. The size of the standpipes shall not be less than sixty four (64) millimeters in diameter when the height of the riser is fifteen (15) meters or more above the source and shall not be less than fifty one (51) millimeters in diameter when the height of the riser is less than fifteen (15) meters above the source.

Fire Code of the Philippines (PD1185)4) Water Supply. The wet standpipe shall deliver not less than one hundred thirty two (132) liters of water per minute and not less than one and eight-tenths (1.8) kilos.5) Outlets. Each standpipe shall be equipped with an approved six and four-tenths (6.4) centimeters outlet not less than sixty one (61) centimeters nor more than one hundred twenty two (122) centimeters above the floor of each story.

Sprinkler System

main water tankmain water pumpmain pilot valve (dry)pilot valve (wet)sprinkler head - standing configurationsprinkler head - hanging configurationpressure tanktesting pipingtesting pipingfilling pipingcompressoralarm bellfire centralalarm bellpressure gaugeswitchboard

TYPES OF SPRINKLER SYSTEMS

Wet Pipe Sprinkler System

Awet pipe sprinkler systemis a sprinkler system employing automatic sprinkler heads attached to a piping system containing water and connected to a water supply so that water discharges immediately from sprinklers opened by heat from a fire.

TYPES OF SPRINKLER SYSTEMS

Dry Pipe Sprinkler Systems Adry pipe sprinkler systemissprinkler system employing automatic sprinklers that are attached to a piping system containing air or nitrogen under pressure, the release of which (as from the opening of a sprinkler) permits the water pressure to open a valve known as a dry pipe valve, and the water then flows into the piping system and out the opened sprinklers. Dry pipe sprinkler systems are installed in areas where wet pipe systems may be inappropriate such as areas where freezing temperatures might be expected.

TYPES OF SPRINKLER SYSTEMS

Pre-Action Sprinkler Systems Apre-action sprinkler systemis similar to a deluge sprinkler system except the sprinklers are closed. This type system is typically used in areas containing high value equipment or contents and spaces which are highly sensitive to the effects of accidental sprinkler water discharge. The pre-action valve is normally closed and is operated by a separate detection system. Activation of a fire detector will open the pre-action valve, allowing water to enter the system piping. Water will not flow from the sprinklers until heat activates the operating element in individual sprinklers. Opening of the pre-action valve effectively converts the system to a wet pipe sprinkler system.

TYPES OF SPRINKLER SYSTEMS

DelugeSprinkler Systems Adeluge systemis sprinkler system employing open sprinklers that are attached to a piping system that is connected to a water supply through a valve that is opened by the operation of a detection system installed in the same areas as the sprinklers. When this valve opens, water flows into the piping system and discharges from all sprinklers attached thereto. Deluge systems are used where large quantities of water are needed quickly to control a fast-developing fire. Deluge valves can be electrically, pneumatically or hydraulically operated.

Foam-WaterSprinkler Systems

Afoam-water sprinkler systemis a special system that is pipe-connected to a source of foam concentrate and to awater supply. The system is equipped with appropriate discharge devices for extinguishing agent discharge and fordistribution over the area to be protected. The piping system is connected to the water supply through a control valvethat usually is actuated by operation of automatic detection equipment that is installed in the same areas as thesprinklers. When this valve opens, water flows into the piping system, foam concentrate is injected into the water, andthe resulting foam solution discharging through the discharge devices generates and distributes foam. Uponexhaustion of the foam concentrate supply, water discharge follows and continues until shut off manually.Foam-watersystems shall be of the wet pipe, dry pipe, deluge, or preaction type. Foam-water deluge systems are applicable to theprotection of two-dimensional flammable liquid hazards.

Automatic SprinklersSprinkler heads fitted with fusible link or quartzoidbulb (bulb breaks at temperatures ranging from 68C180C)Upright installed above the supply pipe with the orifice facing upward and deflector situated on topPendant head hangs down from the pipe with the orifice facing downward and deflector located belowSidewall positions

Automatic Sprinklers: Upright; Pendant; Sidewall positions

Occupancy hazard classification density of waterdischarge (maximum are coverage permitted - 18m2 perhead)Light Hazard: 18m2 per head; max. allowable distance of 4.6 mOrdinary Hazard: 12m2 per head for noncombustible; 11m2 for combustible; max. allowable distance of 4.6 m Extra Hazard: 8.4m2 per head for noncombustible; 7.4m2 for a combustible; max. allowable distance of 3.7 m

Light Hazard: apartments, auditoriums, churches, hospitals, hotels, libraries, museums, nursing homes, office buildings, restaurants, schools, theatersOrdinary Hazard: automotive garages, bakeries, boiler houses, electric-generating stations, feed mills, grain elevators, laundries, machine shops, manufacturing facilities, paper mills, printing, etc.Extra Hazard: aircraft hangars, chemical works, explosives plants, linoleum manufacturing, linseed oil mills, oil refineries, paint shops, etc.

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