December 10, 2014

Office for Disaster Prevention Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology（MEXT）

Promotion of Disaster Resilient School Facilities

１．Promotion Improvement in Earthquake Resistance of School Facilities

1

2

耐震未補強 柱の破壊

耐震補強済 大きな被害無し

Damage to school facilities that are insufficient earthquake resistance（The Great East Japan Earthquake）

insufficient earthquake resistance sufficient earthquake resistance

collapse of pillars

3

Summary of Revision of the Act on Special Measures concerning Earthquake Disaster Management

＜After revised in June 2008＞

○IS※1 is less than 0.3(reinforcement) （１／３ → ２／３ ）

○IS is more than 0.3(reinforcement) （１／３ → １／２ ）

○IS is less than 0.3(renovation) ※2（１／３ → １／２ ） ※1 IS: seismic index of structure

※2 renovation of buildings which cannot be reinforced because of concrete strength.

○Extended period of raised the governmental subsidy proportion（in March 2011）

○The period is March 2016

Raised the governmental subsidy proportion to improve earthquake resistance(public school)

Period of raised the governmental subsidy proportion

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Target completion of earthquake resistance

Part 2: Educational Policies to be Implemented in the Coming Five Years Basic Measure 19 Enhancement of the educational and research environments and ensuring students’safety in

schools ○ Improving the rate of earthquake-resistance of public school facilities based on the “Basic

Policy on the Improvement of School Facilities”, aiming for early completion of earthquake resistance by March 2016.

○ Improving university earthquake resistance rates: Concerning national universities, based on

the third Five-Year Program for Facilities of National Universities, we shall aim for early completion of earthquake resistance.

○ Regarding private schools, we aim to be able to complete earthquake resistance as early as

possible, in taking into consideration the situation of earthquake resistance public schools and national schools.

Basic Plan for the Promotion of Education （June 14, 2013 Government of Japan）

The rate of earthquake-resistance (public elementary and junior high school)

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The rate of earthquake-resistance

The remaining number of buildings

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,500

7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27要求

億円

補正予算等

当初予算

予備費

区分 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27要求

《310》 《500》 《△131》 《978》 《1,627》 《730》

（億円） (238) (152) (882) (197) (200) (184) (560) (280) (587) (1,107) (1,111) (1,119) (2,778) (1,177) (340) (1,884) (1,506)

予　算 2,478 2,092 1,878 1,731 1,638 1,610 1,619 1,402 1,452 1,311 1,221 1,039 1,042 1,051 1,051 1,032 805 1,246 1,271 1,271 3,450

（注）上段（　）書きは補正予算等で外数。（平成13年度、20年度、21年度、25年度は中段が1次補正、上段が2次補正（21年度については執行停止額）。22年度及び24年度は中段が補正、上段が予備費。

　　 　平成23年度は中段が1次補正、上段が3次補正)。平成24年度予備費は経済危機対応・地域活性化予備費（149億円）と東日本大震災復興特別会計予備費（581億円）の合算。

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Budget of public school maintenance

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995

(One hundred million yen)

Initial budget

Supplementary budget

Reserve fund

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995

Effort of promotion of earthquake resistance

○ The Act on Special Measures concerning Earthquake Disaster Management obliges local

government to execute the seismic diagnosis and announce the result of the diagnosis. ○ In press release in ever year, we release positive local government about promotion of

earthquake resistance or negative . ○ To lower local government of progress to earthquake resistance, the Minister of MEXT send

letter for accelerate to promotion of earthquake resistance. ○ Directly, we visit mayor in lower local government about earthquake resistance, we request to

accelerate to promotion of earthquake resistance .

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Effort of MEXT

○ Although in limited resource, local government decide that top priority is school earthquake

resistance. ○ Local government make project team of school earthquake resistance. ○ Not renovation, but reinforcement in chance of repair.

Effort of local government

２．Ideal State of Disaster Resilient School Facilities -Tsunami protection measures and enhancement of the disaster protection

function as shelter-

http://www.nier.go.jp/shisetsu/pdf/e-disaster-resilient.pdf

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Part 1 Ideal State of School Facilities in the Area Entailing the Risk of a Tsunami Disaster Chapter 1 Examination of the Damage to School Facilities Caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake

1. Property damage to schools caused by the earthquake

Many schools that are not in an area where flooding by tsunami was predicted were actually flooded by the tsunami (69 schools)

3. Relationship between the location conditions of school facilities and tsunami damage

Children, etc. evacuated to the rooftop

Relationship between tsunami damage and location conditions (elevation and distance from the coast) of public elementary and lower secondary schools in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima Prefectures

Distance (km)

(N = 332)

Elev

atio

n (m

)

Damage No damage

Ａ

Ｂ

Widespread damage, proven effect of seismic reinforcement, importance of earthquake protection measures for nonstructural members

2. Damage to school facilities caused by the tsunami

Schools at the same elevation and the same distance from the coast suffered or did not suffer damage depending on their geography (ria coast: A in the figure; plain: B in the figure). It is important to understand the geography Surrounding the school in addition to the elevation and the distance from the coast.

Damage No damage

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10

Damage to school facilities by tsunami （The Great East Japan Earthquake）

School building that had been engulfed by a tsunami up to the 3rd floor

Wall is lost due to water pressure

Chapter 2 Ideal State of School Facilities in the Area with the Risk of Tsunami Disaster

Tsunami protection measures for school facilities may include evacuation to an elevated area or a tsunami evacuation building in the vicinity, evacuation to the rooftop or upper floors of the school building, etc., relocation to an elevated area and construction of a tall building. When considering tsunami protection measures, it is important to have an accurate understanding of the location conditions of the school (elevation of the premises, distance from the coast or river bank, past reach of tsunami, topography and presence/absence of tall buildings in the vicinity, assumed arrival time of tsunami, etc.)

1. Basic concept of tsunami protection measures for school facilities

Select measures from the following options in the light of the location conditions of the school facilities: evacuation to an elevated area or a tsunami evacuation building in the vicinity, evacuation to the rooftop or upper floors of the school building, etc., relocation to an elevated area and construction of a tall building. If it is difficult to implement effective tsunami protection measures through facilities development, it is important to ensure safe evacuation by taking sufficient measures including evacuation drills.

2. Selecting safety measures against tsunami

Emergency path connecting the 2nd floor to the municipal road

Outdoor escape stairs Plan for relocation to an elevated area 11

Part 2 Ideal State of School Facilities Used as an Evacuation Shelter of the Community Chapter 1 Examination of the Issues Emerged from the Experience of the Great East Japan Earthquake

2. Use of school facilities that served as an evacuation shelter and issues involved

1. School facilities played the role of an evacuation shelter

Number of the schools used as a shelter at the time of the earthquake

622

240151 125 92 82 42 23 0

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

3月

11日

3月

17日

4月

11日

5月

11日

6月

10日

7月

11日

8月

08日

9月

12日

10月

13日

11月

10日

学校数（校）264

198

135

10272

31

108130 126

65

3416

86 9380

5327

80

50

100

150

200

250

300

3/20 4/10 5/8 6/12 7/10 8/15

学校

文教施設（学校以外）

その他施設

Change in the average number of people accommodated in shelters in Iwate Prefecture

Number of schools

Mar

ch 1

1

Schools

They were used by a large number of evacuees for a long period of time

There were problems with toilets, heating equipment, etc. Use of facilities as shelters caused problems for resumption of school activities.

Mar

ch 1

7

Apr

il 11

June

10

May

11

July

11

Aug

ust 8

Sept

embe

r 12

Nov

embe

r 10

Oct

ober

13

Education facilities other than schools

Other facilities

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Changes in school conditions as evacuation shelter

The day after the disaster (March 12, 2011) The number of evacuees on the evening of the day of the disaster was about 1,000 (1.0m2/person)

About two months after the disaster (May 9, 2011) The number of evacuees: about 500 (2.0m2/person)

1 2

3 4

About three months after the disaster (June 11, 2011) The number of evacuees: about 340 (3.0m2/person)

About four months after the disaster (July 9, 2011) The number of evacuees: about 190 (5.5m2/person)

1:Photo provided by Rikuzentakata Board of Education 2～4:Photo provided by Jun Ueno, a member of the committee

Chapter 2 Ideal State of School Facilities as Evacuation Shelters of the Community ・ Necessary functions for each of the four stages from the beginning of the disaster to dissolution of the

shelter are organized as follows. ・ It is important to equip the school with functions necessary as a shelter beforehand because it would be

difficult to develop facilities and equipment necessary for a shelter after the occurrence of a disaster.

Social situation Situations at the shelter Necessary functions Basic conditions

of school facilities

Functions necessary for a shelter (for emergency)

Space necessary for a shelter

Life

savi

ng/

evac

uatio

n st

age

(jus

t afte

r the

ev

acua

tion)

;

Life

-sec

urin

g st

age

(fo

r sev

eral

day

s af

ter

the

evac

uatio

n)

Ensu

ring

sh

elte

red-

life

stag

e (s

ever

al w

eeks

afte

r the

di

sast

er)

Scho

ol fu

nctio

n re

sum

ing

stag

e (s

ever

al m

onth

s af

ter t

he

disa

ster

)

Occurrence of tsunami disrupted lifelines and disconnected information communication

Gradual restoration of lifelines and information communication

Arrival of relief supplies

Earth

quak

e pr

otec

tion

(incl

udin

g th

at fo

r non

stru

ctur

al m

embe

rs,

fire

resi

stan

ce

Local residents evacuated to school

Opening of emergency evacuation shelter operated by the municipality

Transition to the operation by a self-governing organization; start of volunteer activities

・・・Securing subsistence at the shelter

・・・transition to sound living at the shelter

Resumption of school activities (Coexistence of emergency evacuation functions and school functions)

Bar

rier f

ree

envi

ronm

ent,

ther

mal

insu

latio

n

Spac

e to

stor

e re

lief s

uppl

ies

Livi

ng/o

pera

tion

spac

es

Coo

king

/cha

ngin

g sp

aces

Spac

es d

edic

ated

to st

uden

ts w

ith d

isab

ility

, th

e el

derly

, exp

ecta

nt a

nd n

ursi

ng m

othe

rs,

infe

ctio

us d

isea

se p

atie

nts,

etc.

Stoc

kpile

of

food

, dr

inki

ng

wat

er, e

tc.

Info

rmat

ion

com

mun

icat

ion

Pow

er so

urce

, gas

, toi

let

Dissolution of the shelter; normalization

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Part 3 Measures by the National Government ①Revision of the relevant provisions of the Guidelines for Designing School Facilities ②Actual state identification, Public awareness raising ③Financial support for enhancement of the disaster protection functions

Image of safety measures against tsunami

近隣の津波避難ビルに避難

校舎の屋上に避難

高台へ移転

高台に逃げる避難路を整備

高台に逃げる避難階段を整備

安全な高台に立地

凡例

津波避難ビル

津波からの緊急避難場所

避難所

浸水想定区域

避難の方向

On a safe elevated area

Relocation to an elevated area

Develop escape paths to evacuate to an elevated area

Develop escape stairs to evacuate to an

elevated area

Evacuation to the rooftop of the school building

Evacuation to a tsunami evacuation building in the vicinity

Emergency tsunami evacuation site

Tsunami evacuation building

Evacuation shelter Areas entailing a high probability of flooding

Evacuation direction

Legend

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Reference (Report, examples, Guideline, etc)

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○ Ideal State of Disaster-Resilient School Facilities –Tsunami protection measures and enhancement of disaster prevention function as evacuation shelter– March 2014 Committee for Research Studies on the Visions of School Facilities http://www.nier.go.jp/shisetsu/pdf/e-disaster-resilient.pdf

○ Urgent Recommendation “Concerning School Facility Improvement in Light of the Damage Caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake”

July 2011 Investigative Commission on School Facility Improvement in Light of the Damage Caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake http://www.nier.go.jp/shisetsu/pdf/e_Urgent_Recommendationl_Body.pdf

○ Protecting Children from Falling and Tumbling Objects due to an Earthquake —Guidebook for Earthquake Protection for Nonstructural Members of School Facilities— March 2010 The MEXT http://www.nier.go.jp/shisetsu/pdf/e-hikouzou.pdf

○ Seismic Retrofitting Quick Reference School Facilities that Withstand Earthquakes Examples of Seismic Retrofitting September 2006 The MEXT http://www.nier.go.jp/shisetsu/pdf/e-taishinjirei.pdf

○ Guidelines for Promotion of Earthquake-resistance School Building July 2003 The MEXT http://www.nier.go.jp/shisetsu/pdf/e-taishinsuishin.pdf

【Prevention disaster】

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○ Countermeasures against the Deterioration of School Facilities Promotion of the Lifespan Extension of School Facilities March 2013 Committee for Research Studies on the Visions of School Facilities http://www.nier.go.jp/shisetsu/pdf/e-lifespanextention.pdf

○ A Collection of Exemplary Design of Elementary and Junior High School Facilities Based on the Revision of Guidelines for Designing Elementary and Junior High School Facilities June 2010 A project commissioned by the MEXT http://www.nier.go.jp/shisetsu/pdf/e-ejschool.pdf

○ Aiming for Environmentally-Friendly Facilities (Eco-Schools) Renovation at Every School Collection of Case Examples to Make Existing School Facilities More Ecological May 2010 The MEXT http://www.nier.go.jp/shisetsu/pdf/e-ecojirei.pdf

○ Anthology of Ideas for Creating New School Facilities ~ Achieving Fulfilling Educational Activities and an Enriched School Life ~ January 2010 The MEXT http://www.nier.go.jp/shisetsu/pdf/e-ideaschool.pdf

○ Barrier-free School Facility Promotion Guideline March, 2004 The MEXT http://www.nier.go.jp/shisetsu/pdf/e-bariashishin.pdf

【others】