puberty & adolescence
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Puberty & Adolescence. Life Span - Lecture 6 Chapter 10. Puberty / Pre-adolescence. Rapid growth @ 2 yrs to complete 2 nd sex characteristics. Factors that influence Puberty. Heredity Climate Nutrition Gender Socioeconomic status. 4 Major Changes - Puberty. Rapid growth - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Puberty & Adolescence
Life Span - Lecture 6Chapter 10
Puberty / Pre-adolescence
• Rapid growth• @ 2 yrs to complete• 2nd sex characteristics
Factors that influence Puberty
• Heredity• Climate• Nutrition• Gender• Socioeconomic status
4 Major Changes - Puberty
1. Rapid growth2. Δ body proportions3. 1o sex characteristics4. 2o sex characteristics
Puberty Frustrations
• Independence / supervision• Appearance / body changes• Peer acceptance / peer frustration• Academic success / h workload• Adult behavior / child behavior• h schedule / need for h sleep
Adolescence• Begins– Sexual maturity
• Ends– Cessation of growth
emotional maturity
Characteristics of Adolescence
• Volatile emotions• Insecurities• Introspection• Experimentation• Testing values
Physical Characteristics
What is another name for the adenohypophysis?
A. Thyroid glandB. Posterior Pituitary glandC. Anterior Pituitary glandD. ThymusE. Adrenal Cortex
What hormones are secreted by the Anterior pituitary that affect the gonads?
A. Estrogen & ProgesteroneB. Estrogen and TestosteroneC. Follicle stimulating Hormone and Luteinizing
hormoneD. Follicle stimulating Hormone & EstrogenE. Testosterone & Luteinizing hormone
Puberty: Height & Weight
• Rapid Growth• Girls before Guys– Feet 1st
• Height– h 20 – 25%
• Weight– h 15 – 60 lbs
• Disproportionate
Puberty: Development of Sex
• 1o sex characteristics– Gonads
Puberty: Male
• Testes• Scrotum• Sperm• Testosterone• Ejaculation• Penis
Puberty: Female
• Ovaries• Ova• Estrogen• Progesterone• Menarche• Menopause
Puberty: Development of Sex
• 2o sex characteristics– Pubic hair– Axillary hair – Sebaceous glands
• oil– Apocrine glands
• sweat
Body Changes: Puberty
Male ♂• Penis• Erections• Wet dreams• Voice changes
Female ♀ • Breasts• Menstruation• Cramps• Pregnancy• Hygiene
Body Changes: Puberty
Male ♂• 10 – 11
– Gonad growth– Pubic hair
• 12-13– Growth spurt
• 13-15– 2o hair– Ejaculation– Voice deepens
Female ♀ • 10-11
– Growth spurt– Breast– Pubic hair
• 11-14– Menarche
• 12 – 13– 2o hair
When do girls stop growing?
A. 14-15B. 16-17C. 18-20D. 21–22E. 23-24
When do boys stop growing?
A. 14-15B. 16-17C. 18-20D. 21–22E. 23-24
Adolescence: Height & Weight
• Slows after puberty• ♀– 16 - 17
• ♂– 18 – 20
What is the term for lateral curvature of the spinal cord?
A. ScoliosisB. LordosisC. KyphosisD. Barrel chestE. Curvilateralospinosis
Muscle & Bone development
• h strength• h endurance• h size
• Sore• Awkward• Scoliosis– “lateral curvature of the
spine”
Respiratory System G&D
• h Lung size, weight• i rate• h performance
• Nurse intervention– EXERCISE!!!
GI System G&D
• h size & capacity
Teeth: G&D
• 12yrs– 2nd molars
• 14 – 25 yrs– 3rd molars– “Wisdom teeth”
Vital Signs
• Pulse– 60-90
• Resp– 16 – 24
• Nursing intervention– EXERCISE!!!
Developmental Milestones
Motor Development• Rapid growth Clumsy • *Eye-hand coordination
Sexual Development
• Comparisons• Masturbation• Sexual activity• Education
STD’s
• h• Prevention education
Teen pregnancy
“The pregnant adolescent has twice the mortality rate
of a non-adolescent pregnant woman.”
Teen Pregnancy
• What are the “down-sides” of teenage pregnancy?
Rape
• h• Stranger• Date-rape
Psychosocial Development: Behavior
Behavior• Rebellious
Parental Response• Overlook• Avoid confrontation• Be tolerant• “Pick your battles”• Avoid seeing behavior as a
rejection of parental love
Psychosocial Development: Behavior
Behavior• Need for privacy
Parental Response• Own space• Understanding• Offer help – step back• Open communication
Psychosocial Development: Behavior
Behavior• Dishonesty
Parental Response• Don’t overreact• Reinforce reality• Be consistent
Psychosocial Development: Behavior
Behavior• Responsibility
Parental Response• Listen• Expect uneven maturity• Enc. decision making &
responsibility• Set reasonable rules
Psychosocial Development: Behavior
Behavior• Curfews
Parental Response• Allow unexpected delays• Enc phone contact• Set example• Socialize at home
Psychosocial Development: Behavior
Behavior• Friends
Parental Response• Accept \ criticism• Get to know them• Avoid showing disapproval
Psychosocial development: Puberty
• Attitude– Happy negative
• h self-consciousness• Self-doubt• h time alone (room) • Find new peers
• Antagonism
What task do adolescence need to complete according to the psycho-social development model?
A. IdentityB. Pre-conventionalC. GenitalD. IntimacyE. Formal operation
Psychosocial Development: Adolescence
• Explore own values– Test them
• Ambivalence– Two opposing feelings at
the same time• Mood swings
• Love / hate family• Freedom/supervision• Wanting to be part of a
group / wanting to be alone
• Emotions– Expressed feelings
behavior• Mood swings– Anger– Fears– Worries– Jealousy– Envy– Happiness
• Boredom– Daydreaming
• Humor– “Biting”
• Work / employment
Age 13 - 14
• Hide feelings• Negative & hostile• Narrow perspective– compromise
Ages 15 - 16• i self absorption• h compromise• h independent thinking– Discuss– Debate
• Experimenting– h risk taking– h adventure
• Dating
Age 17 -19• Serious• Idealistic• h Stress• Relationships– Family– “boy-friend” /“girl-friend”– Peers
• Career
Discipline
• Clear rules• Set rules – Dating– Curfew
• Open communication• Be realistic• Be available• Listen!
Cognitive Development
• Concrete thinking (with training) formal operational– Logical– Scientific reasoning– Problem solving– Look at all possibilities
Moral Development
• “Cognitive development is a prerequisite for moral reasoning”
• Conventional Level– Follow rules– Show concern for others– Want to be trusted
• BEGIN TO QUESTION EVERYTHING• Post conventional
Communication
• Verbal communication
Nutrition
• Caloric intake– ♀
• 2,600 / day– ♂
• 3,000 / day
Key nutrients
• Protein– 15%
• Calcium• Iron
Sleep & Rest
• h need for sleep– 8 hours
• Affects of poor sleep– Irritable– I school performance– i concentration– h stress– h susceptibility to illness– Auto accidents
University of Chicago Medical Center October 23, 1999 The Lancet.
• “Chronic sleep loss can reduce the capacity of even young adults to perform basic metabolic functions, such as processing and storing carbohydrates or regulating hormone secretion… Cutting back from the standard eight down to four hours of sleep each night produced striking changes in glucose tolerance and endocrine function--changes that resembled the effects of advanced age or the early stages of diabetes--after less than one week.”
Anorexia Nervosa
• Eating + emotional disorder
• Willful starvation• < minimum body weight• Fear of weight gain• Extreme dieting
– Diet pills– Laxatives– Ipecac
• Excessive exercise
Bulimia
• Binge & purge• loss of control
Safety
• MVA– Driving– Independence– Poor judgment– Don’t drink and drive
Safety
• Sporting activities– Pre-sport physicals– Protective equipment
• ♂– Football– Hockey
• ♀– gymnastics
Safety
• Firearms– Storage– Training
MVA are the leading cause of death in the adolescent population, what is the 2nd leading cause of death?
A. PoisoningB. Drug over doseC. HomicideD. FallsE. Suicide
How often should a adolescent have a dental exam?
A. 4 times a yearB. 3 times a yearC. 2 times a yearD. 1 time a yearE. 1 time every two years
Health Promotion
• nutrition patterns = health level
• Annual physical• Vision & hearing• √ Height & weight
Which of the following disorders are adolescent girls prone to having?
A. AnemiaB. COPDC. ArthritisD. High blood pressureE. Stomach ulcers
Depression• “Prolonged feeling of
sadness and unworthiness”
• h d/t long period of…– Self reflection
S&S of Depression in Adolescence
• Crying• Insomnia• Eating disorders• Social isolation• Acting out• Hopelessness• Physical symptoms• Loss of interest in
appearance• Giving away things
Contributing Factors to Adolescent suicide
• Depression• Low self-esteem• Poor impulse control• Substance abuse• Emotional isolation
Depression/suicide: Nursing interventions
• Assess for clues• Listen carefully• Do not undervalue
emotions!• Ask if they are thinking
about suicide• Do they have a plan?• Constant supervision
Substance Abuse
• How to know• http://www.youtube.com/watch?feat
ure=player_detailpage&v=RkgZujOQSFU