rajasthan adhyayan
TRANSCRIPT
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8/17/2019 Rajasthan Adhyayan
1/110
jktLFkku v/;;u jktLFkku v/;;u jktLFkku v/;;u jktLFkku v/;;u jktLFkku v/;;u
MkW- gqde pUn tSu MkW- gqde pUn tSu MkW- gqde pUn tSu MkW- gqde pUn tSu MkW- gqde pUn tSu foHkkxk/;{k] bfrgkl
jktdh; LukrdksÙkj egkfo|ky;]dksVk dksVk dksVk dksVk dksVk
MkW- vkse çdk’k 'kekZMkW- vkse çdk’k 'kekZMkW- vkse çdk’k 'kekZMkW- vkse çdk’k 'kekZMkW- vkse çdk’k 'kekZ ofj"B O;k[;krk
vkfFkZd ç’kklu ,oa foÙkh; çca/k foHkkx] jktdh; LukrdksÙkj egkfo|ky;] lokbZ ek/kksiq j lokbZ ek/kksiqj lokbZ ek/kksiq j lokbZ ek/kksiqj lokbZ ek/kksiqj
Hkkx&3Hkkx&3Hkkx&3Hkkx&3Hkkx&3
d{kk&11d{kk&11d{kk&11d{kk&11d{kk&11
la;kstd ,oa ys[kd
MkW- gfj eksgu lDlsuk MkW- gfj eksgu lDlsuk MkW- gfj eksgu lDlsuk MkW- gfj eksgu lDlsuk MkW- gfj eksgu lDlsuk ls- fu- la;qDr funs’kd dkWyst f’k{kk] jktLFkku
ch&1] ,e-ch-,l-uxj] dksVk taD’ku] dksVk dksVk dksVk dksVk dksVk
ys[kd x.k ys[kd x.k ys[kd x.k ys[kd x.k ys[kd x.k
ek/;fed f'k{kk cksMZ] jktLFkku] vtesj ek/;fed f'k{kk cksMZ] jktLFkku] vtesj ek/;fed f'k{kk cksMZ] jktLFkku] vtesj ek/;fed f'k{kk cksMZ] jktLFkku] vtesj ek/;fed f'k{kk cksMZ] jktLFkku] vtesj
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8/17/2019 Rajasthan Adhyayan
2/110
vuqØef.kdk vuqØef.kdk vuqØef.kdk vuqØef.kdk vuqØef.kdk vuqØef.kdk vuqØef.kdk vuqØef.kdk vuqØef.kdk vuqØef.kdk
Øe la-Øe la-Øe la-Øe la-Øe la- v/;k; dk uke v/;k; dk uke v/;k; dk uke v/;k; dk uke v/;k; dk uke i`"B la[;k i`"B la[;k i`"B la[;k i`"B la[;k i`"B la[;k
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103&108
jktLFkku e s a tutkxj.k , ao LorU=rk laxzke
jktLFkku dk LFkkiR;] ew frZf'kYi ,a o fp= 'kSfy;k¡
jktLFkku dh yksd dyk,¡
jktLFkku ds izkdf̀rd la lk/ku ,a o mudk la j{k.k
jktLFkku ds ÅtkZ la lk/ku
jktLFkku dh vFkZ O;oLFkk
jktLFkku dk vkfFkZd fodkl
jktLFkku esa i;ZVu fodkl vkSj laHkkouk,s a
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8/17/2019 Rajasthan Adhyayan
3/110
jktLFk ku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFk ku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFk ku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFk ku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&31
i`"BHkwfe i`"BHkwfe i`"BHkwfe i`"BHkwfe i`"BHkwfe
jktLFkku ds ns’kh jkT;ks a us vaxz sth dEiuh ds lkFk
laf/k;k¡ ¼1818 bZ-½ djds ejkBks a }kjk mRiUu vjktdrk ls
eqfDr iz kIr dj yh rFkk jkT; dh cká lq j{kk ds ckjs es a Hkh fuf’pr gks x,] D;ks afd vc dEiuh us muds jkT; dh
ckgjh vkØe.kks a ls lqj{kk dh ftEesnkjh Hkh ys yh FkhA
izR;{k es a ns’kh fj;klrks a ij dksbZ vf/kd vkfFkZd Hkkj Hkh
ugha iM+ k] D;ks afd tks f[kjkt os ejkBksa dks pqdkrs Fks] oks
gh f[kjkt vc vaxz stks a dks nsuk FkkA vr% jktk [kq’k gks x,
fd vc mudk fujadq’k 'kklu pyrk jgsxkA jktkvks a dks
laf/k;ksa dh 'krs Z bruh vkd"kZd yxha fd mUgks aus vaxz sth
dEiuh dh bZekunkjh ij fcuk 'kadk fd, laf/k;ks a ij gLrk{kj dj fn,A ijUrq laf/k;ks a es a mYysf[kr 'krks ± dks
dEiuh ds vfèkdkfj;ks a us tSls gh fØ;kfUor djuk 'kq:
fd;k] jktkvks a ds oa’k ijEijkxr vf/kdkjks a ij dqBkjk?kkr
gks aus yxkA dEiuh us jkT;ks a ds vkUrfjd ekeyks a es a
gLr{ksi djds ns’kh ujs’kks a dh izHkq lÙkk ij Hkh pksV dh ,oa
mudh fLFkfr dEiuh ds lkeUrks a o tkxhjnkjks a tSlh gks
xbZA dEiuh dh uhfr;ks a ls lkeUrks a ds in] e;kZnk o
vf/kdkjks a dks Hkh vk?kkr yxkA dEiuh }kjk viukbZ xbZ
vkfFkZd uhfr;ks a ds ifj.kkeLo:i jktk] lkeUr] fdlku]
O;kikjh] f’kYih ,oa etnw j lHkh oxZ ihfM+ r gq,A dEiuh
ds lkFk dh xbZ laf/k;ks a ds dbZ nq"ifj.kke lkeus vk,]
ftUgks aus 1857 dh Økafr dh i`"BHkw fe cukbZA
¼1½¼1½¼1½¼1½¼1½ jkT;ks a ds vkUrfjd 'kklu esa gLr{ksi jkT;ksa ds vkUrfjd 'kklu esa gLr{ksi jkT;ks a ds vkUrfjd 'kklu esa gLr{ksi jkT;ksa ds vkUrfjd 'kklu esa gLr{ksi jkT;ksa ds vkUrfjd 'kklu esa gLr{ksi
jktiw r jktkvks a ds lkFk laf/k;k¡ djrs le; vaxz stks a
us ;g Li"V vk’oklu fn;k Fkk fd os jkT;ks a ds vkUrfjd
iz’kklu es a fdlh izdkj dk gLr{ksi ugha djs axsA exj
vaxzstksa us jkT;ksa ds vkUrfjd ekeyks a esa gLr{ksi fd;kA
tks/kiqj ds 'kkld ij ncko Mkydj 1839 bZ- es a tksèkiqj
ds fdys ij vfèkdkj dj fy;kA 1842&43 bZ- es a vaxz stks a
us iqu% tks/kiq j ds ekeyksa esa gLr{ksi djrs gq, ukFkks a dh tkxhjs a tCr dj mudks dSn es a Mky fn;kA 1819 bZ- es a
mUgks aus t;iqj ds ekeyks a es a gLr{ksi fd;kA vaxzstks a us
ekaxjksy ds ;q) es a ¼1821 bZ-½ dksVk egkjko ds fo#)
nhoku tkfye flag dh lgk;rk dh] tks fd vaxz st
leFkZd FkkA es okM+ ds iz’kklu esa Hkh iksfyfVdy ,tsUV
ds ckj&ckj gLr{ksi us jkT; dh vkfFkZd fLFkfr dks
n;uh; cuk fn;kA 1823 bZ- es a dSIVu dkSc us leLr
'kklu izcU/k vius gkFk es a ys fy;k vkSj egkjk.kk dks
[kpZ ds fy, ,d gtkj #- nSfud fu;r dj fn;kA bl
izdkj laf/k;ks a dh 'krks ± ds foijhr vaxz stks a us jkT;ksa ds
vkUrfjd iz’kklu es a gLr{ksi dj mudh cká izHkq lÙkk ds
lkFk&lkFk vkUrfjd Lok;Ùkrk Hkh [kRe dj nhA vc
jktk vius jkT; ds lEizHkq Lokeh u jgdj vaxzstksa dh
—ikn`f"V ij fuHkZ j gks x,A
¼2½¼2½¼2½¼2½¼2½ jkT;ks a ds mÙkjkf/kdkj ekeyks a esa gLr{ksi jkT;ks a ds mÙkjkf/kdkj ekeyksa esa gLr{ksi jkT;ks a ds mÙkjkf/kdkj ekeyks a esa gLr{ksi jkT;ks a ds mÙkjkf/kdkj ekeyksa esa gLr{ksi jkT;ksa ds mÙkjkf/kdkj ekeyksa es a gLr{ksi
vaxz stks a us jkT;ks a ls laf/k;k¡ djrs le; vk’oklu fn;k Fkk fd og muds ijEijkxr 'kklu esa fdlh izdkj
dk gLr{ksi ugha djs axsA ijUrq jkT; es a 'kkafr o O;oLFkk
cuk;s j[kus ds cgkus vaxz stks a us mÙkjkf/kdkj ds ekeyks a es a
[kqydj gLr{ksi fd;kA 1826 bZ- es a vyoj jkT; ds
vkUrfjd ekeyks a es a gLr{ksi dj cyoa rflag o cusflag ds
e/; vyoj jkT; ds nks fgLls djok fn,A Hkjriq j ds
mÙkjkf/kdkj ds iz’u ij 1826 bZ- esa vaxz stks a us yksgkx
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8/17/2019 Rajasthan Adhyayan
4/110
jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFk ku v/;;u Hkkx&3 2
cyoUr flag dks xíh ij fcBkdj] iksfyfVdy ,tsUV ds
v/khu ,d dkmfUly dh fu;qfDr dj nh] tks iz’kklu dk lapkyu djus yxhA vaxz stks a us vius leFkZd mEehnokjks a
dks mÙkjkf/kdkjh cukdj jkT;ks a es a vizR;{k :i ls viuh
jktuhfrd izHkq rk LFkkfir dhA
ftl jkT; dk mÙkjkf/kdkjh vYio;Ld gks rk]
ogk¡ ,-th-th-] jsthMs.V dh v/;{krk es a vius leFkZdks a
dh dkS afly dk xBu dj iz’kklu ij fu;a =.k LFkkfir
dj ys rs FksA 1835 bZ- es a t;iq j es a 'kklu lapkyu ds
fy, iksfyfVdy ,tsUV ds funs Z’ku es a ljnkjks a dh lfefr xfBr dh xbZA 1844 bZ- es a ck¡ lokM+ k es a egkjkoy y{e.kflag
dh ukckfyxh ds nkS jku iz’kklu ij vaxz sth fu;a =.k cuk
jgkA xksn ysus ds iz’u ij Hkh vaxz st viuk fu.kZ; yknus
dk iz;kl djrs FksA
¼3½¼3½¼3½¼3½¼3½ jkT;ksa dh detks j foÙkh; fLFkfr jkT;ksa dh detksj foÙkh; fLFkfr jkT;ksa dh detks j foÙkh; fLFkfr jkT;ksa dh detksj foÙkh; fLFkfr jkT;ks a dh detksj foÙkh; fLFkfr
laf/k;ks a ds }kjk jktiw r jkT;ks a dks ejkBks a ,oa
fi.Mkfj;ks a dh yw Vekj ,oa ckj&ckj dh vkfFkZd ek¡xks a ls rks NqVdkjk fey x;k] exj vaxz stks a us Hkh izkjEHk ls gh
f[kjkt dh izFkk ykxw dj vkfFkZd 'kks"k.k dh uhfr viuk
yh FkhA ;fn f[kjkt dk Hkqxrku le; ij ugha gksrk rks
vaxz st dEiuh mu ij pØo`f) C;kt yxkdj f[kjkt
olw y djrh FkhA f[kjkt ds vykok dEiuh 'kkafr O;oLFkk
LFkkfir djus ds uke ij jkT;ks a ls /ku olw y djrh FkhA
;q) dh ifjfLFkfr;ks a es a Hkh jktkvksa dks /ku nsus ds fy,
ck/; fd;k tkrk FkkA blds vfrfjDr jktkvks a dks vius
[kpZ ij dEiuh ds fy, lsuk j[kuh iM+ rh FkhA ;fn jktk
ml lSfud [kpZ dks ogu djus es a vleFkZrk fn[kkrk] rks
mlds jkT; dk dqN Hkkx dEiuh vius v/khu dj ys rh
FkhA vaxz stks a us t;iqj ujs’k dks 'ks[kkokVh es a jktekrk ds
leFkZd lkeUrks a dks dqpyus ds fy, lSfud lgk;rk nh
o lSfud [kpZ ds :i es a lkaHkj >hy dks vius v/khu
¼1835 bZ-½ dj fy;kA tks/kiq j esa 'kkafr O;oLFkk LFkkfir
djus ds uke ij 1835 bZ- es a ̂tksèkiq j yhft;u* dk xBu
dj mlds [kpZ ds fy, ,d yk[k iUnzg gtkj #i;s
okf"kZd tks/kiqj jkT; ls olw yk tkus yxsA 1841 bZ- es a
^es okM+ Hkhy dks j* dh LFkkiuk es okM+ jkT; ds [kpZ ij dh xbZ] 1822 bZ- es a ̂es jokM+ k cVkfy;u*] 1834 bZ- es a ̂’ks[kkokVh
fczxsM* dh LFkkiuk dj bldk [kpkZ lEcfU/kr jkT;ks a ls
olw yk tkus yxk] tcfd bu lSfud VqdfM+;ks a ij fu;a =.k
,oa funs Z’ku vaxz stks a dk FkkA blh izdkj 1825&30 ds
nkS jku Hkhyks a ds fonz ksg dks nckus ds fy, vaxzstks a us lSfud
lgk;rk nh rFkk lSfud [kpZ egkjk.kk ds uke ij _.k ds
:i es a fy[k fn;k vkSj fQj 6 izfr’kr C;kt yxkdj og
jkf’k olw y dh xbZA¼ 4 ½¼ 4 ½¼ 4 ½¼ 4 ½¼ 4 ½ jkT;ks a dk f’kfFky iz’ kklu jkT;ks a dk f’kfFky iz’ kklu jkT;ks a dk f’kfFky iz’ kklu jkT;ks a dk f’kfFky iz’ kklu jkT;ks a dk f’kfF ky iz’ kklu
laf/k;ks a ds ckn jktiw r jkT;ks a dks cká vkØe.kks a
dk Hk; u jgk vkSj vkUrfjd fonz ksg ds le; Hkh vaxz sth
lgk;rk miyC/k jghA iz’kklfud ekeyks a esa jsthMs.V dk
n[ky vf/kdkfèkd c
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8/17/2019 Rajasthan Adhyayan
5/110
jktLFk ku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFk ku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFk ku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFk ku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&33
jkT;ks a ds [kpZ es a vizR;kf’kr of̀) gqbZA vaxz stks a us jkT;ks a ls
vf/kdkf/kd f[kjkt ysus dk iz;kl fd;k rFkk vaxz st jsthMs.V o lSfud cVkfy;uks a ds Åij Hkh jktkvksa dks
vf/kd [kpZ ds fy, ck/; fd;k x;kA blds lkFk gh
fodkl dk;ks ± ¼jsyos] flapkbZ] lM+d] f’k{kk] fpfdRlk½ ij
[kpZ djus ls Hkh jkT;ks a ds [kpZ es a of̀) gqbZ] tcfd
O;kikj ij vaxz sth vkf/kiR; LFkkfir gks tkus ls jkT;ks a
dh vk; es a deh vkbZA vr% jkT;ksa ds lkjs [kpZ dh iw frZ
dk Hkkj Hkw fe&dj ij gh vk iM+ kA blfy, Hkw fe dj
c
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8/17/2019 Rajasthan Adhyayan
6/110
jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFk ku v/;;u Hkkx&3 4
¼1½ ,-th-th- us 15oha caxky bUQsUVªh tks vtes j es a Fkh]
mls vfo’okl ds dkj.k ulhjkckn es a Hkst fn;k FkkA bl vfo’okl ds pyrs mues a vla rks"k iuikA
¼2½ es jB es a gq, fonz ksg dh lw puk ds i’pkr~ vaxz st lSU;
vf/kdkfj;ks a us ulhjkckn fLFkr lSfud Nkouh dh j{kkFkZ
QLVZ cEcbZ ykallZ ds mu lSfudks a ls] tks oQknkj le>s
tkrs Fks] x’r yxokuk izkjEHk fd;kA rksiksa dks rS;kj j[kk
x;kA vr% ulhjkckn es a tks 15oha usfVo bUQsUVªh Fkh]
mlds lSfudks a us lkspk fd vaxz stks a us ;g dk;Z okgh Hkh
Hkkjrh; lSfudks a dks dqpyus ds fy, dh gS rFkk xksyk&ck:n ls Hkjh rksis a muds fo#) iz;ksx djus ds fy, rS;kj dh xbZ
gSA vr% mues a fonz ksg dh Hkkouk tkx` r gqbZA
¼3½ caxky vkSj fnYyh ls Nn~e/kkjh lk/kqvks a us pchZ
okys dkjrw lks a ds fo#) izpkj dj fonz ksg dk lans’k iz lkfjr
fd;k] ftlls vQokgks a dk cktkj xeZ gks x;kA oLrq r%
1857 ds fonzksg dk rkRdkfyd dkj.k pchZ okys dkjrw lks a
dks ysdj FkkA ,uQhYM jkbQyksa esa iz;ksx es a fy, tkus
okys dkjrw l dh Vksih ¼dsi½ dks nk¡rks a ls gVkuk iM+ rk FkkA
bu dkjrw lks a dks fpduk djus ds fy, xk; rFkk lw vj dh
pchZ dke es a ykbZ tkrh FkhA bldk irk pyrs gh
fgUnw &eqlyeku lHkh lSfudks a es a fonz ksg dh Hkkouk cyorh
gks xbZA lSfudks a us ;g le>k fd vaxz st mUgs a /keZ Hkz"V
djuk pkgrs gS aA ;gh dkj.k Fkk fd Økafr dk iz kjEHk fu;r
frfFk ls igys gks x;kA
jktLFkku esa Økafr dk iz kjEHk 28 ebZ] 1857 dks28 ebZ] 1857 dks28 ebZ] 1857 dks28 ebZ] 1857 dks28 ebZ] 1857 dks
ulhjkckn Nkouh ulhjkckn Nkouh ulhjkckn Nkouh ulhjkckn Nkouh ulhjkckn Nkouh ds 15oha caxky usfVo bUQsUVªh ds
lSfudksa }kjk gqvkA ulhjkckn Nkouh ds lSfudks a es a 28ebZ] 1857 dks fonz ksg dj Nkouh dks yw V fy;k rFkk vaxz st
vf/kdkfj;ksa ds caxyks a ij vkØe.k fd;sA estj LiksfVl
oqM ,oa U;w cjh dh gR;k ds ckn 'ks"k vaxz stks a us ulhjkckn
NksM+ fn;kA Nkouh dks yw Vus ds ckn fonz ksgh lSfudksa us
fnYyh dh vksj iz LFkku fd;kA bu lSfudksa us 18 tw u]
1857 dks fnYyh igq ¡pdj vaxzst iyVu dks ijkftr
fd;k] tks fnYyh dk ?ksjk Mkys gq, FkhA
ulhjkckn dh Økafr dh lw puk uhepuhepuhepuhepuhep igq ¡pus ij 3
tw u] 1857 dks uhep Nkouh ds Hkkjrh; lSfudks a us fonz ksg dj fn;kA mUgks aus 'kL=kxkj dks vkx yxk nh rFkk vaxz st
vf/kdkfj;ksa ds caxyks a ij geyk dj ,d vaxz st lkts ZUV
dh iRuh rFkk cPpks a dk o/k dj fn;kA uhep Nkouh ds
lSfud fpÙkkSM+] gEehjx
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8/17/2019 Rajasthan Adhyayan
7/110
jktLFk ku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFk ku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFk ku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFk ku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&35
Lo;a ,d lsuk ysdj vkmok igq ¡pkA exj 18 flrEcj]
1857 dks og fonz ksfg;ks a ls ijkLr gqvkA bl la?k"kZ dsnkS jku tks/kiq j dk iksfyfVdy ,tsUV eksd es lu Økafrdkfj;ks a
ds gkFkks a ekjk x;kA mldk flj vkmok ds fdys ds }kj
ij yVdk fn;k x;kA vDVw cj] 1857 es a tks/kiq j yhft;+u
ds Økafrdkjh lSfud fnYyh dh vks j dw p dj x;sA fczxsfM;j
gks sEl ds v/khu ,d lsuk us 29 tuojh] 1858 dks vkmok
ij vkØe.k dj fn;kA fot; dh mEehn u jgus ij
dq’kkyflag us fdyk lyw acj es a 'kj.k yhA mlds ckn Bkdq j
iF̀ohflag us fonz ksfg;ks a dk us rR̀o fd;kA vUr es a] vkmok dsfdysnkj dks fj’or nsdj vaxz stks a us viuh vks j feyk fy;k
vkS j fdys ij vf/kdkj dj fy;kA vaxz stks a us ;gk¡ vekuoh;
vR;kpkj fd, ,oa vkmok dh egkdkyh dh ew frZ ¼lqxkyh
ekrk½ dks vtes j ys x;sA
dksVk dksVk dksVk dksVk dksVk es a jktdh; lsuk rFkk vke turk us vaxzstks a
ds fo#) la?k"kZ fd;kA 14 vDVw cj] 1857 dks dksVk ds
iksfyfVdy ,tsUV estj cVZu us dksVk egkjko jkeflag jkeflag jkeflag jkeflag jkeflag
f}rh;f}rh;f}rh;f}rh;f}rh; ls Hks aV dj vaxzst fojksèkh vf/kdkfj;ks a dks nf.Mr djus dk lq>ko fn;kA exj egkjko us vf/kdkfj;ks a ds
vius fu;a =.k es a u gksus dh ckr dgrs gq, cVZu ds
lq>ko dks ekuus ls bUdkj dj fn;kA 15 vDVw cj] 1857
dks dksVk dh lsuk us jsthMsUlh dks ?ks jdj estj cVZu
vkSj mlds iq =ks a rFkk ,d MkWDVj dh gR;k dj nhA estj
cVZu dk flj dksVk 'kgj es a ?kqek;k x;k rFkk egkjko dk
egy ?ks j fy;kA fonz ksgh lsuk dk us rR̀o fjlkynkj esgjkc[kk¡
vkS j ykyk t;n;ky dj jgs FksA fonz ksgh lsuk dks dksVk ds vf/kdka’k vf/kdkfj;ks a o fdysnkjks a dk Hkh lg;ksx o
leFkZu iz kIr gks x;kA fonzksfg;ks a us jkT; ds Hk.Mkjks a]
jktdh; caxyks a] nqdkuks a] 'kL=kxkjks a] dks"kkxkj ,oa dks rokyh
ij vf/kdkj dj fy;kA dksVk egkjko dh fLFkfr vlgk;
gks x;hA og ,d izdkj ls egy dk dSnh gks x;kA ykyk
t;n;ky vkS j esgjkc[kk¡ us leLr iz’kklu vius gkFk es a
ys fy;k vkS j ftyk vf/kdkfj;ks a dks jktLo olw yh ds
vkns’k fn;s x;sA esgjkc[kk¡ vkS j t;n;ky us egkjko dks
,d ijokus ij gLrk{kj djus ds fy, foo’k fd;k] ftles a
estj cVZu o mlds iq =ks a dh gR;k egkjko ds vkns’k lsdjus ,oa ykyk t;n;ky dks eq[; iz’kklfud vf/kdkjh
fu;qDr djus dh ckrks a dk mYys[k FkkA yxHkx N% eghus
rd fonz ksfg;ks a dk iz’kklu ij fu;a =.k jgkA dksVk ds
tulkekU; esa Hkh vaxzstks a ds fo#) rhoz vkØks’k FkkA
mUgks aus fonz ksfg;ks a dks viuk leFkZu o lg;ksx fn;kA
tuojh] 1858 es a djkSyh ls lSfud lgk;rk feyus ij
egkjko ds lSfudks a us Økafrdkfj;ks a dks x
-
8/17/2019 Rajasthan Adhyayan
8/110
jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFk ku v/;;u Hkkx&3 6
us Hkjriqj NksM+ fn;kA exj Hkjriq j ls fonzksfg;ks a ds pys
tkus ij ogk¡ ruko dk okrkoj.k cuk jgkA
djkSyh djkSyh djkSyh djkSyh djkSyh ds 'kkld egkjko enuiky us vaxz st
vf/kdkfj;ks a dk lkFk fn;kA egkjko us viuh lsuk vaxzstks a
dks lkSai nh rFkk dksVk egkjko dh lgk;rk ds fy, Hkh
viuh lsuk HksthA mlus viuh turk ls fonz ksg es a Hkkx
u ysus o fonz ksfg;ks a dk lkFk u nsus dh vihy dhA
vyoj vyoj vyoj vyoj vyoj Hkh Økafrdkjh Hkkoukvks a ls vNw rk ugha FkkA
vyoj ds nhoku QStqYyk [kk¡ dh lgkuqHkw fr Økafrdkfj;ks a
ds lkFk FkhA egkjktk cUusflag us vaxzstks a dh lgk;rkFkZ
vkxjk lsuk HksthA vyoj jkT; dh xqtZj turk dh
lgkuqHkw fr Hkh Økafrdkfj;ks a ds lkFk FkhA
chdkusj chdkusj chdkusj chdkusj chdkus j egkjkt ljnkjflag jktLFkku dk vdsyk
,slk 'kkld Fkk tks lsuk ysdj fonzksfg;ksa dks nckus ds
fy, jkT; ls ckgj Hkh x;kA egkjktk us iatkc esa
fonzksg dks nckus esa vaxzstksa dk lg;ksx fd;kA egkjktk
us vaxzstksa dks 'kj.k rFkk lqj{kk Hkh iznku dhA vaxzst fojks/kh Hkkoukvksa ij egkjktk us dM+k :[k viukdj
mu ij fu;a=.k j[kkA
esokM esokM esokM esokM es okM+ egkjk.kk Lo:iflag us viuh lsuk fonz ksfg;ks a
dks nckus ds fy, vaxzstksa dh lgk;rkFkZ HksthA m/kj
egkjk.kk ds lEcU/k u rks vius ljnkjks a ls vPNs Fks vkS j
u dEiuh ljdkj lsA egkjk.kk vius lkea rks a dks izHkkoghu
djuk pkgrk FkkA bl le; egkjk.kk vkS j dEiuh ljdkj
nksuks a dks gh ,d&nw ljs dh vko’;drk FkhA es jB fonzksg dh lw puk vkus ij es okM+ esa Hkh fonzksgh xfrfof/k;ks a ij
vadq’k yxkus ds fy, vko’;d dne mBk;s x;sA uhep
ds Økafrdkjh uhep Nkouh esa vkx yxkus ds ckn ekxZ ds
lSfud [ktkuksa dks yw Vrs gq, 'kkgiq jk igq ¡psA 'kkgiq jk
es okM+ dk gh fBdkuk FkkA 'kkgiq jk ds 'kkld us Økafrdkfj;ks a
dks lg;ksx iznku fd;kA es okM+ dh lsuk Økafrdkfj;ks a dk
ihNk djrs gq, 'kkgiqjk igq ¡ph rFkk Lo;a dIrku Hkh
'kkgiq jk vk x;k ijUrq 'kkgiqjk ds 'kkld us fdys ds
njokts ugha [kksysA egkjk.kk us vusd vaxz stks a dks 'kj.k
rFkk lqj{kk Hkh iznku dhA ;|fi jkT; dh turk es avaxz stks a ds fo#) jks"k fo|eku FkkA turk us fonz ksg ds
nkSjku jsthMs.V dks xkfy;k¡ fudkydj vius xq Lls dk
btgkj fd;kA es okM+ ds lyw Ecj o dksBkfj;k ds lkeUrks a
us Økafrdkfj;ks a dk lg;ksx fn;kA bu lkeUrks a us Bkdq j
dq’kkyflag o rkaR;k Vksis dh lgk;rk dhA
ck¡lokM+ k ck¡lokM+ k ck¡lokM+ k ck¡lokM+ k ck¡lokM+k dk 'kkld egkjkoy y{e.k flag Hkh
fonz ksg ds nkS jku vaxz stks a dk lg;ksxh cuk jgkA 11
fnlEcj] 1857 dks rkaR;k Vksis us ck¡lokM+ k ij vf/kdkj dj fy;kA egkjkoy jkt/kkuh NksM+dj Hkkx x;kA jkT;
ds ljnkjksa us fonzksfg;ksa dk lkFk fn;kA
Mw ¡xjiqj] tSlyes j] fljksgh vkS j cw ¡nh ds 'kkldka s a us
Hkh fonz ksg ds nkSjku vaxzstksa dh lgk;rk dhA
fu"d"kZr% ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd jktiw rkus es a
ulhjkckn] vkmok] dksVk] ,fjuiqjk rFkk ns oyh lSfud
fonz ksg ,oa Økafr ds izeq[k dsUnz FksA bues a Hkh dksVk lokZf/kd izHkkfor LFkku jgkA dksVk dh Økafr dh ;g Hkh
mYys[kuh; ckr jgh fd bles a jkT;kf/kdkjh Hkh Økafrdkfj;ks a
ds lkFk Fks rFkk mUgs a turk dk izcy leFkZu FkkA os
pkgrs Fks dksVk dk egkjko vaxz stksa ds fo#) gks tk;s rks
os egkjko dk us rR̀o Lohdkj dj ys axs fdUrq egkjko bl
ckr ij lger ugha gq,A vkmok dk Bkdq j dq’kkyflag dks
ekjokM+ ds lkFk es okM+ ds dqN lkea rks a ,oa tulk/kkj.k dk
leFkZu ,oa lg;ksx iz kIr gksuk vlkèkkj.k ckr FkhA ,fjuiq jk
Nkouh ds iwfcZ;k lSfudks a us Hkh mlds vaxzst fojks/kh la?k"kZ
es a lkFk fn;k FkkA tksèkiq j yhft;u ds Økafrdkjh lSfudks a
us vkmok ds Bkdq j ds us r`Ro esa ysf¶VusaV gsFkdksV dks
gjk;k FkkA vkmok ds fonzksg dks fczfV’k loksZPprk
ds fo#) tu laxz ke ds :i es a ns[kus ij fdlh dks
dksbZ vkifÙk ugha gksuk pkfg;sA t;iq j] Hkjriq j] Vks ad es a
tulk/kkj.k us vius 'kkldks a dh uhfr ds fo#) fonz ksfg;ks a
dk lkFk fn;kA /kkSyiq j es a Økafrdkfj;ks a us jkT; iz’kklu
vius gkFkks a esa ys fy;k FkkA
-
8/17/2019 Rajasthan Adhyayan
9/110
jktLFk ku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFk ku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFk ku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFk ku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&37
1857 ds Lora =rk laxz ke ds nkS jku jktLFkku dh
turk ,oa tkxhjnkjks a us fonz ksfg;ks a dks lg;ksx ,oa leFkZu fn;kA rkaR;k Vksis dks Hkh jktLFkku dh turk ,oa dbZ
lkeUrks a us lgk;rk iznku dhA dksVk] Vks ad] ck¡lokM+ k vkS j
Hkjriqj jkT;ks a ij dqN le; rd fonzksfg;ks a dk vf/kdkj
jgk] ftls tu leFkZu iz kIr FkkA jktLFkku dh turk us
vaxz stks a ds fo#) ?k`.kk dk [kqyk izn’kZu fd;kA mn;iq j
es a s dIrku 'kkolZ dks cqjk&Hkyk dgk x;k] tcfd tks/kiq j
es a dIrku lnjyS.M ds Lekjd ij iRFkj cjlk;sA fQj
Hkh fonz ksfg;ks a es a fdlh loZekU; usrR̀o dk u gksuk] vkilh leUo; ,oa j.kuhfr dh deh] 'kkldks a dk vlg;ksx rFkk
lkèkuks a ,oa 'kL=ks a dh deh ds dkj.k ;g Økafr vlQy
jghA
Økafr dk lekiu Økafr dk lekiu Økafr dk lekiu Økafr dk lekiu Økafr dk lekiu
Økafr dk vUr loZizFke fnYyh esa gqvk] tgk¡ 21
flrEcj] 1857 dks eqxy ckn’kkg dks ifjokj lfgr cUnh
cuk fy;kA tw u] 1858 rd vaxzstks a us vf/kdka’k LFkkuks a ij
iqu% viuk fu;U=.k LFkkfir dj fy;kA fda rq rkaR;k Vksis
us la?k"kZ tkjh j[kkA vaxz stks a us mls idM+us es a lkjh 'kfDr
yxk nhA ;g Lej.k jgs fd rkaR;k Vksis us jktLFkku ds
lkeUrksa rFkk tu lk/kkj.k es a mÙkstuk dk lapkj fd;k
FkkA ijUrq jktiw rkuk ds lg;ksx ds vHkko es a rkaR;k Vksis
dks LFkku&LFkku ij HkVduk iM+ kA va r es a] mls idM+
fy;k x;k vkSj Qka lh ij p
-
8/17/2019 Rajasthan Adhyayan
10/110
jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFk ku v/;;u Hkkx&3 8
dk izlkj dj ,d f'kf{kr oxZ [kM+ k fd;k x;k] tks muds
fy, mi;ksxh gks ldsA vFkZ rU= dh etcw rh ds fy, oS'; leqnk; dks laj{k.k nsus dh uhfr viukbZA ckn es a oS';
leqnk; jktLFkku es a vkS j vf/kd izHkkoh cu x;kA
1857 dh Økafr us vaxz stks a dh bl /kkj.kk dks
fujk/kkj fl) dj fn;k fd eqxyks a ,oa ejkBks a dh yw V ls
=Lr jktLFkku dh turk fczfV’k 'kklu dh leFkZd gSA
ijUrq ;g Hkh lp gS fd Hkkjr fons’kh tq;s dks m[kkM+
Qs adus ds izFke cM+ s iz;kl es a vlQy jgkA jktLFkku es a
QSyh Økafr dh Tokyk us v)Z 'krkCnh ds i’pkr~ Hkh LorU=rk laxz ke ds nkS jku yksxks a dks la?k"kZ djus dh iz s j.kk
nh] ;gh Økafr dk egÙo le>uk pkfg,A
Økafr dk Lo:i ¼1857½Økafr dk Lo:i ¼1857½Økafr dk Lo:i ¼1857½Økafr dk Lo:i ¼1857½Økafr dk Lo:i ¼1857½
1857 dh ?kVuk dks yEcs le; rd lSfud fonz ksg
;k foIyo ds uke ls lEcksf/kr fd;k tkrk jgkA ijUrq
vk/kqfud fo}kuks a] bfrgkldkjks a ,oa f'k{kkfonks a ds fopkj
&foe'kZ ds ckn ;g ekuk x;k fd ØkfUr dk Lo:i ds oy lSfud fonz ksg gh ugha Fkk cfYd ;g jk"Vªh; tu
ØkfUr FkhA fQj Hkh fdlh ?kVuk ij er foHksn gksuk
vuqfpr ugha gSA
fu%lUnsg 1857 dk o"kZ jktLFkku lfgr Hkkjr ds
fy, ;knxkj o"kZ jgk] D;ks afd ,s lh egku ?kVuk Hkkjrh;
bfrgkl dh igyh ?kVuk FkhA Hkkoh LorU=rk laxz ke uss
ns’kHkDrks a vkS j fo'ks"k :i ls Økafrdkfj;ks a ij vlk/kkj.k
izHkko M+ kykA ;g ?kVuk muds fy, izs j.kk dk L=ks r cuhA lEiw .kZ jk"Vª }kjk 1857 dh 150 oha t;Urh o"kZ 2007 es a
mRlkgiw oZd eukuk gh ?kVuk ds egRo ,oa izHkko dks
n’kkZ rh gSA okLrfod vFkks Z es a fonzksg ds Lo:i ds ckjs es a
egRoiw .kZ rF; ;g gS fd fdlh Økafr dk Lo:i ds oy
ml Økafr ds izkjEHk djus okyks a ds y{;ks a ls fu/kkZfjr ugha
gks ldrk] cfYd blls fu/kkZfjr gksrk gS fd ml Økafr us
viuh D;k Nki NksM+hA
1857 dh ?kVuk ds Lo:i dks ysdj fo}kuks a es a
vusd er gS S aA fczfV'k bfrgkldkjks a us bls lSfud fonz ksg
dgk gS tcfd xSj fczfV'k fo}kuks a us bl ?kVuk dks tu vkØks'k dh laKk nh gSA Hkkjrh; bfrgkldkjks a es a izeq[k
:i ls vkj-lh- etw enkj] lq jsUnz ukFk lsu ,a o v'kksd
esgrk vkfn us 1857 dh egku ?kVuk dks tu lk/kkj.k
dk jk"Vªh; vkUnksyu dgk gS] ftles a fgUnw &eqfLye lcus
feydj fczfV'k 'kklu dk fojks/k fd;kA
;gk¡ gekjs fy, ;g mfpr gksxk fd ge jktLFkku
ds ifjiz s{; es a bl ?kVuk dh leh{kk djs aA ekjokM+ ds
[;kr ys[kd ckadhnkl] cw¡nh ds lkfgR;dkj lw ;ZeYy ehl.k us viuh Ñfr;ksa vFkok i=ks a ds ek/;e ls xqykeh
djus okys jktiw r 'kkldks a dks f/kDdkjk gSA lw;ZeYy
ehl.k us ihiY;k ds Bkdq j Qw yflag dks fy[ks ,d i= es a
jktiw r 'kkldks a dks xqykeh djus dh euks of̀Ùk dh dVq
vkykspuk dh FkhA vkmok o vU; dqN Bkdq jks a us] ftues a
lyw Ecj Hkh 'kkfey gS] vius {ks =ks a es a pkj.kks a }kjk ,s ls xhr
jpok;s] ftues a mudh Nfo vaxz st fojks/kh ekyw e gks rh gSA
jktLFkku es a Økafr dh 'kq#vkr 1857 ls gqbZ] tc
;gk¡ ds fczfV’k vf/kdkjh Hkkxdj C;koj dh vks j x;s] rc
jkLrs es a xzkeh.k mu ij vkØe.k djus ds fy, [kM+ s FksA
dIrku fizpkMZ us Lohdkj fd;k gS fd ;fn cEcbZ ykWUlj
ds lSfud muds lkFk u gks rs rks mudk cps jguk vklku
ugha FkkA mlds vuq lkj ekxZ esa fdlh Hkh Hkkjrh; us
muds izfr lgkuqHkw fr iznf’kZr ugha dhA mlus vkxs fy[kk
gS fd bl ?kVuk ds 24 ?k.Vs igys ,s lh fLFkfr ugha FkhA
bu vaxz stksa ds ?kjsyw ukSdjksa es a muds izfr mis{kk dk Hkko ns[kk x;kA Økafrdkjh ftl ekxZ ls Hkh xqtjs] yksxksa us
mudk gkfnZd Lokxr fd;kA e/; Hkkjr dk yksdfiz;
us rk rkWR;k Vksis tgk¡ Hkh x;k] turk us mldk vfHkuUnu
fd;k rFkk mls jln vkfn iznku dhA tks/kiq j ds ljdkjh
fjdkMZ esa ;g Li"V mYys[k feyrk gS fd tc ,-th-th-
tkWtZ ykWjsUl us vkmok ij p
-
8/17/2019 Rajasthan Adhyayan
11/110
jktLFk ku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFk ku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFk ku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFk ku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&39
rc jktdh; 'kksd eukrs gq, fdys es a ukScr ctkuk cUn gks
tkrk FkkA fda rq dIrku ekWd es lu dh eR̀;q ds ckn ,s lk ugha fd;k x;k] tcfd fdysnkj vukM+flag dh e`R;q gksus
ij fdys esa ukScr ctkuk cUn j[k x;kA vkmok Bkdq j
dq’kkyflag }kjk fczfV’k lsukvksa dh VDdj ysus ls ?kVuk
dks ml le; ds lkfgR; esa loksZPp LFkku iznku fd;k
x;k gSA
jktLFkku ds lanHkZ es a 1857 dh Økafr dk v/;;u
vkSj fo’ys"k.k djus ls ;g fofnr gksrk gS fd jktLFkku
es a ;g egku~ ?kVuk fdlh la;ksx dk ifj.kke ugha Fkh]vfirq ;g rks fczfV’k lÙkk ds fo#) loZO;kih jks"k dk
ifj.kke FkhA ;gh dkj.k gS fd vkmok dh turk lSfudks a
ds tkus ds ckn Hkh yM+ rh jghA ulhjkckn] uhep vkS j
,fjuiqjk dh ?kVuk,¡ fu%lUnsg HkkjrO;kih Økafr dk vax
Fkh] ysfdu dksVk vkSj vkmok dh ?kVuk,¡ LFkkuh;
ifjfLFkfr;ks a dk ifj.kke Fkh vkS j mues a fczfV’k fojksèkh
Hkkouk fufoZokn :i ls fo|eku FkhA Vks ad vkSj dksVk dh
turk us rks fonz ksfg;ks a ls feydj la?k"kZ esa Hkkx fy;k FkkA
tu vkØks’k ds dkj.k gh Hkjriqj ds 'kkld us
eks jhlu dks jkT; NksM+us dk ijke’kZ fn;k FkkA dksVk ds
egkjko us Hkh estj cVZu dks dksVk ugha vkus ds fy, dgk
FkkA tu vkØks’k ds dkj.k gh etcw jho’k Vks ad ds uokc
us vaxz stks a dks vius jkT; dh lhek ls ugha xqtjus ds
fy, dgk FkkA
va r es a] ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd jktLFkku dh
turk vaxz stks a dks fQjaxh dgrh Fkh vkS j vius /keZ dks
cuk;s j[kus ds fy, muls eqfDRk pkgrh FkhA dqN LFkkuks a
ij LFkkuh; turk us Hkh bl la?k"kZ es a Hkkx fy;k Fkk] rks
vU; LFkkuks a ij turk dk uSfrd leFkZu iz kIr FkkA ;g
dgus es a ges a ladksp ugha djuk pkfg, fd 1857 dk ;g
la?k"kZ fons’kh 'kklu ls eqDr gksus dk izFke iz;kl FkkA bl
Økafr dks ;fn jktLFkku dk izFke LorU=rk laxz ke dgk
tk;s rks lEHkor% vuqfpr ugha gksxkA
II
jktuhfrd tkxj.k ,oa LorU=rk jktuhfrd tkxj.k ,oa LorU=rk jktuhfrd tkxj.k ,oa LorU=rk jktuhfrd tkxj.k ,oa LorU=rk jktuhfrd tkxj.k ,oa LorU=rk vkUnksyu esa fofHkUu rÙoksa dk ;ksxnku vkUnksyu esa fofHkUu rÙoksa dk ;ksxnku vkUnksyu esa fofHkUu rÙoksa dk ;ksxnku vkUnksyu esa fofHkUu rÙoksa dk ;ksxnku vkUnksyu esa fofHkUu rÙoksa dk ;ksxnku
1857 dh Økafr dh Hkw fedk ;|fi jktLFkku es a dqN
LFkkuks a ij vR;f/kd izHkkoh jgh Fkh fda rq vf/kdka’k jkT;
blls vNw rs jgsA 1857 dh Økafr dh vlQyrk ds dkj.k
ns’k ds vuq:i jktLFkku es a Hkh vaxzstksa dk opZ Lo LFkkfir
gks x;kA jktLFkku ds vf/kdka’k 'kkld vaxzstks a ds izfr
J)k ,oa HkfDr izn’kZu dh nkSM+ es a 'kkfey gks x;sA ,s lk
djds os Lo;a dks xkS jokfUor le>us yxsA ,s lh ifjfLFkfr;ks a
esa jkT; dh iztk es a Hkh vaxz stksa dh vts;rk dh Hkkouk dk
?kj djuk vLokHkkfod ugha FkkA jktdh; dk;ks ± ,oa tu
dY;k.k dh Hkkouk ds izfr 'kkldks a dh mnklhurk us iztk
ds d"Vksa dks vlguh; cuk fn;kA lkeUrks a dh 'kks"k.k
iz of̀Ùk ;Fkkor cuhA ijUrq lnS o ,d tS lh fLFkfr cuh ugha
jg ldrh gSA fLFkfr es a cnyko ds lads r ckgj ls ugha]
vUnj ls gh vkus FksA jkT; dh turk gh cnyko dh
la okgd cuhA ns jh ls gh lgh] jktLFkku es a jktuhfrd
ps ruk dk fodkl gqvkA jk"Vª ds lksp es a ifjorZu ds lkFk
ns’kh fj;klrks a es a Hkh jk"Vªoknh Hkkoukvksa us tUe fy;kA
tu vkUnksyuks a us Hkh LFkkuh; Lrj ij viuh txg cukdj
ekgkSy dks mÙksftr dj fn;kA jkT; dh neukRed uhfr;ks a
,oa fczfV’k ljdkj ds dBks j n`f"Vdks.k ds ckotw n turk
us vius vf/kdkjks a dh yM+ kbZ yM+ hA 'kklu es a lq/kkj ,oa
Hkkxhnkjh ds fy, vkokt mBkbZA vktknh dh vfUre
yM+ kbZ ds nkS jku jk"Vª ds cM+ s usrkvks a dks bl ckr dk vglkl gks x;k Fkk fd vc ns’kh fj;klrks a dks ijkèkhu
cukdj vf/kd le; rd ugha j[kk tk ldrkA vkf[kj]
jk"Vª dh LorU=rk izkfIr ds i’pkr~ jktLFkku dh ns’kh
fj;klrks a dk Hkh Hkkjrh; la?k es a foyhuhdj.k gks x;kA
;g dgus dh vko’;drk ugha gS fd jktLFkku es a
LorU=rk ls iw oZ tutkxj.k ykus dk dk;Z ftu us rkvks a
us fd;k] mues a ns’kHkfDr dk tyok FkkA os ledkyhu
lekt ,oa jktuhfr dks ysdj fpfUrr ,oa O;fFkr FksA os
-
8/17/2019 Rajasthan Adhyayan
12/110
jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFk ku v/;;u Hkkx&3 10
Økafrdkjh fopkjks a ls ;qDr FksA muds utfj;s es a LorU=rk
vkUnksyu ls rkRi;Z ds oy jktuhfrd LorU=rk iz kIr djus ls ugha FkkA os lkekftd leL;kvks a ,oa dqjhfr;ks a
ds fujkdj.k] fL=;ks a dh nqnZ’kk lq/kkjus rFkk Ñ"kdks a dk
'kks"k.k] fuj{kjrk] csxkjh vkfn ds mUew yu ds fy, Hkh Ñr
ladYi FksA os pj[kk] [kknh] xzke&LokoyEcu] lkekftd
U;k; dks ckus
dh 'kiFk yhA xksfoUn xq# us mUgs a cSB&csxkj vkS j xS j
okftc ykxrs a ugha nsus ds fy, vkºoku fd;kA bl
vf/kos’ku ds i’pkr~ gj o"kZ vkf’ou 'kqDyk iw f.kZek dks
ekux
-
8/17/2019 Rajasthan Adhyayan
13/110
jktLFk ku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFk ku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFk ku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFk ku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&311
dkjkokl es a rCnhy dj nhA va r esa os 10 o"kZ es a gh fjgk
gks x;sA xksfoUn xq# vfga lk ds i{kèkj Fks o mudh 'osr /otk 'kkafr dh iz rhd FkhA vkt Hkh Hkhy lekt es a xksfoUn
xq# dk iw tuh; LFkku gSA
jktLFkku ds vkfnokfl;ks a es a xksfoUn xq# ds i’pkr~
lcls egÙoiw.kZ LFkku gS] eksrhyky rstkor dkA
vkfnokfl;ksa ij
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8/17/2019 Rajasthan Adhyayan
14/110
jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFk ku v/;;u Hkkx&3 12
fdlku vkUnksyuks a es a fL=;ks a us c
-
8/17/2019 Rajasthan Adhyayan
15/110
jktLFk ku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFk ku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFk ku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFk ku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&313
dh f’k{kk Hkh nh tkus yxhA vk;Z lekt us lkekftd
dqjhfr;ks a dk fojks/k fd;kA vtes j es a gjfoykl 'kkjnk o pkUndj.k 'kkjnk us lkekftd dqjhfr;ks a ds fojks/k es a
vkokt mBk;hA vk;Z lekt us [kknh izpkj] gfjtu m)kj]
f’k{kk ds izpkj&izlkj dks viuk fe’ku cuk;kA Hkjriq j es a
tutkxf̀r iSnk djus okys ekLVj vkfnR;sUnz o tqxy
fd’kks j prq os Znh vk;Z lekt ds gh dk;ZdÙkkZ FksA
lekpkj i=k sa dk ;ksxnku lekpkj i=k sa dk ;ksxnku lekpkj i=k sa dk ;ksxnku lekpkj i=k sa dk ;ksxnku lekpkj i=k sa dk ;ksxnku
vKkurk dks feVkus vkS j tu ps ruk ds iz lkj es a iz s l
dh Hkw fedk fu.kkZ;d gksrh gSA jktLFkku esa lekpkj i=ks a
us tu tkxj.k es a tks ;ksxnku fn;k] mldk izek.k fctkSfy;k
fdlku vkUnksyu esa ns[kus dks feykA tc fctkSfy;k ds
vR;kpkjks a dk o.kZu ̂iz rki* uked lekpkj i= es a Nik rks
iw js ns’k es a bl ij ppkZ gksus yxhA jktLFkku ds jkT;ks a ds
vkUrfjd ekeyks a dk Kku lekpkj i=ks a ds ek/;e ls
turk es a igq ¡pus yxkA fot; flag ifFkd] jkeukjk;.k
pkS/kjh] t;ukjk;.k O;kl vkfn us rkvks a us jkT; dh
leL;kvks a ds fo"k; es a lekpkj i=ks a ds ek/;e ls ppkZ
iz kjEHk dhA ^jktiw rkuk xtV* ¼1885½ vkS j ^jktLFkku
lekpkj* ¼1889½ cgq r FkksM+ s le; ds i’pkr~ gh cUn gks
x;sA 1920 es a ifFkd us ^jktLFkku ds ljh* dk izdk’ku
igys o/kkZ ls vkS j fQj vtes j ls izkjEHk fd;kA 1922 es a
jktLFkku ls ok la?k us ^uohu jktLFkku* iz kjEHk fd;k
ftles a vkfnoklh ,oa fdlku vkUnksyuks a dk leFkZu fd;k
x;kA 1923 es a og cUn gks x;k ijUrq ̂r:.k jktLFkku* ds
uke ls bldk izdk’ku iqu% izkjEHk fd;k x;kA bles a Hkh Ñ"kd vkUnksyuks a ,oa vR;kpkjks a ij O;kid ppkZ gqbZA bl
i= ds lEiknu esa 'kksHkkyky xqIr] jkeukjk;.k pkS/kjh]
t;ukjk;.k O;kl vkfn us rkvksa us ljkguh; ;ksxnku
fn;kA tks/kiq j] fljksgh rFkk vU; jkT;ks a ds fujadq’k 'kkldks a
ds fo#) bl i= es a vkokt mBkbZ xbZA 1923 es a _f"knÙk
esgrk us C;koj ls ̂jktLFkku* uke dk lkIrkfgd v[kckj
fudkyuk iz kjEHk fd;kA 1930 ds ckn lekpkj i=ks a
dh la[;k c
-
8/17/2019 Rajasthan Adhyayan
16/110
jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFk ku v/;;u Hkkx&3 14
ykgkS j dks mnkjrkiw oZd foÙkh; lgk;rk nhA ,s ls izxfr’khy
'kkld ls fczfV’k ljdkj dk vlUrq"V gksuk LokHkkfod FkkA vUr es a] vyoj egkjktk dks fuokZflr gksuk iM+ kA
bl izdkj] jktLFkku ds ds oy dfri; 'kkldks a us gh
;gk¡ ds tu vkUnksyuks a ds izfr lgkuqHkw fr j[kus ,oa
izxfr’khy fopkjksa ds izdVhj.k dh fgEer tqVkbZ] ijUrq
viokn Lo;a csfelky gks rs gS aA
O;kikjh oxZ dh Hkwfedk O;kikjh oxZ dh Hkw fedk O;kikjh oxZ dh Hkwfedk O;kikjh oxZ dh Hkw fedk O;kikjh oxZ dh Hkwfedk
lÙkk ds fujadq’k iz;ksx ds fo#) vkokt mBkus es a
O;kikjh oxZ Hkh ihNs ugha jgkA izFke fo’o ;q) ds i’pkr~
bl oxZ dh /kkj.kk ,oa fopkj/kkjk lÙkk oxZ ds fo#)
gksus yxhA dydÙkk es a ,d izHkko’kkyh ekjokM+ h e.My
fodflr gks jgk Fkk] ftlus jk"Vª h; fopkj/kkjk dks iz ksRlkfgr
djus dk fu’p; fd;kA fj;klrksa es a O;kikjh oxZ dks
fBdkusnkjks a dh vgeU;rk [kVdrh FkhA os jktuhfrd
tkx:drk ykus ds fy, vius /ku dk iz;ksx djuk
pkgrs Fks] ftlls lkeUrh vuqÙkjnk;h O;ogkj fu;fU=r
gks ldsA fj;klrks a es a jktuhfrd ps ruk tkx` r djus
okyks a es a dfri; O;kikjh oxZ dh Hkw fedk ljkguh; jgh]
mnkgj.kkFkZ& chdkus j es a [kw cjke ljkZQ rFkk lR;ukjk;.k
ljkZQ] tks/kiqj es a vkuUnjkt lq jk.kk] pkaney lq jk.kk]
Hka ojyky ljkZQ] iz;kxjke Hk.Mkjh rFkk t;iq j es a Vhdkjke
ikyhoky] xqykcpUn dklyhoky vkfnA
C;koj ds lsB nkeksnjnkl jkBh ,d dq’ky
m|ksxifr Fks fdUrq mudk jktuhfrd dk;Z{ks = vtq Zuyky
lsBh] dsljhflag ckjgB] jko xksiky flag [kjok vkS j
fot;flag ifFkd ds lkFk gh FkkA Økafr ds ekxZ ij ;s
ik¡pks a jk"Vªoknh us rk ,d&nw ljs ds iw jd FksA nqfHkZ{k] ck
-
8/17/2019 Rajasthan Adhyayan
17/110
jktLFk ku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFk ku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFk ku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFk ku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&315
lk/kkj.k xg̀f.k;k¡ gh Fkha] ftudh fxurh vius dk;ks ± rFkk
miyfC/k;ksa ls vlk/kkj.k Js.kh esa dh tkrh gSA bues avatuk ns oh ¼iRuh&jkeukjk;.k pkS/kjh½] ukjk;.k ns oh ¼iRuh
ekf.kD; yky oekZ½] jru 'kkL=h ¼iRuh ghjkyky 'kkL=h½
vkfn FkhaA 1942 dh vxLr Økafr es a Nk=kvks a us vn~Hkqr
'kkS;Z dk izn’kZu fd;kA dksVk 'kgj es a rks jkeiq jk iqfyl
dks rokyh ij vf/kdkj djus okyks a es a Nk=k,¡ Hkh 'kkfey
FkhaA jktLFkku es a tu ps ruk ds fodkl es a jekns oh ik.Ms]
lqfe=k ns oh HkkxZ o] bfUnjk ns oh 'kkL=h] fo|k ns oh] xkS reh
ns oh HkkxZ o] euks jek if.Mr] euks jek V.Mu] fiz;oank prq os Znh vkS j fot;kckbZ dk ;ksxnku mYys[kuh; jgkA Mw ¡xjiq j dh
,d Hkhy ckyk dkyhckbZ 19 tw u] 1947 dks jkLrkiky
lR;kxzg es a vius f’k{kd ls axkHkkbZ dks cpkrs gq, 'kghn
gqbZA
Økafrdkfj;ksa dh Hkwfedk Økafrdkfj;ksa dh Hkwfedk Økafrdkfj;ksa dh Hkwfedk Økafrdkfj;ksa dh Hkwfedk Økafrdkfj;ksa dh Hkwfedk
Hkkjrh; ifjizs{; ds vuq:i gh jktiwrkuk esa
Økafrdkfj;ks a dh xfrfof/k;k¡ ns[kus dks feyrh gSA ;gk¡ Hkh
'kkld oxZ us fczfV’k lÙkk ds leku gh lkekU;r% jk"Vª oknh
xfrfof/k;ks a ij viuk f’kdatk dl fn;kA ,s lh ifjfLFkfr;ks a
es a Økafrdkjh xfrfof/k;ksa dks viuh txg cukus dk ekSdk
feykA caxky es a lfØ; Økafrdkfj;ks a us jktiwrkuk es a Hkh
lEidZ LFkkfir djds vius dk;Z{ks = dk foLrkj fd;kA
jktiw rkuk es a Økafrdkjh xfrfof/k;ks a ls lEc) jgus okyks a
es a fot;flag ifFkd] vtqZuyky lsBh] ds ljh flag ckjgB]
iz rkiflag ckjgB] jko xksiky flag [kjok ds uke fxuk;s
tk ldrs gS aA ;|fi Økafrdkfj;ks a dk vkUnksyu tu lk/kkj.k es a viuh tehu rS;kj u dj ldk] fQj Hkh lkea rh
lekt dh cngkyh] 'kkldks a dh mnklhurk o vaxzstks a ds
neu dh Hkw fedk vfoLej.kh; jghA jktLFkku es a Hkh iw js
jk"Vª ds leku lkekU;r% xka/khoknh rkS j&rjhds gh yksdfiz;
jgsA
vaxz st ljdkj Økafrdkjh xfrfof/k;ks a dks lekIr
djus ij vkenk FkhA blh flyflys es a ok;ljk; ykMZ
fe.Vks us vxLr 1909 esa jktLFkku es a jktkvksa dks
vius&vius jkT;ks a es a Økafrdkjh lkfgR; o lekpkj i=ks a
ij jksd yxkus rFkk Økafrdkjh xfrfof/k;ks a dks dqpyusds funs Z’k fn;sA Qyr% jkT;ks a us lekpkj i=ks a ij jksd
yxkus ds lkFk gh Økafrdkfj;ks a ds vkilh O;ogkj ,oa
O;k[;ku nsus ij jksd yxk nhA ijUrq jkT;ksa ds ;s
izfrcU/k dkjxj ugha gq, vkSj n`w Bs vkjksi es a tsy Mky fn;kA tsy
ls 6 o"kZ ckn eqDr ¼1920½ gksus ds ckn jk"Vªh; vkUnksyu
esa Hkkx fy;kA
[kjok Bkdq j xksikyflag us jklfcgkjh cks l ,oa
caxky ds Økafrdkfj;ks a ds lEidZ es a vkus ds dkj.k l’kL=
cy }kjk LorU=rk iz kfIr dk eu cuk;kA 21 Qjojh]
1915 dks l’kL= Økafr dh 'kq:vkr djus dk jktLFkku es a
-
8/17/2019 Rajasthan Adhyayan
18/110
jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFk ku v/;;u Hkkx&3 16
mÙkjnkf;Ro [kjok Bkdq j us fy;kA exj ;kstuk vlQy
gksus ij mUgs a VkMx
-
8/17/2019 Rajasthan Adhyayan
19/110
jktLFk ku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFk ku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFk ku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFk ku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&317
mUgks aus jktiw rks a es a f’k{kk iz lkj ij cy fn;k vkS j lkekftd
dqjhfr;ksa ls cpus dh lykg nhA
Lokeh xksikynkl dk tUe pw : ds lehi gqvk FkkA
mudk thou bl ckr dk ToyUr mnkgj.k gS fd fujadq’k
'kklu es a lkoZtfud fgr es a dk;Z djus okys dks fdruh
dfBukb;ks a dk lkeuk djuk iM+ rk gSA chdkus j ds izcq)
'kkld xaxkflag us Lokeh xksikynkl dks ijs’kku djus es a
dksbZ deh ugha dh] tcfd mudk nks"k ;g Fkk fd os
chdkus j dh okLrfod fLFkfr ls yksxks a dks voxr djk jgs
FksA lp rks ;g gS fd mUgks aus dbZ jpukRed dk;Z fd;s]tSls pw : es a yM+fd;ks a ds fy, Ldw y [kksyk] rkykcks a dh
ejEer djkbZ vks j dq,a [kqnok,A
[kjok dk Bkdqj jko xksikyflag us lkea r ifjokj
es a tUe ysdj Hkh ns’k ds Hkfo"; ds fy, viuh oa’k
ijEijkxr tkxhj dks ns’k dh vktknh ds fy, nka o ij
yxk fn;kA muds ckjs es a Bkdq j dsljhflag us fy[kk Fkk]
ßftl izdkj iatkc dks ykyk yktirjk; ij vkS j egkjk"Vª
dks cky xaxkèkj fryd ij xoZ gS] mlh izdkj jktLFkku
dks jko xksikyflag [kjok ij xoZ gSAÞ
bu mDr us rkvks a dh dk;Z iz.kkyh ij fopkj djs a rks
dgk tk ldrk gS fd bu us rkvks a dh ;kstuk,¡ rFkk
xfrfof/k;k¡ lkekftd dk;Z djus] f’k{kk dks izksRlkfgr
djus rFkk ns’kiz se dh Hkkouk QSykus dh FkhA ;g mYys[kuh;
gS fd ml le; vizxfr’khy :fk tkrk FkkA jkl fcgkjh ?kks"k] egf"kZ vjfoUn] 'kphUnz
lkU;ky ls fey ysuk gh Økafrdkjh ekus tkus ds fy,
i;kZIr le>k tkrk FkkA ;g egRoiw .kZ ugha gS fd tks dk;Z
lsBh] ckjgV] [kjok jko] Lokeh xksikynkl vkfn us fd;k]
mles a ls mUgs a lQyrk feyh ;k vlQyrk rFkk os la LFkkxr :i /kkj.k dj lds vFkok /kjk’kk;h gks x;s] vfirq egRoiw .kZ
;g gS fd os yksxks a dks fdruk izHkkfor dj ik;sA bl
ek;us es a os lQy jgsA bu us rkvks a us vius cfynku ls
iq jkus lkeUrh
-
8/17/2019 Rajasthan Adhyayan
20/110
jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFk ku v/;;u Hkkx&3 18
fons’kh oL=ksa ds cfg"dkj dh vxqokbZ dj izFke
xka/khoknh cuus dk lkSHkkX; izkIr fd;kA tc ^fiz al vkWQ osYl* dk vtes j vkxeu ¼28 uoEcj] 1921½ gqvk] rks
mldk Lokxr ds LFkku ij cfg"dkj fd;k x;k] gM+ rky
dh xbZ rFkk nqdkus cUn dh xbZA fiz a l dh ;k=k dh
O;kid izfrfØ;k gqbZA
tSlyesj tSlyesj tSlyesj tSlyesj tSlyes j jsfxLrku ds /kks jks a ds e/; ,d fiNM+ h
gqbZ NksVh fj;klr FkhA ;gk¡ ds lkxjey xksik us tS lyes j
dh turk dks egkjkoy tokgj flag ds fujadq’k vkS j
neudkjh 'kklu ds fo#) tkx ̀r fd;kA lkxjey xksik us 1940 esa ̂tS lyes j es a xq.Mkjkt* uked iqLrd Nikdj
forfjr djok nhA vr% egkjkoy us 'kh?kz gh mls jkT;
ls fuokZflr dj fn;kA xksik ukxiq j pyk x;k vkS j ogk¡
ls tS lyes j ds neudkjh 'kklu ds fo#) izpkj djrk
jgkA ekpZ] 1941 es a mlds firk dk nsgkUr gks x;k] rc
fczfV’k jsthMs.V dh Loh—fr ds i’pkr~ gh og tSlyes j
igq ¡p ldkA jsthMs.V us vk’oklu fn;k Fkk fd mlds
fo#) jkT; ljdkj dk dksbZ vkjksi ugha gS] vr% og tS lyes j vk ldrk gS rFkk mls fdlh izdkj ds nqO;Z ogkj
dk Hk; ugha gksuk pkfg,A bl izdkj xksik tSlyes j
igq ¡pkA tS lyes j tkdj og yxHkx nks ekg i’pkr~ ykSV
jgk Fkk] tc mls vpkud cUnh ¼22 ebZ] 1941½ cuk
fy;k x;kA cUnh voLFkk esa mls xEHkhj ,oa vekuoh;
;kruk,¡ nh xbZA vUrr% mls jktnz ksg ds vijkèk es a 6 o"kZ
dh dBks j dkjkokl dh ltk nh xbZA tsy es a Fkkusnkj
xqekuflag ;kruk,¡ ns rk jgk] ftlls mldk thou ukjdh;gks x;k FkkA xksik }kjk t;ukjk;.k O;kl vkfn dks
;krukvks a ds lEcU/k es a i= fy[ks x;sA t;ukjk;.k O;kl
us jsthMs.V dks i= fy[kdj okLrfod fLFkfr dk irk
yxkus dk vkxzg fd;kA jsthMs.V us 6 viz Sy] 1946 dks
tSlyes j tkus dk dk;ZØe cuk;k] mèkj 3 vizSy] 1946
dks gh tsy es a xksik ij feV~Vh dk rsy Mkydj tyk
fn;k x;kA ;g [kcj taxy es a vkx dh rjg QSy x;h
fdUrq 'kklu us xksik ds fj’rsnkjks a rd dks ugha feyus
fn;kA yxHkx 20 ?k.Vs rM+ius ds ckn 4 viz Sy dks os py
clsA iw jk uxj ̂lkxjey xksik ftUnkckn* ds ukjks a ls xw at mBkA if.Mr usg: rFkk t;ukjk;.k O;kl lfgr vusd
'kh"kZ us rkvks a us bl dk.M dh HkRlZuk dhA jktLFkku tc
dHkh Hkh LorU=rk lsukfu;ks a dks ;kn djsxk] xksik dk uke
izFke iafDr es a vej jgsxkA
Hkjriqj Hkjriqj Hkjriqj Hkjriqj Hkjriqj esa tu&tkx`fr iSnk djus okyksa esa
txUukFknkl vf/kdkjh vkSj xaxkiz lkn 'kkL=h izeq[k FksA
bUgks aus 1912 es a ^fgUnh lkfgR; lfefr* dh LFkkiuk dh]
ftlus 'kh?kz gh yksdfiz;rk iz kIr dj ,d fo’kky iq Lrdky;dk :i /kkj.k dj fy;kA Hkjriq j ds rRdkyhu egkjktk
fd’kuflag vU; 'kkldks a dh rqyuk es a tkx:d FksA
mUgks aus fgUnh dks jktHkk"kk dk ntkZ fn;kA xk¡oks a vkS j
uxjks a es a Lok;Ùk’kklh la LFkkvks a dks fodflr fd;k vkS j
jkT; es a ,d vf[ky Hkkjrh; fgUnh lkfgR; lEesyu dk
vf/kos’ku fd;kA og jkT; es a mÙkjnk;h 'kklu dh LFkkiuk
ds i{k esa FkkA ijUrq vaxzst ljdkj us mlds izxfr’khy
fopkjks a ds nw jxkeh ifj.kkeks a dks lkspdj mls xíh NksM+usds fy, foo’k fd;kA u;s 'kkld us lHkkvksa ,oa izdk’kuks a
ij izfrcU/k yxk fn;kA bruk gh ugha jk"Vªh; us rkvks a ds
fp= j[kuk vijk/k eku fy;k x;kA fQj Hkh] Hkjriq j es a
tu&tkxj.k dk dk;Z pks jh&fNis pyrk jgkA xksihyky
;kno] ekLVj vkfnR;sUnz] tqxyfd’kks j prq os Znh vkfn ds
us rR̀o es a Hkjriqj jkT; iztke.My viuh xfrfof/k;k¡
pykrk jgkA
tks/kiqj tks/kiqj tks/kiqj tks/kiqj tks/kiq j ds iztke.My ds bfrgkl es a ckyeqdqUn fcLlk dk uke Lej.kh; jgsxkA ekjokM+ ds ,d NksVs ls
xz ke ihyok] rglhy MhMokuk es a tUes ckyeqdqUn fcLlk
us 1934 esa tks/kiq j esa xka/kh th ls izsfjr gksdj [kknh
Hk.Mkj [kksyk vkSj rc ls jk"Vªh; dk;ZØeksa es a Hkkx ysus
yxkA mldk tokgj [kknh Hk.Mkj 'kh?kz gh jktuhfrd
xfrfof/k;ks a dk dsUnz cu x;kA 1942 es a tks/kiq j es a mÙkjnk;h
'kklu ds fy, tks vkUnksyu pyk] mles a mls fxj¶rkj
dj tsy Hkst fn;k x;kA tgk¡ Hkw [k gM+ rky ,oa ;krukvks a
-
8/17/2019 Rajasthan Adhyayan
21/110
jktLFk ku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFk ku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFk ku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFk ku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&319
ds dkj.k og 'kghn gks x;k ijUrq mlls iz sfjr gksdj dbZ
;qok iztke.My&vkUnksyu esa dw n iM+sA
esokM+esokM+esokM+esokM+esokM+ esa iztke.My dh LFkkiuk fctkSfy;k
vkUnksyu ds deZB us rk ekf.kD;yky oekZ }kjk ekpZ] 1938
es a dh xbZA bl gs rq os lkbfdy ij lokj gksdj fudy
iM+ sA os tc 'kkgiq jk gksdj xqtjs rks ogk¡ mUgsa jes’k pUnz
vks>k vkSj yknw jke O;kl tSls mRlkgh O;fDr fey x;sA
oekZ dh iz s j.kk ls bu uo;qodks a us 1938 es a 'kkgiqjk jkT;
es a iztke.My dh LFkkiuk dhA mYys[kuh; rF; ;g gS fd
'kkgiqjk jkT; us iztke.My dh xfrfof/k;ks a es a vuko’;d n[ky ugha fn;kA
Mw ¡xjiqj Mw ¡xjiqj Mw ¡xjiqj Mw ¡xjiqj Mw ¡xjiqj es a 1935 es a Hkksxhyky i.M+;k us gfjtu
ls ok lfefr dh LFkkiuk dhA mlh o"kZ 'kksHkkyky xqIr us
jktLFkku ls od e.My dh vks j ls gfjtuks a vkSj Hkhyks a ds
fgrkFkZ lkxokM+ k es a ,d vkJe LFkkfir fd;kA blh chp
fctkSfy;k vkUnksyu ds izeq[k lw =/kkj ekf.kD;yky oekZ
tu&tkfr;ks a es a dke djus ds mís’; ls Mw ¡xjiqj vk;sA
mUgks aus ^ckxM+ ls ok efUnj* dh LFkkiuk }kjk Hkhyks a es a
lk{kjrk dk izpkj fd;k rFkk lkekftd dqjhfr;ksa ds
fuokj.kkFkZ mYys[kuh; dk;Z fd;kA blls Hkhyks a es a uothou
dk lapkj gqvkA ijUrq jkT; ljdkj us 'kh?kz gh okWxM+ ls ok
efUnj dh jpukRed iz of̀Ùk;ks a dks fu;fU=r dj fn;kA
1944 es a Mw ¡xjiq j iztke.My dh LFkkiuk gfjns o tks’kh]
Hkksxhyky i.M~;k] xkS jh’kadj vkpk;Z vkfn us feydj dhA
Mw ¡xjiqj ds Hkksxhyky i.M~;k ij tsy es a fd;s tkus okys
vekuqf"kd O;ogkj dk xksdqy HkkbZ HkV~V] ekf.kD;yky oekZ] ghjkyky 'kkL=h] jes’kpUnz O;kl vkfn us feydj
tedj fojks/k fd;kA QyLo:i Mw ¡xjiq j egkjkoy dks
i.M~;k lfgr vusd dk;ZdÙkkvks a dks NksM+uk iM+ kA
Hkkjr NksM+ks vkUnksyu vkSj jktLFkku Hkkjr NksM+ks vkUnksyu vkSj jktLFkku Hkkjr NksM+ks vkUnksyu vkSj jktLFkku Hkkjr NksM+ks vkUnksyu vkSj jktLFkku Hkkjr NksM+ks vkUnksyu vkSj jktLFkku
Hkkjr NksM+ ks vkUnksyu ¼iz Lrko 8 vxLr] 'kq#vkr 9
vxLr] 1942½ ds ^djks ;k ejks* dh ?kks"k.kk ds lkFk gh
jktLFkku es a Hkh xka/khth dh fxj¶rkjh dk fojks/k gksus
yxkA txg&txg tqyw l] lHkkvks a vkS j gM+ rkyks a dk
vk;kstu gksus yxkA fo|kFkhZ viuh f’k{k.k la LFkkuksa lsckgj vk x;s vkS j vkUnksyu esa dwn iM+ sA LFkku&LFkku
ij jsy dh iVfj;k¡ m[kkM+ nh] rkj vkSj VsyhQksu ds rkj
dkV fn;sA LFkkuh; turk us lekukUrj ljdkjs a LFkkfir
dj yhaA m/kj tokc es a fczfV’k ljdkj us Hkkjh neupØ
pyk;kA txg&txg iqfyl us xksfy;k¡ pykbZA dbZ ekjs
x;s] gtkjksa a fxj¶rkj fd;s x;sA ns’k dh vktknh dh bl
cM+h yM+ kbZ esa jktLFkku us Hkh da/ks ls da/kk feykdj
;ksxnku fn;kAtks/kiq j jkT; esa lR;kxzg dk nkSj py iM+ kA tsy
tkus okyks a es a eFkq jknkl ekFkq j] ns oukjk;.k O;kl] x.ks’khyky
O;kl] lqeus’k tks’kh] vpys’oj izlkn 'kekZ] Nxujkt
pkSikluhokyk] Lokeh Ñ".kkuan] }kjdk izlkn iq jksfgr
vkfn FksA tksèkiq j es a fo|kfFkZ;ks a us ce cukdj ljdkjh
lEifÙk dks u"V fd;kA fdUrq jkT; ljdkj ds neu ds
dkj.k vkUnksyu dqN le; ds fy, f’kfFky iM+ x;kA
vusd yksxks a us t;ukjk;.k O;kl ij vkUnksyu lekIr djus dk nokc Mkyk] ijUrq os vfMx jgsA jktLFkku es a
1942 ds vkUnksyu es a tks/kiq j jkT; dk egRoiw .kZ ;ksxnku
jgk gSA bl vkUnksyu es a yxHkx 400 O;fDr tsy esa x,A
efgykvks a es a Jherh xks jtk ns oh tks’kh] Jherh lkfo=h
ns oh HkkVh] Jherh fljsda oy O;kl] Jherh jktdkSj O;kl
vkfn us viuh fxj¶rkfj;k¡ nhA
ekf.kD;yky oekZ fj;klrh us rkvks a dh cSBd es a
Hkkx ysdj bankS j vk;s rks muls iw Nk x;k fd Hkkjr NksM+ ksvkUnksyu ds lanHkZ es a es okM+ dh D;k Hkw fedk jgsxh] rks
mUgks aus mÙkj fn;k] ßHkkbZ ge rks es okM+ h gS a] gj ckj gj&gj
egknso cksyrs vk;s gS a] bl ckj Hkh cksys axsAÞ Li"V Fkk fd
Hkkjr NksM+ ks vkUnksyu ds izfr mudk ldkjkRed :[k FkkA
cEcbZ ls ykSVdj mUgks aus es okM+ ds egkjk.kk dks fczfV’k
ljdkj ls lEcU/k foPNsn djus dk 20 vxLr] 1942 dks
vYVhesVe fn;kA ijUrq egkjk.kk us bls egÙo ugha fn;kA
nw ljs fnu ekf.kD;yky fxj¶rkj dj fy;s x;sA mn;iqj
-
8/17/2019 Rajasthan Adhyayan
22/110
jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFk ku v/;;u Hkkx&3 20
es a dke&dkt BIi gks x;kA blds lkFk gh iztke.My ds
dk;ZdÙkkZ vkSj lg;ksfx;ksa dh fxj¶rkfj;ks a dk flyflyk 'kq: gqvkA mn;iq j ds Hkw jsyky c;k] cyoUr flag esgrk]
eksguyky lq[kkfM+;k] eks rhyky rstkor] f’kopj.k ekFkqj]
ghjkyky dksBkjh] I;kjpan fo’uksbZ] jks’kuyky cksfnZ;k
vkfn fxj¶rkj gq,A mn;iq j es a efgyk,¡ Hkh ihNs ugha jghaA
ekf.kD;yky oekZ dh iRuh ukjk;.kns oh oekZ vius 6 ekg
ds iq= dks xksn es a fy;s tsy es a x;hA I;kjpan fo’uksbZ dh
/keZiRuh Hkxorh ns oh Hkh tsy x;hA vkUnksyu ds nkSjku
mn;iqj es a egkjk.kk dkWyst vkSj vU; f’k{k.k la LFkk,¡ dbZfnuks a rd cUn jghaA yxHkx 600 Nk= fxj¶rkj fd;s x;sA
es okM+ ds la?k"kZ dk nw ljk egRoiw .kZ dsUnz ukFk}kjk FkkA
ukFk}kjk es a gM+ rkys vkS j tqyw lks a dh /kw e ep x;hA ukFk}kjk
ds vfrfjDr HkhyokM+ k] fpÙkkSM+ Hkh la?k"kZ ds dsUnz FksA
HkhyokM+k ds jes’k pUnz O;kl] tks es okM+ iztke.My ds
izFke lR;kxzgh Fks] dks vkUnksyu iz kjEHk gks rs gh fxj¶rkj
dj fy;kA es okM+ es a vkUnksyu dks jksdk ugha tk ldk]
bldk iz’kklu dks [ksn jgkAt;iq j jkT; dh 1942 ds Hkkjr NksM+ ks a vkUnksyu es a
Hkw fedk fooknkLin jghA t;iq j iztke.My dk ,d oxZ
Hkkjr NksM+ ks a s vkUnksyu ls vyx ugha jguk pkgrk FkkA
bues a ckck gfj’pUn] jkedj.k tks’kh] nkSyrey Hk.Mkjh
vkfn FksA ;s yksx ia0 ghjkyky 'kkL=h ls feysA ghjkyky
'kkL=h us 17 vxLr] 1942 dh 'kke dks t;iq j es a vk;ksftr
lkoZtfud lHkk es a vkUnksyu dh ?kks"k.kk dk vk’oklu
fn;kA ;|fi iw oZ fu/kkZfjr dk;ZØe ds vuqlkj lHkk gqbZ]ijUrq ghjkyky 'kkL=h us vkUnksyu dh ?kks"k.kk djus ds
LFkku ij ljdkj ds lkFk gqbZ le>kS rk okrkZ ij izdk’k
MkykA ghjkyky 'kkL=h us ,slk lEHkor% blfy, fd;k
fd muds t;iq j ds rRdkyhu iz/kkuea =h fetkZ bLekby
ls eS =hiw .kZ lEcUèk Fks rFkk t;iq j egkjktk ds joS;s ,oa
vk’oklu ls t;iq j iztke.My lUrq"V FkkA t;iq j jkT;
ds Hkhrj vkSj ckgj ghjkyky 'kkL=h dh vkykspuk dh
xbZA ckck gfj’pUn vkSj muds lg;ksfx;ks a us ,d u;k
laxBu ̂vktkn ekspkZ* dh LFkkiuk dj vkUnksyu pyk;kA
bl eksps Z dk dk;kZy; xqykcpUn dklyhoky ds ?kj fLFkr FkkA t;iqj ds Nk=ks a us f’k{k.k la LFkkvksa es a gM+ rky
djok nhA
dksVk jkT; iztke.My ds us rk ia- vfHkUugfj dks
cEcbZ ls ykSVrs gh 13 vxLr dks fxj¶rkj dj fy;k x;kA
iztke.My ds v/;{k eks rhyky tSu us egkjktk dks 17
vxLr dks vYVhesVe fn;k fd os 'kh?kz gh vaxz stks a ls
lEcUèk foPNsn dj ns aA QyLo:i ljdkj us iztke.My
ds dbZ dk;ZdÙkkZvks a dks fxj¶rkj dj fy;kA bues a 'kEHkw n;ky lDlsuk] cs.khek/ko 'kekZ] eks rhyky tSu] ghjkyky tSu
vkfn FksA mDr dk;ZdÙkkZvks a dh fxj¶rkjh ds ckn ukFkw yky
tSu us vkUnksyu dh ckxM+ ks j lEHkkyhA bl vkUnksyu es a
dksVk ds fo|kfFkZ;ks a dk mRlkg ns[krs gh curk FkkA
fo|kfFkZ;ks a s us iqfyl dks csjdks a es a cUn dj jkeiqjk 'kgj
dksrokyh ij vf/kdkj ¼14&16 vxLr]1942½ dj ml ij
frjaxk Qgjk fn;kA turk us uxj dk iz’kklu vius gkFk
es a ys fy;kA yxHkx 2 lIrkg ckn turk us egkjko ds bl
vk’oklu ij fd ljdkj neu lgkjk ugha ysxh] 'kklu
iqu% egkjko dks lkS ai fn;kA fxj¶rkj dk;ZdÙkkZ fjgk dj
fn;s x;sA
Hkjriqj esa Hkh Hkkjr NksM+ksa vkUnksyu dh fpaxkjh
QSy xbZA Hkjriqj jkT; iztk ifj"kn~ ds dk;ZdÙkkZ ekLVj
vkfnR;sUnz] ;qxyfd’kks j prqosZnh] txifrflag] js orh’kj.k]
gqDepUn] xkS jh’kadj feÙky] jes’k 'kekZ vkfn us rk fxj¶rkj
dj fy;s x;sA blh le; nks ;qodksa us Mkd[kkuksa vkSj
jsyos LVs’kuksa dks rksM+&QksM+ dh ;kstuk cukbZ] ijUrq os
idM+s x;sA vkUnksyu dh izxfr ds nkSjku gh jkT; esa
ck
-
8/17/2019 Rajasthan Adhyayan
23/110
jktLFk ku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFk ku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFk ku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFk ku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&321
'kkgiqjk jkT; iztke.My us Hkkjr NksM+ ks vkUnksyu
'kq: gksus ds lkFk gh jkT; dks vYVhesVe fn;k fd osvaxz stks a ls lEcU/k foPNsn dj ns aA QyLo:i iztke.My
ds dk;ZdÙkkZ jes’k pUnz vks>k] yknw jke O;kl] y{ehukjk;.k
dkSfV;k fxj¶rkj dj fy;s x;sA 'kkgiqjk ds xksdqy yky
vlkok igys gh vtes j es a fxj¶rkj dj fy;s x;s FksA
vtes j es a dkaxz s l ds vkg~ oku ds QyLo:i Hkkjr
NksM+ ks a vkUnksyu dk izHkko iM+ kA dbZ O;fDr;ks a dks fxj¶rkj
dj fy;kA bues a ckyÑ".k dkSy] gfjHkkÅ mik/;k;]
jkeukjk;.k pkS/kjh] eqdqV fcgkjh HkkxZ o] vEckyky ekFkqj]ekSykuk vCnqy xQw j] 'kksHkkyky xqIr vkfn FksA izdk’kpUn
us bl vkUnkstu ds lanHkZ es a vusd xhrks a dks jpdj iztk
dks uSfrd cy fn;kA tsyks a ds dqizcU/k ds fojks/k es a
ckyÑ".k dkSy us Hkw [k gM+ rky dj nhA
chdkusj es a Hkkjr NksM+ ks vkUnksyu dk fo’ks"k izHkko
ns[kus dks ugha feyrk gSA chdkus j jkT; iztk ifj"kn~ ds
us rk j?kq ojn;ky xks;y dks igys ls gh jkT; ls fuokZflr
dj j[kk FkkA ckn esa xks;y ds lkFkh xaxknkl dkSf’kd
vksj nkÅn;ky vkpk;Z dks fxj¶rkj dj fy;k x;kA
bUgha fnuks a usehpUn vk¡pfy;k us vtes j ls izdkf’kr ,d
lkIrkfgd esa ys[k fy[kk] ftles a chdkus j jkT; es a py
jgs neu dk;ks ± dh fuank dh xbZA jkT; ljdkj us
vk¡pfy;k dks 7 o"kZ dk dBks j dkjkokl dk n.M fn;kA
jkT; es a frjaxk >.Mk Qgjkuk vijk/k ekuk tkrk FkkA
vr% jkT; es a dk;ZdÙkkZvks a us >.Mk lR;kxzg 'kq: dj
Hkkjr NksM+ ks a vkUnksyu es a viuk ;ksxnku fn;kA
vyoj] Mw ¡xjiq j] iz rkixkykokM+ vkfn
jkT;ksa esa Hkh Hkkjr NksM+ks vkUnksyu dh vkx QSyhA
lkoZtfud lHkk,¡ dj ns’k esa vaxzsth 'kklu dk fojk s/k
fd;k x;kA dkaxz sl usrkvksa dh fxj¶rkfj;k¡ gqbZA gM+rkysa
gqbZA tqyql fudkys x;sA
flagkoyksdu flagkoyksdu flagkoyksdu flagkoyksdu flagkoyksdu
fj;klrks a es a tu vkUnksyuksa ds nkSjku yksxks a dks
vusd izdkj ds tqYeks a ,oa ;krukvks a dk f’kdkj gksuk iM+ kA
fdlku vkUnksyuks a] tutkrh; vkUnksyuks a vkfn us jk"Vªh;tkxzfr ds fodkl es a egRoiw .kZ ;ksxnku fn;kA ;s LoLQw rZ
vkUnksyu FksA buls lkeUrh O;oLFkk dh detksfj;k¡ mtkxj
gqb±A ;|fi bu vkUnksyuks a dk y{; jktuhfrd ugha Fkk]
ijUrq fujadq’k lÙkk ds fo#) vkokt ds Loj cgq r rst gks
x;s] ftlls rRdkyhu jktuhfrd O;oLFkk dks vkykspuk
dk f’kdkj gksuk iM+ kA ;fn vktknh ds i’pkr~ jktrU=
rFkk lkeUr izFkk dk volku gqvk] rks bles a bu vkUnksyuks a
dh Hkw fedk dks vks>y ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA vusd ns’kHkDrks a dks iz k.kks a dh vkgqfr nsuh iM+ hA 'kghn ckyeqdqUn
fcLlk] lkxjey xksik vkfn dk cfynku izs j.kk ds lzks r
cusA iztke.My vkUnksyuks a ls jk"Vª h; vkUnksyu dks lEcy
feykA iztke.Myks a us vius jpukRed dk;ks ± ds vUrxZr
lkekftd lq/kkj] f’k{kk dk iz lkj] csxkj izFkk ds mUew yu
,oa vU; vkfFkZd leL;kvksa dk lek/kku djus dh fn’kk
es a egRoiw .kZ dne mBk;sA ;g dguk mfpr ugha gS fd
jktLFkku es a tu&vkUnksyu ds oy la oS/kkfud vf/kdkjks a rFkk mÙkjnk;h 'kklu dh LFkkiuk ds fy, Fkk] LorU=rk
ds fy, ughaA MkW- ,e-,l- tSu us mfpr gh fy[kk gS]
ßLorU=rk la?k"kZ ds oy cká fu;a =.k ds fo#) gh ugha
gks rk] cfYd fujadq’k lÙkk ds fo#) la?k"kZ Hkh blh Js.kh
es a vkrs gS aAÞ pw afd fj;klrh turk nksgjh xqykeh >sy jgh
Fkh] vr% mlds fy, la oSèkkfud vf/kdkjks a dh iz kfIr rFkk
mÙkjnk;h 'kklu dh LFkkiuk ls c
-
8/17/2019 Rajasthan Adhyayan
24/110
jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFk ku v/;;u Hkkx&3 22
fj;klrks a es a tu vkUnksyu dks O;kid leFkZu ugha fey
ldkA gfjiqjk vf/kos’ku ds i’pkr~ fj;klrh vkUnksyu jk"Vª dh eq[; /kkjk ls tqM+ x;kA
/khjs&/khjs jktLFkku vkt+ knh ds la?k"kZ ds vafre
lksiku dh vks j c
-
8/17/2019 Rajasthan Adhyayan
25/110
jktLFk ku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFk ku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFk ku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFk ku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&323
9- Hkksxhyky i.M~;k fdl fj;klr ds iztke.My ls
lEc) jgs \
¼v½ vyoj ¼c½ Mw ¡xjiq j
¼l½ t;iqj ¼n½ vtes j
10- 'kghn lkxjey xksik dk lEcU/k fdl fj;klr ls
jgk gS \
¼v½ ck¡lokM+k ¼c½ tS lyes j
¼l½ Mw axjiq j ¼n½ fljksgh
vfry?kwÙkjkRed iz’u vfry?kwÙkjkRed iz’u vfry?kwÙkjkRed iz’u vfry?kwÙkjkRed iz’u vfry?kwÙkjkRed iz’u
1- 1857 ls iw oZ fdu&fdu LFkkuks a ij lSfud Nkofu;k¡Fkha \
2- Økafrdkfj;ks a dk usr`Ro djus okys nks fBdkusnkjks adk uke crkb;sA
3- jktLFkku esa loZizFke Økafr djus okyh iyVu dk
uke crkb;sA4- Hkhyks a dks laxfBr djus okys 4 us rkvks a ds uke
crkb;sA
5- jktLFkku ds dksbZ pkj fdlku vkUnksyuks a ds uke fyf[k,A
6- jktLFkku es a vk;Z lekt ls tqM+ s dksbZ nks us rkvks a dsuke crkb;sA
7- fctkSfy;k fdlku vkUnksyu dh [kcj dks loZizFke egÙo nsus okys lekpkj i= dk D;k uke Fkk \
8- Hkjriqj fj;klr dk iw .kZflag dkSu Fkk \
9- dksVk iztke.My ds nks us rkvks a ds uke crkb;sA
10- Lokeh xksikynkl dk pq:&chdkus j {ks = es a LorU=rk la?k"kZ ds nkS jku D;k ;ksxnku jgk \
y?kwÙkjkRed iz’u y?kwÙkjkRed iz’u y?kwÙkjkRed iz’u y?kwÙkjkRed iz’u y?kwÙkjkRed iz’u
1- 15 oha caxky bUQs aVªh }kjk ulhjkckn esa Økafr dsD;k dkj.k Fks \
2- 1857 ds la?k"kZ esa dksVk dk D;k ;ksxnku jgk \
3- vkmok ds Bkdq j dq’kkyflag dk 1857 ds la?k"kZ es a
jgs ;ksxnku dks Li"V dhft;sA4- jktLFkku ds lUnHkZ es a 1857 dh Økafr dk Lo:i
le>kb;sA
5- jktLFkku es a Økafrdkjh xfrfof/k;ks a ij izdk’k Mkfy;sA
6- jktLFkku ds tu ps ruk ds fodkl es a dfo;ks a ds;ksxnku dh ppkZ dhft;sA
7- xksfoUn xq: ,oa eks rhyky rstkor dk Hkhy lekt ds izfr tks ;ksxnku jgk] mldk foospu dhft;sA
8- fctkSfy;k fdlku vkUnksyu dh eq[; ?kVukvks a ij izdk’k Mkfy;sA
9- tu tkxj.k es a vk;Z lekt dh Hkw fedk Li"V dhft;sA
10- Hkjriqj iztke.My dh xfrfof/k;ks a ij fVIi.kh fyf[k;sA
fucU/kkRed iz’u fucU/kkRed iz’u fucU/kkRed iz’u fucU/kkRed iz’u fucU/kkRed iz’u
1- jktLFkku es a 1857 dh Økafr dh ì"BHkw fe dh foospuk dhft;sA
2- ulhjkckn] dksVk ,oa vkmok es a 1857 ds nkS jku gqbZØkafrdkjh xfrfof/k;ks a dk o.kZu dhft;sA
3- jktLFkku es a tutkfr vkUnksyu dk fooj.k ,oaegÙo izLrqr dhft;sA
4- es okM+] t;iqj ,oa Hkjriqj ds lUnHkZ es a iztke.My vkUnksyu dk ewY;kadu dhft;sA
ˆ ˆ ˆ
¼l½ ia- vfHkUu gfj
¼n½ ekf.kD;yky oekZ
-
8/17/2019 Rajasthan Adhyayan
26/110
jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 24
ekuo lH;rk ds fodkl Øe es a tc mles a
l`tukRed lksp dk fodkl gqvk vkS j vius pkjks a vks j
izd`fr dh fofHkUu d`fr;ks a dks ns[kk] rks mlds eu es a Hkh
dqN jpuk djus dh bPNk gqbZA ,s ls ekuo us eu ds Hkko]
NSuh] gFkkSMs + rFkk vU; vkStkjksa ls ewrZ :i es a izdV fd,A
Hkou] egy] efUnj rFkk ew frZ :iks a vkfn dk fuek.kZ fd;k tkus yxkA /khjs /khjs ew frZ&f'kYi foKku o okLrq&f'kYi
foKku dk fodkl gqvkA blls gekjh la Ldf̀r le` +)
gqbZA
Hkou fuekZ.k ,oa f’kYi dh mR—"Vrk ds lk{;
jktLFkku es a ekuo dh fodkl ;k=k ds lkFk gh ns[kus dks
feyrs gSA dkyhcaxk] vkgM+] fxyw .M] cS jkB] uksg] uxjh
vkfn jktLFkku ds ,s ls iq jkrkfRod LFky gS a] tgk¡ vkoklks a
dk fuekZ.k gqvkA LFkkiR; ,oa j{kk dh nf̀"V ls jktLFkku
ds ,sfrgkfld Hkou] ftudk fuekZ.k iw oZ&e/;dky es a
gqvk] cstksM+ FksA jktLFkku es a fofHkUu LFkyks a ij fLFkr
e/;dkyhu fdys] efUnj] jktiz klkn] ckofM+;k¡ ,oa vU;
Hkou ,d leUo;kRed fp=.k iz Lrq r djrs gSaA jktiw r
la L—fr ds vH;qn; ds dkj.k ohjrk ,oa j{kk ds izrhd
fdyks a dk fuekZ.k rsth ls gqvkA blh ds lkFk] HkfDr]
'kfDr ,oa v/;kRe dh izHkkouk ds dkj.k efUnjks a dh
LFkkiuk es a xfr vk;hA ;gk¡ ;g tku ysuk mi;qDr gksxk fd jktLFkku dh Hkou fuekZ.k dyk esa mi;ksfxrk ,oa
leUo;kRedrk dh Hkkouk dks dsUnz fcUnq es a j[kk x;k gS]
lkFk gh f’kYi lkS"Bo] vyadj.k ,oa lqj{kk dh Hkkouk dk
fuekZ rkvks a us /;ku j[kk gSA le; vkSj lEiUurk ds lkFk
okLrqdyk es a mR—"Vrk] fo’kkyrk ,oa lw {erk ds rÙoks a
dk lekos’k gksus yxkA LFkkiR; dk oSfo/; jktLFkku dh
okLrqdyk dh fo’ks"krk gSA ;gk¡ ds 'kkldks a us lnSo gh
dyk dks la j{k.k ,oa la o/kZu iznku fd;k gSA jktLFkku es a
ftruh Hkh ,sfrgkfld bekjrs a ,oa lka L—frd oSHko ds
izrhd 'ks"k cps gS a] os bl izns’k dh LFkkiR; dh le`)
fojklr dks dgus es a l{ke gSA
Hkkjrh; lH;rk ,oa la L—fr dks xkS jokfUor djus
dk Js; jktLFkku dh okLrqdyk ,oa ew frZf’kYi ds lkFk fp=dyk dks Hkh tkrk gSA jktLFkku dh fp=’kSfy;k¡ ;qxks a
ds ekuo Je dk ifj.kke gSA oS ls gtkjks a o"kks ± iw oZ jktLFkku
ds 'kSykJ;ks a es a 'kSyfp=ks a dk js[kkadu jktLFkku dh iz kjfEHkd
fp=.k ijEijk dks n'kkZrk gSA Hkkjrh; fp=dyk dh
loks ZR—"V nk; vtUrk 'kSyh dh le)̀ ijEijk dks ogu
djus okyh jktLFkkuh fp=dyk ds egÙo ls bUdkj ugha
fd;k tk ldrk gSA
çLrq r v/;k; es a jktLFkku ds LFkkiR;] ew frZf’kYi ,oa fp=’kSfy;ks a dk foospu fd;k tk jgk gS rkfd jktLFkku
dh le`) lka L—frd ijEijk ls vki voxr gks lds aA
nqxZ LFkkiR;nqxZ LFkkiR;nqxZ LFkkiR;nqxZ LFkkiR;nqxZ LFkkiR;
izkphu ys[kdks a us nqxZ dks jkT; dk vfuok;Z vax
ekuk gSA jktLFkku esa nqxZ fuekZ.k dh ijEijk iwoZ
e/;dky ls gh ns[kus dks feyrh gSA ;gk¡ 'kk;n gh dksbZ
tuin gks] tgk¡ dksbZ nqxZ ;k x
-
8/17/2019 Rajasthan Adhyayan
27/110
jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&325
vf/kd nqxZ o x
-
8/17/2019 Rajasthan Adhyayan
28/110
jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 26
'kL=kxkj ¼eSXthu½ cuk fy;kA fdys es a fLFkr vkyh’kku
fp=dkjh rFkk tukus d{kksa dh nhokjks a es a iPphdkjh dk dk;Z cM+ k dykiw .kZ
-
8/17/2019 Rajasthan Adhyayan
29/110
jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&327
ds lkFk xksjk&ckny] t;ey&iÙkk dh ohjrk rFkk
iUuk/kk; ds R;kx dh vej xkFkk,¡ tqM+ h gSaA
fpÙkkSM+x
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8/17/2019 Rajasthan Adhyayan
30/110
jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 28
tgkt dk vkHkkl djkrk gSA nqxZ ds pkjks a vks j ?kk?kjkuqek
ijdksVk cuk gqvk gS] ftls ̂dejdksV* vFkok ̂ ikMk* dgk tkrk gSA bls cukus es a pw us dk iz;ksx ugha fd;k x;k
cfYd dkjhxjks a us cM+ s&cM+ s ihys iRFkjks a dks ijLij tksM+dj
[kM+ k fd;k gSA 99 cqtks ± okyk ;g fdyk e#Hkw fe dk
egÙoiw .kZ fdyk gSA fdys ds Hkhrj cus iz kphu ,oa HkO;
tSu eafnj&ik’oZukFk vkSj _"kHkns o eafnj vius f’kYi ,oa
lkSUn;Z ds dkj.k vkcw ds nsyokM+ k tSu eafnjks a ds rqY; gS aA
fdys ds egyks a es a jaxegy] eksrh egy] xtfoykl vkS j
tokgj foykl izeq[k gSaA tSlyes j dk fdyk bl :i es aHkh [kklk izfl) gS fd ;gk¡ ij nqyZHk vkSj iz kphu
ik.Mqfyfi;ks a dk vew Y; laxzg gSA
tSlyes j dk fdyk ^jks[ksa vkS j tkfy;ks a dh cukoV gS jr
Mkyus okyh gSA
j.kFkEHkkSj nqx Z j.kFkEHkkSj nqxZ j.kFkEHkkSj nqx Z j.kFkEHkkSj nqxZ j.kFkEHkk Sj nqx Z
lokbZ ek/kksiq j 'kgj ds fudV fLFkr j.kFkEHkkS j
-
8/17/2019 Rajasthan Adhyayan
31/110
jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&329
nqxZ vjkoyh ioZ r dh fo"ke vk—fr okyh lkr igkfM+;ks a
ls f?kjk gqvk gSA ;g fdyk ;|fi ,d Å¡ps f’k[kj ij fLFkr gS] rFkkfi lehi tkus ij gh fn[kkbZ ns rk gSA ;g
nqxZ pkjks a vks j ls ?kus taxyks a ls f?kjk gqvk gS rFkk bldh
fdyscUnh dkQh lqn
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8/17/2019 Rajasthan Adhyayan
32/110
jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 30
es a pkSgkuks a] ijekjksa vkSj xqfgyks a us efUnj f’kYi dks le)̀
cuk;kA ijUrq bl ;qx ds dqN efUnj xqtZ j&izfrgkj 'kSyh dh ew y/kkjk ls vyx gS] bues a ckM+ kSyh dk efUnj] ukxnk
es a lkl&cgw dk efUnj vkS j mn;iq j es a txr vfEcdk
efUnj izeq[k gS aA blh ;qx dk fljksgh ftys es a oekZ.k dk
czg~ek.M Lokeh efUnj viuh HkXukoLFkk ds ckotw n jktLFkku
ds lqUnj efUnjks a es a ls ,d gSA ;g efUnj ,d vyaÑr eap
ij vofLFkr gSA nf{k.k jktLFkku ds bu efUnjks a es a Øec)rk
,oa ,dlw =rk dk vHkko fn[kkbZ ns rk gSA bu efUnjks a ds
f’kYi ij xqtjkr dk izHkko Li"Vr% ns[kk tk ldrk gSAbu efUnjks a es a fofHkUu 'kSyhxr rÙoks a ,oa ijLij fofHkUurkvks a
ds n’kZu gks rs gSaA
X;kjgoha ls rs jgoha lnh ds chp fufeZ r gksus okys
jktLFkku ds efUnjks a dks Js"B le>k tkrk gS D;ks afd ;g
efUnj&f’kYi ds mRd"kZ dk dky FkkA bl ;qx es a jktLFkku
es a dkQh la[;k es a cM+ s vkS j vyaÑr efUnj cus] ftUgs a
lksyadh ;k ek# xqtZ j 'kSyh ds vUrxZ r j[k tk ldrk gSA
bl 'kSyh ds efUnjks a es a vksfl;k¡ dk lfPp;k ekrk efUnj]
fpÙkkSM+ nqxZ es a fLFkr lfea/ks’oj efUnj vkfn izeq[k gS aA bl
'kSyh ds }kj ltkoVh gSA [kaHks vyaÑr] irys] yEcs vkS j
xksykbZ fy;s gq;s gS] xHkZxg̀ ds jFk vkxs ckykokM+ ftys es a pk¡n[ksM+ h vkS j >kyjkikVu] cw ¡nh
es a ds’kks jk;ikVu] djkSyh es a Jhegkohj th vkfn LFkkuks a ds
tSu efUnj izeq[k gSaA
,dfyaxth dk efUnj] mn;iqj ,dfyaxth dk efUnj] mn;iqj ,dfyaxth dk efUnj] mn;iqj ,dfyaxth dk efUnj] mn;iqj ,dfyaxth dk efUnj] mn;iqj
es okM+ egkjk.kkvks a ds b"Vns o ,dfyaxth dk
ydqyh’k efUnj mn;iq j 'kgj ds fudV ukFk}kjk jktekxZij dSyk’kiq jh uked xk¡o es a cuk gqvk gSA bldk fuekZ.k
vkBoha 'krkCnh es a es okM+ ds xqfgy 'kkld cIik jkoy us
djok;k Fkk rFkk bls orZeku Lo:i egkjk.kk jk;ey us
fn;k FkkA efUnj ds eq[; Hkkx es a dkys iRFkj ls cuh
,dfyaxth dh prqeqZ[kh izfrek gSA fdlh Hkh lkgfld
dk;Z ds fy, iz LFkku djus ls iw oZ es okM+ ds 'kkld bl
efUnj es a vkdj vk’khokZn ys rs FksA ,dfyax th dks es okM+
jkt?kjkus dk dqyns ork ekuk tkrk Fkk] tcfd ;gk¡ dk jktk Lo;a dks budk nhoku ekurs FksA bl efUnj ds vgkrs
es a dq aHkk }kjk fufeZ r fo".kq eafnj Hkh gS] ftls yksx ehjkckbZ
dk efUnj dgrs gS aA ,dfyaxth es a f’kojkf= dks izfro"kZ
esyk yxrk gSA
fdjkMw ds efUnj] ckM+esj fdjkMw ds efUnj] ckM+esj fdjkMw ds efUnj] ckM+esj fdjkMw ds efUnj] ckM+esj fdjkMw ds efUnj] ckM+esj
ckM+es j ftys es a fLFkr fdjkMw izkphu efUnjks a ds
fy, izfl) gSA ;gk¡ dk lkses’oj efUnj f’kYidyk ds
fy, fo[;kr gSA ohj jl] Ük̀ axkj jl] ;q)] ùR;] dke’kk#i
bR;kfn dh Hkko Hkafxek ;qDr ew frZ;k¡ f’kYidyk dh n`f"V
ls vuw Bh gSaA dke’kkL= dh ew frZ;ksa ds dkj.k fdjkMw dks
^jktLFkku dk [ktq jkgks* dgk tkrk gSA fdjkMw ds efUnjks a
dh ew frZ;k¡ thou ds fofHkUu igyqvks a dks lesVs gq, gSA
f’kYidyk ds fy, fo[;kr ;s efUnj X;kjgoha&ckjgoha
'krkCnh ds cus gq, gSaA
dSyk nsoh efUnj] djkSyh dSyk nsoh efUnj] djkSyh dSyk nsoh efUnj] djkSyh dSyk nsoh efUnj] djkSyh dSyk nsoh efUnj] djkSyh
ew y eafnj [khaph jktiw rks a dk gS] ftls dkykUrj
es a ;kno oa'k ds 'kkld Hka ojiky us laxejej ls fufeZr
djok;k FkkA budh dqyns oh dSykns oh gS] ftldk efUnj
djkSyh ls 26 fdeh nw j vofLFkr gSA eq[; efUnj es a
dSykns oh ¼egky{eh½ ,oa pkeq.Mk ns oh dh izfrek,¡ LFkkfir gS aA
/kkfeZd vkLFkk ds izeq[k dsUnz ds :i es a izfrf"Br bl
efUnj es a yk[kks a n’kZukFkhZ izfro"kZ vkrs gSaA blfy, ;gk¡
yxus okys esys dks yD[kh esyk dgk tkrk gSA jktiw r]
eh.kk vkfn dSykns oh ds izeq[k HkDr ekus tkrs gS aA ;gk¡ ,d
-
8/17/2019 Rajasthan Adhyayan
33/110
jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&331
HkS jks a efUnj vkS j guqeku efUnj ¼ykaxqfj;k½ Hkh fLFkr gSA
;gk¡ yxus okys esys es a ykaxqfj;k xhr xk;s tkrs gS aA
x.ks’k efUnj] j.kFkEHkk Sj x.ks’k efUnj] j.kFkEHkk Sj x.ks’k efUnj] j.kFkEHkk Sj x.ks’k efUnj] j.kFkEHkk Sj x.ks’k efUnj] j.kFkEHkkSj
lokbZ ek/kksiq j 'kgj ds fudV fLFkr j.kFkEHkkS j ds
fdys es a ns’kHkj es a fo[;kr f=us = efUnj cuk gqvk gSA
flUnw j ysiu dh ek=k vf/kd gksus ds dkj.k ew frZ dk
okLrfod Lo:i tkuuk dfBu gS] ij bruk fuf’pr gS fd
x.ks’kth ds eq[k dh gh iw tk dh tkrh gSA xnZu] gkFk]
'kjhj] vk;qèk o vU; vo;o bl izfrek es a ugha gSA oS okfgd bR;kfn ekaxfyd voljks a ij x.ks’k th dks izFke ikrh
igq¡pkdj fuefU=r djus dh lqnh?kZ ijEijk gSA
xksfoUnnso th efUnj] t;iqj xksfoUnnso th efUnj] t;iqj xksfoUnnso th efUnj] t;iqj xksfoUnnso th efUnj] t;iqj xksfoUnnso th efUnj] t;iqj
t;iqj dk xksfoUnns oth efUnj xkSM+ h; lEiznk;
dk izeq[k efUnj gSA oYyHk lEiznk; ds vuq;k;h buds
cky:i dh iw tk djrs gS a] rks xkSM+ h; lEiznk; okys ;qxy
:i vFkkZr~ jk/kk—".k ds :i es a iwtrs gS aA xksfoUnns o th dh ;g ew frZ lokbZ t;flag }kjk oÙnkou ls ykdj t;iq j
es a izfr"Bkfir dh xbZ FkhA ;g eafnj txUukFkiqjh] czt
vkSj k] dfojkt
';keynkl vkfn us bl efUnj ds f’kYi dh mR—"Vrk dh
eqDr daB ls iz’ka lk dh gSA
lw; Z eafnj] >kyjkikVu lw; Z eafnj] >kyjkikVu lw; Z eafnj] >kyjkikVu lw; Z eafnj] >kyjkikVu lw; Z eafnj] >kyjkikVu
>kyjkikVu ds e/; vofLFkr bl fo’kky efUnj
es a lw;Z vkSj fo".kq ds lfEefyr Hkko dh ,d gh izfrek
eq[; jfFkdk es a gSA xHkZxg̀ ds ckgj f’ko dh rk.Mo
u`R;jr izfrek vkSj ekr`dkvks a dh izfrek,¡ gSaA ;g efUnj
ew y :i ls nloha lnh dk gS] xHkZxg̀ dh jfFkdk es a f=eq[kh
lw ;Z izfrek gS] ftlesa fo".kq dk Hkko fefJr gSA
tSu efUnj] nsyokM+k tSu efUnj] nsyokM+k tSu efUnj] nsyokM+k tSu efUnj] nsyokM+k tSu efUnj] nsyokM+k
lQsn laxejej ls fufeZ r Hkkjrh; f’kYidyk dh mR—"Vrk rFkk tSu la L—fr ds oSHko vkS j mnkjrk dks izdV
djus okys nsyokM+ k ds tSu efUnj fljksgh ftys es a vkcw ioZ r
ij fLFkr gSA ;gk¡ fLFkr tSu efUnjks a es a nks efUnj izeq[k gSA
izFke efUnj 1031 bZ- es a xqtjkr ds pkyqD; jktk Hkhens o ds
eU=h foey’kkg us cuok;k FkkA ;g efUnj izFke tSu
rhFk±dj _"kHkns o dks lefiZ r gSA bl efUnj dks foeyolgh
ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSA nw ljk izeq[k efUnj 22os a tSu
rhFk±dj usfeukFk dk gS] ftldk fuekZ.k okLrqiky vkS j
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8/17/2019 Rajasthan Adhyayan
34/110
jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 32
rstiky }kjk 1230 es a djok;k x;k FkkA bl efUnj dks
yw .kolgh ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSA ;gk¡ ds efUnjks a dseaMiks a] LrEHkks a] Nrfj;ks a rFkk osfn;ks a ds fuekZ.k es a 'os r iRFkj
ij bruh ckjhd ,oa HkO; [kqnkbZ dh xbZ gS] tks vU;= nqyZHk
gSA oLrq r% ;g efUnj lEiw .kZ Hkkjr es a dykRedrk es a cstksM+
gSA
f’ko efUnj] ckM+kSyh f’ko efUnj] ckM+kSyh f’ko efUnj] ckM+kSyh f’ko efUnj] ckM+kSyh f’ko efUnj] ckM+kSyh
fpÙkkSM+ ftys es a fLFkr ckM+ kSyh f’ko efUnj iapk;ru
'kSyh ds efUnj ds :i es a fo[;kr gSA bles a eq[; ew frZ;k¡f’ko&ikoZ rh vkS j muds vuqpjks a dh gSA ,s lk ekuk tkrk gS
fd bl efUnj dk fuekZ.k gw .k 'kkld rks jek.k ds iq =
fefgjdqy us djok;k FkkA bl efUnj dks izdk’k es a ykus
dk Js; tsEl VkWM dks fn;k tkrk gSA
czãk efUnj ] iq"dj czãk efUnj ] iq"dj czãk efUnj ] iq"dj czãk efUnj ] iq"dj czãk efUnj ] iq"dj
iq"dj es a fLFkr czãk efUnj jktLFkku ds iz kphure
efUnjks a es a ls ,d gS vkS j iw js Hkkjr es a dqN o"kks ± iw oZ rd ;g vdsyk efUnj FkkA efUnj ds vUnj prqeqZ[kh czãkth dh
ew frZ izfrf"Br gSA
f’ko efUnj ] Hk.Mnsojk f’ko efUnj ] Hk.Mnsojk f’ko efUnj ] Hk.Mnsojk f’ko efUnj ] Hk.Mnsojk f’ko efUnj ] Hk.Mnsojk
ckjka ftys ds jkexkyjkikVu 'khrys’oj efUnj ] >kyjkikVu 'khrys’oj efUnj ] >kyjkikVu 'khrys’oj efUnj ] >kyjkikVu
>kykokM+ ftys es a >kyjkikVu es a pUnzHkkxk unh
ds rV ij fLFkr ;g efUnj jktLFkku ds frfFk;qDr efUnjks a
es a lcls iz kphu ¼689 bZ-½ gS aA bl efUnj ds HkXuko’ks"kksa es a
dsoy xHkZx`g vkS j Nr jfgr va rjky gh feyrk gSA
JhukFkth efUnj] ukFk}kjk JhukFkth efUnj] ukFk}kjk JhukFkth efUnj] ukFk}kjk JhukFkth efUnj] ukFk}kjk JhukFkth efUnj] ukFk}kjk
jktleUn ftys ds JhukFk}kjk es a fLFkr JhukFkth
efUnj iqf"VekxhZ; oS".koks a dk izeq[k rhFkZ LFky gSA ;gk¡
-
8/17/2019 Rajasthan Adhyayan
35/110
jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&333
—".k ds cky:i dh mikluk dh tkrh gSA vkS jaxtsc }kjk
fgUnw ew frZ;ks a ,oa efUnjks a dks rqM+ okus ij eFkqjk ls oS".ko nkmth egkjkt ds us rÙ̀o esa oS".ko HkDr JhukFk th dh
ew frZ flgkM+ ¼vk/kqfud ukFk}kjk½yk;s Fks] tgk¡ egkjk.kk
jktflag us mUgs a 'kj.k nsdj ;gk¡ ew frZ dks izfrf"Br fd;k
FkkA ;gk¡ v"VNki dfo;ks a ds in xk;s tkrs gS a] ftls
^gosyh laxhr* dgk tkrk gSA ;gk¡ JhukFk ds Lo:i ds
ihNs —".kyhyk fo"k;d iV~ yxk;k tkrk gS] ftls ̂ fiNokbZ*
dgk tkrk gSA
lfPp;k ekrk efZUnj ] vksfl;ka lfPp;k ekrk efZUnj ] vksfl;ka lfPp;k ekrk efZUnj ] vksfl;ka lfPp;k ekrk efZUnj ] vksfl;ka lfPp;k ekrk efZUnj ] vks fl;ka
tks/kiqj ftys ds vksfl;k¡ es a lfPp;k ekrk dk
ckjgoha lnh dk fo’kky vkSj HkO; efUnj fLFkr gSA bl
iapk;ru 'kSyh ds efUnj ds dksuks a ij fo".kq] f’ko o lw ;Z
ds efUnj cus gq;s gS] tks LFkkiR; f’kYi ds mR—"V uew us
gS aA lfPp;k ekrk fgUnqvks a vkS j vks loky lekt nksuks a dh
gh iw T; ns oh gSA vksfl;k¡ ds efUnjks a es a 'kSyhxr fofo/krk
feyrh gSA bues a vyadj.k dkQ+ h ek=k es a gSA ;gk¡ dsefUnjks a ds njoktksa ij ikSjkf.kd rFkk yksd dFkkvks a dk
fp=.k fd;k x;k gSA
;gk¡ ds efUnj ifjlj es a tSu /keZ ds pkSchlos a
rhFk±dj Hkxoku egkohj dk ,d lqUnj efUnj gS] tks
izfrgkjdkyhu gSA bl efUnj ds rks j.k HkO; gS a vkS j LrEHkks a
ij tSu rhFk±djks a dh izfrek,¡ mRdh.kZ gSA
lkl&cgw efUnj ] ukxnk lkl&cgw efUnj ] ukxnk lkl&cgw efUnj ] ukxnk lkl&cgw efUnj ] ukxnk lkl&cgw efUnj ] ukxnk
mn;iq j ftys es a fLFkr ukxnk es a ;qxy efUnj ds
:i es a izfl) lkl&cgw dk efUnj cuk gqvk gSA bues a cM+ k
efUnj ¼lkl dk efUnj½ nl lgk;d nso efUnjksa ls f?kjk
gqvk gS] tcfd NksVk eafnj ¼cgw dk efUnj½ iapk;ru izdkj
dk gSA ;s efUnj fo".kq dks lefiZr gS rFkk nloha lnh ds
cus gq;s gS a] tks 'os r iRFkj ds pkSdks j pcw rjks a ij fufeZ r gSA
lkl ds efUnj dk f’k[kj b±Vks a dk gS rFkk 'ks"k efUnj
laxejej dk gSA bl eafnj ds LraHk] mRdh.kZ f’kykiV~V
,oa ew frZ;ks a lHkh mR—"V f’kYidyk ds mnkgj.k gSaA
jktizklkn ,oa egy LFkkiR; jktizklkn ,oa egy LFkkiR; jktizklkn ,oa egy LFkkiR; jktizklkn ,oa egy LFkkiR; jktizklkn ,oa egy LFkkiR;
iz kphu xz aFkks a es a jktiz klkn okLrq dk foLr` r o.kZu
iz kIr gks rk gSA jktLFkku dks bfrgkl es a ̂jktkvks a ds izns’k*
ds uke ls Hkh tkuk x;k gSA ,s lh fLFkfr es a ;g LokHkkfod
Fkk fd jktk vius jgus ds foLr`r vkokl cukrsA nqHkkZX;
ls] vc jktLFkku ds izkphu ,oa iwoZ e/;dky dh
laf/kdky ds jktiz klknks a ds [k.Mgj gh 'ks"k jgs gS aA esuky]
ukxnk vkfn LFkku ds jktiz klknksa ds [k.Mgj ;g crkrsgS a fd os lknxh ;qDr FksA bues a ladjs njokts ,oa f[kM+fd;ks a
dk vHkko gS] tks lq j{kk ds dkj.kks a ls j[ks x;s gS aA
e/;dky es a jktiz klkn fo’kky] HkO; ,oa vyad` r
cuus yxsA iw oZ e/;dky es a vf/kdka’k jktiz klkn fdyks a es a
gh ns[kus dks feyrs gS aA bu jktiz klknks a es a jktk ,oa mlds
ifjokj ds vfrfjDr mlds cU/kq&ckU/ko rFkk vfrfof’k"V
ukSdj’kkgh jgk djrh FkhA bl ;qx esa Hkh dbZ okLrqfon~
gq, ftues a e.Mu] ukik] Hkk.kk] fo|k/kj vkfn izeq[k gS aA
dqEHkk;qxhu iz[;kr f’kYih e.Mu dk fopkj gS fd jktHkou
uxj ds e/; es a vFkok uxj ds ,d rjQ fdlh Å¡ps LFkku
ij cukuk pkfg;sA mlus tukuk ,oa enkZuk egyks a dks
lqxe ekxks ± ls tksM+ s tkus dh O;oLFkk lq>kbZ gSA mlus
vU; egyks a dks Hkh ,d&nw ljs ls tksM+us rFkk lHkh dks ,d
bdkbZ dk :i nsus ij cy fn;k gSA dqEHkkdkyhu jktiz klkn
lkns Fks fdUrq ckn ds dky es a egyks a dh cukoV ,oa f’kYi
es a ifjorZu fn[kkbZ ns rk gSA 15oha 'krkCnh ds i’pkr~ egyks aes a eqxy izHkko ns[kk tk ldrk gSA vc bu egyks a es a
rM+d&HkM+d ns[kh tk ldrh gSA QOokjs] NksVs ckx&cxhps]
csy&cw ¡Vs] laxejej dk iz;ksx] esgjkc] xqEct vkfn :iks a
es a eqxy izHkko dks bu bekjrks a es a ns[kk tk ldrk gSA
mn;iq j ds egyks a esa vejflag ds egy d.kZflag dk
txefUnj] txrflag f}rh; ds le; ds iz hre fuokl
egy] txfuokl egy] vkes j ds nhokus vke] nhokus
[kkl] chdkus j ds d.kZegy] 'kh’kegy] vuw i egy] jaxegy]
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8/17/2019 Rajasthan Adhyayan
36/110
jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 34
tks/kiq j dk Qw y egy vkfn ij eqxy izHkko n`f"Vxkspj
gks rk gSA l=goh 'krkCnh ds ckn dksVk] cw ¡nh] t;iq j vkfn es a fufeZr egyks a es a Li"Vr% eqxy izHkko fn[kkbZ ns rk gSA
eqxy izHkko ds dkj.k jktiz klknksa esa nhokus vke] nhokus
[kkl] fp=’kkyk,¡] ckjgnfj;k¡] xok{k&>jks[ks] jax egy
vkfn dks LFkku feyus yxkA bl izdkj ds egyks a es a t;iq j
dk flVh iSys l] mn;iq j dk flVh iSys l izeq[k gSA jktLFkku
ds egyks a es a Mhx ds egyksa dk fof’k"V LFkku gSA Mhx ds
egy tkV ujs’k lw jtey }kjk fufeZr gSA Mhx ds egyks a
ds pkjks a vks j NTts ¼dkfuZl½ gS a] tks izHkkoksRiknd gSA Mhx ds egyks a ,oa bues a cus m|kuks a dk n`f"VHkko ¼fn[kuk½
fo’ks"k dkS’ky dk ifjp; djkrk gSA ;g ty egy ds uke
ls Hkh iz[;kr gSA Mhx ds egyks a es a xksiky Hkou fo’ks"k gSA
gosyh LFkkiR;gosyh LFkkiR;gosyh LFkkiR;gosyh LFkkiR;gosyh LFkkiR;
jktLFkku es a cM+ s&cM+s lsB lkgw dkjksa rFkk /kuh
O;fDr;ks a us vius fuokl ds fy;s fo’kky gosfy;ks a dk
fuekZ.k djok;kA ;s gosfy;k¡ dbZ eaftyk gksrh FkhA'ks[kkokVh] jks[ks a ij ckjhd uDdk’kh ds
fy, izfl) gS aA
tS lyes j dh gosfy;k¡ jktiw rkuk ds vkd"kZ.k dk
dsUnz jgh gSA ;gk¡ dh iVoks a dh gosyh viuh f’kYidyk]
fo’kkyrk ,oa vn~Hkq r uDdk’kh ds dkj.k izfl) gSA ;g lsB
xqekupUn ckiuk us cuokbZ FkhA ;g ik¡p eaftyk gosyh
'kgj ds e/; fLFkr gSA bl gosyh ds tkyh&>jks[ks a cjcl
gh i;ZVd dks vkdf"kZ r djrs gS aA iVoks a dh gosyh ds
vfrfjDr tS lyes j] es a fLFkr lkfyeflag dh gosyh dk
f’kYi&lkSUn;Z Hkh cstksM+ gSA bl ukS [k.Mh gosyh ds izFke
lkr [k.M iRFkj ds vkS j Åijh nks [k.M ydM+ h ds cus gq;sFksA ckn es a ydM+ h ds nksuks a [k.M mrkj fy;s x;sA tS lyes j
dh uFkey dh gosyh Hkh f’kYidyk dh n`f"V ls viuk
vuw Bk LFkku j[krh gSA bl gosyh dk f’kYidkjh dk dk;Z
gkFkh vkS j ykyw uked nks Hkkb;ks a us bl ladYi ds lkFk
'kq: fd;k Fkk fd os gosyh es a iz;qDr f’kYi dks nksgjk;s axs
ugha] blh dkj.k bldk f’kYi vuw Bk gSA
chdkusj dh izfl) ^cPNkorks a dh gosyh* dk
fuekZ.k lksygoha lnh ds mÙkjk)Z esa d.kZflag cPNkor us
djok;k FkkA blds vfrfjDr chdkus j esa eksgrk] ew anM+ k]
jkeiqfj;k vkfn dh gosfy;k¡ vius f’kYi oSHko ds dkj.k
fo[;kr gSA chdkusj dh gosfy;k¡ yky iRFkj ls fufeZr
gSA bu gosfy;ksa es a T;kWferh; 'kSyh dh uDdk’kh gS ,oa
vk/kkj dks rjk’k dj csy&cw Vs] Qw y&ifÙk;k¡ vkfn mds js
x;s gSaA budh ltkoV esa eqxy] fd’kuxqua w ½ es a lkS ls T;knk gosfy;k¡
viuh f’kYi lkSUn;Z fc[ks js gq;s ga SA ;gk¡ dh gosfy;ks a es a
:i fuokl] Hkxr] tkyku] iksíkj vkS j Hkxsfj;k¡ dh gosfy;k¡
izfl) gS aA fclkÅ ¼>qa>quw a½ es a ukFkwjke iksíkj dh gosyh]
lsB t;n;ky dsfB;k dh rFkk lhrkjke flaxfr;k dh
gosyh izfl) gSA >q a>qua w es a VhcM+ s okyk dh gosyh rFkk
bZljnkl eksnh dh gosyh vius f’kYi oSHko ds dkj.k
vyx gh Nfo fy, gq, gS aA Mw aMyksn ¼>q a>quw a½ es a lsB
ykypUn xks;udk] eqdqUnxqa>qua w ½ esa lsB jk/kkÑ".k
,oa ds ljns o dkusfM+;k dh gosfy;k¡] fpM+ kok ¼>qa>qua w ½ es a
ckxfM+;k dh gosyh] egulj ¼>qa>qua w ½ dh lksus&pk¡nh dh
gosyh] Jhek/kksiq j ¼lhdj½ esa ia lkjh dh gosyh izfl) gSA
>qa>quw a ftys dh ;s Å¡ph&Å¡ph gosfy;k¡ cyqvk iRFkj] b±V]
ftIle ,oa pw uk] dk"B rFkk
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8/17/2019 Rajasthan Adhyayan
37/110
jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&335
lhdj esa xkSjhyky fc;k.kh dh gosyh] jkex
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8/17/2019 Rajasthan Adhyayan
38/110
jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku v/;;u Hkkx&3 jktLFkku