rancang bangun prototype mesin plotter x-y berbasis
TRANSCRIPT
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RANCANG BANGUN PROTOTYPE MESIN
PLOTTER X-Y
BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLLER
TUGAS AKHIR
OLEH
ZUROIZU FAUZUL ARIFIN
201610120311158
JURUSAN TEKNIK MESIN
FAKULTAS TEKNIK
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2020
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ABSTRAK
Kemajuan teknologi Di Indonesia saat ini berkembang pesat dan telah
memberikan dampak positif diberbagai bidang. Pada zaman ini kita sering
mendengar berbagai mesin yang diciptakan untuk mempermudah suatu pekerjaan.
Salah satunya mesin plotter x-y dengan teknologi Numeric Control (NC)
didalamnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengatasi masalah kesenjangan
teknologi yang ada di UMKM yang dikarenakan keterbatasan biaya untuk
pengadaan alat bantu pekerjaan. Oleh karena itu, saya akan merancang bangun
mesin plotter x-y berbasis mikrokontroller dengan biaya seminim mungkin.
Metode perancangan yang digunakan adalah metode perancangan konsep
produk menurut Pahl dan Bietz. Mesin yang akan dirancang dan dibangun
berbentuk prototype serta akan diujikan keakurasiannya dengan membandingkan
gambar program dengan hasil plott mesin. Gambar yang diujikan berupa garis
horisontal, lingkaran, gambar berbentuk mawar dengan objek kesil serta gambar
berbentuk grafity.
Hasil pengujian prototype mesin plotter x-y menunjukan bahwa mesin ini
sudah layak jika digunakan sebagai design grafis dengan tingkat akurasi yang tinggi
serta hasil gambar plott yang presisi dan mampu membaca objek yang sangat kecil
(detail dalam membaca gambar program) serta mudah dalam pengoprasianya. Dari
rancang bangun prototype mesin plotter x-y ini mesin bisa dikembangkan ke tahap
selanjutnya sesuai dengan road maps penelitian ini.
Kata Kunci: Numeric Control, prototype mesin plotter x-y, design grafis, akurasi
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ABSTRACT
Technological advances in Indonesia are currently growing rapidly and have
had a positive impact in various fields. In this day and age we often hear of various
machines created to make a job easier. One of them is the x-y plotter machine with
Numeric Control (NC) technology in it. This study aims to address the technology
gap problem that exists in MSMEs due to limited costs for the procurement of work
aids. Therefore, I will design a microcontroller-based x-y plotter machine with the
least possible cost.
The design method used is the product concept design method according to
Pahl and Bietz. The machine to be designed and built is in the form of a prototype
and its accuracy will be tested by comparing the program image with the engine
plot results. Images tested are in the form of horizontal lines, circles, rose-shaped
images with small objects and graphical images.
The test results of the x-y plotter machine prototype show that this machine
is feasible if it is used as a graphic design with a high degree of accuracy and the
results of the plotted are precise and can read very small objects (details in reading
program images) and are easy to operate. From the design of the x-y plotter machine
prototype, the machine can be developed to the next stage according to the road
maps of this study.
Keywords: Numeric Control, x-y plotter machine prototype, graphic design,
accuracy
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DAFTAR ISI
LEMBAR JUDUL............................................................................................... i
POSTER ............................................................................................................ ii
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ............................................................................... iii
LEMBAR KONSULTASI / ASISTENSI ......................................................... iv
LEMBAR KONSULTASI / ASISTENSI .......................................................... v
LEMBAR PERNYATAAN .............................................................................. vi
LEMBAR HASIL DETEKSI PLAGIASI SKRIPSI MAHASISWA ............. vii
ABSTRAK ....................................................................................................... viii
ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................... ix
KATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................................ x
DAFTAR ISI ..................................................................................................... xi
DAFTAR GAMBAR ....................................................................................... xiii
DAFTAR TABEL ........................................................................................... xiv
DAFTAR PERSAMAAN ................................................................................. xv
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ................................................................................... 1
1.1 Latar Belakang....................................................................................... 1
1.2 Rumusan Masalah .................................................................................. 3
1.3 Tujuan Perancangan ............................................................................... 3
1.4 Manfaat Perancangan ............................................................................. 3
1.5 Batasan Masalah .................................................................................... 4
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ........................................................................ 5
2.1 Sejarah Perkembangan Mesin Numeric Control (NC) ............................ 5
2.2 Prinsip Dasar Mesin Plotter ................................................................... 5
2.3 Sistem Kontrol ....................................................................................... 7
2.3.1 Loop Terbuka ................................................................................. 9
2.3.2 Loop Tertutup ............................................................................... 10
2.4 Sistem Kendali Mesin Plotter .............................................................. 13
2.4.1 Board Kontrol Arduino ................................................................. 13
2.4.2 Breakout Board (BOB) Pengendali ............................................... 14
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2.5 Sistem Penggerak ................................................................................ 15
2.5.1 Motor Stepper Unipolar ................................................................ 16
2.5.2 Motor Stepper Bipolar .................................................................. 17
BAB III METODE PERANCANGAN ............................................................ 19
3.1 Metode Pahl and Beitz ......................................................................... 19
3.2 Perancangan Konsep Produk ................................................................ 20
3.3 Daftar Persyaratan ............................................................................... 20
3.4 Mengidentifikasi Masalah Masalah Penting ......................................... 22
3.5 Menentukan Struktur Fungsi ................................................................ 23
3.6 Prinsip Kerja mesin Plotter X-Y ........................................................... 24
3.7 Varian bentuk konsep produk............................................................... 27
3.8 Evaluasi Terhadap Kriteria Teknis dan Ekonomis (Matrik Morfologi) . 29
3.9 Konsep produk (solusi) ........................................................................ 37
BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN........................................................... 39
4.1 Hasil Perhitungan ................................................................................ 39
4.1.1 Step atau langkah .......................................................................... 39
4.1.2 Perhitungan Kontruksii ................................................................. 40
4.2 Pengujian dan Analisa.......................................................................... 43
4.4 Pengujian Titik Awal Terhadap Jarak yang Dituju Pada Sumbu X ....... 45
4.5 Pengujian Prototype Mesin Plotter X,Y dengan Vektor Lingkaran ........ 47
4.6 Pengujian prototype mesin plotter dengan vektor object gambar bunga
mawar .................................................................................................. 50
4.7 Pengujian prototype mesin plotter dengan vektor object gambar logo
band rock White Snake ........................................................................ 51
BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ............................................................ 53
5.1 Kesimpulan.......................................................................................... 53
5.2 Saran ................................................................................................... 53
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ....................................................................................... 54
LAMPIRAN
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 1.1 Road map penelitian mesin plotter x-y .............................................. 2
Gambar 2.1 Prototype Mesin Plotter x-y .............................................................. 6
Gambar 2.2 Sitem kontrol .................................................................................... 8
Gambar 2.3 Sistem kontrol loop terbuka .............................................................. 9
Gambar 2.4 Sistem kontrol loop tertutup ............................................................ 10
Gambar 2.5 Board Arduino ................................................................................ 14
Gambar 2.6 Breakout Board ............................................................................... 15
Gambar 2.7 Motor Stepper unipolar ................................................................... 17
Gambar 2.8 Motor Stepper Bipolar .................................................................... 18
Gambar 3.1 Diagram alir konseptual perancangan menurut Pahl and Beitz ........ 20
Gambar 3.2 Diagram Blok Fungsi Keseluruhan ................................................. 23
Gambar 3.3 Diagram blok fungsi prinsip kerja mesin plotter x-y ........................ 24
Gambar 3.4 Diagram blok sub-fungsi prinsip kerja mesin plotter x-y ................. 26
Gambar 3.5 Konsep produk (A) ......................................................................... 27
Gambar 3.6 Konsep produk (B) ......................................................................... 28
Gambar 3.7 Konsep produk (A) ......................................................................... 37
Gambar 4.5.1 Perancangan batang ..................................................................... 40
Gambar 4.1 Pengujian titik awal terhadap jarak yang dituju pada sumbu X ........ 45
Gambar 4.2 Proses pengujian dengan vektor lingkaran ....................................... 48
Gambar 4.3 Gambar vektor bunga mawar .......................................................... 51
Gambar 4.4 Pengujian mesin dengan vektor bunga mawar ................................. 51
Gambar 4.5 Logo band Whaite Snack ................................................................ 52
Gambar 4.7 Hasil gambar 2D logo band White Snack ........................................ 52
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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 3.1 Daftar tuntutan perancangan prototype mesin plotter x-y ................... 21
Tabel 3.2 Analisa morfologi prototype mesin plotter x-y .................................... 30
Tabel 4.1 Hasil pengujian titik awal terhadap jarak yang dituju pada sumbu X ... 46
Tabel 4.2 perhitungan akurasi garis linier pada sumbu x..................................... 47
Tabel 4.3 Hasil pengujian prototype mesin plotter x-y dengan vektor lingkaran . 49
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DAFTAR PERSAMAAN
Persamaan banyaknya langkah 1 putaran penuh ................................................. 16
Persamaan jarak yang ditempuh untuk 1 langkah ............................................... 16
Persamaan waktu untuk menggerakkan motor 1 putaran .................................... 16
Persamaan tegangan lentur ijin sebesar .............................................................. 41
Persamaan berat batang penumpu sebesar .......................................................... 41
Persamaan tinjauan lendutan .............................................................................. 41
Persamaan tegangan lentur ijin sebesar .............................................................. 42
Persamaan berat batang penumpu sebesar .......................................................... 42
Persamaan tinjauan lendutani ............................................................................. 42
Persamaan akurasi.............................................................................................. 47
Persamaan roundness ......................................................................................... 48
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