Raudones pilis

The Castle of Raudone

DvidesiInt antroji pamoka

Lesson 22

GARLAIVIU IS KLAIPEDOS l KAUN~

Du pusbroliai, Gediminas Vitkus if Petras Zukas , plaiike gar­laiviu is Klaipedos i Kaiinq. Jie plauke Nemunu. Jie stovejo ant garlaivio denio. Petrui zukui , kuris Lietuvoje buvo pirmq kaftq, viskas buvo labai idomu. Jis nuolat klausinejo silVo pusbroli Ge­diminq. Gediminas jam stengesi i visus klausimus aiSkiai atsakYti.

- Gediminai, Ziurek, kokie grazus miskai: aukstos, grazios egles, puikios pusys .

- Ten tai tikrai grazios egles, bet tie (' those ') puikus medziai tai ne pusys: tai seni qzuolai.

- Taip , taip, man tie zodziai dar vis maisosi.

- Tu if taip gerai kalbi lietuviSkai - if beveik be anglisko akcento! ... As niekados taip gerai angliskai nekalbesiu ...

- Tu, Gediminai, atvaZiuosi pas mus ! Amerikq if tenai is­m6ksi gerai angliskai kalbeti . .. Ziurek, ziurek , kokie cia grazus Nemuno krantai! As juos labai myliu!

- Petrai, geriau sakyk: "Man tie gdi.zus krantai patinka, la­bai patinka." Lietuviskai "myleti" reiskia mazdaiig "to love, to be in love" ...

- Aciu , prasau mane visuomet pataisyti, kai as k& n6rs ne­taisyklingai pasakau. As n6riu taip gerai kalbeti lietuviskai , kaip if jus visi, kurie esate gim~ if uzaug~ Lietuvoje.

- Nesirupink: Vilniuje as tave supazindinsiu su jaunomis, graziomis studentemis, if jos tave tuojau ism6kys.

- Tai bus puiku!

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Piliakalnis

A Castle-Hill

VOCABULARY

garlaivis -io (1) - s t eamer pusbrolis -io (1 ) - cousin (m a le ) denis - 10 (2 ) - deck (of a ship ) nuOlat - a ll the time, continually klausinHi ( klausin~ju , klausin~ja,

klausin~j o, klausines) - t o as!c questions, to question

stengtis (st eng iuosi, s t eng iasi , sten­g esi, s t engsis) - to try, t o make an effort

aiskiai - clearly aiskus, -i (3) - clear egle (2 ) - spruce pusis -ies (fern.) (4 ) - pine puikus, -i (4 ) - fin e, ex cellent flzuolas (3a) - oak maisytis (maisaGsi, m a iSosi, maisesi,

maisysis) - t o get mixed up (with da tive)

if taip - (her e) a s it is beveik - a lmost akcentas (2) - accent krantas (4 ) - bank, shore

mafdaGq - approximately pataisyti (pataisau, pataiso, pataise,

pataisys ) - to correct (perfective) kai - w hen kii n6rs - som ething netaisyklingai - incorrectly gimti (gime, gims ) irreg.: gimstil,

g imsti , gimst a ; gimstame, glmsta­te, gim st a - to be born

uzaugti (uzaug u , uzauga, uza ugo, uz­augs) - to grow up

rOpintis ( rQpinuosi, rQpinasi, rQpino­si, rQpinsis) - to wo rry, care., be worried

nesirOpink - do not worry (fa miliar) supazindinti (with the prep. su and

instrumental ) (supazindinu, supa ­zindina, supazindino, supazindins ) - to introduce to

ism6kyti (ism6kau, ism6ko, ism6ke, is m 6k ys) - to t each (perfective: ·t o t each w ith som e results ')

GRAMMAR

22.1 The Plural of the Second Declension Adjectives.

N . G. D. A. 1. L.

The plural cases of the second declension adjectives are as follows:

Masculine Feminine suiikus (4 ) 'heavy , difficult' suiikios sunkii! sunkii! sunkiems sunkioms sunkius sunkias sunkiais sunkiomis sunkiuose sunkiose

22.2 The Future Perfect Tense.

The future perfect tense is formed with the future tense of the verb bftti plus the appropriate form of the past active parti­ciple. The gender and number of the participle depend upon the gender and the number of the subject . Cf. Lesson 26 for the full declension of the active participles.

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A sample conjuga.tion of the future perfect is given below:

'I shall have come'

Singular Plur a l

Masc . Fem. Masc . Fem. 1) busiu atE~j~s (atE~jusi ) busime aU~j~ (atejusios) 2) busi atej~s (atl~jusi ) busite atej~ (atejusios) 3) bus atej~s (atejusi) bus atej~ (a tE~j usios)

The future perfect tense may express an action which will have taken place before another future action takes place. It may also express a condition or state which will last some time in the future as the result of a future action. Sometimes it expresses the probability that an event has taken place. Examples:

1) Kai jis ateis, as busiu baig~s darbq. - When he arrives, I shall have finished the work. (Note that in English we must use the present tense after w hen , even if a future time is im­plied. Since this rule does not apply to Lithuanian the future tense must be used when a future time is specified.)

2 ) Kai jis sugris, jlis busite rad~ knygq . - When he returns} you will have found the book.

3) Neateik tuomet, kada as busiu atsigul~s . - Don't come when I (shall) have gone to bed.

4) NetT'ukus ji bus vaziavusi traukiniu. - Soon she will have traveled by train .

5) Jos nera. Ji bus nuejusi namo. - She isn't here. She must have gone home.

22.3 The Use of the Accusative Case.

a)

The accusative case is primarily the case of the direct object:

all regular transitive verbs require the accusative case. As megstu operq. - I like opera. Mano brolis pifko na1i.jq niimq. - My brother bought a new house.

NB. The student is reminded again that, with the verb in the negative, the direct object is expressed in Lithuanian in the genitive case :

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As nemegstu operos. - I do not like opera. Mano brolis nepifko naujo namo. - My brother did not buy a new house.

See also 2.2 and 4.3.

b)

The accusative is also used to express definite time, limited time, duration of time, and certain periods of time, such as the day of the week, the week, the month, the season, etc. '*'

Jis dirbo visq dienq. - He worked all day.

Autobusas iseina pirmq valandq. - The bus leaves at one o'clock.

As vaziuosiu nama kitq savait~. - I will go home next week. Sausio menesi yra labai sa lta. - In the month of January it is very cold.

Pavasari zydi geles. - In spring , the flowers bloom.

c)

Many prepositions govern the accusative case. Here we shall list the most frequent ones . (For a full list of prepositions , see Lesson 37 ).

apie - around, close by , about, concerning, of . .. apliiik - around, in a circle 1 - in , into, to per - through (over the top ), over pro - through (straight through) uz - for , for the sake of'*'

Examples:

Jie kalbejo apte nauN knygq . Apliiik namq auga daug medZi1f. Jis vaziuoja 1 miestq. Mergaite Ziurejo pro langq. Jie mire uz tevyn~.

(Translate these sentences. Make other sentences with the prepositions given. )

* More about the expressions of time: Lesson 32. • uz with the meaning behind is used with the g enctive case. See Lesson 37.

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EXERCISES

A. Questions. 1. Kas plauke garlaiviu is Klaipedos i Kaunq? 2. Kam viskas buvo labai idomu? 3. Kas nuolat klausinejo Gedi­minq? 4. Kokie yra miskai prie Nemuno? 5. Kaip vadinasi tie puikus zali medziai? 6. Kas gerai kalba lietuviSkai? 7. Kada Gedi­minas iSm6ks gerai angliskai kalbeti? 8. Su kuo Gediminas su­pazindins Petrq Vilniuje? 9. Af jus gerai kalbate lietuviskai? 10. Kij reiskia 'myleti'?

S. Decline in the singular and plural: gtazus namas, puikus me­dis, plati upe, skanus obuolys, rami naktis.

c. Change all the italicized adjectives and nouns into plural: 1. M~mo brolis gyvena prie grazaiis misko. 2. Man patifika plati gnt­ve. 3. Autobusas vaZiuoja placid gatve. 4. Studente mate grnzlt filmq . 5. Upe yra plati .

D. Translate into Lithuanian: 1. I like wide rivers. 2. We will have arrived, when he wakes up (will wake up). 3. He will have written the letter, when his cousin arrives (will arrive). 4. The steamers travel ('swim') in the wide rivers. 5. The old books are very heavy. 6. The Nemunas flows through beautiful forests and wide fields. 7. Our cities are beautiful. 8. Yesterday we saw an excellent film . 9. Not all (ne visi) films are excellent. 10. My uncles and my cousins live by the beautiful forests.

KNYGYNE

Norkus:

Pardaveja:

Norkus:

Pardaveja:

Norkus:

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

CONVERSA TION

Laba diena. Af jau esate gav~ naujii knygq is Amerikos? Taip. Tik vakar gavome kelis knygq siufitinius is Niuj6rko." Prasau man par6dyti naujq amerikieciq noveliq rifikini · Prasau. Stai cia yra visos naujos knygos, kurias gavome vakar. Abu. As paimsiu sl moderniij amerikieciq nove­liq rifikini.

* Concerning the spelling and pronounciation of foreign proper names, see L esson 30.

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Pardam!ja : 6. Mes ta'ip pat turime if ka'i kuriq amerikieCi4 ra­sytoj4 vertimus i lietuvi4, v6kieCi4 if prancuz4 kalbas.

Norkus:

Pardaveja:

Norkus:

Pardaveja:

7.

8.

9.

10.

As skaitau tik originalus. Miitote, as esu gyven~s Amerikoje. As gera'i m6ku img14 kalbq . As dabaf ta'ip pat m6kausi ang14 kalbOs, bet skai­tyti angliSkai dar negaliu. Kiek kainuoja sis angl4 -lietuvi4 kalbq zodynas? As H n6riu nupifkti savo br6liui. Ta'i yra laba'i geras zodynas. Jis kainuoja desimt !it4·

AT THE BOOKSTORE

Norkus: 1. Hello. (Good day ). Did you get the new books from America?

Salesgirl: 2. Yes. Only yesterday we received several book shipments from New York.

Norkus : 3. Please show me the new collection of the Ameri­can short stories.

Salesgirl: 4. Here you are. Here are all the books we received yesterday.

Norkus : 5. Thanks. I'll take this collection of modern Amer-ican short stories.

Salesgirl : 6. We also have (some ) translations of some Ameri-can writers into Lithuanian, German and French.

Norkus: 7. I read only the originals. You see, I have lived in America. I know the English language well.

Salesgirl: 8. I also study English now. But I cannot read English yet.

Norkus: 9. How much is this English-Lithuanian dictionary? I want to buy it for my brother.

Salesgirl: 10. It is a very good dictionary. It costs ten litas.

NOTES :

1. nauJl! knygl! - g en . pI. : p a rtitive genitive: 'some of the new books'. bool,s'.

2. Niujorko - N . Y . See Lesson 30. 3. noviHil! - NB : novele 'short story ' (from German 'Novelle ' ); romanas

'novel' (from German 'Roman' ) . 4. kai kuriij - only kuriij is inflect ed . See Lesson 36. 5. savo broliui - dative of inter est: 'for my brother', see also 21.5.

10. Iltl! - gen . plu r a l : after de~imt 't en ' ; see 24.4,1 also 4 .2.

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