r)aykarN_sþIBI

karsikSaBInirnþrPaBénkarciBa©wmCIvitrbs;ksikr nig RbCaensaT PUmiekaHc,ar

XMuekaHExJr ®suksMbUr extþ®kecH

]btßmÖeday

KMeragKaM®Tdl;kar®Kb;®KgFnFanvarICatikñúgtMbn;

shkarCamYy kariyal½½yGPivDÆn_shKmn_ensaT énnaykdæanClpl nig

kmµviFI esál

sIha 2002

extþ]tþmanC½yextþRBHviha

extþbnÞaymanC½y extþesomrab extþsÞwgERtg extþrtn³KirI

extþ)at;dMbgextþkMBg;FM

extþRkecH extþmNÐlKirIextþeBaFisaF

extþkMBg;qñaMgextþkMBg;cam

extþekaHkug extþsVayrag

extþéRBEvgextþkNþal

extþkMBg;s<W

extþkMBt extþtaEkvW

esckþIEføgGMNrKuN eyIg´RkumsikSasþIBIkarciB©awmCIvitrbs;RbCaksikr nig GñkensaT Edl)aneFVIkarsikSa

enA kñúg PUmiekaHc,ar XMuekaHExJr RsuksMbUr extþRkecH EdlmansmasPaBdUcxageRkam³- smasPaBRkum ³ - elak eson>Kin - elakRsI CIv>Kwmeqg - kBØaa eh>supanNa

- elak tan;> suemFb‘unvDÆn¾ - elak vin>b‘uNÑa - elak mas>nIEr:n

sUmEføgGMNrKuNya:gRCaleRCAcMeBaH

- KMeragpþþÜcepþIm STREAM EdlCYy]btßmÖ fvikasMPar³kúñgkarsikSaenH . - kariyal½yGPivDÆn¾shKmn¾ ensaT naykdæanClpl énRksYgksikmµ rukçaRbma:j;

nig ensaT Edl)anCYysMrbsMrYl[RkumkargareyIg´eFVIkarsikSarhUtdl;TIbBa©b; . - GgÁkar SCALE Edl)ansMrbsMrYlkñúgkarbNþúHbNþal

nigkarcuHsikSapÞal;enAmUldæan. - elak emPUmiekaHc,ar Edl)an rYmshkar CYyelIkTwkcitþ nigsMrb sMrYl [mankar

cUlrYm BIGñkPUmikñúgkarsikSarhUt)ansMercCasßaBr. - sUmEføgGMNrKuNya:gRCaleRCACaTIbMput cMeBaHRbCaBlrdæPUmiekaHc,ar Edl)ancM

NayeBlevlaya:geRcInedIm,Ipþl;Camtieyabl;ya:gpuspul nigBt’manBIRKb;skmµPaB nigktþa EdlBak;Bnæ½ dl;karciB©wamCIvitrbs;GñkPUmi. elIsBIenHeTAeTotKat;h‘anniyay karBit nigniyayRtg;CUndl;RkumsikSaEdleFVI[karsikSaenH)anTTYllT§pll¥.

i

matikar segçb nigsnñidæan 1

1- bribTénkarsikSa 1-1 TItaMgPUmisaRsþ 3 1-2 RbvtþiPUmi 4

2- lT§pl 2>1 karcat;fñak;RTBüsm,tþi 7 2>2 FnFansMxan;²rbs;PUmi 11 2>2>1 FnFanmnusS 11 2>2>2 FnFanehdæarcnasm<n§½ 11 2>2>3 FnFanFmµCati 12 2>2>4 FnFansgÁm 15 2>2>5 FnFanhirBaØvtßú 20 2>3 PaBrgeRKaH 24 2>4 sßabn½ nig dMeNIrkar 34 2>5 yuT§saRsþciBa©wmCIvit 37 2>6 karviPaKedayeyageTAtamKMeragnirnþrPaBénkarciBa©wmCIvit 41

3- karsnñidæan 42

ii

tarag tarag1³ Rbvtþikal 4 tarag2³ cMNat;fñak;RTBüsm,tþi 10 tarag3³ FnFansMxan;²rbs;PUmi 21 tarag4³ karviPaKelIsßabn½ nigdMeNIrkar 34 tarag5³ karcat;fñak;bBaða 38 tarag6³ Epnkarksags<an 40

rUbPaB³ rUbPaBTI1³ TItaMgRsukERBkRbsBV 6 rUbPaBTI2³ EpnTIkat;TTwg 13 rUbPaBTI3³ EpnTIFnFan 14 rUbPaBTI4³ EpnTIsgÁm 17 rUbPaBTI5³ Ev:ndüaRkamburs 18 rUbPaBTI6³ Ev:ndüaRkamRsþI 20 rUbPaBTI7³ rdUvkal burs 25 rUbPaBTI8³ rdUvkalRsþI 27 rUbPaBTI9³ karERbRbYl 32 rUbPaBTI10³ karviPaKbBaða 39 rUbPaBTI11³ TMrg;nirnþrPaBénkarciBa©wmCIvit 41

iii

karsegçb nigsnñidæanCadMbUg

karsikSaRsavRCavGMBIkarciBwa©mCIvitrbs;ksikr nigRbCaensaTenH KWEp¥keTAelIBt’man Edl pþl;[edayGñkPUmi. Rkumkargar)aneFVIkarsMrbsMrYl nigelIkTwkcitþ[GñkPUmicUlrYmpþl;nUv KMnit nig cMeNHdwg nig elIk eLIgnUvbBaðaBitü²EdlmankarTak;TgeTAnwgkarciBa©wmCIvitrbs; Kat;. bnÞab;mk RkumsikSa)aneFVIkarkt; RtanUvBt’man nigkarrkeXIjnana edIm,IcgRkgCa r)aykarN¾enHeLIg. karsikSaenH)anRbRBwtþeTAcab;BIéf¶TI 13 dl;éf¶TI 18 ExsIha qñaM 2002. RkumsikSa )an cUlrYm eFVIkarCamYyGñkPUmiBI 15 eTA 30 nak; BYkeKCaGñksµRK½citþcUlrYmEdlCatMNag[ GñkPUmi 142 RKYsar enAkñúgPUmienH. edayeyageTAelIPaBxusKñae\énsMPar³ meFüa)ay plitkmµ nigkMrit CIvPaBrs; enA xusKña GñkPUmi)anEckBYkeKCa 4 RkumeTAtamcMNat; fñak;RTBüsm,tþi ehIyRkumTaMgenaHmaneQµaHfa GñkFUFar Gñk mFüm GñkRkIRk nigGñkTIT½lRk. FnFansMxan;² rbs;PUmiRtUv)anEckecjCa 5 Rkum KWFnFan mnusS FnFanFmµCati FnFansgÁm FnFanehdæarcnasm<n§½ nig Fn FanhirBaØvtßú . mankarERbRbYlmYycMnYnEdlmanplb:HBal;dl;karciBa©wmCIvitrbs;GñkPUmi CaBiesskar ERbRbYlénFnFanFmµCati. cMnYnRbCaCnecHEtbnþekIneLIg EdlnaM[kareRbIR)as;FnFanman karekIneLIg ehIyTIbMput vaeFVImankarfycuHnUvFnFan. GñkPUmiEtgEtmankarrgeRKaHedaysar CMgW RKuncaj; RKunekþA RKunQam. Gñk RkIRkxVHxatsMPar³ksikmµ CaBiesskMlaMgGUsTaj ehIyCa TUeTAtMélplitpl rbs;GñkPUmiTabCagenATIpSar enATIRkugdl;eTA 50°. bBaðasMxan;² rbs;GñkPUmirYmman meFüa)ayeFVIdMeNIrenATab xVHTIpSarlk;plitpl Twk CMnn; xVHkMlaMgGUsTaj nigbec©keTskñúgkardaMduHmankMrit. elIsBIenHeTAeTotTaMgmnusS nig stV RbQmmux eTAnwgCMgW. RkumsikSa)anBiPakSa nigsMrbsMrYlGñkPUmikñúgkarcat;fñak;bBðaa nigviPaKrkrwsKl;énbBaða. CalT§pleK)aneFVIEpnkarskmµPaBmYyedIm,IkarBarCMgWstV nig begáIt CaFnaKa stV. karsnñidæan³ erOgr:av nigbBaðaEdl)anrkeXIjkñúgkMLúgeBlsikSa enAkñúgPUmiekaHc,ar )anpþl;lT§PaB [RkumelIkeLIgnUvkarBicarNasMrab;sßanPaBbc©úb,nñ nignaeBlGnaKt. eyIgyl;eXIjfa

1

GñkPUmi)aneFVIkary:agl¥CamYyGñkdwknaMrbs;eKEdlCakargayRsYlsMrab;GñkxageRkArYmsh karN¾CamYy. kMeNInRbCaCneFVI[FnFanFmµCatimankarfycuH.RbBn§½KmnaKmn¾mankMritTab eFVI[tMélksikpl Tab. GñkRkIRkrg eRKaHeday sarCMgW nigxVHes,óg. RkumsikSamansMNUmBrfa GñkPUmiKYEtmankarENnaMTak;TgeTAnwgbBaðasuxPaBKYreFVIkar RsavelIlT§PaBksikmµ KYreFVIkarBRgwgkarRKb;RKgplensaTensaT[mannirnþPaB nigpþl; \NTan Ca stV ciBa©wm edIm,ICYydl;GñkRkIRk. mankarelIkeLIgnUvGnusasn¾mYycMnYnBIRkumsikSa EdlTak;TgeTAnwgEpnkarRKYsar kar begáItshKmn¾ensaT Epnkarsagsg;s<an KMerag\NTanEdlmankarR)ak;Tab nigkarbegáIn cMeNH dwg elIkar ciBa©wmstVCalkçN³RKYsar.

2

1-esckþIepþIm 1-1 TItaMgPUmisaRsþ

extþRkecH KWCaextþmYysßitenAPUmiPaK\sanþénRbeTskm<úCa EdlmancMgay 217 K>m BIraC FanIPñMeBj ebIeFVIdMeNIrtampøÚvTwkéndgTenøemKgÁelI nigmancMgay 341 K>m ebIeFVIdMeNIr tampøÚveKak pøÚvCatielx 6Ga edayqøgkat;extþkMBg;camehIybnþtampøÚvCatielx 7 eday qøgs<anKIhSNa. edaypøÚvCatiminTan;mankarGPivDÆn_GñkdMeNITUeTAniymeFVIdMeNIeTAextþRkecH tampøÚvTwk eday cMNay eBlRb Ehl 6em:agtamkaNUtelOn . extþmanépÞdI srub 11.094Km2 nigman RbCaBlrdæcMnYn279.140 nak; RtUvCa 52.340RKYsar¬tamsßitiCMerOnCati qñaM !((* ¦. kñúgcMeNam RbCaCnTaMgGs;man CnCatiPaKtic cMnYn 8Rkumrs;enA KW cam Bñg KYy esÞóg mil eRKal fµÚn nig exaj. CnCatiTaMgenHeRcInrs;enAtMbn;éRBPñMdac;Rsyalkñúg PUmisaRsþ RsuksMbUr RsukRkecH RsukqøÚg nigRsuk sñÜl.

extþRkecHsßitenAtMbn;x<g;;rab EdlsMbUreTAedayéRBeQI stVéRB ehIymanTenøemKgÁ elI Edl CaRbPBTwkCaCMrkmcäaCati nigCaBiesseTotTenøemKgÁmanGnøg;eRCA² EdlCaCMrkRtI nigstV epSatEdl CaRbePTstVTwkd¾kMr. sBVéf¶manePJoveTscrN_Cati nigGnþrCati CaeRcInmkTsSna epSatEdleFVI[eK sÁal;extþRkecHkan;EteRcIn. dIksikmµPaKeRcInsßitenA tamdgTenø ERBk nig TMnabéRBlicTwk Edlman TMhMtUc²RtUv)aneKkMNt;CatMbn;dIesIm CakEnøgEdlmansar³sMxan; dl;CIvsaRsþcMruHehIykEnøgenH k¾ CatMbn;LÚt_ensaTtUc²pgEdr . bc©úb,nñLÚensaTTaMgGs;rbs; extþRkecHRtUv)anRbKl; [shKmn_ CaGñkRKb;RKg .

extþRkecHmancMnYnR)aMRsukKW RsuksMbUr RsukRkecH RsukERBkRbsBV RsukqøÚg nigRsuksñÜl ehIymanRBMRbTl;xageCIgCab;nwgextþsÞwgERtg nigextþmNÐlKIrI xaglicCab; nwgextþkMBg;FM xagt,Úg Cab;nwgextþkMBg;cam xagekItCab;nwgRbeTsevotNam. RkumsikSa )aneRCIserIsPUmiekaHc,ar EdlsßitenAkñúgXMuekaHExJr RsuksMbUredIm,IeFIVkarsikSa edaycMNay eBl6éf¶ enAkñúgPUmiCamYyGñkPUmi. PUmiekaHc,ar sßitenAtamdgTenøemKgÁCab;nwgLÚt_ensaT Edl)anrMsay KWERBkGUrtaNwg GtIt LÚt_elx 2 rbs;extþ EdlCatMbn;x<g;rabéRBeRsagre)aH. PUmimanbeNþay 12km TTwg4km man épÞdI 4.800ha nig manRBM RbTl;xagekIt Tl;nwgéRBRTal ¬XMuk,al dMrI¦ xaglicTl;nwgTenø emKgÁxagt,ÚgTl;nwg GUrtaNwg xageCIgTl;nwgGUrsVan. RbCaBlrdækñúgPUmi man 672 nak; RtUvCa 142RKYsar kñúgcMnYnenH

3

manBñg RbmaNCa 4,2 %KYyRbmaNCa1,4% énRbCaCnsrub. BYkKat;PaKeRcInRbkb rbreFIVERs nig ruk rkpl-GnupléRBeQI edIm,IciBa©wmCIvit . 1-2 RbvtþiPUmiekaHc,ar

kalBIsm½yedImeLIyPUmiekaHc,arKW CaekaHmYytUc manmnusSrs;enAEt 5 RKYsar b:ueNÑaH. BYkeKRbkbrbrdMadMNaMenAelIekaHenH EdlCaehtueFVI[GñkRsukCitxagehAfaekaHGñk eFIVc,ardMNaM. luHeRkaymkedaysarRbCaCncUlcitþehAEtRtwmekaHc,ar dUcenH eQµaHPUmiekaH GñkeFVIc,ardMNaM )an køaymkCaeQµaH PUmiekaHc,arvij.

kñúgsm½yGaNaniKmn_niym)araMg manRBwtþikarN_mYypÞúHeLIgKWkarbHe)areLIgrbs; RkumBñg nig BYkGñkeTasenAextþsÞwgERtgEdl)anTMlayKuk rYmédCamYyBñgRbqaMgnwg)araMg. RkumGñkPUmi kMBugkuy GUreRKog RbmaN 5RKYsarmanGsniþsuxk¾PasxøÜnmkenAelIekaHc,arenH. edayTMhMekaH tUc ehIykMeNInmnusSecHEteRcInGñkPUmik¾bþÚrTIlMenAmkrs;enAPUmiCab;RcaMgmçag EdlCaPUmisBVéf¶ enH EteKenAehAfaekaHc,ardEdlrhUtmk. taragTI1³ RBwtþiþþkarN_EdlekItmaneLIgenAtamsm½ykalnImYy²RtUv)anBiBN’nakñúgtaragxageRkam ³

sm½ymun\sSr³ qñaM1940-1945

PUmisßitenAelIekaHtUcmYy EdlmanRbCaCnrs;enARbmaN5RKYsar. Gñk PUmielIekaH)andaMdMNaMksikmµ eFVI[GñkRsukCitxag nigGñkPUmiehAPUmienH faekaHGñkeFVIc,ardMNMa. RkaymkBaküekaHc,ardMNaMenaH k¾køayeTABakü fa ekaHc,ar .

sm½y\sSr³ qñaM1946-1953

manRBwtiþkarN_bHe)arrbs;GñkeTasenAextþsÞwgERtg)anbukTMlayKuk ehIy RkumCnCatiBñgk¾bHe)arrYmKñaRbqaMgnwg)araMg. GñkPUmikMBugkuy 5 )an Pasn_xøÜnmkrs;enAelIekaHCamYyGñkRsukekaHc,ar.

qñaM1953-1960 enAsm½yenaHRbCaBlrdæPUmiekaHc,armankarxVHxates,óg nig sMelok bMBak;; y:agxøaMgehIyBYkKat;)anyk)aveFIVCasMelokbMBak;TaMgRbus TaMg RsI cMENkenApÞHvijBYkKat;rMuknÞb . eKeRbIbMBg;bu:y sMrab;bgáat;ePøIg ehIy enA sm½yenaHmanCMgWGasnñeraKyayIdl;GñkPUmi . eRkaymkedaykMeNIn RbCCnekIn rhUtdl; 38RKYsar GñkPUmik¾ mkrs;enAÉ nayRcaMgmçagvij.

qñaM 1962 RbCaCnekIndl;72RKYsar RbkbrbreFIVERscMkar rukrkpl GnupléRBeQI nig

4

ensaTRtICaeRcIn . CMnan;enaHmanCMgWmYyekIteLIgratt,at yayIdl; GñkPUmi KWCMgWG‘ut. erOgmYyeTotenAsm½yenaHmanRtIBEBs¬eBaRBuy¦ )an xaMmnusS enAGnøg;ekaHc,ar . RbéBNIrbs;GñkRsukRsI²bYgsk; burskat; sk;xøI kartub EtglMGrbs;RsþIedayeRbIeRKOgGlgá½kaGgáaM.

qñaM1970-1975 sm½yrdæRbharTMlak;RKab;EbkBIsMNak;BYkln;Nul GñkRsukP½yxøac. kareFIVERscMkar ensaTRtI nig rksIumin)anrvl;rt;eKcBIRKab;Ebk. Edl CaplBi)akeFIVeGaymankarxVHxates,ógCaGenøW² . enAqñaM 1975 cMnYn RbCaCnkñúgPUmiekaHc,ar)anekIneLIgedaysar BYkb:ulBt)anbBa¢Ún RbCa Cn Edlrs;enATIRkug eGaymkrs;enAkñúgPUmienH .

qñaM1975-1979 sm½yb:ulBt BYkGgÁkar)anbegáIteLIgnUvshkrN_ hUb)ayrYmeFVI ERscMkar ensaTCaRkumsamKÁI b¤ shkrN_. karrs;enAEbgEcktam v½yrbs;mnusS. b:ulBtCMelosGñkPUmiecjBIPUmi EtBYkKat;eKcBYn tam ekaHkaMg kñúgRsuk sMbUr . mkdl;qñaM1979evotNamcUlmkdl;tMbn;ERs s,Úv BYkGñkPUmik¾rt; eTA[TB½rMedaHCatiExµrCYy ehIyTB½evotNamk¾ CUn GñkPUmi Rtlb;mkekaH c,arvij EdlenAeBlenaHmanEtRbCaCncMnYn 30RKYsar b:ueNÑaH .

qñaM1979-1984 RbCaCncMnYn 80RKYsar eFIVkarCaRkumsamKÁI eBlenaHmanTwkCMnn;licPUmi. karensaTRtIgayRsYl edaysarsMbUrRtI stV éRBeQI .

qñaM1985-1990 RbCaCnmancMnYn 90RKYsar eBlenaHrdæaPi)al)ancab;epþImkMENTMrg; dIFøI edayEbgEckdIFøItamRKYsarnImYy²eBalKWtamekrþ_GakreLIgvij. GñkRsuk eKa rBRBHBuTæsasna .

qñaM1991-2002 bc©úb,nñenHRbCaCnmancMnYn142RKYsar EdlkñúgenaHBYkKat;RbkbrbreFIV ERs cMkar ensaT rukrkpl-GnupléRBeQI nigmansiTæiesrIPaBkñúgkarbeB©aj mtieyabl;e)aH eqñateRCIserIstMNagrbs;xøÜn Kitcab;taMg BIkarb egáIt shKmn_CRgukRsUv KN³kmµkarGPivDÆn_PUmi shKmn_ensaT CaedIm. l.

5

RsuksñÜl RsukqøÚg

RsukERBkRbsBV

RsuksMbUr

RsukRkecH

6

2-lTÐpl lTÐplénkarsikSaenHKWerobcMeLIgedayeyageTAtamKMeragnirnþrPaBkarciBa©wmCIvit Edl

manFnFan PaBrgeRKaH dMeNIrkar nigyuT§saRsþénkarciBa©wmCIvit. 2-1 cMNat;fñak;RTBüsm,tþi

kñúgkarcat;fñak;RTBüsm,tþienHRkumsikSa)anGeBa¢IjmnusScas;² nigKNkmµkarPUmimkcUl rYmeFVIkarvinicä½yedayeyageTAtamFnFan nigsßanPaBRKYsarnimYy² BYkKat;)ansMercEbgEckGñk PUmiCabYnRkum ³

1- RkumGñkFUrFar ³ man 29RKYsar esµI nwg 20 % 2- RkumGñkmFüm ³ man 52RKYsar esµI nwg 37 % 3- RkumGñkRkIRk ³ man 24RKYsar esµI nwg 17 % 4- RkumGñkTIT½lRk ³ man 37RKYsar esµI nwg 26 % RkumTI1 RkumGñkFUrFar ³ RkumenHman 29RKYsar esµInwg 20 %éncMnYnRKYsarsrubkñúgPUmi

BYkeKmandIbgábegáInplBI 2/5-2/8hikta ehIymanlTæPaBrukrandIfµIbnþeTot. eKGacplitRsUv)anBI 150-300faMg¼qñaM esµInwg 3>600 –7>200K>Rk. plRsUvenHhUbRKb;RKan;eBjmYyqñaM nigGacbNþak;[GñkRkIRkkñúg PUmieTotpg. BYkeKPaKeRcInmansMPar³ksikmµ nigkMlaMgGUsTajRKb;RKan; PaKeRcInmanRkbIBI 2-5 k,al eKa 3-10k,al. cMENkmeFüa)ayeFIV dMeNIrmandUcCa TUk kaNUt reTHeKa nigmansMPar³ eRbIR)as;mYycMnYneTotdUcCa vIedGU TUrTsSn_ ma:ej viTüú. RkumenHman 10RKYsar EdlmankaNUt eRbIR)as; .

eRkABIkardaMduHeKmanmuxrbrepSg²eTotdUcCa ensaTRtI kab;b¤sSI e)acvliø_ epþA kab;srsr bitRsa nigkinRsUvCaedIm .

RkumTI2 RkumGñkmFüm ³ RkummFümmancMnYn 52RKYsar esµInwg 37 %éncMnYnRKUsarsrubkñúgPUmiEdlmanépÞdIERs

cMkarCamFüm0/6-1hictaEdlTTYlplRsUvBI50-100faMgesµInwg1>200-2>400K>Rk

kñúgqñaM. plRsUvrbs;Kat;ERbRbYlGaRs½yeTAelIktþaFmµCati CaBiessTwkCMnn; nigTItaMgdIERsrbs;BYkKat;. BYkKat;mansMPar³ksikmµ nigkMlaMgGUsTajRKb;RKan; 70°

7

énRkumenHmaneKaRkbIsMrab;eRbIR)as;Ca kMlaMgGUsTaj. meFüa)ayeFIVdMeNIrmanTUk kaNUt reTHeKa kñúgenaHman 17 RKYsarmankaNUteRbI R)as; eRkABIenHeKmansMPar³epSg²eTot dUcCa TUrTsSn_ ma:ej viTüú nig masIunbUmTwk .

eRkABIcMNUl)anmkBIplRsUvBYkKat;manmuxrbrbEnßmeTotenArdUvR)aMg dUcCa kab;b¤sSI e)ac vløi_ dgCr½ nigkab;srs. cMENkÉkarkarciB©awmstVvijRKYsarxøHmaneKa RkbI pÞal;xøÜnCamFüm BI 2-5 k,al.

RkumTI3RkumGñkRkIRk ³ RkumenHman 24RKYsar esµI nwg 17 % énRKYsarkñúgPUmi BYkKat;PaKeRcIn

mandIbgábegIánpltictYc EdlCamFümBI 0/5-0/75hikta plRsUvEdlplit)an GachUbkñúg ry³eBlBak;kNþalqñaM b:ueNÑaH. enAeBlEdlxVHxatBYkKat;x©Ibul nigsIuQñÜlGñkFUrFardUcCa kab;b¤sSI caMgsrsr CaedIm CagBak;kNþalénRKYsarenARkumenHminmaneKa b¤reTHedIm,IeTA kab;b¤sSI b¤kab;srsredayxøÜnÉgeT xøHmaneKaEdrEtCaeKajIminGaceRbIR)as;)an. eKman sMPar³ eRbIR)as;tictYcdUcCa viTüú TUk manEt mYyRKYsareTEdlmakaNUteRbI.

RkumTI4 RkumGñkTIT½lRk ³ RkumenHmancMnYn 37RKYsar esµInwg 26 % énRKYsarkñúgPUmi BYkeKmandIERseRcInbMput

0/5 hikta kñúgmYyRKYsar EdlGacplitRsUv)aneRcInbMput 20faMgesµInwg 480K>Rk. plRsUvenHGac bMerI[karhUbcukEt 3-4Exb:ueNÑaH dUcenHRtUvxVHxatry³eBlEvgkñúgmYyqñaM². kñúgcenøaHeBlxVHxat BYkKat;BwgEp¥keTAelIkarsIuQñÜleFIVkargarenAkñúgPUmidUcCa dksÞÚg kab;b¤sSI e)acvløi_ caMgsrsr Rbmaj;stVéRB nigrukrkplGnupléRBeQIepSg²eTot. cMeBaHmeFüa)ay eFIVdMeNIr sMPar³ksikmµ nigkarciB©awmstV énRkumenHmantictYc b¤ KµanEtmþg. PUmiekaHc,arCaPUmimYyenAq¶aydac;RsyalEdlBi)akkñúgkareFIVdMeNIrdUcenHkarBüa)alCMgW CaTUeTARbCaBlrdæPaKeRcIneRbIfñaMburaNEdlpSMenAkñúgPUmi. edayELkfñaMeBTülk;kñúgPUmi manbnþic bnþÜcEdlKµankarRtYtBinitü[)anRtwmRtUv. enAkñúgPUmimansalaeron k¾b:uEnþGacFana [sisSeron )anRtwmEtfñak;TI3b:ueNÑaH. GñkPUmiKµanlTæPaBbBa¢ÚnkUn[eTAeron)aneRcIneT eKGaceron)aneRCA RCHedaybYsCasgÇerontamvtþEdlenAq¶ayBIPUmi bc©úb,nñmanGñkPUmibYs CasgÇ 16GgÁ. GgÁkar OCAA)aneFVIkmµviFI FnaKarRsUvsMrab;CYydl;GñkPUmi CaEpñkmYyCYy edaHRsayCIvPaBrbs;RbCaCnkñúgPUmi. GñkPUmiekaHc,arPaKeRcInmanmuxrbrbEnßmdUcCa kab;

8

b¤sSI caMgsrsr rkvløi rkCr½ b:uEnþman lkçN³xusKñaRtg; RkumTI1 nig RkumTI2 CaGñkCYlkMlaMgBlkmµ rIÉ RkumTI3 nig RkumTI4 CaGñksIu QñÜleFVIkargardUcxagelIenH.

9

taragTI2³ cMNat;fñak;RTBüsm,tþi RbePT GñkFUrFar 20° GñkmFüm 35 ° GñkRkIRk 15 ° GñkTIT½lRk 27 °

dIERs vsSa 1>5- 2>8 hikta 0>6- 1 hikta 0>4 - 0>7 hikta 0- 0>5 hikta TinñplRsUv 150- 300faMg

(3>600-7200KRk) 50-100faMg (1200-2>400KRk)

30-50faMg (720-1>200K>Rk)

0- 20faMg (480K>Rk)

suvtßiPaBes,óg hUbRKb;RKan;1qñaM nigsl;lk; RKYsarPaKeRcInmanes,óg xVHxates,ógBak;kNþalqañM manhUbEtkúñgeBlRbmUlpl meFüa)ayeFIVdMeNIr reTHeKa TUk TUkma:sIun ¬ 13esH ¦ reTHeKa TUk TUkma:sIun TUk reTHeKa TUktUc² sMPar³eRbIR)as; TUrTsSn_ ma:ej ma:sIunbUmTwk viTüú TUrTsSn_ ma:ej viiTüú viTüú Kaµn sMPar³ksikmµ reTH rnas; ngÁ½l rnas; ngÁ½l rnas; ngÁ½l rnas; ngÁ½l ]bkrN_ensaT lb2 sMNaj; mgeRcIn mg sMNaj; lb2-5 mg lb sMNaj; lb2 sMNaj; \NTan eGayeKx©Ibul x©IbuleK CMBak;eK karciBa©wmstV -RCUkBI3- 4k,al

-eKa 3-10k,al -RkbI 2-5k,al

-RCUkBI1-2k,al -eKa 2-5k,al -RkbI2-5k,al

-RCUk 1k,al -eKa 1k,al -RkbI1k,al

-RCUk1k,al

muxrbrbEnßm -eFIVERs ensaTRtI kab;b¤sSI kab;srsr lk;dUr e)acvløi_ epþA

-ensaTRtItictYc - bitRsa e)acvløi epþA

sIuQñÜleK ensaTRtI tictYc

sIuQñÜleKkñúgPUminig eRkAPUmi e)acvløi_epþA

kareronsURt fñak;TI 3 fñak;TI 3 fñak;TI 3 fñak;TI 3 TUkma:sIun TUkma:sIun 10eRKOg TUkma:sIun 14 eRKOg TUkma:sIun 1 eRKOg TUkma:sIun 1 eRKOg karBüa)alCMgW - cak;fñaMeBTüÉkCnkñúgPUmi - cak;fñaMeBTüÉkCnkñúgPUmi fñaMburaN fñaMburaN

10

FnFansMxan;²rbs;PUmi

2>2>1 FnFanmnusS CaTUeTAGñkPUmimanCMnajkñúgkareFVIksikmµdUcCaeFIVERsvsSa ERsbeNþjTwk eFVIcMkar

ensaTRtI karrukrkGnupléRBeQI Rbmaj; nigeFIVsib,kmµtu ekAGI TVabg¥ÜcCaedIm. CMnajTaMg enHmantaMgBIyUryarNas;mkehIyEdlGñkPUmiecHt²KñaBIbuBVbursrbs;BYkKat;. enAkñúgPUmiman GñkdwknaMsMxan;² dUcCaemPUmi GacarükñúgPUmi KN³kmµkarGPivDÆn_PUmi eBTüÉkCn EdlCaGñk GaccUlrYmCYyedaH Rsayral;bBaðaEdlekItmanenAkñúgPUmi nigcUlrYmdwknaMkargarGPivDÆn_dUcCa karbegáIt\NTanRsUv Büa)alstV nigkarTb;sáat;bTelµIsensaTEdl ekItmanenAkñúgPUmirbs; Kat;EfmeTotpg.

FnFanmnusSenAkñúgPUmienHman emPUmi RKUbeRgón CagpÞH RKUExµr qµbburaN RKUfñMaburaN Gñk bitRsa eBTüPUmi GñksµR½Kcitþkak)aTRkhm KN³kmµkarensaT KN³kmµkareBTüstVPUmi KN³kmµkarCRgukRsUv KN³kmµkarma:sIunbUmTwk GñkeLIgetñat nigGñklk;dUr. BYkeKTaMgenH CaGñkEdl manskmµPaBRTRTg;dlCIvPaBRKYsarrbs;BYkKat; ehIyCaGñkrs;enAkñúgPUmienH.

CaTUeTAGñkPUmiGacGan nigsresr)anbnþicbnþÜcEtb:ueNÑaH ehIycMeBaHekµg²vijman lTæPaB eron)anRtwmfñak;TI3b:ueNÑaH eRBaHenAPUmimanRtwmEtfñak;bzmsikSa.

2>2>2 FnFanehdæarcnasm<næ½ ³ PUmiekaHc,arCaPUmiEdlenAq¶aydac;Rsyal CaTUeTAGñkPUmiCYbkarlM)akkñúgkareFIVdMeNIr eTAkan;TIRbCMuCn. enAkñúgPUmienHmanEtpøÚvlM EdltP¢ab;BIBamGUrtaNwg rhUtdl;GUrsVan Edl manRbEvg 4 KILÚEm:Rt pøÚvenHsßitenAtambeNþaymat;TenøemKgÁ. pøÚvlMenHGaceFVIcracr)an EtreTHeKa nig efµIr eCIgEtb:ueNÑaH enArdUvvsSaeBareBjeTAedayPk;RCaMBi)akkñúgkareFIVcracreTA mkNas; eKGaceFVIdM eNIredayeCIg sUm,IEtkg;k¾minGaceRbI)anEdr dUcenHehIyenAkñúgPUmiTaMg mUlminmankg;eT. edIm,I eFIVdMeNIrmkTIrYmRsuksMbUrBYkKat;RtUveFIV dMeNIrtamTUkpÞal;xøÜn b¤ Bwg Bak;GñkCitxagEdlmanTUk.

GñkPUmi)anelIkTMnb;;tUc²cMnYn 3kEnøgsMrab;bMerIkareRsacRsB TMnb;enaHKWTMnb;ERsEvg TMnb;xÞm< nigTMnb;ERsRksaMg ehIymanma:sIunbUmTwkcMnYn 3eRKOg 1eRKOg)anmkBIkar]btßmÖ rbs;GgÁkar OCAA sMrab;eFIVERsbeNþjTwk nigERsvsSaenAeBlCYbeRKaHraMgs¶Ütmþgmáal.

11

eRkABI enH kñúgPUmimanviTüúTak;Tg 1eRKOg ma:sIunkinRsUv 5 tUblk;cab;hYy 5 kEnøg sala qTan 1xñg. vis½yGb;rMenAkñúgPUmiekaHc,armansalaeron 1xñg man 2bnÞb;EdlmansisScUleroncMnYn 123nak; .

2>2>3 FnFanFmµCati ³ FnFanFmµCatimantYnaTIy:agsMxan;kñúgkarciBa©wmCIvitrbs;GñkPUmi . FnFanTaMgenHman

Tenø ERBk GUr dIksikmµ dIPUmi éRBeQI nigdIéRBEdlGacrukraneFIVERscMkar)an. Tenø ERBk GUr CaRbPBpþ l; RtI nigFnFanvarICatiepSg² . eRkABIenHTenø nigERBkk¾CaRbPBnaMdIEdlman CICatisMrab;eRsacRsBelIdIERscMkarrbs;BYkKat;pgEdr. enAtammat;ERBksMbUreTAedayéRBlic Twk EdlbgálkçN³gayRsYldl;karrs;enAnigBgkUnrbs;BBYkmcäaCatienArdUvTwkeLIgcenøaH Ex mifuna rhUtdl;ExsIha . PUmimanbeNþay 12KmTTwg 4Km manépÞdI 4800hikta. épÞdIIksikmµsrubrbs;PUmi man 229hikta kñúgenaHépÞdIERsvsSaman 139hikta nig dIERs beNþjTwkman 90hikta dI EdlenA esssl;CadIéRB ¬tamkarsaksYrBt_manBIGñkPUmi ¦. eRkABIenHGñkPUmikMBugrukran dIéRB nig éRB licTwkedIm,IeFVIdIERs cMkar EdlmancMgayBIPUmiRbEhl 7K>m- 10K>m eday manCnCati Exµr Bñg nig KYyrs;enATIenaH. cMeBaHéRBeQIEdlsßitenAq¶ayBIPUmiRbEhl 7K>m-10K>m KWCaRbPB pþl; Gus eQIsMNg; vløi_epþA Cr½ s,Úv rukçCati»sfburaN nig stVéRB bkSI CaeRcIn RbePTCaBiess RCUk éRBEdlkBugmankarekIneLIg.

FnFanFmµCatirbs;PUmienHmankarfycuHCabnþbnÞab;edaysarPaBGNaFibetyüCaBiess éRBeQI stVéRB nigFnFanmc¢aCati. bc©úb,nñenHrdæaPi)alkMBugmanviFankarTb;sáat;karkab; bMpøaj éRBeQIkarTajykplepSg²BIéRBeQI nigmankarEkTMrg;elIkarRKb;RKg;kñúgvis½y Clpledaymankic©shkarCamYyGgÁkar OCAA nigkariyal½yensaTextþ begáItshKmn_ ensaTedIm,IkarBarFnFanTaMgenHeGaymannirnþrPaBeLIgvij.

12

13

14

2>2>4 FnFansgÁm ³

edaysarPUmienAq¶ayBITIRbCMuCn CaTUeTAkarBüa)alCMgWeKBwgEp¥keRcIneTAelIfñaMburaN Edl pSMenAkñúgPUmi cMENkfñaMeBTüEdllk;kñúgPUmimanbnþicbnþÜc KµankarRtYtBinitüRtwmRtUveT. PUmilatsn§wg tambeNþaydgTenøy:agEvg ehIyGñkPUmisg;pÞHenAtambeNþayPUmiXøatq¶ay² BIKña dUcenHkarTMnak; TMngenAkñúgPUmiTaMgmUlmankarlM)ak.

GñkPUmimanTMenomTMlab;RbéBNICYyKañeTAvijeTAmkenAeBlmanBiFIbuNüepSg² sg;pÞH BiFIeLIgpÞH erobGaBah_BiBah_ nigCYyKañkñúgeBlmanGasnñGn;Rk dUcCamanCMgW nigsMralkUn CaedIm. emXMu emPUmi cas;RBwTæacarü KN³kmµkarGPivDÆn_ CamnusSKnøWHkñúgkargarGPivDÆn_ rbs;PUmi eKmantY naTIy:agsMxan;kñúgkargarRKb;RKg nigkardwknaM karRbmUlpþúMGñkPUmiedIm,IeFVI EpnkarCamYyGgÁkar eRkArdæaPi)aledIm,IbegáItkmµviFIGPivDÆn_dUcCa FnaKarRsUv ma:sIunbUmTwk karBüa)alstV karEfrkSa FnFanmcäaCati nigkak)aTRkhm.

edIm,IsikSaelIkarTMnak;TMngrvagGñkPUmiCamYynwgGñkxageRkARkumkargar)aneFIVkarsikSadac;edayELkBIKañrvagRkumburs nigRsIþ ¬Ev:ndüaRkam ¦. Rkumkargar)ansMrbsMrYl[GñkPUmi eRbIR)as;RkdasEdlmanragCargVg;mUlmanTMhM 3 xusKñasMrab;tag[sßab½n GgÁkar nigbuKÁl EdlmankarBak;Bn§½CamYyGñkPUmi. TMhMRkdastMNag[PaBsMxan; rIÉcMgayEdleFobeTAnwg PUmibgðajBIPaBCitsñiT§ nigkarTMnak;TMngjwkjab;CamYyGñkPUmi. enAelIEv:ndüaRkamrbs;Rkum TaMgBIrenH)anbgðaj[eXIjkarTMnak;TMngrbs;BYkKat; manPaBdUcKñaeRcInEtk¾)anbgðaj BIKMnit xusKñaeTAelIsßab½n nig buKÁlmYYy cMnYnEdr.

mnusS nigsßab½nEdlsMxan;CageK TaMgbursnigRsþI)anKitfa emPUmi emXMu eBTüPUmi qµbburaN KN³kmµkarGPivDÆn_PUmi RKU

beRgon salaeron KWCamnusS nigsßabn½sMxan; EdlmanTMnak;TMngCitsñiTæbMputCamYyBYkKat;. buKÁlnig sßab½nTaMgenHCaGñkCYyGñkPUmikñúgkarRKb;RKgdwknaM ksag EfTaMsuxPaB nig Gb;rM bNþúHbNþalkUnecAkñúgkarRbkb rbrciB©wamCIvit CaBiessCYyTMnak;TMng nig edaHRsayral;bBaða lM)akepSg²EdlGñkPUmiCYbRbTH.

bnÞab;mkmanmnusS nigsßabn½mYycMnYnEdlRkumbursKitfasMxan;Edr EtmanTMnak;TMng mFümdYcCa b:UlIs emXMu Pñak;garsuxaPi)alsµRK½citþ nig Gñklk;dUr. b:UlIsmantYnaTIkarBar suvtßiPaB nig snþisuxPUmi emXMu CYyTMnak;TMngkargarBIXMumkPUmi Pñak;garsuxaPi)al CYyBüa

15

)alCMgW nigeFIVkarpSBVpSayGb;rMEpñksuxPaBdl;GñkPUmi edayELkmeFüa)aydwkCB¢aÜn)anCYy sMrYldl;kareFIVdMeNIr nig dwkCB¢aÚnksipl nigplitplnanamkkan;TIpSar.

RkumRsIþKitfaeBTüÉkCn GñkCitxag KN³kmµkarbuNü QµÜjTijeKaRkbI RKUExµrburaN sMxan; sMrab;BYkKat;. eBTüÉkCn)anbMerIesvasuxPaBdl;GñkPUmi GñkCitxagecHCYyKañenAeBl rvl; dUcCa buNü nig BiFIerobGaBah_BiBah_CaedIm QµÚjTijeKa RkbI sMrYldl;karlk;stV Bahn³ rbs;GñkPUmi enAeBlBYkKat;RtUvkarR)ak;mkeRbIR)as;enAkñúgRKYsar RKUExµrburaN)an CYy seRgÁaH GñkCMgWEdlman enAkñúgPUmi. enAmanmnusSsMxan; mYycMnYneTotEdlRkumbursKitfa sMxan;EdrEtBYkeKTaMgenaHesÞIr EtminEdlmkeFIV karenAPUmiKat; esaH dUcCasalaRsuk GgÁkar PFD PM siTæimnusS nig QñÜjTij ksipl.

mnusS nigsßabn½EdlsMxan;mFüm³ KN³kmµkarbuNü salaqTan eBTüstV »sfburaN cugePA CagpÞH kak)aTRkhm Ca

mnusSEdlRkumRsþI KitfasMxan;mFüm RkumTaMgenHehIyEdlCYysMrYldl;karrs;enArbs;BYkKat; dUcCaeTBüstVPUmiCYyBüa)alCMgWstVenAeBlstVQWmþg² rIÉKN³kmµkarbuNüvij)anCYysMrYl dl;kareFIVbuNüenArdUvP¢úMbiNÐ nigBiFIbuNüepSg². ÉbursvijKitfaQµÜjTijRCUk GñkTijsrsr nig Pñak;gardMNaMksikmµCamnusSsMxan;mFüm. QµÜjTijRCUkEtgEtmkTijRCUkdl;pÞH enAeBl EdlBYkKat; ciB©awm)anehIymincaM)ac;[BYkKat;dwkCBa¢ÚnmkTIpSar dUcKñaenHEdrmanGñkTijsrsr )anmkRbmUl TijsrsrEdlKat;kab;BIéRB .

mnusS nigsßabn½EdlminsUvsMxan; mnusSnigsab½nmYycMnYnEdlminmanPaBsñiTæsñalCamYyGñkPUmiKW tulakar salaextþ. BYkGñk TaMgGs;enHminsUvsMxan;sMrab;Kat;eT eRBaHmankarlM)ak kñúgkarTMnak;TMng.

16

rUbPaBTI4³ EpnTIsgÁmPUmiekaHc,ar

17

18

19

2>2>5 FnFanhirBaØvtßú ³ CaTUeTAGñkPUmirkR)ak;cMNUledayBwgEp¥kelIkarlk;ksipl GnupléRBeQI nig plen

saT CaedIm. RkumGñkFUrFar nig GñkmFümmanlT§PaBeRcInkñúgkareFIVERscMkar Rbmaj;stVéRB kab;eQI nigensaT edayBYkeKmansMPar³nig ]bkrN_RKb;RKan;sMrab;eRbIR)as;kñúgkarRbkbmux rbrenaH. eRkABIenHBYkeKk¾mancMNUlmkBIkarlk;stVciBa©wm dUcCa eKa RkbI RCUk man; Ta pg Edr.

cMeBaHGñkRkIRk nigGñkTIT½lRkvijRbkbmuxrbrciB©awmCIvitedayBwgEp¥kelIkarsuIQñÜleFVI kar[eKEdlGac)anR)ak;cMNUlBI 2500- 3000erolkñúgmYyéf¶. eRkABIenHmanGñkxøHeTA Rbkbmux rbrepSg² eTotdUcCakarRbmaj;stVéRB kab;b¤sSI nigsIuQñÜlkab;eQI. karrkcMNUl rbs;GñkRkIRk nig GñkTIT½lRkenAkñúgPUmi mankarlM)ak ehIyrkR)ak;cMNUl)antictYcbMput eKesÞIrEtKµan lTæPaB RbmUlplelIFnFanFmµCatiEdlPUmimandUcCaRtI nigplGnupléRBeQI eRBaHKat;Kµan]bkrN_ nig sMPar³edIm,IRbkbmuxrbrenH.

20

taragTI4³ FnFansMxan;²TaMgR)aMkñúgPUmiekaHc,ar

FnFanmnusS FnFanehdæarcnasm<½næ FnFanFmµCati FnFansgÁm FnFanhirBaØvtßú - emPUmi emXMu /KN³kmµkarGPivDÆn_PUmi 5nak;¼RsI2nak; -RKUbeRgon 2nak ; -KN³kmµkarCRgukRsUv5nak;¼RsI2 nak; -RKUExµr 2nak; eBTüPUmi1nak;RsI qµbburaN6nak; CagpÞH 2nak; - KN³kmµkarma:sIunbUmTwk5n¼RsI2nak; - GñkeLIgetñat4nak; - Pñak;garsµ½RKcitþsuxaPi)al2n¼RsI1n -KN³kmµkarbuNü

- KN³kmµkarensaT9nak;¼RsI4nak; - GñkbitRsa 7 nak ; - Gñklk;dUrtictYc5pÞH - cugePA1nak; - Gñksµ½RKcitþkak)aTRkhm2 nak;¼RsI1n

- GaykUm 1eRKOg - manpøÚvlMkñúgPUmi 1ExS - salabzmsikSa 1xñg - salaqTan 1xñg - tUbcab;hYy 5kEnøg - ma:sIunkinRsUv 5 eRKOg - TMnb;mancMnYn3kEnøg TMnb;ERsEvg TMnb;xÞm< TMnb;ERsRksaMg - pøÚvreTH 1ExS - ma:sIunbUmTwk 3eRKOg 1eRKOg)anmkBIGgÁkar OCAA

- TenøemKgÁ - ERBkGUrsVan ERBkGUrta Nwg ERBkGYretñat GUrkac; RBYl - éRBeQI stVéRB - dIcMkar - dIERsvsSa 139hikta - dIPUmitammat;Tenø nigdIdaMdMNaMhUbEpø - varICati CaBiessRtI - éRBlicTwk - pl-GnupléRBeQI

-sasnaRBHBuTæ§ -eKarBcas;RBwT§acarü - RbéBNICYyKañeTAvijeTAmk -BiFIbuNüepSg² -karsamKÁIKña -mankardwknaMeFVIkargarepSg² rbs;cas;RBwT§acarü nig KN³ kmµkarGPivDÆn_PUmi

- lk;ksipl - lk;stVciBa©wmeKa RkbI RCUk man;- sIuQñÜl2500`-3000`¼1éf¶ - lk;RtI2000`-2500`¼1Kg -CYlma:sIunbUmTwktMél 3000`¼1em:ag -CYlma:sIunbUmTwkrbs;GgÁkar OCAAtMél8000`¼1ema:g

-\NTanRsUvGgÁkar OCAA 1faMg karcMnYn1knþaMg -CYleKa RkbI eFIVERs1rdUv esµInwg 15faMg -CUldIERs1rdUvBI25-30faMg

21

FnFanTaMgR)aMtagedayrUbPaBbBa©ekaN

H

N S

P F

H FnFanmnusS N FnFanFmµCati FFnFanhirBaØvtßú PFnFanehdæarcnasm<½n§ S FnFansgÁm - FnFanmnusS³eyIgmineXIjsBaØaNamYyEdlbgðajBIkarGPivDÆn_enaHeLIy eRBaHGñkPUmi

TUeTAswgEtminGacqøgputGnkçrPaBpg eKGaceron)anRtwmfñak;TI3 EdlmanenAkñúgPUmi. - FnFanFmµCatikMBugEtmankarfycuHCaBiesséRBeQI stVéRB nigFnFanmcäaCati RBmCa

mYynigkMeNInmnusSecHEtekIneLIgya:geRcInEdlTamTar[BYkKat;BRgIképÞdIdaMduH nigeFIV ensaThYskMrit nig karkab;éRBeQIEdlsßitenAkñúgPUmirbs;Kat;.

- FnFanhirBaØvtßúrbs;GñkPUmiTUeTAKWBwgEp¥kelIkksipl nigkarRbmUlplBIFmµCati dUcenHva mankarTak;TgeTAnwg FnFanFmµCati ktþaFmµCati nigeKalneya)ayrbs;raCrdæaPi)al. Rb sinebIFnFanFmµCatimankarfycuHehIy karrkR)ak;cMNUlrbs;GñkPUmik¾GacfycuHpgEdr.

- FnFanehdæarcnasm<½n§salaeronsalaqTan pøÚvKmnaKn_min)aneqøIytbeTAnwgtMrUvkarrbs; GñkPUmieT.GñkPUmimankarlM)akkñúgkareFVITMnak;TMngCamYyGñkxageRkA ehIyral;ksiplnig plitplnanarbs;GñkPUmimantMélefakCagTIpSardl;eTA 50°eRBaHBi)akkñúgkardwkCBa¢Ún.

- FnFansgÁm ³ GñkPUmimankarTMnak;TMngKñal¥ samKÁIKña dUcCaenAeBlmanbuNüTan nigBiFI epSg² CaBiesskareKarBcas;RBwT§acarüenAkñúgPUmi.cMeBaHrdæGMNacmUldæanPUmimankarTMnak; TMngl¥ eday man eKarBKñaeTAvijeTAmkehIypþl;PaBgayRsYlsMrab;GñkxageRkA edIm,I shkar eFVIkargarepSg²CamYy GñkPUmib:uEnþGñkPUmiminsUvmanTMnak;TMngCamYyrdæGMNacfñak; elI eLIy.

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2-3 PaBgayrgeRKaH 2-3-1 ksikmµnigrdUvkal

skmµµµµµPaBbgábegáInplkargarsgÁÁÁm nigkarERbRbYlkñúgry³eBlmYyqñaMRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúg düaRkamrdUvkalEdleFVIeLIgedayRkumburs nigRsþIdac;edayELkBIKña. RkumsikSa)ansMrbsMrYl[ GñkPUmidak;;RKab;eBatedIm,IsMKal;PaBmmar jwkminsUvrvl; nig TMenrtamExnImYy²edaykMNt;fa 5 RKab; sMrab;karmmarjikxøaMgehIyminsUv rvl; 4 b¤ 3RKab;eTAtamlMdab;rhUt dl;minmanskmµPaB esaHTukenATMenr. RkumTaMgBIr)aneRCIserIsykExtamRbtiTincnÞKtiEdleKniymehAfaEx Exµrmk eRbIedaykMNt;ykExEcRtCaExTImYy EdlRtUvnwgEx emsa.

enAkñúgskmµPaBbgábegáInplGñkPUmimankarrvl;esÞIreBjmYyqñaMehIyeyIgsegáteXIjman kargarxøH burs nigRsþIeFVIkargardUcKña EteBlxøHeKeFVIkargarxusKña. RsIþcUlrYmkargareFVIERsvsSaenA cugExemsa BYkKat;CaGñkkab;éRB ehIyburseTAeFVIkarP¢Üras;dIenAEx ]sPa KWenAeRkayeBlRsIþkab; qáaéRBehIy BYkKat;bnþreFVIkarEfTaMrhUtdl;RbmUlpl. enAeBlEdlTMenrBIkargardaMduHeKeTAkab; qáaéRB Kas;Kl;edIm,IBRgIkdIksikmµ nigeFVIkargarepSg²eTotedIm,IciBa©wmCIvitdUcCa ensaT eLIgetñat rukrkpl-GnupléRBeQI. eKGaceFVIVkarensaTeBjmYyqñaM b:uEnþmmajwkxøaMgkñúgEx mina Exemsa BIeRBaHeBlenHBYkKat;TMenrBIkargarepSg²eTotTot.

cMeBaHRsiþvijeKeFIVRbhuk p¥k enAEx]sPa dl; Exmifuna Caerogral;qñaM BIeRBaHeBlenHTwk cab;epþImeLIgRtIk¾cuHBIGnøg;nanaeq<aHeTAtMbn;valTMnab nigtMbn;éRBlicTwkedIm,IBgkUn nigsIucMNI. eRkABIenHRsIþman kargarepSgeTotdUcCa RcUts,Úv RcUtRsUv nig EfTaMkUn.

Rkumburs nig RsIþ)anbgðajGMBICMgwmnusS CMgWstV nigPaBxVHxates,óg[Rkumkargardwg. CMgW mnusS nigstVekItmanswgeBjmYyqñaM CMgWstVeRcInekItenAExvsSa. bBaðaxVHes,ógeRcInenAcenøaH Ex ]sPadl;ExkBaØaKWenAkñúgrdUvvsSa.

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2-3-2 ninæakarnigkarERbRbYl karERbRbYlmYycMnYnmankarTak;TgeTAnwgkarciBa©wmCIvitrbs;GñkPUmiekaHc,ar. GñkPUmi)an

tagkarERbRbYlTaMgenHelIdüaRkam ¬emIldüaRkam¦ dUcCaépÞdIERsvsSa stVéRB éRBeQI TwkCMnn; plRtI stVepSat salaeron shKmn¾ kMeNInRbCaCn vtþGaram nig CMgWRKuncaj;.

dIERsvsSa ³ PUmiekaHc,ar CaPUmienAq¶ayBITIRbCMucn kñúgtMbn;éRBeRsagEdlmanépÞdIFMlVwgelVIy enHKWCa

FnFanFmµCatid¾sMxan;rbs;PUmi Edlpþl;lT§PaB[GñkPUmi kñúgkarkab;qáaéRB BRgIkdIdaMduH. enAkñúg düaRkam )anbgðaj[eXIjfaépÞdIERsrbs;GñkPUmimankarekIneLIgCalMdab; karekIneLIgenHekIt manRsbKñaeTAnwgkMeNInRbCaCnenAkñúgPUmi.

enAb:unµanqñaMcugeRkayenHedaysarbBaðTwkCMnn; GñkPUmi)anpøas;yuTæsaRsþkúñgkareFIVERsvsSa eTAeFIVERsbeNþjTwk nigeFIVkarkab;qáaéRBenAtMbn;x<s;q¶ayBITenø EdlminziteRkam\T§iBlTwkCMnn;. b:uEnþenAeBleKeTAeFVIERsenAq¶ayeKCYmnwgbBðaastVbMpøaj CaBiessRCUkéRB nigCYnkalk¾manbBaða xVHTwkEdr.

kMeNInRbCaCn ³ mnusScas;²kñúgPUmicaM)anfa qañM1930-1950 PUmimanRbCaCnrs;enAcMnYn 18RKYsar. BYk eKrs;enAray):aykñúgPUmi edayRbkbrbreFIVERs cMkar bre)aj;stV rukrkpl GnupléRBeQI nig ensaTRtI. cMnYnRbCaCnenAkñúgPUmiecHEtekIneLIg enAkñúgcenøaHqñaM 1960-70 eKenAcaM)anfaman RbCaCnrs;enAkñúgPUmi 72RKYsar. cMnYnGñkPUmimankarfycuHvijenAcenøaHqñaM 1970-80. eKcaM)anfaenAkúñgqñaM 1979 GñkPUmi manEt 30RKYsareT BYkeKCaGñkesssl;BIkarsøab;edaysarsRgÁam BYkb:ul BtsMlab; nigmYy cMnYnCnøasecjBIPUmizan. cab;BIqñaM 1980 mkcMnYnRbCaCnmankarekIneLIgCalMdab; rhUtmkdl;bc©úb,nñenHGñkPUmi mancMnYn 142RKYsar ehIyBYkeKenAEtbnþrRbkbrbrciBa©wmCIvitdUcBImunmkEdl. GñkPUmi)anTTYlsÁal;Edrfa vaBitCamankarb:HBal;dl;FnFanFmµCati enAeBlEdlmnusS ekIneLIg TamTar[mantMrUvkareRbIR)as;FnFanx<s; EdlCMruj[mankarRbmaj;stVéRB karensaT karkab;éRBeQIBRgIkdIksikmµ nigkab;eQIlk; dUcenHeyIgsegáteXIjfaFnFanFmµCatirbs;Kat; kMBugEtfycuHy:agxøaMg.

27

plRtIkñúgFmµCati plRtIkñúgFmµCatik¾mankarfycuHdUcCaFnFanFmµCatiiepSg²eTotEdr. enAkñúgkMLúgeBlqañM 1960-70RtIenAtamTenø bwgmaneRcInNas; enAeBlenaHKµankarensaTtamrebobeRbIExSePøIgqk; nig e)akRKab;eLIy eBalKWGñkPUmiensaTRtIedayeRbIR)as;]bkrN¾RbéBNICalkçN³RKYsar dUcCa snÞÚc mg sMNaj; lb RTU can;.l. sßanPaBsMbUrRtIenHbnþrhUtdl;qñaM 1980 b:uEnþvamankarfycuH RbmaNCa 50°enAcenaHqñaM 1980-85 ebIeRbobeFobeTA nwgTsvtSqñaM 60-80 karfycuHenH bNþalmkBIkarensaTedayeRbI]bkrN¾xusc,ab;dUcCa ma:sIunqk; e)akRKab;Ebk nigbiTGUrCaedIm. dl; qñaM1990-2000RtIsßitkñúgkMritmanesßrPaBedayeBlenaHmankar PUmimanshKmn¾ensaT nigmankic©shkarrvagsmtßkic©ensaT. müa:g]bkrN¾ensaT RtUv)ankMNt;edaybegáItCashKmn¾ ensaT BiesseTAeTotenHkarkat;LÚt¾ensaTRbKl;CUnshKmn¾CaGñkRKb;RKg. karekIneLIgén cMnYnRbCaCnnaM[mantMrUvkarhUbRtIkan;Etx<s;vak¾CaktþaCMruj[plRtIfycuHpgEdr.

stVepSat ³ stVepSatKWCaVRbePTstV Edlbc©úb,nñenHmankarcab;GarmµN¾BIGñkeTscrN¾Cati nig Gnþr Cati. epSatmanenAtamTenø kñúgGnøg;eRCA² kalBIGMLúgqañM1965-70. qñaM1970-80 manbnþic bnþÜc dl;qñaM1980-2002 KWKµanepSatkñúgEdnensaTPUmiekaHc,arEtmþg. kar)at;bg;epSatTaMgRsug BIEdlensaTPUmiekaHc,arenHbNþalmkBIkarensaTedayeRbIm:asuInqk; nigCaBiess eTAeTotenaHKW kare)akRKab;EbkEdleFVI[søab;epSat nigepSatEdlenAesssl;P½yminh‘anenATI enaHeTot.

kar)at;bg;éRBeQI ³ fVIt,itEttMbn;enHRtUv)aneKTTYlsÁal;faCatMbn;sMbUréRBeQI Etvak¾mankarfycuHCa lMdab;; Edr. ktþasMxan;EdlCMruj[mankar)at;bg;éRBeQIenHKWkarkab;eQIlk;Etmþg CaBiesskñúgkMLúgqñaM 1980-00. GñkPUmi)anniyayfaenAcenøaHqñaM 1993-01 manRkumh‘unmkkab;eQIenAkñúgPUmiKat; eK)ankab;eQIdwkecjBIPUmiy:ageRcInsn§wksn§ab; bc©úb,nñenHRkumhu‘nenH)anecjBIPUmieTAehIyman EtBYkGñkPUmikab;eQIlk; edayeRbI]bkrN¾kaMbit BUefA eKkab;sMrab;eRbIR)as; enAkñúgmUldæan niglk; bnþicbnþÜc.

kar)at;bg;stVéRB TnÞwmnwgkarkab;éRBeQI karRbmaj;stVéRBk¾mansPaBxøaMgkøaEdr dUcenHstVéRBmankar)at;

bg;RsbKñaeTAnwgéRBeQIEdlCaCMrkrbs;va. GñkPUminiyayfakúñgkMLúgqñaM 1950-60 enAkñúgéRB 28

sMbUreTAedaystV dUcCa kþan; QøÚs eRbIs rmaMg xÞIg TenSag RCUk. l. kñúgeBlsRgÁamBIqñaM 1970-73 stVéRBmankarfycuHbnþicedaysarmanynþehaHTMlak;RKab;EbkenAkñúgéRBeFVI[stVTaMgenaH søab; ehIyk¾mankarRbmaj;BImnusSpgEdr. qañM1973-75 stVcMnYnstV)anekIneLIgvijbnþiceRBaH eBlenaHKµansRgÁam nigkarRbmaj;stVlk;eT. qañM1979-2000 stVmankarfycuHy:agxøaMgeday sarmanRkumh‘unkab;eQI nigmankarRbmaj;edayeRbIkaMePøIg. cMnYnstVéRBmankarekIneLIgvij CaBi ess RCUkéRB eRBaHfaraCrdæaPi)al)anecjnUveKalneya)aydkhUtGavuF nigmankarcat;viFan karN¾ twgrwgTb;sáat;karRbmaj;stVéRBmklk;enATIRkug nigTIRbCMuCnnana. tamBt’manGñkPUmi )an [dwgfakñúg PUmisBVéf¶eKeXIjmanstVxÞIg3k,al TenSag11k,al RCUkéRB nigsVamanrab;Ban;k,al nigstVepSg²eTot.

salaeronkñúgPUmi ³ kñúgPUmimansalabzmsikSa 1xñg man2bnÞb; sisSeron)an 3fñak; bc©úb,nñmansisScUl

eron 123nak;. GñkPUmi)aneGaydwgfa enAqñaM1979-95PUmimansalarron1xñg EdlmandMbUl s,Úv. dl;qñaM 1995-2002 GñkPUmi)anCYsCulsalaeronenaHedayRbkek,ÓgCMnYsvij b:uEnþeTaHCa y:agenHk¾edaysalaeronenHGacbMerI[sisScUleron)anRtWmEtfñak;TI 3 d¾Edl. karbegáItshKmn¾ ³

tamkarsikSa)an[dwgfakñúgPUmimanshKmn¾ensaT CRgukRsUvGPivDÆn¾PUmi ma:sIunbUmTwk eBTüstV kak)aTRkhmsµR½Kcitþ Pñak;garsuxaPi)al nigqµbPUmi . GIVEdl)an BiBN’naxagelIKW )ancab;epþIm dMeNIrkar BIqañM 1995-02 eRkamkarKaMRTrbs;GgÁkar CAA .

vtþþGaram cas;²enAkñúgPUmiEdlmanGayuRbEhlBI 60-70qñaM)an[dwgfakñúgPUmimansalaqTan1xñg

TuksMrab;eFIVbuNüTan nigsmaTansIl. BUkKat;)anbEnßm[dwgfakalBIkñúgGMLúgqñaM 1960-70PUmi mansalaqTanmYy nigkudimYysMrab;TukeKarBbUCa BIeRBaHGñkPUmisuTæEtCaGñkeKarBRBHBuTæsasna ehIyEfmTaMgmanRBHsgÇeTotpg. bc©úb,nñenHmanEtsalaqTanmYyEtKµanRBHsgÇKg;enAeT dl; eBlrdUvbuNüTan BYkKat;RtUveTAnimnþRBHsgÇ BIvtþxageRkA PaKeRcInBYkKat;nimnþelakBIvtþsMbUr. bBaðaTwkCMnn; ³

GñkPUmi)anniyayfakalBIedIm PUmiKat;minEdlCYbeRKaHTwkCMnn;eT yUr² manTwkCMnn;licPUmi mþg. BYkKat;enAcaM)anfaqñaM 1978manCMnn;mþg dlqñaM;1984 manmþgehIy qñaM1996mþgeTot.

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b:uEnþenAeBlRbEhlbI bYnqñaMcugeRkayenHmanCMnn;Cab;²Kña EtmþgEdlecatCabBaðadl;karciB©awmCIvit CaBiesskareFVIERsvsSa dMNaMPUmi pÞHsMEbg eKa RkbI CYbbBaðalM)akéRkElg. TwkCMnn;eFVI[BYkKat; ;xVHes,óg ehIyKat;RtUvpøas;bþÚryuTæsaRsþBIkareVIERsvsSa eTAeFIVERsbeNþjTwk nigeTAkab;qáaéRBenA q¶ayBITenøedIm,IeFIVERs .

bBa§aCMgWRKuncaj;³ CaTUeTAGkPUmienAtMbn;x<g;rabdac;Rsy:alEtgEtTTYlrgeRKaHBICMgWRKuncaj; k¾dUcCaGñkPUmi

ekaHc,arEdreKiEtgEtrgeRKaHedayCMgWRkuncaj;. enAkMLúgqñaM1970-75 CMgWRKuncaj;manEt bnþic bnþÜcb:ueNÑaH BIeRBaHGñkPUmimanKñatic ehIyPaKeRcInBYkeKmankars‘aM eTAnwgCMgWenH mü:ageToteKrk eXIjfñaMburaNedIm,IEdlGacBüa)alCMgWRKuncaj;enHRbkbedayRbsiT§PaB. 1975-1979 sßitenA kñúgrbbb:ulBt BYkeK)anCMelolRbCaBlrdæEdlrs;enAPñMeBjmkrs;enAtMbn;enH BYkKat;)anTTYlrg nUvCMgWRKuncaj;y:ag xøaMgehIyPaKeRcInsøab;)at;bg;CIvitedaysarCMgWenH. qñaM1980-93CMgWRKuncaj; cab;epþImfycuHbnþicmþg²eday sarmankarpSBVpSayBIrdæaPi)al nig GgÁkarmYycMnYnEdl)anpþl;mug nig fñaMRClk;mugCaedIm. qñaM1993-02 bc©úb,nñCMgWRKuncaj;enARtwmEt5-8°Etb:ueNÑaH. GñkekItCMgW RKuncaj;PaKeRcInCaGñkRkIRk EdlKµanes,óghUbRKb;RKan; nigTICMrkminsmrmü.

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2-4 sßab½nnigdMeNIrkar taragTI4

sßab½n viC¢man GBüaRkitü GviC¢man emPUmi a emXMu a salaeron a salaRsuk a eBTüstVRsuk a Pñak;garksikmµ a eyaFa a b:UlIs a kak)aTRkhm a salaextþ a

Pñak;garsuxaPi)al a

rdæaPi)al

tulakar a QñÜjTijRCUk/eKa/RkbI a Gñklk;dUrkñúgPUmi a GñkTijsrsr a

GñkeFIVCMnYj

GñkTijb¤sSI a GgÁkar OCAA a KN³kmµkarGPivDÆn¾PUmi a KN³kmµkarshKmn¾ a FnaKarRsUv a eBTüstVPUmi a KN³kmµkarbuNü a qµbburaN a eBTüÉkCn a CagpÞH a

sgÁmsIuvil

eBTüPUmi ¬CnbegÁal ¦ a

33

eyagtamlMhat;Ev:ndüaRkam eyIgeXIjfamanmnusS nig sßab½n3RkumEdlmanTMnak;TMng KWrdæaPi)al GñkeFIVCMnYj nigsgÁmsIuvil. GñkPUmiKitfa RkumTaMgenHman\TæiBleTAelIkarciB©awmCIvit rbs;BYkKat;.

rdæaPi)al mnusSnigsßab½nEdlsßitenAkúñgRkumrdæaPi)alCaeRcIn EdlGñkPUmiKitfaman\T§§iBleTAelIkar

ciBa©wmCIvitrbs;Kat; ehIyRkumTaMgenaHxøHman\T§iBlviC¢man nigxøHeTotGñkcat;faGBüaRkit. GBüa RkitenHmann½yfaBYkeKmin)anrMxandl;karciBa©wmCIvitrbs;GñkPUmi ehIyk¾min)aneFVIGnþraKmn¾Na mYyEdlCYydl;GñkPUmiEdr. kñúgenaHGñkPUmieBjcitþeTAelIGnþraKmn¾nanarbs; emPUmi emXMu sala eron nig eBTüstVRsuk eRBaHKat;yl;faeBTüstV)anCYydl;BYkKat;eBlmanbBaðasMxan;²TaMgmnusS nigstVciB©awmkñúgPUmi cMENksalaeron ya:gehacNas;k¾)an pþl;cMeNHdwgdl;kUnecAKat; kñúgPUmiecH GanecHsrsr)anxøHeTaHbImanRtwmfñak;TI3k¾eday cMENkÉemPUmi emXMuCardæGMNacEdl EtgEtenA CItKat; gayRsYlBwgBak;eBlmanbBaðanana.

sßabn½epSg²eTotdUcCa salaextþ salaRsuk tulakar Pñak;garsuxaPi)al kak)aTRkhm Pñak;garksikmµ sMxan;sMrab;PUmi nigb:uEnþ eTAnwgmanTMnak;TMngCalkçN³Rbeyaltamry³PUmi XMu EdlGñkPUmi.

GñkeFIVCMnYj ³ PUmiekaHc,armanGñklk;dUrkñúgPUmicMnYn 5pÞH GñkPUmiyl;facMnucenHmanlkçN³l¥RbesIr

BIeRBaHPUmimanTItaMgsßitenAq¶ayBITIRbCMuCn. QµÜjTijb¤sSI srsr RCUk eKa RkbI GñkPUmiKitfa CacMnucviC¢manmYy kñúgkaredaHRsayCIvPaBrbs;GñkPUmi . R)ak;cMNUlrbs;GñkPUmiKWBwgBak;eTAelI RkumQµÜjxagelIenHTaMgRsug eRBaHBYkKat;mankarlM)akkñúgkarrkmeFüa)aydwkCBa¢Únplitplmk lk;enATIpSar.

sgÁmsIuvil ³ RkumenHmanGgÁkar OCAA ehIyGgÁkarenH)anbegáIt[man KN³kmµkarGPivDÆn¾PUmi KN³

kmµkarshKmn¾ensaT KN³kmµkarCRgukRsUv eBTüstVPUmi eBTüPUmi ¬CnbegÁal¦ qµbburaN BYk Kat; yl;faRkumenH)anCYybn§ÚrbnßynUvkarlM)akmYycMnYnFMrbs;GñkPUmi. enAkñúgPUmik¾maneBTü

34

ÉkCnmYyEdr EdlGñkPUmiKitfaeBTüenHman\T§iBlCaGBüaRkiteTAelIkarciBa©wmCIvitrbs;Kat; eRBaH ral;karBüa)al nigfñaMGñkPUmiRtUvcMNayeBjéf¶.

GgÁkar O CAA karcUlrYmkñúgkarGPivDÆn¾PUmiry³eBl RbEhl 5qñaM knøgmkehIyman KN³kmµkarGPivDÆn¾PUmicUlrYmshkareFIVkarCamYyRbCaCn shKmn¾ensaT cUlrYmTb;sáat;bT elµIs ensaTtamERBknigTenøemKgÁ FnaKarRsUvCYypþl;RsUveGayGñkx©IeBlxVHxat eBTüstVPUmi CYycak;fñaMkarBarCMgW nig Büa)alCMgWstV eBTüPUmi ¬CnbegÁal ¦ CYyGb;rMENnaMBIbBaðasuxPaBdl; RbCaCnkñúgPUmi nig kMBugCMrujkarGnuvtþn¾bnþeTotedIm,IkarrIkcMerInkñúgPUmi .

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2>5 yuTæsaRsþciB©awmCIvit GñkPUmimanyuT§saRsþciBa©wmCIvitepSg²KñaedayeyageTAtamFnFan meFüa)ay nigCMnaj

pÞal;xøÜnEdleKman. RkumGñkFUrFa nigGñkmFüm eRcInmanmuxrbrCaGñkeFVIERsv nigcMkar BYkenH manlT§PaBRKb;RKan;edIm,ITijsMPar³ksikmµ manstVBahn³EdlCakMlaMgGUsTaj nigmanedImTn; sMrab;CYlkMlaMgBlkmµkñúgkargarbgábegáInpl. karensaTeKeRbI]bkrN¾CalkçN³RKYsardUcCa lb mg snÞÚc sMNaj; can;. eRkABIenHRKYsarmYycMnYnmanmuxrbrepSg²eTotdUcCa m:asuInkinRsUv viTüúTak;Tg bitRsa kab;srsr kab;b¤sSI eLIgetñat niglk;;cab;h‘Yy.

kareFVIERsvsSa nigERsbeNþjTwkk¾CamuxrbrsMxan;rbs;RkumRKYsarRkIRkEdr b:uEnþRkumenH mandIERsticCagRkumxagelIehIyRtUvkarCYlmeFüa)aymYycMnYnBIeKdUcCakMlaMgGUsTaj. kñúgkar garensaT eKeRbI]bkrN¾CalkçN³RKYsardUcCa lb mg snÞÚc sMNaj; can; CaedIm eKGacrkRtI )anbnþicbnþÜcsMrab;pÁt;pÁgRKYsar. RkumenHminsUvmanmuxrbrepSt²eTotEdlGacrkcMNUl)aneRkA BIkargarksidæaneTmanRKYsarmYycMnYnEdlsIuQñÜleK caMgsrsr e)acvløi epþA dksÞÚg RcYtkat; pgEdr . RkumRKYsarTIT½lRkBwgEp¥kCasMxan;eTAelIkareFIVERsvsSaedayCYldI b¤Rbv:asdIBIeK BYk Kat;TTYlpl)antictYceRBaHRtUvcMNayelIéføQñÜl. kñúgkarensaTBYkKat;eRbIR)as;]bkrN¾tUc² CalkçN³RKYsardUcCa mg lb snÞÚc sMNaj; can; EdlGaccab;RtI)antictYc. RkumenHPaK eRcInCa GñksIuQñÜldksÞÚg RcUtkat; kab;éRB kab;b¤sSI caMgsrsrCaedIm. eRkABIenHeKGaceTARcUts,Úv ykmkRbk;pÞH nig Rkglk;Edl)ankMérEtbnþicbnþÜc.

karcat;fñak;nigviPaKbBaða kñúgkarciBa©wmCIvit GñkPUmimanCYbbBaðalM)akmYycMnYn. RkumsikSa)ansMrbsMrYl[GñkPUmi

TaMgGs; elIkeLIgnUvbBaðaEdlCYbRbTH ehIyeFVIkarcat;fñak;rkbBaðacMbgedIm,IykmkviPaKrkrws Kl;énbBaða nig rYmKñapþl;CaKMnitrkKnøWHedaHRsaybBaða. Rkum)aneRbIviFIsaRsþeRbobeFobbBaða edIm,Ikarcat;fñak;rkbBaðaEdlcMbgrbs;PUmi.

1- CMgWstV 5- xVHRKUbeRgon 2- CMgWmnusS 6-kgVHkMlaMgGUsTaj 3-xVHes,óg 7-xVHpøÚvlM

36

4-xVHvtþ 8-xSt;RtI taragTI5 kareRbobeFobbBaða CMgWstV CMgWmnusS xVHes,óg xVHvtþ xVHkMlaMg

GUsTaj xVHpøÚvlM xVHRKU

beRgón xSt;RtI

CMgWmnusS CMgWstV CMgWstV CMgWstV CMgWstVV CMgWstV CMgWstV CMgWmnusS CMgWmnusS CMgWmnusS CMgWmnusS CMgWmnusS CMgWmnusS xVHes,óg xVHes,óg xVHes,óg xVHkMlaMg

GUsTaj xVHes,óg

xVHkMlaMg GUsTaj

xVHvtþ xVHRKU beRgón

xVHvtþ

xVHkMlaMg GUsTaj

xVHkMlaMg GUsTaj

xVHkMlaMg GUsTaj

xVHRKU beRgón

xVHpøÚvlM

xVHRKU beRgón

6 7 4 2 5 1 3 0

tamkareRbobeFobbBaðaGñkPUmi)anyl;RBmelIbBaðaEdlCacMbgBIrEdlekItmaneLIgenA kñúgPUmienHman bBaðaTImYyKWCMgWmnusS TIBIrCMgWstV. Tak;TgeTAnwgbBaðasMxan;TaMgBIrenHGgáÁkar CAA EdlkMBugeFVIkarenAkñúgPUmienH)ankMBugeFVIGnþraKmn¾mYycMnYnedIm,Ikat;bnßybBaðaenH dUcenHRkum BiPaSa)ansMercelIkykbBaðaTIbI EdlminTan;manGnþraKmn¾ykmkeFVIkarviPaK. karviPaKbBaðatamrUbPaBedImeQI

kñúgkarviPaKenHeyIgeXIjmanmUlehtusMxan;mYyEdleFVI[GñkPUmimanbBaðaKWCMgWmnusSnigCMgWstV . EpnkarskmµPaBviPaKelICMgWstV ³

GñkPUmiEdlcUlrYmBiPakSa)ansMerccitþeFIVEpnkarskmµPaBviPaKelICMgWstV nig CMgWmnusSeday mankarpþl;eyabl;ÉkPaBTaMgburs nig RsIþ. BYkeKmankaryl;RsbKñafaCadMbUgRtUveRCIs erIsGñkdwknaMsin eTIbGaceFVIkargarenH)an ehIyGñkdwknaMRtUveFVIkarTMnak;TMngCamYyrdæGMNacmUl daænedIm,IeFIVviPaKelICMgWstV.

37

CMhanbnÞab;RtUvTMnak;TMngGgÁkarsßabn½EdlBak;Bnæ½kñúgPUmi GñkenAkñúgPUmirbs;Kat; nig TM nak;TMngshkarCamYyKN³kmµkarGPivDÆn¾PUmi emPUmi nig mnusSsMxan;²kñúgPUmiEdlKat;GacBwg Bak;)an .

R)ak;cMNUlTabcMNayR)ak;eRcIn

edIm,IeFVIERscMkar

cMNayR)ak;sMrab;karP¢Ürras;dI

minGacdwkplitpl ecjBIéRB)an

RkIRk

ecarlYc

Elgecal[edIr suIesµA

stVmanCMgW

stVsøab;KµanluyTij

xVHkMlaMgGUsTaj

38

taragTI 6³ taragEpnkarskmµPaB\NTanRkbI CMhan GñkpþÜcepþIm GñkcUlrYm sMPar³ eBlevla pSBVpSay Bt’mandl; GñkPUmi

KN³kmµkarGPivDÆn¾PUmi eBTüstVPUmi

-GñkGt;eKa RkbI - KN³kmµkarGPivDÆn¾

- Éksar - sMeNIsMu

Ex 12-3¼qñaM

TMnak;TMng

-erobcMRkum -KN³kmµkarGPivDÆn¾PUmi -eBTüstVPUmi

-GñkGt;eKa RkbI -KN³kmµkarGPivDÆn¾PUmi-eBTüstVPUmi

- Éksar - sMeNIsMu

Ex 02 ¼ qñaM

Gnuvtþn¾ -cUlrYmBinitüBI KN³kmµ karGPivDÆn¾PUmi - eBTüstVPUmi

-rYmKñaeFIVlkçnþik³sMrab; GñkeFIV\NTanRkbI

-c,ab;x©I sg - kic©RBmeRBog -kic©snüa

Ex 03 ¼ qñaM

lTæpl - RtYtBinitüBIeBTüstVPUmi - RkumGñkGt;RkbI

-KN³kmµkarGPivDÆn¾PUmi

- TTYl)anRkbI - EfTaM

-TTYl)anRkbI -Gnuvtþn¾ kic©RBmeRBog kic©snüa

Ex 04 ¼ qñaM

39

TMrgnirnþPaBénkar

N

PaBrgeRKaH- eRKaHFmµCati³ TwkCMnn; CMgWstV CMgWmnusS -kar)at;bg;FnFanFmµCati³ éRBeQI éRBlicTwk plRtIkñúgFmµCati stVéRB -kMeNInRbCaCn -tMélksiplTab

sßab½nnigd- PUmi emXMu RKUbe- KN³kmµkarGP- KN³kmµkarGPRsUv/ shKmn_en- eBTüstVPuUmi¬C- Pñak;garsuxaPi)- KN³kmµkarbuN- QµÜjTijdUr Tij- GgÁkareRkArdæaPnigGnþrCati - c,ab;hamkab;é- c,ab;lubLÚt_en- BRgwgkarRKb;RKshKmn_ensaT

S

P F

H

ciBa©wmC

MeNIrkar Rgon ivDÆn_PUmi ivDÆn_CRgsaT nbegaÁl¦al ü ksipl i)al

RBeQI saT geday

40

Ivitrbs;GñkPUmiekaHc,ar

uk

yuuT§saRsþciBa©wmCIvit - ERsvsSa ERsbeNþjTwk nig cMkar - karensaTRtI - ciBa©wmstV eKa RkbI RCUk man; - lk;dUrtictYckñúgPUmi - lk;kMlaMgBlkmµ - karRbmUlGnupléRBeQI dUcCa dgCr½ e)acvløi_epþA kab;b¤sSI kab;eQIeFVIsrsr

lT§plénkarciBa©wmCIvit mansuvtßiPaBes,óg kat;bnßyCMgWstV

begáInR)ak;cMNUltam ry³kaciBa©wmstV

3-karsnñidæan Ep¥kelIBt’manEdlRkumsikSa)aneronsURtBIGñkPUmiekaHc,ar RkumGaceFVIkarsnñidæaneTAelI

erOgr:av nigbBaða mYycMnYnEdlekItmaneLIgkñúgeBlbc©úb,nñ nigeTAGnaKt. - cMnYnRbCaCnecHEtekIneLIgnaM[mantMrUvkarBRgIképÞdIksikmµEdleFVI[)at;bg;FnFanF

mµCati kareFIVensaTkñúgPUmi BYkKat;eKarBtamlkçnþik³shKmn¾ensaTedIm,InirnþPaBén FnFan mcäaCati .

- kareFVIERsvsSamanbBaðalM)ak edaymaneRKaHFmµCatiTwkCMnn; dUcenHBYkKat;eRtom BUCRsUv ERsbeNþajTwk nigeFIVERsvsSaenATIq¶ayEdlminmanTwkCMnn;licdl; RbCaCnPaKeRcInkñúg PUmiBwgEp¥kelIERs-cMkar nig karrukrkpl-GnupléRBeQI cab;stV ensaTRtI .

- RbBnæ½\NTanR)ak;BYkKat;eRcInrt;rkcgkarBIGñksMbUr CaR)ak; b¤ RsUvtamkarRBm eRBog. eday muxrbreFIVERsmanbBaðaeFIVeGayGñkpþl;R)ak;raErk mincg;eGayeTot enAeBlxVHxat .

- RbBn§½ehdæarcnasm<n§½kñúgPUmienAmankMritTabEdleFVI[GñkPUmimankarlM)akkñúgmeFüa)ayeFVI dMeNIr nigdwkCBa¢ÚnplepSg² Edlplit)an ¬Kµan pøÚv Kµans<an ¦ .

- GñkRkIRk nigGñkTIT½lRkkMBugEtRbQmmuxkñúgkarlM)ak xVHes,óg nigCMgWepSg² . - RbCaCnmansamKÁIPaBl¥ ehIyelIkargarRKb;RKgPUmimanmnusSsMxan;² CaeRcInEdl

manvy½ cMNas;² EdlKitKUrBIkarGPivDÆn¾ dUcCa cas;RBwT§acarü KN³kmµkarGPivDÆn¾ KN³kmµkarbuNü RKUbeRgon nig emPUmiEdlRbCaCnmanCMenOTukcitþ.

Gnusasn¾ eyageTAelIkarsnñidæan nigkarrkeXIjenAkñúgPUmi RkumsikSaGaccUlrYmpþl;Ca Gnusasn¾ mYycMnYnedIm,I CaviPaKTankñúgkarGPivDÆn¾PUmidUcxageRkam³-

- KYrEtmanGnþraKmn¾EdlTak;TgeTAnwgvis½ysuxaPi)al - KYrEtmanGnþraKmn¾EdlTak;TgeTAnwgvis½yksikmµ - KYrEtmanGnþraKmn¾EdlCYykúñgkardMeNIrkarbegáItshKmn¾éRBeQI

41

42

- KYrCYyGnþraKmn¾ sµartI sMPar³edIm,IRTRTg; nig BRgwgshKmn¾ensaT k¾dUcCashKmn¾ epSg²Edr .

- KYrmanFnaKar eKa RkbI edIm,ICYydl;karGUsTaj CameFüa)ayplitkmµ rbs;GñkPUmi .