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8 Indangagaciro z’umuco w’u Rwanda

Inzego zitandukanye ndetse n’abantu ku giti cyabo bagiye bakora ubushakashatsi ku ndangagaciro z’umuco nyarwanda, ariko hakomeza kugaragazwa icyifuzo ko habaho inyandiko imwe ikubiyemo ibitekerezo by’ingenzi ku ndangagaciro abantu bahurizaho.

Inteko Nyarwanda y’Ururimi n’Umuco, ishingiye ku nshingano zayo, yasuzumye izo nyandiko, irazihuza kandi yongeramo n’umwihariko wayo, maze yandika igitabo yise “INDANGAGACIRO Z’UMUCO W’U RWANDA”; ikaba inejejwe no kukigeza ku Banyarwanda n’abakunda umuco w’u Rwanda bose.

Iki gitabo ni ikusanyirizo riboneye ry’ibitekerezo ku ndangaciro z’umuco w’u Rwanda bikomoka ku bushakashatsi bunyuranye, ari ubwa kera ari n’ubw’ubu.

Inteko yahise ishaka kumenya bimwe na bimwe mu byakozwe muri ubwo bushakashatsi, byaba ibitabo, cyangwa inyandiko zindi zihariye. Zimwe muri izo nyandiko z’ibanze zifashishijwe ni izi :

“Indangagaciro z’ingenzi mu muco Nyarwanda” yakozwe n’Inteko Izirikana;“Indangagaciro z’Umuco Nyarwanda mu Iterambere” yakozwe n’Itorero ry’Igihugu; “Raporo ku ndangagaciro z’umuco nyarwanda zigomba gutezwa imbere n’imyifatire igayitse ikwiye guhindurwa hagamijwe iterambere rirambye ry’u Rwanda n’Abanyarwanda” yakozwe na Unity Club.“Uburere mboneragihugu kuri demokarasi n’amatora mu Rwanda” yakozwe na Komisiyo y’Amatora.

Indangagaciro na kirazira zatoranijwe ni izishobora gushingirwaho muri iki gihe mu kuboneza uburezi n’uburere mu muryango, bigamije kubaka Umunyarwanda ufi te imbaraga, akura mu muco zo kwiha agaciro no kwihutisha iteramberere ry’Igihugu; Umunyarwanda ushobora guhanga ibikorwa by’umwimerere no guhiganwa imbere mu Gihugu no mu mahanga.

1Indangagaciro z’umuco w’u Rwanda

INTEKO NYARWANDA Y’URURIMI N’UMUCO

REPUBULIKA Y’URWANDA

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PUBUULLLIIIIKKKKKKAAAAAA YYYYYY’’UUUURRWWRR ANDWWPUBULIKA Y’URWR ANDW

Kigali, Gicurasi 2013

INDANGAGACIRO

Z’UMUCO

W’U RWANDA

IMFASHANYIGISHO IBANZA

2 Indangagaciro z’umuco w’u Rwanda 7Indangagaciro z’umuco w’u Rwanda

IJAMBO RY’IBANZE IJAMBO RY’IBANZE

Nyuma y’igihe kirekire Abanyarwanda b’ingeri zose bayifuza, Inteko Nyarwanda y’Ururimi n’Umuco yashyizweho n’Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda ryo ku wa 4 Kamena 2003, nk’uko ryavuguruwe kugeza ubu, mu ngingo yaryo ya 50. Iyi ngingo yunganiwe n’Itegeko No 01/2010 ryo ku wa 29/01/2010 rigena Inshingano, Imiterere n’Imikorere by’Inteko Nyarwanda y’Ururimi n’Umuco.

Aya mategeko yombi yemeza “uburenganzira bw’umwenegihugu ku biteza imbere umuco”1 kandi agaha iyi Nteko inshingano rusange yo “kurengera no guteza imbere ururimi n’umuco”2 by’u Rwanda.Zimwe mu nshingano zihariye zayo nkuko tuzisanga mu ngingo ya 5 y’iri tegeko No 01/2010:

i. kwemeza amahame shingiro y’umuco w’u Rwanda nk’isoko n’inkingi by’amajyambere aramba;

ii. kwemeza indangagaciro z’umuco nyarwanda no kugaragaza uruhare rwazo mu bumenyi rusange;

iii. guharanira ko umuco w’u Rwanda uhorana agaciro ukwiye mu burezi n’uburere by’umuryango nyarwanda muri rusange n’iby’urubyiruko by’umwihariko;

iv. kurengera ubusugire bw’umuco w’u Rwanda mu ruhando rw’imico y’ahandi;”3

Inteko Nyarwanda y’Ururimi n’Umuco yemera ko iterambere ridashingiye ku muco riba rimeze nk’inzu itagira umusingi.

Koko rero, Inama Mpuzamahanga ku Iterambere ry’Umuco yabereye i Mexico mu 1982 yagaragaje ko amajyambere adashingiye ku muco w’igihugu ataramba.

1 Ingingo ya 50 y’Itegeko Nshinga.2 Ingingo ya 5, 10 y’Itegeko No 01/2010 ryo kuwa 29/01/20103 Ingingo ya 5, 130, 140, 150, 160 y’Itegeko No 01/2010 ryo ku wa 29/01/2010


INAMA Z’UMUHANZI SIPIRIYANI RUGAMBA.INAMA Z’UMUHANZI SIPIRIYANI RUGAMBA.

IKIVIIKIVI

“Urumve shami nashibutse,...

Uzase nanjye, urenzeho

Unsumbye,

Ndabigusabye

Usoze ibyanjye kandi uterure ibyawe,

Mwana wanjye

Jya utuganya utwaza”.

NTUMPEHONTUMPEHO

“Umuco mwiza wakureze,

Ntugatume udindira.

Mu by’abandi jya utoranya ibyiza,

ibifutamye ujugunye.

Niba urabukwa iby’ahandi

Ugata n’urwo wambaye,

Ntumpeho”.

UMUCO WACUUMUCO WACU

“Uwanga umuco wamubyaye

Asa n’ishami ryihakana aho ryatoshye.

Umwana mwiza ni umwe uvuga

Ivuko ryiza ryamubyaye,

Agahora arisingiza”.


IBIRIMOIBIRIMO

UMUTWE WA MBERE: IBISOBANUROBY’AMAGAMBO 12UMUTWE WA MBERE: IBISOBANUROBY’AMAGAMBO 12

1.1. UMUCO 121.1. UMUCO 12

1.2. INDANGAGACIRO 141.2. INDANGAGACIRO 14

1.3. IKIZIRA 151.3. IKIZIRA 15

1.4. INDINDAGACIRO 161.4. INDINDAGACIRO 16

UMUTWE WA KABIRI: 17UMUTWE WA KABIRI: 17

INDANGAGACIRO Z’UMUCO W’U RWANDA 17INDANGAGACIRO Z’UMUCO W’U RWANDA 17

2.1. KUBAHA IMANA 172.1. KUBAHA IMANA 17

2.1.1. Uko Abanyarwanda bubaha Imana 2.1.1. Uko Abanyarwanda bubaha Imana 17 17

2.1.2. Indangagaciro zifi tanye isano no “kubaha Imana” 18 2.1.2. Indangagaciro zifi tanye isano no “kubaha Imana” 18

2.2. GUKUNDA IGIHUGU 182.2. GUKUNDA IGIHUGU 18

2.2.1.2.2.1. Uko Abanyarwanda bakunda Igihugu 18Uko Abanyarwanda bakunda Igihugu 18

2.2.2.2.2.2. Indangagaciro zifi tanye isano no “gukunda Igihugu” 19Indangagaciro zifi tanye isano no “gukunda Igihugu” 19

2.2.3. Kirazira gutatira Igihugu 212.2.3. Kirazira gutatira Igihugu 21

2.3. 2.3. KUBAHA UMURYANGO 22KUBAHA UMURYANGO 22

2.3.1. Umuryango 222.3.1. Umuryango 22

2.3.22.3.2. Indangagaciro zifi tanye isano no “kubaha . Indangagaciro zifi tanye isano no “kubaha umuryango”umuryango” 22 22

2.3.3. Kirazira kwangiza umubano mu bantu 232.3.3. Kirazira kwangiza umubano mu bantu 23

2.4 KUBAHA UBUZIMA 242.4 KUBAHA UBUZIMA 24

2.4.1 2.4.1 Uko Abanyarwanda bubaha ubuzima 24Uko Abanyarwanda bubaha ubuzima 24


2.4.2 Indangagaciro zifi tanye isano no “kubaha ubuzima” 252.4.2 Indangagaciro zifi tanye isano no “kubaha ubuzima” 25

2.5. KUGIRA UMUTIMA 262.5. KUGIRA UMUTIMA 26

2.5.1 Kugira umutima ni iki ku munyarwanda? 262.5.1 Kugira umutima ni iki ku munyarwanda? 26

2.5.2 Indangagaciro zifi tanye isano no “kugira umutima” 272.5.2 Indangagaciro zifi tanye isano no “kugira umutima” 27

2.6. KUGIRA UBUPFURA 282.6. KUGIRA UBUPFURA 28

2.6.1. Ubupfura 282.6.1. Ubupfura 28

2.6.2. Indangagaciro zifi tanye isano n’ ubupfura 282.6.2. Indangagaciro zifi tanye isano n’ ubupfura 28

2.7. KUNGA UBUMWE 312.7. KUNGA UBUMWE 31

2.7.1. Uko abanyarwanda bumva ubumwe 312.7.1. Uko abanyarwanda bumva ubumwe 31

2.7.2. Indangagaciro zifi tanye isano no “kunga ubumwe” 322.7.2. Indangagaciro zifi tanye isano no “kunga ubumwe” 32

2.8. GUKUNDA UMURIMO 332.8. GUKUNDA UMURIMO 33

2.8.2.8.1. Uko abanyarwanda baha agaciro umurimo 331. Uko abanyarwanda baha agaciro umurimo 33

2.8.2.8.2.2. Indangagaciro zifi tanye isano no “gukunda umurimo” 34 Indangagaciro zifi tanye isano no “gukunda umurimo” 34

2.8.3. Kirazira kudaha agaciro umurimo 362.8.3. Kirazira kudaha agaciro umurimo 36

2.9. KWAGURA AMAREMBO 2.9. KWAGURA AMAREMBO 36 36

UMUTWE WA GATATU: INGERO N’INGAMBA ZO GUSAKAZA UMUTWE WA GATATU: INGERO N’INGAMBA ZO GUSAKAZA NONO KWIMAKAZA INDANGAGACIRO Z’UMUCO W’U RWANDA KWIMAKAZA INDANGAGACIRO Z’UMUCO W’U RWANDA HAGAMIJWE AMAJYAMBERE ARAMBYEHAGAMIJWE AMAJYAMBERE ARAMBYE 39 39

3.1. INGERO Z’IBYAGEZWEHO 393.1. INGERO Z’IBYAGEZWEHO 39

3.2. INGAMBA ZIKWIYE GUFATWA 40 3.2. INGAMBA ZIKWIYE GUFATWA 40

3.3. 3.3. Abafi te uruhare muri gahunda yo gusakaza no kwimakaza Abafi te uruhare muri gahunda yo gusakaza no kwimakaza indangagaciro z’umuco w’u Rwanda hagamijwe iterambere indangagaciro z’umuco w’u Rwanda hagamijwe iterambere riramba. 43riramba. 43

UMWANZURO 45UMWANZURO 45

IBITABO N’INYANDIKO BYIFASHISHIJWE 46BITABO N’INYANDIKO BYIFASHISHIJWE 46



Imico cyangwa imyitwarire mibi Umunyarwanda wese agomba kuyirinda akanayirinda abandi;

Ikizira Umunyarwanda akigendera kure kugira ngo akomeze kuba umuntu mu bandi, ibyo bigatuma agira ubumuntu, agakunda icyiza, kandi akanga ikibi;

Kwirinda ikizira bituma umuntu yihesha agaciro mu bandi.

1.4. INDINDAGACIRO 1.4. INDINDAGACIRO

Indindagaciro ni umurinzi w’indangagaciro uhoraho uko ibihe bizagenda biha ibindi, zigaragarira cyane cyane mu bizira n’ibiziririzwa mu muco w’u Rwanda.

Indindagaciro zisigasira indangagaciro z’umuco w’u Rwanda , zikadufasha mu myitwarire yacu, mu kugirira akamaro abandi n’Igihugu no kwirengera ubwacu.

Kuzirengaho bitesha agaciro nyirubwite, umuryango n’Igihugu.


Ni byo Perezida wa Repubulika, Nyakubahwa Paul KAGAME, yatwibukije agira ati: “[...]Mu Rwanda hari imbaraga nyinshi tutarashobora gukoresha uko bikwiye ngo tuzibyaze umusaruro ugaragara. Hari imbaraga twavana mu muco wacu, uduhuza, ukatugira umwe, ukaduha byinshi dusangiye. Uyu muco kandi uba ukwiye kutuyobora, ukatwereka uko dukwiye kwifata n’uko dukwiye guhangana n’ibibazo biriho n’ibizaza.”4

Tuboneyeho gushishikariza buri Munyarwanda, aho ari hose, kwihatira kurangwa n’izi ndangagaciro kuko ari zo shingiro n’inkingi by’iterambere ry’Igihugu cyacu.

Intiti NIYOMUGABO Cyprien Intiti NIYOMUGABO Cyprien

Intebe y’ Inteko Nyarwanda y’Ururimi n’Umuco.Intebe y’ Inteko Nyarwanda y’Ururimi n’Umuco.

4 Ijambo risoza Inama y’Umushyikirano yo kuwa 28 Ukuboza 2007.


INTANGIRIRO INTANGIRIRO

AMAVU N’AMAVUKO Y’IKI GITABOAMAVU N’AMAVUKO Y’IKI GITABO

Iki gitabo cyanditswe mu gihe u Rwanda rwibaza ku birebana n’umuco w’umuryango nyarwanda kandi rukaba rwifuza kuwushingiraho iterambere; kuko byagaragaye ko iterimbere ryose ry’Igihugu rishingiye ku muco riramba. Kandi birazwi neza ko iterambere iyo ryihuta rigasiga umuco risenyuka vuba.

Hashize igihe kirekire Abanyarwanda bagerageza gukemura ibibazo bijyanye n’iterambere kandi bikaba bigira ingaruka ku muco cyane cyane ku rubyiruko.

Mu burezi, imfashanyigisho zigamije guteza imbere umuco ntizihagije. Umwana ashobora kwiga amashuri abanza, ayisumbuye, akarinda arangiza kaminuza adasobanukiwe neza umuco umuranga nk’Umunyarwanda.

Iki gitabo cyanditswe kandi mu gihe u Rwanda rwafashe gahunda ihamye yo kureba ibyaba byaribagiranye mu muco bishobora kugirira umumaro bene byo, ariko bikaba byitwa ibya kera.

Hari kandi ubushake bwo gufasha Umunyarwanda kugira uruhare mu bikorwa ndangamuco bigamije guteza imbere Igihugu n’ umwenegihugu:

- Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda ryo kuwa 4 Kamena 2003, nk’uko ryavuguruwe kugeza ubu, mu ngingo yaryo ya 50 rishyiraho Inteko Nyarwanda y’Ururimi n’Umuco ishinzwe kurengera no guteza imbere ururimi n’umuco by’u Rwanda.

- Ingingo ya 186 y’iryo Tegeko ishyiraho Urwego rushinzwe Intwari z’Igihugu, Imidari n’Impeta by’ishimwe rugamije kwimakaza umuco w’ubutwari mu muryango nyarwanda.

Koko rero, umuco w’u Rwanda ugomba gutezwa imbere, indangagaciro na kirazira byawo bikamenyekana, bikigishwa Abanyarwanda bose,


buri muryango, bitewe n’imibereho wihariye cyangwa amateka yawo hamwe n’inyungu zawo bwite, ugira indangagaciro z’umwihariko wawo.”8

Muri Komisiyo y’Igihugu Ishinzwe Kurwanya Jenoside (CNLG), basobanuye indangagaciro bagira bati: “Indangagaciro z’umuco nyarwanda zari imigenzo myiza y’imbonezabupfura Abanyarwanda bose bari bahuriyeho kandi bagombaga kubahiriza kugira ngo babashe kubahana, kubana neza, gusobeka ubumwe, kubana mu mahoro no kugira ishema, ishyaka, icyubahiro n’igitinyiro”.

Kugira ngo Abanyarwanda bagire Indangagaciro basangiye kandi banagire uburyo bunoze bwo kuzitoza abato, bari barashyizeho irerero (Itorero) ribatoza hanashyirwaho umurongo wo kurinda izo Ndangagaciro.

Itorero ryari irerero abakurambere b’Abanyarwanda bihangiye bashingiye ku mibereho, imibanire n’imitekerereze gakondo no ku biranga umuco w’igihugu cy’u Rwanda, bagamije gutoza Abanyarwanda imyumvire, imyifatire n’imyitwarire iboneye ndetse n’imigenzo myiza byimakaza ubumwe, ubwangamugayo, amahoro, ituze n’umutekano mu muryango mugari w’Abanyarwanda.

Dusoze tuvuga ko:Dusoze tuvuga ko:

Indangagaciro ari ibimenyetso- ngiro, ni imyifatire myiza igaragaza cyangwa se iranga abantu batuye Igihugu iki n’iki;

Indangagaciro ari ibikorwa ndangamuco abanyagihugu bemera, bogeza kandi bifuza ko byahora bibaranga, bikanabitirirwa uko ibihe biha ibindi;

Indangaciro ari amahame y’uburere atozwa abana b’umuryango runaka.

1.3. IKIZIRA 1.3. IKIZIRA Mu Bumenyamuntu, ikizira ni « Umuntu, inyamaswa, ikintu kitemerewe ko bagikoraho kuko kiba gifi te, mu gihe runaka, ububasha buturutse ku Mana babona ko bwakora ku muntu cyangwa bwamuhumanya. »

M u RwandaM u Rwanda::

8 Mukamurenzi,B.,Education aux valeurs éthiques et culturelles dans le renforcement de l’identité rwandaise: cas de la valeur d’ubupfura, Huye décembre 2008, p.21


maze bazigire izabo bityo biborohere kuzigeraho kandi zirambe, ni ngombwa ko gahunda zose z’amajyambere zishingira ku muco w’u Rwanda. Byagaragaye ko gahunda zishingiye ku muco zirushaho kwihuta no kuramba; Umuco ugomba kuba imwe mu nzira z’ubukungu; ugakiza umuhanzi

kandi ukongera umutungo w’Igihugu biciye mu bukerarugendo n’inganda ndangamuco.

Ingero z’umuvuduko w’íterambere rishingiye ku muco:- Ibihugu by’Aziya y’amajyepfo ashyira iburasirazuba: Maleziya, Singapuru .- U Rwanda : imihigo mu Turere n’Inkiko Gacaca.

1.2. INDANGAGACIRO 1.2. INDANGAGACIRO

Mu by’ukuri, ntibyoroshye gutandukanya Umuco n’Indangagaciro ziwugize, kuko ahanini umuco w’abantu ugaragarira mu ndangagaciro ziwuranga.

Ariko byabaye ngombwa ko dutanga ibisobanuro by’aya magambo yombi y’ingenzi akubiye muri iki gitabo kugira ngo abasomyi barusheho kuyasobanukirwa.

Duhereye ku Inkoranya ya Filozofi ya, “Indangagaciro ni ikintu umuntu abona ko gikwiye gushimwa kandi giha ubuzima bwe umurongo uboneye , ni igitekerezo kiba nk’itegeko mu mibanire y’abantu, kigaha imyitwarire y’abantu amategeko ngenderwaho mu muryango.”7

Mukamurenzi B. we avuga ko:

“Iyo bavuze indangagaciro, twumva igikorwa cyose cy’imibereho y’abantu cyangwa cy’umuco kinogeye ubwenge, kamere muntu kandi gitanga igisubizo cy’ukuri ku bibazo bya benshi mu bagize umuryango w’abantu.

Indangagaciro zijyana n’ibihe kandi zituma umuntu abaho mu mutuzo muri we no mu mibano ye n’abandi.

Nubwo aho habaho indangagaciro rusange imiryango yose isangiye,

7 Dictionnaire de Philosophie, Lalande, 2005 p.324


cyane cyane urubyiruko. Ni muri urwo rwego, Inteko Nyarwanda y’Ururimi n’umuco yanditse igitabo cyitwa “Indangagaciro z’umuco w’u Rwanda. Imfashanyigisho ibanza”

INTEGO Z’IGITABOINTEGO Z’IGITABO

Inteko yifuza ko iki gitabo cyaba igisubizo kuri buri munyarwanda n’undi wese wifuzaga kubona imfashanyigisho ku muco w’u Rwanda.

Iki gitabo kirasesengura umuco w’u Rwanda cyerekana imyumvire, imitekerereze, imikorere n’imibanire by’Umuryango w’Abanyarwanda byaje guhinduka indangagaciro na kirazira bibaranga, nk’uko byagiye bihinduka mu mateka y’Igihugu.

IMITERERE Y’IGITABOIMITERERE Y’IGITABO

Iki gitabo kigizwe n’ibice bitatu bitandukanye ariko byuzuzanya byose bigamije gusesengura indangagaciro na kirazira dusanga mu muco w’Abanyarwanda.

Umutwe wa mbere: Ibisobanuro by’amagambo y’ingenzi Umutwe wa mbere: Ibisobanuro by’amagambo y’ingenzi

Uyu mutwe wa mbere ukubiyemo ibisobanuro by’amagambo y’ingenzi yakoreshejwe muri iki gitabo. Hasobanuwe ijambo umuco, indangagaciro na kirazira.

Umutwe wa kabiri: Indangagaciro z’Umuco w’u RwandaUmutwe wa kabiri: Indangagaciro z’Umuco w’u Rwanda

Uyu mutwe ufi te umwihariko wo gusesengura indangagaciro remezo n’izindi ndangagaciro zifi tanye isano nazo Abanyarwanda bahuriyeho, bibonamo yewe zikabaha akarangamuntu kihariye ari nazo twibandaho kuko arizo musemburo n’imbaraga zubaka Umunyarwanda ufi te agaciro, zigahesha ishema Igihugu.

Uyu mutwe uragenda ugaruka kandi ku ndindagaciro zirengera umuco, ziwurinda ibyuririzi by’ingeso mbi.

Umutwe wa gatatu: Ingamba zafatwaUyu mutwe urerekana ingamba z’ingenzi zikwiye gufatwa kugira ngo gahunda yo gusakaza no kwimakaza indangagaciro z’umuco w’u Rwanda irusheho kwihuta.


UMUTWE WA MBERE: IBISOBANURO BY’AMAGAMBO UMUTWE WA MBERE: IBISOBANURO BY’AMAGAMBO

1.1. UMUCO 1.1. UMUCO

Bimaze kugaragara ko gusobanura umuco bitoroshye; abashakashatsi bagiye batanga ibisobanuro by’umuco binyuranye kandi byuzuzanya. Dufatemo bike:

Kamanzi Thomas yasobanuye ko ijambo umuco rituruka ku nshinga “guca” nk’uko bavuga bati: “uyu mwana afi te ingeso nziza aca kuri se”; ngo “iriya nka ica gukamwa kuri nyirakuru”. Ibi bikaba byasobanura ko umuco ari ibyo dukomora ku bandi cyangwa dusangiye nabo.5

UNESCO ivuga ko umuco ari uruhurirane rw’uburyo n’ubushobozi abantu bubaka amateka y’imibereho n’imibanire byabo bahereye ku bumenyi bakomora ku basekuru n’abasekuruza babo. Ubwo bumenyi bugaragarira mu bimenyetso by’ubugeni, ubuhanzi, ururimi n’amarenga bakoresha mu kuganira no guhererekanya amakuru cyangwa gutumanaho. Ibyo byose bikababera nk’igicumbi shingiro cy’imihango n’imigenzo bemeranywaho, ibafasha kubaho no kwitwara neza ndetse no gukora ibikwiye mu muryango wabo. 6

Twongereho ko umuco ari wo shingiro remezo ry’ubumwe bw’abenegihugu kuko bawusangiye, ukabaranga.Umuco ni ishingiro ry’ituze mu muryango w’abantu kuko uhuza abenegihugu mu mikorere, mu mihango, mu migenzo no mu bihangano byabo. Umuco niwo uyobora abawusangiye mu ruhando rw’amahanga, bigatuma abenegihugu bagira uko bateye n’imyifatire ibatandukanya n’abandi.

Umuco w’umuntu ntuvukanwa, utandukanye na kamere muntu kuko ari imyitwarire, imitekerereze, ubumenyi, imyemerere umuntu agenda ahererekanya n’abandi bitewe n’ahantu batuye, amateka yabo n’ibibakikije. Umuco twawita indangagihugu akaba ariyo mpamvu bavuga ngo: “Agahugu umuco, akandi umuco”.

5 Byavuzwe n’Inteko izirikana mu gitabo” Indangagaciro z’ingenzi mu Muco Nyarwanda”, Agatabo ka mbere, Nzeli 2008, p.9.6 Unesco, Déclaration de Mexico sur les Politiques Culturelles, Mexico City ,26 Juillet- 6 Août 1982.


Uko ibihe bisimburana mu mateka y’umuryango w’abantu, umuco wiyubaka mu buryo butatu:- Umurage: ni ibyo abasekuru badusigiye kandi tugenderaho: ibyivugo, ibisigo, amazina y’inka, ubudehe, gusaba no gukwa, gushyingira no gutwikurura umugeni, guhemba umubyeyi, gusohora no kwita umwana izina, iyobokamana, imitekerereze, imikorere, imyitwarire n’ibindi;

- Ibitirano ni ibyo tuvana mu mico y’ibindi bihugu ariko bifi tiye Abanyarwanda akamaro: Nk’amagambo ava mu ndimi z’amahanga: demokarasi, depite,

minisitiri, ishuri; Nk’ibikorwa twiganye: gutora abayobozi, n’iy’abacamanza; Nk’iyobokamana rishya rishingiye ku madini: abagatolika,

abaporotesitanti, abadive, abayisilamu, imirimo y’abapadiri, abapasitori, ya bamufuti; Nk’imikorere mishya: kuzirika umugozi mu mutwe uhetse ikivomesho,

imirimo y’umuvunyi n’ibindi.

- Ibihangano ni ibyo abantu bahanga bigamije gusubiza ibibazo barimo: Bishobora gushingira ku murage nk’ibikorwa cyangwa imirimo

itandukanye: inkiko gacaca, imihigo, umuganda, ingando, ubudehe; Cyangwa bigashingira ku bitirano bivanze n’umurage: nko mu

rwego rwa muzika, ikinamico, umutekano mu baturanyi; Ndetse hakaba n’ubwo ari igihangano cy’umwimerere: Abunzi.

Iyo witegereje ibi byose, usanga umuco ufi te inshingano ebyiri z’ingenzi mu iterambere ry’Igihugu: Kugira ngo Abanyarwanda bumve intera zitandukanye z’iterambere


buryo ubwo ari bwo bwose. Kirazira kubavutsa ubuzima, kutabitaho mu gihe babikeneye, bari mu zabukuru, barwaye cyangwa bafi te izindi ngorane.

Mu rwego rw’umubano w’abantu n’abandi, kirazira kubeshya no kubeshyera, guhemuka, kurenganya no kwambura, kugambana, kwirata no gusuzugura. Kirazira kandi kuvugaguzwa, kuvuga impuha, gutera urubwa, kubeshyerana, kwirata no gusuzugura, kutoroherana, kudatabarana, kugambana, no guhemuka, n’ibindi.

Kirazira gusenya umubano n’abandi ukurura amacakubiri ashingiye ku myemerere, ku gitsina, ku moko, ku karere, ku ibara ry’uruhu, ku mutungo n’ibindi.

2.4 KUBAHA UBUZIMA

2.4.1 Uko Abanyarwanda bubaha ubuzimaUko Abanyarwanda bubaha ubuzima

Mu muco w’u Rwanda kugira ubuzima ni indangagaciro mpuzabantu kuko ubwo buzima umuntu abwifuriza abandi; akabuhabwa n’abandi nawe akabuha abandi.

Kugira ubuzima bisobanura kugubwa neza, kuramba no kurama; ubuzima burangwa no kugira impagarike n’ubugingo. Abanyarwanda mu mibanire yabo ya buri munsi baba bifurizanya ubuzima bwiza:

a) a) KuramukanyaKuramukanya

Waramutse/waramutseho, waraye, wiriwe/wiriweho, uraho, urakoma, urakomeye;

b) b) Gusezera Gusezera

Wirirwe/wirirweho, uririrwe/uririrweho, uramuke/uramukeho, uramuke neza, uramuke amahoro; urare aharyana, ahataryana harare umwanzi; urote Imana; ubeho, ubeho neza, urabeho, ugende amahoro, Imana ikurinde, Imana ikuragire; ugire impagarike;


UMUTWE WA KABIRI: UMUTWE WA KABIRI: INDANGAGACIRO Z’UMUCO W’U RWANDA INDANGAGACIRO Z’UMUCO W’U RWANDA

Nk’uko byavuzwe haruguru, uyu mutwe ufi te umwihariko wo gusesengura indangagaciro Abanyarwanda bahuriyeho kandi bibonamo. Ni zo zibatandukanya n’abanyamahanga zikagira uruhare mu iterambere ry’Igihugu. Izo ndangagaciro remezo zigaragarira mu myemerere, mu myumvire, mu migenzereze, mu mivugire no mu mibanire by’Abanyarwanda.

Izo ndangagaciro zirimo ibyiciro bibiri: indangagaciro remezo ari zo ndangagaciro z’ingenzi n’izindi ndangagaciro zizishamikiyeho.

2.1. KUBAHA IMANA 2.1. KUBAHA IMANA 2.1.1. Uko Abanyarwanda bubaha Imana2.1.1. Uko Abanyarwanda bubaha Imana

Abanyarwanda bubaha Imana mu buryo budashidikanywa, ndetse bakayita Imana y’i Rwanda. Babigaragariza mu buzima bwabo bwa buri munsi: mu mazina bayita, mu migani baca, mu mazina bita abana babo no mu burere bwabo.

a) Abanyarwanda bazi ko Imana itagira intangiriro ntigire n’iherezo: ”Shyerezo, Iyakare, Iyambere, Maniraho”;

b) Abanyarwanda bazi ko Imana ari yo yahanze byose: “Rugira, Rurema, Habarurema, Habarugira”;

c) Abanyarwanda bazi ko Imana ari yo itanga byose: ”Itangishaka”, “Ntigura”; “Ntigurirwa”, “Imana iraguha ntimugura, iyo muguze iraguhenda”;

d) Abanyarwanda bazi ko Imana izi byose kandi itabeshya: “Bizimana, Niyibizi, Ntihinyurwa”; “Imana ntifatana ku maso, irahamya”;

e) Abanyarwanda bazi ko Imana iragira byose kandi irusha byose imbaraga: “Agati gateretswe n’Imana ntigahungabanywa n’umuyaga”, “Imana imena impigi”, “Niyitunga”,


“Niragire”,”Ndagijimana”;f) Abanyarwanda bazi ko Imana itera inkunga ibikorwa by’abantu:

“Imana ifasha uwifashishe”, “Abagiye inama, Imana irabasanga”, “Niyitanga”, “Manirafasha”;

g) Abanyarwanda babuza uwo Imana yafashije kuba yakwishyira hejuru: “Uwo Imana ihaye irobe, agira ngo arusha abandi guhinga”, “Ukwerewe n’Imana, agira ngo yakwerewe na se”, “Mukeshimana”.

2.1.2. Indangagaciro zifi tanye isano no “kubaha Imana” 2.1.2. Indangagaciro zifi tanye isano no “kubaha Imana”

a) a) AmahoroAmahoro

Abanyarwanda bazi ko Imana ari yo itanga amahoro (amahoro mu mutima kuri buri muntu n’amahoro yo mu muryango muto, mugari n’ay’igihugu).

b) b) Umugisha n’ihirweUmugisha n’ihirwe Abanyarwanda bemera ko umugisha n’ihirwe biva ku Mana. Ibi kandi ni nabyo bifurizanya bakanabisaba Imana.

c) c) UbumuntuUbumuntu

Abanyarwanda bemera ko umuntu ari ikiremwa cy’Imana, ko imushyiramo ubumuntu bigatuma yubaha abandi bantu hamwe n’ubuzima bwabo.

2.2. GUKUNDA IGIHUGU2.2. GUKUNDA IGIHUGU

2.2.1.2.2.1. Uko Abanyarwanda bakunda IgihuguUko Abanyarwanda bakunda Igihugu

Abanyarwanda baha agaciro Igihugu kandi bagashishikarira kugikunda ari nabyo bibafasha kugikorera no kukitangira.

Ibyo bigaragazwa n’amateka y’Igihugu, ubuvanganzo n’imikorere yabo ya buri munsi.

Gukunda Igihugu kugera n’aho uhara amagara yawe ukirwanira mu kukirengera ni imwe mu ndangaciro z’ingenzi zaranze Abanyarwanda kuva kera.


c) c) Kubahana Kubahana

Mu muryango, umugabo n’umugore bafi te inshingano yo kubahana, ibyo bigatuma barushaho kumvikana. Ubwubahane ni ukwemera ko abagize umuryango bashobora kugira ibitekerezo bitandukanye ariko babihuza bikaba imbarutso y’iterambere. Abana ni ejo hazaza h’Igihugu, bagomba gukura batozwa kubaha ababyeyi, abakuru muri rusange, kwiyubaha bo ubwabo, kubaha abo baruta n’abo bangana.

d) d) Kugira ubwuzu n’urugwiroKugira ubwuzu n’urugwiro

Abagize umuryango bakwiye kurangwa n’ubwuzu n’urugwiro mu buzima bwabo bwa buri munsi. Bakwiye kwakira neza no kugoboka ababagana bose kuko urugo ari urugendwa. Urukundo rw’abashakanye ntirukwiye gusaza.

2.3.3. Kirazira kwangiza umubano mu bantu

Umubano mu bantu uhera ku muntu ku giti cye. Nyamara umuntu si nyamwigendaho, abantu ni magirirane. Kugira ngo umuntu abeho, ni ngombwa kubana n’abandi kandi akitwararika ibyahungabanya umutekano we n’uw’abandi. Bityo, kirazira kwangiza ubuzima bwawe n’ubw’abandi harimo no kwihekura.

Kirazira kandi kudashishoza, kwiyandarika, kwitesha agaciro, kutiyubaha mu myambarire, mu mivugire, mu mirire no mu minywere no kwisuzugura.Nanone umuntu ku giti cye agomba kwirinda kugira inda nini, umururumba, kuba igisambo, no kwikubira.

Ku babyeyi, kirazira:

Kutita ku bo wabyaye utabaha ibyibanze bikenewe: ibibatunga, imyambaro, ishuri, umunani n’ibindi bya ngombwa.Kirazira kubarenganya no kubahohotera mu buryo ubwo ari bwo bwose. Kirazira kwihekura no gushora abo wabyaye mu ngeso mbi n’imigambi mibisha:” Uwiba ahetse aba yigisha uwo mu mugongo”

Ku bana, kirazira:

Kutubaha ababyeyi, gushira isoni, kububahuka no kubahohotera mu


2.3. 2.3. KUBAHA UMURYANGO 2.3.1. Umuryango2.3.1. Umuryango

Umuryango ni ipfundo fatizo ry’ubumwe n’ubuzima bw’abawugize, ni ishingiro ry’umuryango rusange w’abantu ukaba n’igicumbi gitorezwamo umuntu kuba umuntu nyamuntu no kugira ubumuntu, kikigirwamo kubana n’abandi. Umuryango ni isangano ry’abawugize: abakurambere, abakambwe, ababyeyi, abana , abuzukuru n’abuzukuruza.

Umuryango ni urubuga rw’ibiganiro by’abasangiye byose: ibibi n’ibyiza, ibyishimo n’amakuba.

Umuryango ni ishuri ryigirwamo ubwenegihugu kuko ababyeyi aribo batuma abana bamenya neza igihugu cyabo kandi bakagikunda.

Umuryango mwiza uba urangwa n’ingeso nziza zisangiwe n’abawugize: gukundana, kubahana, kwihanganirana, guhana imbabazi, kujya inama, kugira ibanga, kwizerana, gushimana n’ibindi..

Umuryango urangwa kandi n’urukundo, niho abana barererwa ubwuzuzanye bw’abawugize bashyize hamwe ibyo bahuriyeho n’ibyo batandukaniyeho.

Iyo umuryango utuje kandi ushinze imizi bituma abawugize batera imbere muri byose: mu kubana kw’abashakanye, mu guhuza kw’abana n’ababyeyi no hagati y’abana ubwabo.

2.3.22.3.2. Indangagaciro zifi tanye isano no “kubaha . Indangagaciro zifi tanye isano no “kubaha umuryango”umuryango”

a) a) Kugira ubumwe, ubufatanye n’ubusabane Kugira ubumwe, ubufatanye n’ubusabane

Iyo abagize umuryango bafi te ubumwe kandi bakubahana, bagira ubufatanye bakanasabana; umugore, umugabo n’abana bafatanya kwita ku rugo rwabo ngo rugwize ibirutunga no kurwubaka rugakomera.

b) b) Kwizerana no kujya inamaKwizerana no kujya inama

Abagize umuryango bakwiye kugirirana icyizere, buri wese agatega amatwi mugenzi we, bakungurana ibitekerezo maze ibyo bemeje bikaborohera kubishyira mu bikorwa.


Gukunda Igihugu ni ugukunda benecyo , abagituye n’ibikigize byose nk’ubutaka, ururimi, amateka n’umuco.

Abanyarwanda bahurira ku mutimanama utuma bakunda igihugu cyabo kuko bumva bafi te inyungu zimwe, umurage umwe, basangiye ibihe barimo bakanagira icyerekezo cy’ahazaza kimwe.

Kuva kera, Abanyarwanda bashima ingirakamaro n’abaharanira ubusugire bw’Igihugu, haba ku rugamba rw’umuheto, haba mu butegetsi, ndetse no mu bukungu, ubutabera n’imibereho myiza.

2.2.2.2.2.2. Indangagaciro zifi tanye isano no “gukunda Igihugu”Indangagaciro zifi tanye isano no “gukunda Igihugu”

Mu ndangagaciro zishamikiye ku gukunda Igihugu, harimo kugira ubwitange, kugira ubutwari, kugira uruhare mu bikorwa by’Igihugu, kwirinda amacakubiri, gucunga neza ibya rubanda, kubungabunga umutekano no kugira ishyaka.

a) a) Kugira ubwitangeKugira ubwitange

Umunyarwanda ukunda Igihugu arakitangira. Mu Rwanda rwa kera, hari abatasi n’abatabazi bajyaga ku rugamba bazi neza ko bashobora kugwayo, hari n’abacengeri bemeraga kuba ibitambo, bakamenera amaraso yabo ishyanga ku nyungu z’Igihugu.

Ubwitange bugomba kugaragarira mu bikorwa bigamije guteza imbere Igihugu. Uwitanze ntagomba kwiyitirira ibyo yakoze, ahubwo inyungu zivuyemo azisangira n’abandi Banyarwanda.

b) b) Kugira ishyaka n’ubutwariKugira ishyaka n’ubutwari99

Ubutwari bujyana n’ishyaka ryo gukurikirana ibyo umuntu yiyemeje kugeraho bikavamo igikorwa cy’ikirenga gifi tiye abandi akamaro, akabikora mu bupfura, mu kwihangana no mu bwitange buhebuje kandi akirinda ubugwari mu migirire ye, ntagamburuzwe n’amananiza.

Ushyirwa mu rwego rw’intwari ni uwaranzwe n’indangagaciro zikurikira:

9 Ibiri muri iyi ngingo byavuye mu gatabo “Intwari z’u Rwanda” kanditswe na Minisiteri y’Urubyiruko, Umuco na Siporo, Kigali, 2004, p. 11


1° kugira umutima ukomeye kandi ukeye: kugira umutima udatinya, gushyigikira icyiza, kugaragaza ikibi no guhangara kukirwanya kandi uzi neza ingaruka;

2° gukunda Igihugu: gushyira imbere no guharanira ubusugire, iterambere, ishema by’Igihugu n’ubumwe bw’abagituye;

3° kwitanga: kwigomwa inyungu zawe bwite, guharanira inyungu rusange byaba ngombwa ugahara ubuzima;

4° kugira ubushishozi: kureba kure no kumenya ukuri kutagaragarira buri wese;

5° kugira ubwamamare mu butwari: kurangwa n’ibikorwa by’ubutwari bizwi kandi bishimwa na benshi;

6° kuba intangarugero: kurangwa n’ibikorwa bihebuje, bibera abandi urugero rwiza;

7° kuba umunyakuri: kurangwa n’ukuri kandi ukaguharanira ntutinye no kuba wakuzira;

8° kugira ubupfura: umuco ugaragarira mu matwara meza, imibereho, imyifatire n’imibanire n’abandi;

9° kugira ubumuntu: kurangwa n’umutima ukunda abantu ku buryo buhebuje aho kubarutisha ibintu.

Indangagaciro remezo z’ubutwari ni izi uko ari eshatu:Indangagaciro remezo z’ubutwari ni izi uko ari eshatu:

Ubwitange buhebuje;

Akamaro gahebuje, akamaro gahanitse n’akamaro gakomeye;

Urugero ruhebuje n’urugero ruhanitse.

c) c) Kugira uruhare mu bikorwa by’IgihuguKugira uruhare mu bikorwa by’Igihugu

Kubera ko umuturage ari we byose bikorerwa, imiyoborere igomba kumushingiraho. Ni ngombwa ko abaturage bose bagira uruhare mu bikorwa by’Igihugu: mu gukora igenamigambi, mu ishyirwamubikorwa,


mu ikurikiranabikorwa no mu isuzumabikorwa ryabyo; bagatora abayobozi kandi na bo bagatorerwa kujya mu nzego z’ubuyobozi n’izifata ibyemezo.

d) d) Kwirinda amacakubiri n’ivangura Kwirinda amacakubiri n’ivangura Umunyarwanda nyawe yirinda, akumira, akanarwanya amacakubiri n’ivangura aho bivava bikagera: byaba bishingiye ku moko, ku gitsina, ku madini, ku turere, ku kimenyane, ku cyenewabo, ku bumuga cyangwa uburwayi no ku nzego z’imibereho n’ubukungu.

e) e) Gucunga neza ibya rubandaGucunga neza ibya rubanda

Umunyarwanda ukunda igihugu amenya gutandukanya ibye bwite n’ibyo acungiye rubanda. Ushinzwe gucunga ibya rubanda arabyubaha akanagira inshingano zo kubiteza imbere.

f) f) Kubungabunga umutekanoKubungabunga umutekano

Umunyarwanda uboneye amenya ko ashinzwe umutekano w’abantu n’ibintu muri rusange. Umutekano we bwite awukesha umutekano rusange wabungabunzwe na bose.

2.2.3. Kirazira gutatira Igihugu2.2.3. Kirazira gutatira Igihugu Igihugu ni ingobyi iduhetse kirazira kugitatira; ukigambanira, ugisebya, umena ibanga ryacyo.

Byongeye kandi, Igihugu kigendera ku mategeko, kirazira kwishyira hejuru yayo, kurenganya abandi no gutegekesha igitugu, kwica nkana amategeko n’amasezerano.

Igihugu nanone kigomba kuyoborwa neza kikaba kizira kuvangura, kubogama, kwaka, kurya no gutanga ruswa, gutonesha, gukoresha icyenewabo, kutavugisha ukuri no guhisha rubanda ibyo bagomba kumenya.

Tugomba kwirinda gusamira hejuru imico y’ahandi yangiza umuco wacu.


- Kumva ko abandi bagira uruhare mu kwigira kwawe: nta mukungu wikunga, akungwa na rubanda.

b) b) Ibiranga ubumwe mu muryango, mu baturanyi, mu itorero, ku Ibiranga ubumwe mu muryango, mu baturanyi, mu itorero, ku rugerero, murugerero, mu kazi kazi

Ibi bigaragarira mu migani nk’iyi:

- Uguhiga ubutwari, muratabarana;- Ukubeshye ubumwe, muraturana;- Incuti idahemuka ingana amagara;- Akebo kajya iwamugarura, n’ibindi.

c) c) Ibimenyetso bishimangira ubumweIbimenyetso bishimangira ubumwe

Guhana inka, kugabirana, kuremera, kohererezanya intashyo, guhana impano, kugemurirana, guhana umusanzu cyangwa umuganda.

2.7.2. Indangagaciro zifi tanye isano no “kunga ubumwe”2.7.2. Indangagaciro zifi tanye isano no “kunga ubumwe”

Indangagaciro zifi tanye isano no kunga ubumwe ni nyinshi ariko hari zimwe twatangaho ingero:

a) a) GutabaranaGutabarana

Abunze ubumwe baragobokana mu bibazo no mu byago; gutabara uwapfushije, uwagwiriwe n’ibiza cyangwa uwarwaye. Gutabarana birimo no kwita ku batishoboye n’abanyantege nke batagira kivurira.

b) b) GufatanyaGufatanya

Iyo abantu bafi te ubumwe bafatanya muri byose. Ubufatanye butuviramo imbaraga zo gukorera hamwe: Abanyarwanda bagomba gufatanya, bakisungana muri byose, haba mu buvuzi, mu bukungu, bakazamurana, bityo bakumva ko « abantu ari magirirane ». Ubufatanye bubyara ubuvandimwe.


c) c) Kwifurizanya kubaho neza no kurambaKwifurizanya kubaho neza no kuramba

Urakabaho, karame, urakarama, urakaramba, gira ubugingo, gira amahoro, ugire amahoro, ugende amahoro; “Karame mu nka urambe mu ngabo”.

d) d) Kwifurizanya kugira umuryango no gutungaKwifurizanya kugira umuryango no gutunga

Gira so, gira umugabo, gira umugore, gira abana, gira iwanyu, gira aho uvuka, urakabyara, urakabyara hungu na kobwa, urakabyara uhinguye, gira inka, gira inka n’abana, urakabyara ubyaje inka, gira umugisha, urakagwira, utunge kandi utunganirwe, gira ishya n’ihirwe;

Ariko kandi ukubaho ni ukubana; ukagira aho uvuka n’abo ubyara, ndetse n’ibyo utunze. Uko kubana gusaba kubana mu mahoro; ukagira amahoro yawe uha abandi na bo bakayaguha cyangwa bakagufasha kuyagira; ukagira amahoro muri wowe, ntugire umuze kandi ntuhagarike umutima.

2.4.2 Indangagaciro zifi tanye isano no “kubaha ubuzima”

Mu ndangagaciro zishamikiye ku kubaha ubuzima hakubiyemo kubaha uburenganzira bwa muntu, kwirinda ihohotera iryo ari ryo ryose, kwiyitaho, kubaha igihango.

a) a) Kubaha uburenganzira bwa muntuKubaha uburenganzira bwa muntu

Uburenganzira bwa muntu bwa mbere ni ukubaho kuko agaciro ka muntu ari ntagereranywa kandi amagara akaba aseseka ntayorwe. Bityo, Umuturarwanda yubaha ubuzima bwa mugenzi we nk’uko yifuza ko abandi bubaha ubwe.

b) b) Kwirinda ihohotera iryo ari ryo ryoseKwirinda ihohotera iryo ari ryo ryose Umunyarwanda wese agomba kwirinda no kurwanya guhohotera mugenzi we nko gufata abakobwa n’abagore ku ngufu, kwangiza abana no kubakoresha imirimo ivunanye, gukoresha imvugo isesereza, gusebanya n’ibindi.


c) c) KwiyitahoKwiyitaho

Buri wese akwiye kubungabunga ubuzima bwe bw’umubiri nko kurya neza (amagara aramirwa ntamerwa), kugira isuku (isuku ni isoko y’ubuzima), kuba heza, kwirinda indwara no kwivuriza igihe. Agomba kandi guharanira uburenganzira bwe bwo kubaho no kwitunga. Ni umuziro kwiyambura ubuzima, bisa n’umuvumo.

2.5. KUGIRA UMUTIMA

2.5.1 Kugira umutima ni iki ku munyarwanda?

Mu muco w’u Rwanda, kugira umutima bihuza indangagaciro nyinshi zitandukanya umuntu n’undi, umuntu n’ikintu cyangwa umuntu n’inyamaswa: nk’ubwenge, ubuhanga, ubushishozi, ubumenyi, ubwende, ugushaka, ubwitonzi, ukwibuka, gushyira mu gaciro, ituze, impungenge n’ibindi.

Kugira umutima rero, ku Munyarwanda, ni ukugira uruhurirane rw’ingeso nziza zikuranga mu mibanire yawe n’abandi kandi nawe ubwawe bigatuma uhora uganira n’undi muntu uri muri wowe utuma ugera ku byiza. Dore ingero z’aho Abanyarwanda bakoresha ijambo umutima:

a) a) AmarangamutimaAmarangamutima

Kugira umutima uhagaze, gukuka umutima, kubunza imitima, umutima usobetse amaganya ntusobanura amagambo, umutima w’imfubyi watanze umutwe kumera imvi, afi te igikomere ku mutima, kugira umutima hubu, ibyo bintu byamvuye ku mutima, gushyitsa umutima hamwe, gusubiza umutima mu nda, kuvugana umutima, urampeka ku mutima, reka kundya umutima, umutima wo kugukunda uri hafi nk’irembo, uwo kukwanga uri kure nk’ukwezi, n’ibindi.

b) b) Gushaka no kurarikiraGushaka no kurarikira

Agatima kawe gahora kararikiye inzoga, icyo umutima ushaka amata aguranwa itabi, afi te agatima karehareha, akababaje umutima kazindura amaguru, akananiye umutima ntiwirirwa ubanga ingata, n’ibindi.


g) g) Gushima no gushimiraGushima no gushimira

Gushima ni ukwemera agaciro n’akamaro by’ikintu cyiza; naho gushimira ni ukugaragariza uwakugirirye neza ko wanyuzwe n’agaciro n’akamaro k’ibyo yagukoreye. Imfura iyo yanyuzwe n’igikorwa cyiza cyangwa ijambo ryiza irabigaragaza mu mvugo no mu ngiro.

h) h) Gushishoza Gushishoza

Imfura yirinda guhubuka no kwigerezaho: imfura ifata icyemezo igamije ukuri yabanje gutekereza no gushyira mu gaciro.

i) i) Kwanga umugayoKwanga umugayo

Imfura yirinda gukora ikintu cyayitesha agaciro. Kugira ngo umuntu abane neza n’abandi kandi bamushima ahora yirinze ibikorwa bigayitse. Muri make, imfura ni iyo musangira ntigucure, mwagendana ntigusige, mwaganira ntikuvemo, mwasezerana ntiguhemukire, waterwa ikagutabara, yasonza ntiyibe, yakira ntigusuzugure, wapfa ikakurerera11.

2.7. KUNGA UBUMWE 2.7. KUNGA UBUMWE

2.7.1. Uko abanyarwanda bumva ubumwe2.7.1. Uko abanyarwanda bumva ubumwe

Mu kinyarwanda bavuga ko kubaho ari ukubana. Niyo mpamvu ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda ari indangagaciro y’ingenzi.

Ni inkingi mwikorezi y’iterambere.

a) a) Ibiranga ubumwe mu buzima bwa Ibiranga ubumwe mu buzima bwa buri munsi buri munsi

- Kugirirana ikinyabupfura aho muri hose; - Kwakira umushyitsi: gufata nk’amata y’abashyitsi; - Gusurana: ifuni ibagara ubucuti ni akarenge; - Kwemera kwigomwa cyangwa kuvunika: uwawe akuvuna

utamwikoreye; - Ubucuti burusha agaciro ibintu: inshuti iruta inshuro, gusangira

no kubana neza: aho umwaga utari uruhu rw’urukwavu rwisasira batanu; nta gihanga kimwe kigira inama;

11 Byavuzwe na Padiri Byusa Eustache.


adakwiye, ashyira mu gaciro kandi yemera ibitekerezo byuzuza ibye.

b) b) Kujya inamaKujya inama

Umuntu w’imfura arangwa no kujya inama: yemera kugisha inama, kugirwa inama no kuyigira abandi.

c) c) Kuzuza amasezerano, kubaha ijambo, indahiro n’igihangoKuzuza amasezerano, kubaha ijambo, indahiro n’igihango

Abanyarwanda bashima umuntu wubahiriza ibyo yemeye gukora, haba mu masezerano, haba mu byo yemereye abandi mu ijambo, haba mu ndahiro yarahiye n’igihango yahanye n’abandi. Ibyo bigaragarira mu migani ikurikira: aho imfura zisezeraniye niho zihurira, ihatanze indi ikahaborera; imvugo niyo ngiro.

d) d) Ijambo ryizaIjambo ryiza

Ijambo ririca cyangwa rigakiza: ururimi ni rwiza kuko rurengera abantu, rusaba umugeni, rugaba inka, ruhoza abana, ruvuga ibisigo n’ibyivugo ( nicyo gituma Abanyarwanda bavuga ngo Ijambo ryiza ni mugenzi w’Imana); ariko kandi ururimi ni rubi kuko ruteranya, rubeshyera abandi, rurega abandi , rutukana, rusebanya, rusarikana n’ibindi. Abanyarwanda bavuga ko nyir’ikirimi kibi yatanze umurozi gupfa!

e) e) KwihanganaKwihangana

Abanyarwanda bagira bati: Imfura ishinjagira ishira. Intore ntiganya ishaka ibisubizo. Imfura ikomeza umutima mu bizazane ihura na byo.

f) f) KudahemukaKudahemuka

Ubudahemuka ni imyitwarire irangwa no kutanyuranya n’icyo ugomba cyangwa ukwiye gukorera undi. Imfura ni izirikana uwayigiriye neza n’uwayigiriye akamaro, ikamwitura.


c) c) UbwengeUbwenge

Kugira umutima wumva, akuzuye umutima gasesekara ku munwa; kugira umutima muke (urumve mutima muke wo mu rutiba), kugira imitima ibiri; kugisha umutima inama, kugenza umutima, n’ibindi.

d) d) Umutimanama Umutimanama

Umutima umwe uti “oya” undi uti “yee”; umutima muhanano ntiwuzura igituza, kami ka muntu ni umutima we n’ibindi.

e) e) Imyitwarire n’ImyifatireImyitwarire n’Imyifatire

Umubaji w’imitima ntiyayiringanije, nta muzindutsi wa cyane watashye ku mutima w’undi, nta mutindi ukira ubwo mu mutima, n’ibindi.

f) f) Ubumuntu n’ubuntuUbumuntu n’ubuntu

Abanyarwanda bagira ibyo bashima n’ibyo bagaya bavuga ku bumuntu n’ubuntu bw’umutima.

Mu byo bashima twavuga nk’ibi: naka agira umutima mwiza, afi te umutima utuje, afi te umutima utunganye, agira umutima woroshye, agira umutima woroshya, umukobwa w’umutima, umugore ni umutima w’urugo, n’ibindi.

Mu byo bagaya twavuga nk’ibi: naka ameze nk’igikoko, ntagira umutima, nta mutima ugira wa mwana we, n’ibindi.

g) g) Gushira ubwobaGushira ubwoba

Uyu mukobwa afi te umutima wa gitwari, gukomeza umutima.

2.5.2 Indangagaciro zifi tanye isano no “kugira umutima”

Mu ndangagaciro zishamikiye ku kugira umutima dusangamo indangagaciro y’ubumanzi, ubucuti, ubwuzu, ubwenge n’ubuntu.


a) a) UbumanziUbumanzi

Iyo Abanyarwanda bavuga ko umuntu afi te ubumanzi bisobanurako afi te umutima ukomeye, udapfa guhungabanywa n’icyo ari cyocyose. Ubumanzi rero ni ubutwari bushingiye ku mutima.

b) b) UbucutiUbucuti Abanyarwanda bashima ubucuti kuko buhuza abantu. Kandi ubucuti bugashingira ku mutima ukunda bitari byanyirarureshwa. Ubwo bucuti bukomezwa n’ibikorwa bigaragara biturutse ku mutima nko gushyira hamwe, gusurana, gutabarana, gufashanya, gutwererana no gushyingirana.

c) c) UbwuzuUbwuzu

Abanyarwanda bashima umuntu ugira ubwuzu. Ubwuzu ni ibyishimo by’umutima umuntu yakirana abandi. Ibyo byishimo bigaragarira mu binezaneza, mu nseko, mu kwakirana imbabazi, mu rukundo no mu mwete ushyira mu kwakira ugusanze.

d) d) UbuntuUbuntu

Umuntu ugira ubuntu arangwa n’umutima wo gutanga nta nyungu agamije.

2.6. KUGIRA UBUPFURA

2.6.1. Ubupfura

Imfura ni umuntu w’umunyakuri, utajenjeka kandi wiha agaciro; ariko, ufi te umutima mwiza, wiyoroshya kandi akicisha bugufi .

Inteko Izirikana isobanura10 ko ubupfura ari “umwambaro w’umutima ugaragarira mu myifatire n’imigirire by’intangarugero”.

10 Inteko Izirikana, Indangagaciro z’ingenzi mu muco w’u Rwanda, agatabo ka mbere,Nzeli 2008 p.12.


Abanyarwanda bemera ko kuba imfura umuntu abyitoza: mu muco w’u Rwanda, kugira uburere ni byo bituma umuntu agera ku ntera ndende y’ubupfura. Uburere ni uruhurirane rw’umuco ukwiye umuryango utoza umwana n’umwete we bwite mu kwimenyereza ingeso nziza. Dore uko Abanyarwanda bumva ubupfura:

a) a) Ubupfura butandukanye n’uburangaUbupfura butandukanye n’uburanga

Uburanga ni ubwiza bw’umubiri, bugaragarira inyuma. Ntabwo rero bwerekana ingeso za nyirabwo kandi ingeso z’umuntu, nziza cyangwa mbi, ni zo zigaragaza ko umuntu ari imfura cyangwa atari yo.

b) b) Ubupfura butandukanye n’amavuko cyangwa inkomoko Ubupfura butandukanye n’amavuko cyangwa inkomoko

Abanyarwanda baravuga ngo “uburere buruta ubuvuke”, uburere umuntu arabuhabwa na we akagira uruhare mu kubwakira naho ubuvuke bwo nta ruhare abugiraho;

c) c) Ubupfura buhesha agaciro nyirabwoUbupfura buhesha agaciro nyirabwo

Bimwe mu bimenyetso biranga ubupfura ni ibi: ubwangamugayo, ubudahemuka, kubaha igihango, indahiro n’ijambo, koroherana, ubugabo, ubutwari, ubwitange, ubumanzi, kwihangana, ubuntu n’ubumuntu, urugwiro, ubwuzu, ishyaka, ishema, kwicisha bugufi , kwiyoroshya, kubaha , kwiyubaha, kwiramira, kwigomwa, kwihangana, kuzirikana, gushishoza n’ibindi.Ufi te iyi mico myiza agira agaciro mu bandi; bituma abantu bamushima, bamwubaha, bamugirira icyizere ndetse bakamukunda.

2.6.2. Indangagaciro zifi tanye isano n’ ubupfura

Mu ndangagaciro zishamikiye ku kugira ubupfura hakubiyemo kwiyoroshya, kujya inama, kuzuza amasezerano, kubaha ijambo, kuvugisha ukuri, kwihangana, kudahemuka, gushima no gushimira, gushishoza no kwanga umugayo.

a) a) KwiyoroshyaKwiyoroshya

Indangagaciro yo kwiyoroshya ni imwe mu ziranga imfura. Uwiyoroshya yakirana buri wese urugwiro, ntiyirata, ntiyikuza, ntashaka ibyubahiro


3.2. INGAMBA ZIKWIYE GUFATWA 3.2. INGAMBA ZIKWIYE GUFATWA1212

Ingamba zikwiye gushyirwa mu bikorwa kugira ngo gahunda yo gusakaza no kwimakaza indangagaciro z’umuco w’u Rwanda hagamijwe iterambere riramba irusheho kwihuta, hakubiyemo nk’ibiganiro mu ngo, ubukangurambaga, amahugurwa n’inama ku baturage, kongerera abayobozi n’inzego ubushobozi mu iterambere riramba, gukora ubuvugizi no kugera ku bisubizo bishingira ku bipimo bifatika n’ibarurishamibare.

a) a) Gutegura imfashanyigisho n’abazikoreshaGutegura imfashanyigisho n’abazikoresha

Mu bihe byose no mu myanya yose, gahunda yo gusakaza no kwimakaza indangagaciro z’umuco w’u Rwanda hagamijwe iterambere riramba ikeneye imfashanyigisho n’abazikoresha. Ni ngombwa rero ko hategurwa inyandiko z’ingeri zitandukanye zishingiye ku byiciro inyigisho zigenewe. Bizaba kandi ngombwa ko hategurwa abakangurambaga bafi te ubumenyingiro n’ubushishozi bihagije kugira ngo bashobore kumvikanisha ubuhame bw’umuco mu iterambere riramba.

b) b) Ibiganiro mu ngoIbiganiro mu ngo

Abanyarwanda bemera ko urugo ari intangiriro y’imibereho myiza y’Igihugu (ijya kurisha ihera ku rugo/nama cyangwa ngo umwana apfa mu iterura). Koko rero, nk’uko Itegeko Nshinga ribivuga, urugo ni rwo muryango fatizo w’Igihugu.

Uburere bw’umwana butangirira mu rugo iwabo kwa se na nyina. Niyo mpamvu ibiganiro byubaka hagati y’iyo nyabutatu, ababyeyi (= umugore n’ umugabo) n’abana bagize urugo, ari ngirakamaro mu muryango.

c) c) Ubukagurambaga Ubukagurambaga

Muri iki gihe, bimaze kugaragara ko ubutumwa buciye mu nzego z’ibanze, cyane cyane mu Mudugudu, burushaho kwihuta kuko buhita bukwira mu baturage bose. Kugira ngo izi ndangagaciro z’umuco w’u Rwanda zisakare kandi zimakazwe mu Gihugu hose ni ngombwa ko zisobanurwa mu nzego z’ibanze binyujijwe mu biganiro byahuza abantu 12 Iyi ngingo yifashishije inyandiko ya UNITY CLUB., Raporo ku ndangagaciro z’umuco nyarwanda zigomba gutezwa imbere n’imyifatire igayitse ikwiye guhindurwa hagamijwe iterambere rirambye ry’u Rwanda n’Abanyarwanda, Kigali, 2010.


c) c) KuganuraKuganura

Mu rwego rw’umuryango mugari no mu gihugu hose, abantu bakoraga umuhango wo gusangira umusaruro, bikaba ari ukwishimira ibyo bagezeho bivuye mu maboko yabo kandi bafatanyije. Uwo muco mwiza n’ubu uracyariho kandi ukwiye guhabwa agaciro.

2.8. GUKUNDA UMURIMO 2.8. GUKUNDA UMURIMO

2.8.2.8.1. 1. Uko abanyarwanda baha agaciro umurimo Uko abanyarwanda baha agaciro umurimo

Abanyarwanda bemera ko gukora ari inshingano ya buri wese mu muryango w’abantu. Ibyo bituma abantu barushaho kuba magirirane nko mu bwisungane, mu bwishingizi, mu masezerano y’akazi, no mu kurengera inyungu z’abakozi; bityo, iterambere rirambye rikihuta kandi rikagera kuri bose.

Akamaro k’umurimo kagaragarira mu ngero zikurikira:

a) Umurimo ukiza uwukora: gutunga ugatunganirwa bituruka ku mwete, ubuhanga, ubushishozi umuntu akorana; bituma kandi agera ku masaziro meza kuko akabando k’iminsi gacibwa kare kakabikwa kure; bisaba rero gukora hakiri kare kandi ugakora uzigama;

b) Umurimo uha agaciro uwukora kuko umuntu yumva ubwe ko hari icyo yigejejeho, kandi umugabo akaba ari “mugirwa n’ake”; umurimo ukoze neza uhesha uwawukoze ishema mu bandi: ukora neza araboneka;

c) Umurimo ukoze neza utuma uwawukoze yitwa ingirakamaro mu muryango we no mu gihugu;

d) Umurimo ukoze neza ushimisha uwakoze; kuko yigira( ak’imuhana kaza imvura ihise);

e) Imihigo y’akazi ni uburyo bwo kwibohora kuko uhiga yihitiramo imihigo ye; bikanamuha uburenganzira bwo guha icyerekezo ibyo akora; ituma kandi umuntu adakorera ijisho kuko aba azi aho agana;

f) Umurimo wungura ubwenge kuko ukora ahora atekereza bigatuma agera ku bisubizo bituma umurimo we urushaho kugenda neza;

g) Gukorana ubuhanga byoroshya umurimo kandi bikawihutisha.


2.8.2.8.2.2. Indangagaciro zifi tanye isano no “gukunda umurimo”Indangagaciro zifi tanye isano no “gukunda umurimo”

Gukora neza bituma utunganyiriza abakugana, bikagaragazwa no kutarangarana umuntu mu byo umugomba, kuzuza inshingano, gukorera mu mucyo, kwihutisha akazi, kwakira neza abakugana, kugira uruhare mu bikorwa by’Igihugu no gukorera kuri gahunda.

a) a) Gushishikarira umurimoGushishikarira umurimo

Ukora umurimo akwiriye kuwukorana umwete, akawitaho, akihutira kuwurangiza neza ntakuzarira. Mu rwego rwo kwiteza imbere no guteza Igihugu imbere, u Rwanda rwashyizeho icyerekezo kigaragaza uko Abanyarwanda bagomba kuba bifashe mu mwaka wa 2020. Buri munyarwanda agomba gukorera ku ntego kugira ngo agere kuri icyo cyerekezo. Gukorera ku ntego bimufasha kujya yisuzuma akamenya intambwe yateye, aho afi te intege nke agashyiramo ingufu bishingiye ku muhigo yihaye.

b) b) Gukora umurimo unoze kandi ufi te iremeGukora umurimo unoze kandi ufi te ireme

Kugira ngo ibyo buri wese akora bimugirire akamaro binakagirire Igihugu, umurimo ukorwa ugomba kuba utunganye kandi unoze: ibyo umuntu akora akabiha ireme yirinda guhangika.

c) c) Gukorera hamweGukorera hamwe

« Abishyize hamwe ntakibananira ». Kugira ngo umusaruro utubuke, abantu bagomba kugira ibyo bakorera hamwe bagafatanya. Gukorera hamwe bituma abantu badatatanya ingufu. Bibabuza kuba nyamwigendaho.

d) d) Gukorera ku giheGukorera ku gihe

Gukunda umurimo bisaba kuwitabira ku gihe, ukawukorana umwete, ukaba ugomba kubahiriza igihe. Gukunda umurimo bisaba kugira gahunda ukoreraho: buri kintu ukagiha umwanya wacyo.


UMUTWE WA GATATU: INGERO N’INGAMBA ZO GUSAKAZA UMUTWE WA GATATU: INGERO N’INGAMBA ZO GUSAKAZA NONO KWIMAKAZA INDANGAGACIRO Z’UMUCO W’U RWANDA KWIMAKAZA INDANGAGACIRO Z’UMUCO W’U RWANDA

HAGAMIJWE AMAJYAMBERE ARAMBYEHAGAMIJWE AMAJYAMBERE ARAMBYE

Muri rusange, Umunyarwanda nyakuri ni ubereye umuryango Nyarwanda n’igihugu cy’u Rwanda; ahora aharanira kuba intore irangwa n’indangagaciro z’umuco zigenga imyitwarire myiza.

Ibyo bisaba buri wese gukurikira za nzira ebyiri z’umuco w’u Rwanda: guhora yiyubakamo indangagaciro zimugeza ku bupfura kandi yubaha za ndindagaciro zimurinda gukora ibizira n’ibiziririzwa.

Naho uruhare rwe rukenewe cyane, ntabwo yabigeraho adafatanyije n’abandi gufata ingamba za gahunda yo kwamamaza no kwimakaza indangagaciro z’umuco w’u Rwanda hagamijwe iterambere riramba kuko bimaze kuba ihame ko amajyambere ashingiye ku muco gakondo ari yo aramba.

3.1. INGERO Z’IBYAGEZWEHO 3.1. INGERO Z’IBYAGEZWEHO

Mu rwego rwo kwimakaza indangagaciro z’umuco w’u Rwanda, Guverinoma yarabirebye isanga bikwiye kujya kuvoma mw’isoko y’umuco, ikuramo gahunda nziza zimaze kugira akamaro kagaragara mu iterambere ry’u Rwanda: Imihigo, Itorero, Urugerero, Girinka Munyarwanda, Kuremera abatishoboye, Inkiko Gacaca, Ubudehe, Umuganda, Akagoroba k’ababyeyi, n’ibindi byose bigenda bikorwa.Ibi byose ni ibyubaka umuryango nyarwanda, bikawuteza imbere hashingiwe ku muco wacu.

Umuco kandi uhatse byinshi byashingirwaho mu kongera ubukungu nk’ubukererugendo ndangamuco n’izindi nganda ndangamuco.


yayo, ngo akubuze kubana n’abandi, akubuze kubonera uwanya urugo rwawe niba urufi te, ngo uyaririkire uhemuke, etc.

h) h) Kwita ku bidukikijeKwita ku bidukikije

Biragaragara ko kwita ku bidukikije ari indangagaciro ikomeye kuko bituma umuryango ubungabunga ibyiza wasanze n’ibyo ugenda ugeraho kandi ukabishyikiriza abawukomokaho.

Twibuke ko n’Abanyarwanda bari bafi te uko bubaha ibidukikije nko kutica inyamaswa zikunze kuba nkeya k’inyamanza, kwimana inyamaswa yahungiye mu rugo n’ibindi.


e) Guhanga imirimo mishya no kuvugurura imikorereGuhanga imirimo mishya no kuvugurura imikorere

Mu rwego rwo guteza imbere umurimo tugomba guhanga indi mirimo y’ingirakamaro: ibyara inyungu kandi itanga akazi kuri benshi. Tugomba kandi kuvugurura imikorere dukoresha ibikoresho bigezweho kandi twinjiza ikoranabuhanga mu mirimo yacu. Bituma twihutisha iterambere, iryacu bwite n’iry’Igihugu .

f) f) Kurangiza ibyo watangiyeKurangiza ibyo watangiye

Mu guhesha agaciro umurimo wawe, ni byiza kurangiza neza ibyo watangiye mbere yo gutangira ibindi.

g) g) Gucunga neza umutungoGucunga neza umutungo

Buri munyarwanda agomba kwirinda gusesagura no gupfusha ubusa umutungo yabonye. Agomba kwirinda kurya atabara cyangwa kurya ibirenze ibyo atunze.

h) h) GuteganyaGuteganya

Muri iki gihe, guteganya bigomba kwitabwaho: Abanyarwanda bagakorana n’amabanki n’ibigo by’imari iciriritse, bagashora imari mu bikorwa bibazanira inyungu, bagahunika igice cy’umusaruro wabo hagamijwe kongera umutungo no guteganyiriza ahazaza.

i) i) Kwiyubakamo ubushobozi Kwiyubakamo ubushobozi

Tuzi neza ko akimuhana kaza imvura ihise. Buri munyarwanda agomba kwigira, akareba ubushobozi afi te n’ubw’Igihugu, akaba ari bwo akoresha aho gutegereza imfashanyo atazi aho zizava.

j) j) Kugira umuco wo guhiganwa no kuba indashyikirwaKugira umuco wo guhiganwa no kuba indashyikirwa

Buri wese agomba guharanira kuba intangarugero, bareberaho mu rwego rw’akazi: akora neza umurimo ashinzwe cyangwa yiyemeje, agwiza umusaruro; bityo akaba indashyikirwa.


2.8.3.2.8.3. Kirazira kudaha agaciro umurimoKirazira kudaha agaciro umurimo

Umurimo niwo utunga umuntu ku giti cye ugatunga n’imbaga y’abantu kandi ugateza Igihugu imbere. Ni cyo gituma kizira gusuzugura umurimo uwo ari wo wose, kuba imburamukoro, kunebwa, kuzarira no kutarangiza ibyo watangiye.

Ni ngombwa kubungabunga no kongera ibyagezweho n’umurimo bityo kirazira kuba inyangabirama,kwangiza umutungo wawe, uw’abandi n’uw’Igihugu.

2.9. 2.9. KWAGURA AMAREMBOKWAGURA AMAREMBO

Kubera impamvu zitandukanye zishingiye ku mateka y’Igihugu, imibereho, imibanire n’imyitwarire by’Abanyarwanda byarahindutse.

Umuco w’u Rwanda wakiriye imico ituruka hanze ugira ibyo wunguka n’ibindi utakaza: imiturire, imibanire y’abagize umuryango n’iy’abaturanyi, imyambarire n’ibindi.Dore zimwe mu ndangagaciro nshya:

a) a) Imyemerere ishingiye ku madini yavuye hanzeImyemerere ishingiye ku madini yavuye hanze

Amadini yavuye hanze yarushije ingufu iryo Abanyarwanda baribasanganywe maze bayoboka amadini atandukanye. Ayo madini yazanye indangagaciro zihindura zimwe mu zo Abanyarwanda bemeraga. Haza uburyo bushya nko mu kubatizwa, gushyingirwa, guherekeza uwitabye Imana n’ibindi.

b) b) Amatwara ya demokarasiAmatwara ya demokarasi

Demokarasi n’andi mahame ayishingiyeho byahinduye amatwara y’imiyoborere y’u Rwanda.

c ) c ) Uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanyeUburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye

Muri ibi bihe guteza imbere umuryango n’igihugu bisaba uruhare rw’abagore n’abagabo, abakobwa n’abahungu.


Ku bw’ibyo, guha agaciro kangana abagore n’abagabo, abakobwa n’abahungu bijyana no kubahiriza ihame ry’uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye: - Mu kutarobanura abana mu burere no mu burezi;- Mu kutarobanura abagore n’abagabo, abakobwa n’abahungu mu mirimo;- Mu kutabasumbanya mu izungura no mu micungire y’umutungo y’umuryango;- Mu kubaha uruhare rungana mu miyoborere y’Igihugu; - Mu kubarinda ihohoterwa iryo ari ryo ryose;

d) d) Ubumenyi bushyaUbumenyi bushya

Ishuri ryasimbuye itorero, rizana ubumenyi bushya n’indangagaciro zabwo. Uruhare rw’ababyeyi mu burere bw’abana babo ruragabanuka; mwarimu agira uruhare runini mu burere bw’umwana. Bityo ubumenyi bushya buhabwa umwanya kuruta uburere bw’ababyeyi.

Ishuri rero ni aho umuntu ajya kwiyungura ubumenyi bigatuma anoza imikorere n’imibereho ye. Kwiga kandi ntibijya birangira, ntabwo umuntu yigira ku ntebe y’ishuri gusa, ashobora nawe ubwe kwiyigisha no kwigira ku bandi ahura nabo.

e) Ikoranabuhanga e) Ikoranabuhanga

Ikoranabuhanga ryahinduye isi umudugudu umwe, ryigisha itumanaho ryihuta kandi rigera kuri benshi: ibyiza byaryo bigera no mu Rwanda ariko bidasize n’ibibi byaryo bigomba kwirindwa.

f) Indimi z’amahanga f) Indimi z’amahanga

Abanyarwanda bakiranye umwete indimi z’amahanga bituma Igihugu cyacu cyagura amarembo kiragendwa. Abanyarwanda n’abo bagenda amahanga. Ni byiza, ariko tukirinda ko indimi z’amahanga zimira ururimi kavukire

g) g) Gukoresha ifaranga Gukoresha ifaranga Gukoresha ifaranga byazanye uburyo bushya bwo guhahirana, kugura ibintu no kugirana amasezerano. Ifaranga rero ryinjiye mu buzima bw’Abanyarwanda. Ni byiza kumenya kuyakorera ariko ntube imbata


ku nzego nk’Inteko y’Umudugudu, iy’Akagari cyangwa mu muganda.

Hari izindi nzira zigera ku baturage bidatinze kandi zikemerwa. Izi ndangagaciro z’umuco w’u Rwanda zakwigishwa binyuze mu binyamakuru, hakoreshejwe itumanaho, amakinamico, indirimbo, amarushanwa y’imikino n’ibindi.

Ndetse hanakwifashishwa ibihembo byajya bihabwa abantu barushije abandi guhanga ibikorwa by’umwimere byimakaza iterambere ryubakiye ku muco.

Gukora ku buryo abaturage b’ingeri zose no mu byiciro bitandukanye bumva ko ari bo shingiro ry’impinduramatwara rivoma imigambi mu muco w’u Rwanda, ko ari bo pfundo rifashe urufunguzo rwo guhindura imyifatire, ko kandi ari no mu nyungu zabo gufata ingamba nshya kugira ngo bagere ku iterambere riramba. Bakeneye rero ibiganiro mpaka kugira ngo buri wese asobanukirwe neza impamvu umuco n’indangagaciro ziwuranga ari ingenzi mu kumufasha kuboneza imibereho ye no kumurikira intambwe ze mu iterambere.

Kugira ngo iyo ntego igerweho ni ngombwa kubaka ubushobozi bw’abakangurambaga bashinzwe guhugura abaturage ku nzego zose, bakabafasha kwiha intego no kwihitiramo inzira iboneye yo kuzigeraho.

d) d) Amahugurwa n’inama z’ibyiciro by’abaturageAmahugurwa n’inama z’ibyiciro by’abaturage

Ubwo bukangurambaga buvuzwe mu ngingo ibanziriza iyi ntabwo buzaba buhagije, bizaba na ngombwa ko habaho inama n’amahugurwa bigenewe ibyiciro bitandukanye by’Abanyarwanda biciye mu mirimo bakora cyangwa serivisi barimo: abakozi bo mu nzego za Leta cyangwa iz’abikorera, n’abo mu mirimo yindi itegamiye kuri Leta, abakozi bo mu bitangazamakuru, mu nzego zishinzwe umutekano, abana n’urubyiruko bo mu mashuri y’ingeri zose, abarezi , urubyiruko rukora imyuga inyuranye n’amashyirahamwe.


e) e) Kongerera abayobozi n’inzego ubushobozi mu iterambere Kongerera abayobozi n’inzego ubushobozi mu iterambere rishingiye ku muco rishingiye ku muco

Muri iyi gahunda yo kwimakaza indangagaciro z’umuco w’u Rwanda, abayobozi ku nzego zose bagomba kuba baracengewe n’indangagaciro z’umuco kuko zikenewe mu gushyigikira no kwihutisha ibikorwa by’amajyambere. Bagomba kuba bariyubatsemo ubumenyingiro, ubuhanga ndetse n’ubushobozi butuma bahindura ibyari inzitizi; ibyo byose babikesha gushyira hamwe imbaraga zabo no guhuza imyumvire ku cyerekezo n’intego bahisemo.

Mu bikorwa by’ingenzi byakwitabwaho muri iyo ngamba, harimo kwigisha abayobozi ku nzego zose bagatozwa gutegura igenamigambi na gahunda ihamye kandi ifi te ireme, iha umuco uruhare rusesuye mu bikorwa by’iterambere ku buryo abashinzwe gufata ibyemezo, abatowe n’abaturage, inzobere, amashyirahamwe n’imiryango irengera inyungu z’abaturage bose bibona muri iyo gahunda n’imigambi y’iterambere yateguwe, bagafatanya kuyishyira mu bikorwa.

f) f) Gukora ubuvugizi Gukora ubuvugizi

Mu bihe biri imbere, u Rwanda rugomba kuba rwizihiwe n’Abanyarwanda bakomeye ku muco wabo, bazi kuwubyaza umusaruro, ubafasha kugera ku iterambere riramba kandi rinogeye buri wese. Ibyo birasaba guha imbaraga ubufatanye no kunoza imikoranire hagati y’abafatanyabikorwa bose ku rwego rw’Igihugu, mu karere no ku rwego mpuzamahanga hagamijwe gusembura no gushyigikira byimazeyo ibikorwa byiza by’umwimerere biturutse mu baturage; ibyo bikorwa bikongererwa ingufu, bigahabwa agaciro kandi bigashingirwaho mu guhanga ibishya. Ubwo bunararibonye aho gupfushwa ubusa bukaba bwanabafasha gutekereza ibikorwa n’ibisubizo by’umwimerere hakurikijwe imiterere y’ibibazo byihariye bigenda bivuka.

g) g) Kugera ku bisubizo bishingiye ku bipimo Kugera ku bisubizo bishingiye ku bipimo bifatika bifatika n’ibarurishamibaren’ibarurishamibare

Gushyiraho uburyo bwo gukurikirana iyinjizwa ry’indangagaciro z’umuco muri gahunda zose z’iterambere ku nzego zose no mu baturage bose. Hagashyirwaho n’ibimenyetso fatizo byashingirwaho mu gusuzuma uko kwimakaza umuco w’u Rwanda byagezweho, hakoreshejwe ubuhanga,


n’ayisumbuye mu Rwanda, Kigali, Nzeri 2009.

12) MUKAMURENZI B., Education aux valeurs éthiques et culturelles dans le renforcement de l’identité rwandaise – Cas de la valeur d’Ubupfura, Huye, Décembre 2008 (Mémoire ISPC- Butare).

13) NOTHOMB D, P.B., Un Humanisme Africain, Valeurs et Pierres d’Attente, Editions Lumen Vitae, Bruxelles, 1965.

14) RUSAGARA F. K., Resilience of a Nation: A History of the Military in Rwanda, Fountain Publishers Rwanda.

15) SINDAYIGAYA A., Inkomoko n’Imimaro y’Imiziro n’Imiziririzo mu muco Nyarwanda: Icyerekezo cy’Ubumenyamuntu, Kigali, 2007 ( Mémoire KIE).

16) SMITH P.,L’effi cacité des interdits. In: L’Homme, 1979, tome 19 n01.

17) TYLOR E.B., Primitive Culture, New York, J.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1871.

18) UNITY CLUB, Raporo ku ndangagaciro z’umuco nyarwanda zigomba gutezwa imbere n’imyifatire igayitse ikwiye guhindurwa hagamijwe iterambere rirambye ry’u Rwanda n’Abanyarwanda, Kigali, 2010.

19) UNESCO, Déclaration de Mexico sur les Politiques Culturelles, Mexico City, 26 Juillet-6 Août 1982.


IBITABO N’INYANDIKO BYIFASHISHIJWEBITABO N’INYANDIKO BYIFASHISHIJWE

1) BIGIRUMWAMI A., Imihango, imigenzo n’imiziririzo mu Rwanda, Nyundo, 1974.

2) BIMENYIMANA J., La Rwandisation de l’enseignement secondaire. Contribution à l’étude et à l’approfondissement des valeurs culturelles de marque à travers une vision rwandaise du monde pour l’Education dans le secondaire, Rome, 1985. ( Thèse de doctorat)

3) GALABERT J. L., Les enfants d’Imana: Histoire sociale et culturelle du Rwanda ancien, Editions Izuba, 2011, Paris.

4) Institut National de Recherche Scientifi que, Turirimbane indirimbo zahimbwe na Sipiriyani RUGAMBA, I.N.R.S.Butare-Rwanda, Publication No 38, 1987.

5) Inteko Izirikana, Indangagaciro z’ingenzi mu muco Nyarwanda, Kigali, 2008.

6) IRYAGARAGAYE J., Les valeurs éducatives et éthiques à travers les proverbes et dictons du Kinyarwanda. Approche thématique, Kigali, 2005.

7) Itorero ry’Igihugu, Indangagaciro z’Umuco Nyarwanda mu Iterambere, Kigali, 2011.

8) KAGAME A., Introduction aux Grands Genres Lyriques de l’Ancien Rwanda, Editions Universitaires du Rwanda, Butare, 1969.

9) Komisiyo y’Igihugu y’Amatora, Uburere mboneragihugu ku matora mu Rwanda, Kigali, 2002.

10) Ministry of Youth, Sports and Culture, Shared values and promoting a culture of Peace in Rwanda, Imprimerie de Kigali, Kigali, 1998.

11) Minisiteri y’Uburezi, Ubugenzuzi bukuru bw’Uburezi, Indangagaciro ngenderwaho mu mashuri y’incuke, abanza


ibarurishamibare n’ubundi buhanga butandukanye.

3.3. 3.3. Abafi te uruhare muri gahunda yo gusakaza no kwimakaza Abafi te uruhare muri gahunda yo gusakaza no kwimakaza indangagaciro z’umuco w’u Rwanda hagamijwe iterambere indangagaciro z’umuco w’u Rwanda hagamijwe iterambere riramba. riramba.

Gahunda yo kwamamaza no kwimakaza indangagaciro z’umuco w’u Rwanda hagamijwe iterambere riramba ni inshingano z’Igihugu, umwenegihugu ndetse n’incuti z‘igihugu; igomba gahagurukirwa na buri wese n’inzego zose. Bisaba ubufatanye n’ubwuzuzanye hagati y’abantu ubwabo no hagati y’inzego zitandukanye:

Abayobozi bakuru b’Igihugu ku giti cyabo no mu mirimo yabo; Inzego zose za Leta y’u Rwanda (za Minisiteri n’ibigo

biyishamikiyeho); Abafatanyabikorwa n’abaterankunga n’ibindi bihugu n’Imiryango

Mpuzamahanga; Abikorera n’Imiryango Itegamiye kuri Leta ; Abayobozi mu nzego z’ibanze (Umudugudu, Umurenge, Akarere

n’Intara) ; Abayobozi n’abayoboke b’Amadini atandukanye ; Komisiyo n’Inzego zashyiriweho inshingano zihariye (Inama

y’Igihugu y’Abagore, Inama y’Igihugu y’Urubyiruko, Komisiyo y’Ubumwe n’Ubwiyunge, Itorero ry’Igihugu, Komisiyo y’Igihugu y’Uburenganzira bwa Muntu, Komisiyo y’igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside, Komisiyo y’Igihugu y’Amatora, Komisiyo y’Igihugu ishinzwe Abakozi ba Leta, Urwego rw’Umuvunyi, Urwego rw’Ubugenzuzi Bukuru, Urwego Rushinzwe Kugenzura Iyubahirizwa ry’Uburinganire bw’Abagore n’Abagabo mw’Iterambere ry’Igihugu, Urwego Rushinzwe Intwari z’Igihugu, Imidari n’Impeta by’ishimwe, Inama y’Igihugu y’Abantu bafi te ubumuga, Inama y’Igihugu y’Abana, Ikigo Gishinzwe Imisoro n’Amahoro, Komite y’ Abunzi, …) ;

Ibitangazamakuru n’abakozi babyo ; Abahanzi.

Birumvikana ko buri rwego, hakurikijwe inshingano na gahunda rusanganywe, ruzihatira gucengeza indangagaciro z’umuco mu migambi yarwo; byaba na ngombwa rugafata ingamba nshya zirufasha kwitabira ibikorwa byavuzwe by’ubukangurambaga,


ubuvugizi n’amahugurwa yo kongera ubumenyi no kubaka ubushobozi bw’abarugize n’amatsinda arugize.


UMWANZUROUMWANZURO Indangagaciro z’umuco w’u Rwanda zikubiye muri iki gitabo zizafasha gukemura ikibazo cy’imyumvire, imyitwarire no kunoza imikorere bya buri Munyarwanda. Bizatuma aba koko umusemburo w’iterambere riramba kandi riboneye ry’imiyoborere myiza, ubutabera, ubukungu n’imibereho myiza, bityo Abanyarwanda biheshe agaciro.

Kubera ko umuryango ari wo shingiro kamere y’imbaga y’Abanyarwanda, imibereho y‘abawugize igomba kurangwa n’indangagaciro zubahiriza ihame ry’uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye bw’abagore n’abagabo, abakobwa n’abahungu kandi abana bakigishwa indangagaciro z’umuco w’u Rwanda kuva bakiri bato.

Byongeye kandi, ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko Abanyarwanda b’ibyiciro byose, abato n’abakuru, abayobora n’abayoborwa, abize n’abatarize, abo mu mijyi n’abo mu cyaro, ab’impande zose z’Igihugu bahuriye kuri izi ndangagaciro.

Izi ndangagaciro zigomba gukwirakwizwa mu Gihugu hose ndetse no hanze yacyo kugira ngo buri munyarwanda aho ari hose azigire ize kandi zijye zimuyobora buri munsi.

Kugira ngo izo ndangagaciro zimakazwe, buri wese akwiye kugira uruhare rwo gukumira no kwamagana ingeso mbi n’imyitwarire igayitse izibangamira, akubahiriza kirazira zigomba gufatwa nk’uruzitiro ntarengwa rwo kurinda indangagaciro.

Mu kuzikwirakwiza, twashimangira uruhare rw’ababyeyi n’abagisha, umuryango mugari, ibitangazamakuru, abanyamadini n’inzego z’ubuyobozi zitandukanye, zaba iza Leta cyangwa iz‘abikorera, n’imiryango itari iya Leta.

Kubahiriza indangagaciro bizubaka Abanyarwanda baharanira ishema ryabo, bashaka impinduramatwara nziza kandi zihuta, bagamije iterambere rirambye ry’u Rwanda n‘ imibereho myiza y’abarutuye.

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