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Dopravn obchodn centrum Mercury v eskch Budjovicch je uniktn stavbou, kter se nachz pobl centra msta a je kombinac multifunknho obchodnho centra s autobusovm ndram na stee.

Jedinenost projektu je synergie pho provozu i provozu osobnch automobil, integrovan autobusov dopravy a vlakovho ndra, kter je s Mercury propojeno podchodem.

Mercury centrum je navreno jako objekt se temi nadzemnmi podlami, stechou pro sten kryt autobusov ndra a dvma podzemnmi podlami, kter nabzej monost parkovn pro 717 osobnch automobil. Denn prmrn nvtvnost centra se pohybuje cca kolem 20 000 nvtvnk.

Njemn plochy v prvnm a druhm nadzemnm podla jsou pronajaty renomovanm spolenostem, jako nap. Albert Hypermarket, C&A, Orsay, Hervis, Datart, GATE, Reno i CCC boty. Restaurace, kavrny a cukrrny nabzej nvtvnkm a cestujcm pjemn posezen a monost rychlho oberstven.

In terms of traffic, the Mercury shopping centre in esk Budjovice is a unique construction near the city centre, which combines a multifunctional shopping centre with a bus station on the rooftop.

The uniqueness of the project is the synergy of pedestrian and automobile traffic, an integrated bus service, and the train station, which is linked to Mercury via an underpass.

The Mercury Centre is designed as a building with three floors, with the roof for the partially covered bus station, and two underground floors offering parking for 717 cars. The daily average attendance at the centre is around 20,000 visitors.

The spaces on the first and second floors are leased to renowned companies such as the Albert Hypermarket, C&A Orsay, Hervis, Datart, GATE, Reno and CCC shoes. Restaurants, cafes and pastry shops offer visitors and passengers a pleasant stay and convenient dining.

2Prague

Central Bohemia

esk Budjovice

Brno

Jihlava

Olomouc RegionOstrava

South Bohemia Region

Plze Region

Karlovy Vary Region

st nad Labem Region

Liberec Region

Hradec Krlov Region

Pardubice Region

South Moravia Region

Vysoina Region Zln Region

Moravian-Silesian Region

Barvy kraj jsou pro snaz orientaci uvedeny na hmatnku kad karty.Region colours are for easier orientation shown on the fingerboard of each full-page card.

Kraje

Kraje | regions

pg. 242

pg. 286

pg. 302

pg. 314

pg. 320

pg. 278

pg. 272

pg. 260pg. 324

pg. 338

pg. 350

pg. 376

3Prague

Central Bohemia

esk Budjovice

Brno

Jihlava

Olomouc RegionOstrava

South Bohemia Region

Plze Region

Karlovy Vary Region

st nad Labem Region

Liberec Region

Hradec Krlov Region

Pardubice Region

South Moravia Region

Vysoina Region Zln Region

Moravian-Silesian Region

ilina Region

Bratislava Region

Trnava Region

Trenn Region

Nitra Region

Bansk Bystrica Region

Preov Region

Koice Region

regions

Prague 188esk Budjovice 252Plze 263Karlovy Vary 274st nad Labem 282Liberec 296Hradec Krlov 306Pardubice 316Jihlava 322Brno 326Olomouc 342Zln 354Ostrava 362

Bratislava 386Trnava 408Trenn 422ilina 428Nitra 440Bansk Bystrica 451Preov 459Koice 466

Cities of the Cr Cities of the sr

pg. 360

pg. 426

pg. 404

pg. 414

pg. 446

pg. 454

pg. 462

pg. 467

pg. 242

4obsah

obsah | esKy

Kraje 2Obsah 4Jak pouvat Retail Book 2010 8Historick kontext 10Stezkami proudilo nejen zbo, ale imylenky 12Vvoj obchodu rychle astrun 14Zsilkov obchod 16eskoslovensk maloobchod po roce 1918 18Komunistick eskoslovensk maloobchod 20Pojzdn prodejny 22Nen advokt jako advokt 24Pehled potravinovch njemc 28Hypermarkety 30Supermarkety 32Diskontn prodejny 34Sov minimarkety 36Historie obchodnch dom 40Shopping centra 44Obchodn domy 46Retail parky 48Pehled retailovch njemc 50DIY 52Koupelny akuchyn 54Nbytek & OD nbytku 56Podlahov krytiny 58Elektro 60S nemovitostn fond 62Vznam centra pro region 64Obchodn centra pro regiony 66Nov centra ECE 68Nejni poplatky za sprvu vR aSR 74Uniktn recept na rst 78Spolenost Reflecta Development a.s. 80Parkovac dm 82Rozvoj retail pod vedenm CENTURY 21 84Konkurence kamennch obchod 88Pehled retailovch njemc 90Mda 94Obuv akoen galanterie 100Sportovn vybaven ahry 102Hraky aspoleensk hry 106Knihkupectv 108Klenoty & biutrie 110On optika 114Kosmetika aparfumerie 116Lkrny adoplky stravy 118Drogerie 120Pet shops 122Convenience centrum: Stabilita investora 124Jak vypad trh zpohledu sprvce 40 shopping center? 126Zvdavost aMarylance 134Spolenost Cushman&Wakefield nen nutn pedstavovat. 136Sgc: Zkuenosti zEvropy 138Kde nakupovat? 140

Outlety 144Outlet - Tajemstv modernho nakupovn 146Freeport 147FASHION ARENA outlet centre 148D1 OUTLET 149Zbava 150VTatralandii vdy nieo nov 152Multikina 154Na bitevnm poli trhu shopping center 156Remodeling 158Jdlo vhlavn roli 162Interiry by Dara Rolins 164Dky dennmu svtlu lze zvit obrat o40% 166Komplexn bezpenostn een 168Men nvtvnosti. Cesta ke zvyovn zisku asporm nklad 171Problm bezdomovci ajin nedouc individua 172Poskytujeme jin facility management 176TFN s.r.o.: nov kabt pro osvden sluby 178Obchodn centra budoucnosti voblasti slueb 182Extraliga voblasti poskytovn integrovanch slueb vlastnmi silami 184Praha: vod 188Zskejte vhodu nad konkurenc 189Zlat k 190Na Pkop 14 192NA PKOP 193COPA CENTRUM Nrodn 194SLOVANSK DM 195BROADWAY 196ERN RE 197Nkupn galerie ATRIUM 198OD KOTVA 199MELANTRICH 200MYSLBEK 201MYK GALLERY 202VINOHRADSK PAVILON 203Praha: Vzdlenosti 204Praha: trasa A 206Praha: trasa B 208Specialista ve sprv fondu nemovitost 209Praha: trasa C 210Seznam SC, RP aOD vPraze 212ARKDY Pankrc 216Avion Shopping Park Praha 217GALERIE BUTOVICE 218CL Praha 219CENTRUM ERN MOST 220ERN MOST extension 221DBK 222Nov ikov 223EDEN 224EUROPARK 225

FASHION ARENA outlet centre 226GALERIE FNIX 227GALERIE HARFA 228CENTRUM CHODOV 229SC LETANY 230METROPOLE Zlin 232Nkupn centrum PRHONICE 233Novodvorsk PLAZA 234NOV SMCHOV 235PALC FLRA 236PALLADIUM 237PARK HOSTIVA 238RP estlice 239SPEKTRUM PRHONICE 240ESTKA 241Stedoesk kraj 242INTERSPAR Mlad Boleslav 245BONDY CENTRUM 246OLYMPIA Mlad Boleslav 247NA RADOUI 248FUTURUM Koln 249CENTRAL Kladno 250NC OAZA Kladno 251esk Budjovice 252ERN PELIKN 254TYI DVORY 255GKO esk Budjovice 256IGY CENTRUM 257Transportation/Shopping centre MERCURY 2584 DVORY 259Jihoesk kraj 260RP Psek 262Plze 263AREA Bory 264ARNA Plze 265GALERIE DVOK 266BORSK POLE 267OLYMPIA Plze 268Plze PLAZA 269RONDEL Plze 270OC Plze 271Plzesk kraj 272KODOVKA 273Karlovy Vary 274VARYDA 276FONTNA 277Karlovarsk kraj 278MICHAL 279DRAGOUN 280PIVOVAR Cheb 281st nad Labem 282SC st nad Labem 283FORUM st nad Labem 284SC Veboice 285steck kraj 286MSTSK CENTRUM Teplice 288

5Contents

Contents | english

Regions 3Contents 5How to use Retail Book 2010 9Historical context 11Not just goods but also ideas on trading routes 13Aquick, brief look at the evolution of business 15Mail-order business 16The Czechoslovakian retail sector after 1918 19Retail in Communist Czechoslovakia 21Mobile shops 22There are lawyers. And then there are lawyers. 25Overview of grocery tenants 29Hypermarkets 30Supermarkets 32Disconts 34Minimarkets 36The history of department stores 43Shopping centers 44Department stores 46Retail parks 48Overview of retail tenants 50DIY 52Bathroom & Kitchen stores 54Furniture stores 56Floor coverings 58Electro goods 60S Property Fund 63Importance of centre for the region 65Shopping centres for the regions 67New ECE centres 71The lowest management fees in the CR and SK 75Aunique recipe for growth 78The company Reflecta Development a.s. 81The Parking House 83Retail Development Led by CENTURY 21 85Competition for Real Stores 88Overview of retail tenants 90Fashion 94Footwear and leather goods 100Sports equipment and games 102Toys and games 106Book stores 108Jewellery & Accessories 110Opticians 114Cosmetics&Perfumery 116Chemists and supplements 118Drug stores 120Pet shops 122Convenience centre: Investor Stability 125How does the market look from the viewpoint of an administrator of 40 shopping centres? 131Curiosity and Marylance 135There is no need to introduce the company Cushman&Wakefield. 137

Sgc: Experience from Europe 139Where to shop? 141Outlets 145Outlet - The Secret of Modern Shopping 146Freeport 147FASHION ARENA outlet centre 148D1 OUTLET 149Entertainment 151Always something new in Tatralandia 153Multiplexes 154On Shopping Centre Battlefield 157Remodeling 159Food in the Main Role 163Interiors by Dara Rolins 164Daylight can increase turnover by 40% 167Comprehensive security solution 169The Precise People Counting. Effective Tool to Incease your Sales aCut Expenditures 171The Homeless Issue and Other Undesirables 173We Provide Other Facility Management 177TFN s.r.o.: ANew Look, the Same Tried and Tested Services 179The Shopping Centre of the Future for the Provision of the Services 183Professionals Providing Integrated Services with their own Resources 185Prague: Introduction 188Give yourself an Advantage over your Competitors 189The Golden Cross 190Na Pkop 14 192NA PKOP 193COPA CENTRUM Nrodn 194SLOVANSK DM 195BROADWAY 196ERN RE 197Nkupn galerie ATRIUM 198OD KOTVA 199MELANTRICH 200MYSLBEK 201MYK GALLERY 202VINOHRADSK PAVILON 203Prague: Distances 204Prague: line A 206Prague: line B 208Specialist Fund Manager of Retail Property 209Prague: line C 210List of SC, RP and DS in Prague 212ARKDY Pankrc 216Avion Shopping Park Praha 217GALERIE BUTOVICE 218CL Praha 219CENTRUM ERN MOST 220ERN MOST extension 221DBK 222

Nov ikov 223EDEN 224EUROPARK 225FASHION ARENA outlet centre 226GALERIE FNIX 227GALERIE HARFA 228CENTRUM CHODOV 229SC LETANY 230METROPOLE Zlin 232Nkupn centrum PRHONICE 233Novodvorsk PLAZA 234NOV SMCHOV 235PALC FLRA 236PALLADIUM 237PARK HOSTIVA 238RP estlice 239SPEKTRUM PRHONICE 240ESTKA 241Central Bohemia Region 242INTERSPAR Mlad Boleslav 245BONDY CENTRUM 246OLYMPIA Mlad Boleslav 247NA RADOUI 248FUTURUM Koln 249CENTRAL Kladno 250NC OAZA Kladno 251esk Budjovice 252ERN PELIKN 254TYI DVORY 255GKO esk Budjovice 256IGY CENTRUM 257Transportation/Shopping centre MERCURY 2584 DVORY 259South Bohemia Region 260RP Psek 262Plze 263AREA Bory 264ARNA Plze 265GALERIE DVOK 266BORSK POLE 267OLYMPIA Plze 268Plze PLAZA 269RONDEL Plze 270OC Plze 271Plze Region 272KODOVKA 273Karlovy Vary 274VARYDA 276FONTNA 277Karlovy Vary Region 278MICHAL 279DRAGOUN 280PIVOVAR Cheb 281st nad Labem 282SC st nad Labem 283

6OLYMPIA Teplice 289RP Teplice 290PIVOVAR Dn 291CENTRAL Most 292RP Most 293CHOMUTOVKA 294CENTRAL Chomutov 295Liberec 296RP Liberec II.fze 297FORUM Liberec 298GKO Liberec 299NISA Liberec 300Liberec PLAZA 301Libereck kraj 302CENTRAL Jablonec 303RNOVKA 304PARDA Shopping . Lpa 305Hradec Krlov 306ARKDY Hradec Krlov 308AUPARK Hradec krlov 309ATRIUM Hradec Krlov 310FUTURUM Hr. Krlov extension 311Rofox: Ten sprvn sprvce pro vai nemovitost 312EUROCENTER 313Krlovehradeck kraj 314RP JIN 315Pardubice 316GRAND pardubice 317AFI PALACE Pardubice 318FAMILY CENTRUM Pardubice 319Pardubick kraj 320Jihlava 322CITY PARK Jihlava 323Vysoina kraj 324Brno 326Brno: Vzdlenosti 328AUPARK Brno 331Avion Shopping Park Brno 332CAMPUS SQUARE 333FUTURUM Brno 334GALERIE VAKOVKA Brno 335SC Krlovo Pole 336VELK PALEK 337Jihomoravsk kraj 338PARDA Shopping Hodonn 340CUKROVAR 341Olomouc 342GALERIE MORITZ 344GALERIE ANTOVKA 345RP HAN 346SC HAN Olomouc 347OLOMOUC CITY 348OLYMPIA Olomouc 349Olomouck kraj 350PRIOR Perov 352PRIOR Prostjov 353Zln 354

EPKOV 355Rozen ve Zln 356CENTRO Zln 357PRIOR Zln 358ZLAT JABLKO 359Zlnsk kraj 360Ostrava 362Avion Shopping Park Ostrava 364CENTRO Ostrava 365FUTURUM Ostrava 366RP OSTRAVA 367GALERIE Ostrava 368GKO OSTRAVA 369Nkupn centrum Gko Ostrava-Poruba: Smrem klidem 370KAROLNA 372LASO 373NOV KAROLINA 374OSTRAVICA Ostrava 375Moravskoslezsk kraj 376AUPARK Karvin 379RP Frdek-Mstek 379PARDA Shopping Frdek-Mstek 380SC Frdek-Mstek 381SC Karvin 382SILESIA 383BREDA & WEINSTEIN 384CENTRAL Opava 385Bratislava 386BORY/Petralka City/Jun msto 388APOLLO BUSINESS CENTRE I. 390APOLLO BUSINESS CENTRE II. 390ATRIUM 392AUPARK Bratislava 393Avion Shopping Park Bratislava 394CETRL Bratislava 395GALRIA CUBICON 396DANUBIA 397EUROVEA 398GALRIA Bratislava-Lama 399POLUS CITY CENTER 400SARATOV Bratislava 401SHOPPING PALACE Zlat Piesky 402TWIN CITY 403Bratislavsk kraj 404amorn 405MLO Pezinok 406D1 OUTLET 407Trnava 408MAX Trnava 409ARKDIA Shopping Park 410GALRIA Trnava 411TRNAVA PARK 412Trnavsk kraj 414AUPARK Pieany 416RP Dunajsk Streda 417GALRIA Dunajsk Streda 418MAX Dunajsk Streda 419

MAX Skalica 420RP Hlohovec 421Trenn 422MAX Trenn 423AUPARK Trenn 424LAUGARICIO 425Trennsk kraj 426ilina 428TADIN ilina 429AUPARK ilina 430DUBE ilina 431MAX ilina 432MIRAGE 433ilinsk kraj 434AUPARK Ruomberok 436Nalezen sport vprovozu objektu? SUPI! 436TULIP CENTER 437JASNA SHOPPING CITY 438LIPTOV 439Nitra 440GALRIA MLYNY 441Discovery Group na Slovensku 442CENTRO Nitra 443GALRIA Nitra 444MAX Nitra 445Nitransk kraj 446AQUARIO Nov Zmky 448AQUARIO trovo 449EUROPA Levice 450Bansk Bystrica 451EUROPA Bansk Bystrica 452EUROPA Bansk Bystrica II. 453Banskobystrick kraj 454EUROPA Zvolen 456ZVOLEN RETAIL PARK 457RP Rimavsk Sobota 458Preov 459ZOC MAX Preov 460RP Preov 461Preovsk kraj 462FORUM Poprad 464FORUM Preov 464MAX Poprad 465Koice 466Koick kraj 467AUPARK Koice 468CASSOVIA Koice 469GALRIA Koice 470OPTIMA Koice 471MADARAS 472ZEMPLN 473Rejstk 474Tir 478

7FORUM st nad Labem 284SC Veboice 285st nad Labem Region 286MSTSK CENTRUM Teplice 288OLYMPIA Teplice 289RP Teplice 290PIVOVAR Dn 291CENTRAL Most 292RP Most 293CHOMUTOVKA 294CENTRAL Chomutov 295Liberec 296RP Liberes Phase II 297FORUM Liberec 298GKO Liberec 299NISA Liberec 300Liberec PLAZA 301Liberec Region 302CENTRAL Jablonec 303RNOVKA 304PARDA Shopping . Lpa 305Hradec Krlov 306ARKDY Hradec Krlov 308AUPARK Hradec krlov 309ATRIUM Hradec Krlov 310FUTURUM Hr. Krlov extension 311Rofox: The Right Manager for your Property 312 Hradec Krlov Region 314Pardubice 316GRAND pardubice 317AFI PALACE Pardubice 318FAMILY CENTRUM Pardubice 319Pardubice Region 320Jihlava 322CITY PARK Jihlava 323Vysoina Region 324Brno 326Brno: Distances 328AUPARK Brno 331Avion Shopping Park Brno 332CAMPUS SQUARE 333FUTURUM Brno 334GALERIE VAKOVKA Brno 335SC Krlovo Pole 336VELK PALEK 337South Moravia Region 338PARDA Shopping Hodonn 340CUKROVAR 341Olomouc 342GALERIE MORITZ 344GALERIE ANTOVKA 345RP HAN 346SC HAN Olomouc 347OLOMOUC CITY 348OLYMPIA Olomouc 349Olomouc Region 350PRIOR Perov 352

PRIOR Prostjov 353Zln 354EPKOV 355Extension in Zln 356CENTRO Zln 357PRIOR Zln 358ZLAT JABLKO 359Zln Region 360Ostrava 362Avion Shopping Park Ostrava 364CENTRO Ostrava 365FUTURUM Ostrava 366RP OSTRAVA 367GALERIE Ostrava 368GKO OSTRAVA 369Gko Shopping Centre in Ostrava Poruba: The Way to People 371KAROLNA 372LASO 373NOV KAROLINA 374OSTRAVICA Ostrava 375Moravian-Sileasian Region 376AUPARK Karvin 379RP Frdek-Mstek 379PARDA Shopping Frdek-Mstek 380SC Frdek-Mstek 381SC Karvin 382SILESIA 383BREDA & WEINSTEIN 384CENTRAL Opava 385Bratislava 386BORY/Petralka City/Jun msto 388APOLLO BUSINESS CENTRE I. 390APOLLO BUSINESS CENTRE II. 390ATRIUM 392AUPARK Bratislava 393Avion Shopping Park Bratislava 394CETRL Bratislava 395GALRIA CUBICON 396DANUBIA 397EUROVEA 398GALRIA Bratislava-Lama 399POLUS CITY CENTER 400SARATOV Bratislava 401SHOPPING PALACE Zlat Piesky 402TWIN CITY 403Bratislava Region 404amorn 405MLO Pezinok 406D1 OUTLET 407Trnava 408MAX Trnava 409ARKDIA Shopping Park 410GALRIA Trnava 411TRNAVA PARK 412Trnava Region 414AUPARK Pieany 416

RP Dunajsk Streda 417GALRIA Dunajsk Streda 418MAX Dunajsk Streda 419MAX Skalica 420RP Hlohovec 421Trenn 422MAX Trenn 423AUPARK Trenn 424LAUGARICIO 425Trenn Region 426ilina 428TADIN ilina 429AUPARK ilina 430DUBE ilina 431MAX ilina 432MIRAGE 433ilina Region 434AUPARK Ruomberok 436Finding Savings of the Facility Operation? SUPI! 436TULIP CENTER 437JASNA SHOPPING CITY 438LIPTOV 439Nitra 440GALRIA MLYNY 441Discovery Group in Slovakia 442CENTRO Nitra 443GALRIA Nitra 444MAX Nitra 445Nitra Region 446AQUARIO Nov Zmky 448AQUARIO trovo 449EUROPA Levice 450Bansk Bystrica 451EUROPA Bansk Bystrica 452EUROPA Bansk Bystrica II. 453Bansk Bystrica Region 454EUROPA Zvolen 456ZVOLEN RETAIL PARK 457RP Rimavsk Sobota 458Preov 459ZOC MAX Preov 460RP Preov 461Preov Region 462FORUM Poprad 464FORUM Preov 464MAX Poprad 465Koice 466Koice region 467AUPARK Koice 468CASSOVIA Koice 469GALRIA Koice 470OPTIMA Koice 471MADARAS 472ZEMPLN 473Index 474Imprint 478

8vod/

introd

uctio

n VoD | introDuCtion

Jak pouvat Retail Book 2010Ven teni,

Cel tm Retail Booku se snail vytvoit co nejvce pehlednou a kompletn publikaci o retailovm trhu esk a Slovensk re-publiky. Kad souhrn informac v titn verzi Retail Booku jsme sestavili do tabulky, kter uvd mapovou podobu infor-mac shromdnch k datu 30.11.2010. Prbn aktualizovan pehled vech informac naleznete na www.retailbook.cz.

PehleD njemC

Pehled njemc zahrnuje vechny, kte se objevuj v eskch a slovenskch shopping centrech a maj vce ne pt obchodnch jednotek v rmci jedn znaky. Jednotliv njemci jsou rozazeni podle sortimentu, ppadn v rmci jednoho sortimentu podle potu obchod v sti.

PehleD existujCCh iPlnoVanCh shoPPing Center

Souhrn vech existujcch i plnovanch shopping center, retail park, obchodnch dom a hypermarket s pas naleznete v rmci celorepublikovho pehledu, detailnji pak na map kraje i map krajskho msta.

Kad existujc shopping centrum je popsno na celostrnkov kart. Status new je uveden u vech projekt postavench a otevench po roce 1990. Svou vlastn kartu maj i ty plno-van projekty, o kterch lze poskytnout dostatek informac.

PROFESSIONALS s.r.o je nezvisl realitn-poradensk spolenost poskytujc sv sluby

ji od roku 1993.

Nae sluby jsou zameny na oblasti: Administrativn budovy

Skladov a vrobn prostory Obchodn prostory

Investice Przkumy trhu

Sluby poskytujeme pro: Vlastnky Njemce Investory

PROFESSIONALS s.r.o. is an independent real estate consulting company providing

its services since 1993.

Our services are focused to a fields of: Office buildings

Industrial premises Retail

Investment Market research

We provide the services to: Landlords Tenants Investors

V Celnici 1031/4, CZ-110 00 Prague 1T.: +420 224 934 680, F.: +420 224 934 982

www.professionals.cz

9VoD | introDuCtion

How to use Retail Book 2010Dear reaDers,

The entire Retail Book team has tried to create the most com-prehensive and complete publication about the retail market in the Czech and Slovak republics. All summary information in the printed version of Retail Book is presented in tables given in map form and compiled as of 30 November 2010. A con-tinuously updated survey of all the information is available at www.retailbook.cz.

surVey of tenants

All tenants of Czech and Slovak shopping centers with more than five business units under one brand have been included in the survey. Individual tenants are categorized according to the product line, or for one product line according to the number of stores in the chain.

surVey of existing anD PlanneD shoPPing Centers

A summary of all existing and planned shopping centers, retail parks, supermarkets and hypermarkets with malls can be found in the nationwide survey, with more details available in the map for the region or for the regional seat.

Each existing shopping center is described in a full-page card. The designation of new is given for all projects built and opened after 1990. Even planned projects have their own card if it was possible to obtain sufficient information about them.

Poskytujeme jin facility management str. 176We Provide other facility management Pg. 176

www.transferenergy.cz

[RB]

10

Odhadovan poet pepravovanch ot-rok/ Estimate number of human cargo

obdob/period poet/number

1450 - 1600 367 000

1601 - 1700 1 868 000

1701 - 1800 6 133 000

1801 - 1900 3 330 000

0

1 mil.

2 mil.

3 mil.

4 mil.

5 mil.

6 mil.

7 mil.

8 mil.

180119003 330 000 os.

170118006 133 000 os.

160117001 868 000 os.

14501600367 000 os.

Tyto kupeck osady vznikaly na ms-tech dnench mst, jako jsou Praha,

Lovosice, Hradec Krlov, ezno, Pasov, Bratislava nebo opro. Z nich postupn vznikala msta, kter vak mla a do stedovku spe charakter dnen vesnice. K historicky prvnmu velkmu rozmachu obchodu dolo na eskoslovenskm ze-m v sedmm stolet za Smovy e, kdy v ele kmen stanul kupec Smo.Kolem roku 1 200 odbornci odhaduj zhru-ba sto eskch mst, zhruba dv st mst polskch a ti sta mst uherskch. Jejich rozmach souvisel pedevm s udlenm prva podat trh. obChoDn sPojen steDoVKu

Od ranho stedovku mli kupci pede-psanou cestu vetn povinnch zastvek ve mstech a msta, kter nesmli minout pod trestem propadnut zbo a vzen. Kupci nemli jednoduch ivot, krom zloinc se museli potkat v tto dob i s crkevnmi hodnosti.

Aby se obchodn spojen usnadnila a ob-chod se stal pravidelnj, stabilnj a hlavn bezpenj, zaali se kupci zhy spojovat do zvltnch zjmovch spole-enstv. Ta se nazvala gilda ve Vlmsku, Flandrech a Francii, v Nmecku hanza.Nmeck hanza v ele se severonmec-km pstavnm mstem Lbeck ovldla prakticky cel obchod s evropskm severo-vchodem. Hanza sdruovala kolem sto pa-desti nmeckch mst jak v samotn i, tak i na baltskm pobe, jako napklad Reval (dnen Tallin) i Rigu. Dky obchodu vznamn bohatla tak italsk msta jako je Janov nebo Bentky. Bentky, Janov, Miln a Florencie byla ve stedovku tak jedin msta s potem obyvatel nad hranic 100 000. Tehdy mlo jen velmi mlo mst vce ne 10 000 oby-vatel. Malmu potu obyvatel odpovdala i nevelk rozloha mst. Mal msta se roz-kldala na ploe zhruba kolem 20 hektar, velkomsta byla vt ne 50 ha. Rozlohou

byl nejvtm mstem Konstantinopol, na zpad kontinentu byly nejrozlehlejmi msty Pa a od zaloen Novho Msta tak Praha. Dokonce i samotn Nov Ms-to prask bylo jednou z vbec nejvtch lokac tehdej doby. Vdy jen jedno z jeho t nmst, Dobyt trh dnen Karlovo nmst, m tm polovin rozlohu pr-mrnho stedovkho mstaPrmt historie Do souasnosti

Dnen shopping centra jsou v podstat stle jen obdobou tyi tisce let starch trh a jako ony stav na kumulaci produkt. Dnes vak dvj regulace mnostv trh udlovnm prva trhy podat vymize-la, respektive trn mechanismy tuto roli nepebraly. Kvli zmn zpsobu dopra-vy shopping centra nestoj v pirozench uzlech pohybu pch obyvatel a ne vdy je tomu dobe.

historick ko

ntex

t

Nechceme vdNm ppad Na strNkch retail Booku piNet rozshl historick NeBo ekoNomick rozBory Na tma oBchodu. chceme pro plNost uvst Nkter souvislosti, Napklad to, e pes esk asloveNsk zem u vpravku vedly oBchodN stezky. Na jejich kiovatkch atam, kde Bylo NutN pekoNvat terNN pekky, vzNikala prvN oBchodN ceNtra.

HistoRick kontext

Historicky nejvnosnj obchodhistoricky jeden znejvnosnjch obchod byl ten sotroky. zaalo se ze zpadnho pobe afriky, odkud se otroci vyveli spolu scukrovou ttinou do stedomo ajin ameriky. vdruh polovin 10. stolet byla praha jednm zvelkch center obchodu sotroky. stalo se to dky obsa-zen karpatsk kotliny maary, kvli ktermu se pesunula mezinrodn obchodn cesta pes cel evropsko-asijsk kontinent na linii kyjev - praha.

[RB]

11

historical context

These merchant settlements formed on the locations of todays cities like

Prague, Lovosice, Hradec Krlov, Regens-burg, Passau, Bratislava, and Sopron. Cities gradually arose in these places, although they rather had the character of villag-es up until the Middle Ages. Historically the first major expansion of trade in the Czech and Slovak lands took place in the seventh century during the rule of Great Moravian Empire, when the tribes here were led by a merchant named Samo.

Experts estimate that there were around one hundred Czech cities around the year 1200, about two hundred in Poland and three hundred in Hungary. The expansion of cities was mostly due to the granting of rights to organize local markets.

CommerCial linKs During the miDDle ages

From the early Middle Ages, merchants were assigned a route, including mandatory stops in cities and those cities they were not al-lowed to pass under penalty of forfeiture of their goods and prison time. Merchants did not lead an easy life, for in this time they had to contend with church officials in addition to criminals. To facilitate business contacts, trade became more regular, stable and most of all safer. Merchants soon began to join forces to cre-

ate special leagues. In Flanders and France they were called guilds, in Germany hansa.The German hansa, led by the North German port city of Lbeck, dominated virtually all trade with northeast Europe. This Hanseatic league brought together about one hundred and fifty German cities to create an empire in itself, as well as cities on the Baltic coast, like Reval (todays Tallinn) and Riga. Thanks to trade, Italian cities like Genoa or Venice also grew fantastically rich.

Venice, Genoa, Milan and Florence were the only cities in the Middle Ages to have over 100,000 inhabitants. At that time only a few cities had more than 10,000 people. Such small populations corresponded to the small areas of these cities, which were situated on areas of 20 hectares. A large city usually had an area of more than 50 hectares. In terms of size the largest city was Constan-tinople, in the west the larger cities were Paris and, after the establishment of New Town, Prague. New Town by itself was one of the largest locations of its time: indeed, just one of its three squares Livestock Market (todays Charles Square) is almost half the size of the average medieval town.

ProjeCting history into the Present

Todays shopping centres are still basically a form of markets that go back four thousand

years and were built on the accumulation of products. The difference today, however, is the earlier regulation of markets by confer-ring rights to hold them has disappeared, or rather they have not been assumed in the modern age. Due to changes in tranation, shopping centres are no longer located at natural crossroads for pedestrian traffic and that is not always a good thing.

it is Not our iNteNtioN to coNduct aN exteNsive historic or ecoNomic aNalysis oN the suBject of BusiNe-ss iN the pages of retail Book. We Would merely like to provide some coNtext for completeNess, like for example that tradiNg routes raN through the czech aNd slovak laNds duriNg prehistoric times. it Was at their crossroads aNd at places Where it Was Necessary to overcome Natural oBstacles that the first shoppiNg ceNtres spraNg up.

HistoRical context

Historically, the most profitable businesshistorically, one of the most pro-fitable businesses was the slave trade. it started from the west coast of africa, where slaves were exported from along with sugar cane to the mediterranean and south america. in the second half of the 10th cen-tury, prague was one of the major centres of the slave trade thanks to the occupation of the carpa-thian Basin by the hungarians, which moved the international trade route across the euro-asian continent to the kiev prague line.

[RB]

12

stezka

mi p

roud

ilo nejen

zbo

, ale im

ylenk

y

heDVbn stezKa

Jedna z nejstarch dlouho fungujcch stezek byla Hedvbn stezka, obchodn spojnice mezi nou a Zpadem. Zznamy o innosti na tto stezce sahaj do doby kolem roku 1 000 p. n. l.Nejdleitj silnice petrvvaly z doby msk a do pozdnho stedovku. Hlavn obchodn trasy smovaly z Hamburku pes Mohu a Basilej do Itlie, s odnoemi v-chodnm smrem pes Magdeburk, Pozna a Kyjev a zpadnm smrem pes Koln nad Rnem, Pa, Bordeaux do Hispnie.jantaroV stezKa

Jantarov stezka je jednou z nejstarch a zrove nejznmjch obchodnch ste-zek. U v dob msk vedla od Baltu (kon-krtn od st Visly) Moravskou brnou do Carnuntumu (u Vdn). Pozdji se jantar vozil z nalezi na pobe Severnho a Baltskho moe po Visle a Dn-pru, do Itlie, ecka, k ernmu moi i do Egypta.zlat stezKa

Zlat stezka je souhrnn nzev pro sys-tm severojinch obchodnch cest vetn Dunajsk vodn cesty. Stezka se vyuvala od pravku s mrnm padkem v dob husitskch vlek a do ticetilet vlky, kter provoz stezky v podstat ukonila. Nzev Zlat stezka se objevuje a potkem 16. stolet jako vraz mimodn vnos-nosti obchodu, kter na n probhal.zlat Cesta VeChCh

Karel IV. se snail poslit ekonomiku eskch zem a pivst mezinrodn obchod do geo-graficky uzavench ech. Jako st zam-

len dlkov obchodn cesty vznikla za jeho vldy tzv. Zlat cesta. Mla ku 2,5 m, byla dldn a umoovala formanskou dopravu na kupeckch nkladnch vozech. Clem Karla IV. bylo oslabit vznam obchod-n cesty vedouc z Kolna nad Rnem pes Drany na Krakov a Kyjev novou obchod-n cestou z Porn na Norimberk do Prahy a Brna, do Vratislavi a dle na Krakov a Ky-jev ppadn pes Bratislavu do Uher. Mimo jin byly posilovny pm cesty, jako je spojnice Prahy a Bentek.Zlat cesta pinesla oblastem, ktermi prochzela, nebval ekonomick roz-kvt, napklad sdlm Prachatice, Volary, Waldkirchen nebo Pasov. Prachaticemi tehdy prochzelo a 1 200 soumarskch kon tdn a pivezlo se tam vce ne 3 miliony litr soli ron. Provoz na stezce musel bt dokonce regulovn specilnm soumarskm dem.

stezkami pRoudilo neJen zBo, ale imylenky

Hedvbn a Jantarov stezka/ Silk road and Amber trail

nejvt dovozn artikldo naich kraj se u vpravku dovela sl. odhady odborn-k kaj, e ron se import soli pohyboval vdu stovek tun. to vpravkch podmnkch pedsta-vovalo denn zhruba 4 vozy, vhra-ninch pohoch spe karavanu 1020 soumar alidsk doprovod minimln 4 osob. lod mly vt kapacitu ne vozy asoumai, ale vzhledem kabsenci pramen nen uren pesn poet lod.

vpravku se do stedu evropy dovely krom soli iozdoby ze skla, zbronzu (m acn), kera-mika atd. keltsk dlny toti mly vrazn rukopis ad se idnes vy-sledovat, kam a se vrobky do-staly. obchodovan pedmty ani stezky nedoznaly velkch zmn, a zem spadalo do galie nebo bylo ovldno eky i many. ivestedovku byla sl hlavnm obchodnm artiklem.

[RB]

13

not just goods but also

ideas on trading routes

ideas & goods flowed along tHe tRading Routes

silK roaD

One of the oldest working routes was the Silk Road, the commercial link be-tween China and the West. The records of activities on this trail go back to before 1,000 B. C.The main roads survived from the Roman era until the late Middle Ages. The main trade routes ran from Hamburg via Mainz and Basel to Italy, with offshoots in an easterly direction through Magdeburg, Poznan and Kiev, and westerly through Cologne, Paris and Bordeaux to Spain.

amber trail

The Amber Trail is one of the oldest and most famous trading routes. Starting in the Roman era, it led from the Baltics (specifically from the mouth of the Vistula) through the Moravian Gate to Carnuntum (near Vienna). Later, the Amber Trail ran from sites on the coast of the North Sea and Baltic Sea

through the Vistula and Dnieper, to Italy, Greece, to the Black Sea and to Egypt.

golDen Path

The Golden Path is the collective name for the system of North-South trade routes including the Danube waterway. The path had been in use since prehistoric times with a slight decline occurring between the Hussite Wars and the Thirty Years War, when traffic on the path for all intents and purposes ended. The name Golden Path did not appear until the beginning of the 16th century and reflected the ex-traordinary profitability of the business conducted over it.

golDen Way in bohemia

Charles IV tried to strengthen the economy of the Czech lands and bring international trade to geographically restricted Bohe-mia. As part of a planned longdistance trading route, the so-called Golden Way was developed during his reign. It had

a width of 2.5 m, was paved and enabled wagon caravans for commercial expedi-tions.The aim of Charles IV was to weaken the importance of the trading route leading from Cologne through Dresden to Krakow and Kiev with a new trading route running from the Rhineland through Nuremberg to Prague and Brno, to Wroclaw and further on to Krakow and Kiev, perhaps also via Bratislava to Hungary. It was also meant to strengthen direct links like the one con-necting Prague and Venice.The Golden Way brought an unprec-edented economic boom to the areas it ran through, for example the settlements of Prachatice, Volary, Waldkirchen and Passau. Up to 1,200 pack horses passed through Prachatice weekly, bringing more than three million litres of salt an-nually. The traffic on the trail even had to be regulated by special regulations for pack animals.

the biggest import itemsalt had been imported to our region since prehistoric times. experts estimate that the import of salt per year was several hundred tons. under prehistoric conditions, that represented approximately 4 carts daily, with appro-ximately 10 20 pack animals and at least four people in the caravans in the mountainous region along the border. ships had agreater capacity than carts and pack animals, but due to the lack of reliable sources, the exact number of ships cannot be determined.

in addition to salt, ornaments made of glass, bronze (cop-per and tin), pottery, etc., were being imported to central europe in prehistoric times. celtic workshops had their own distinct mark and therefore it is possible today to trace where these products ended up. Neither the tra-ded goods nor the trails underwent any major changes, whether the region was in gaul or controlled by greeks or romans. even in the middle ages, salt was amajor article of trade

[RB]

14

Vvoj o

bcho

du

rychle astrun

vvoj oBchodu NeproBhal vhistorii tak, e By jedNa forma Byla NahrazeNa jiNou. kad Nov podoBa oBchodu spektrum moNost pedevm roziovala, piem pvodN forma Nezmizela. dokladem je ifakt, e vdoBch krize se spoleNost vrac kprost NaturlN smN.

vvoJ oBcHodu RycHle astRun

Ilustran foto/Illustrational photo

Prvn obchod zaal vznikat na rozhran rodov a otroksk spolenosti po od-

dlen emesel od zemdlstv a mst od vesnic. Obchod i smna (nzory na pes-nou formulaci se rzn), se zaal formo-vat dlbou prce. Souasn vak vznikalo i zprostedkovn obchodu, kter zajio-valo smnu zbo mezi mstem a vesnic, mezi jednotlivmi vrobci a mezi vrobci a panovnkem.

babylonsK e

Za prvopotek obchodu, mstnho i me-zinrodnho, se povauje Babylonsk e. Babylonsk principy obchodu dan psem-n v obchodnm zkonku jsou star pes 4 000 let. Vrobky, kter si nekoupil pa-novnk, se prodvaly na trhu. Jednalo se o zbo mstn, ale i dovezen dky tzv. van-drovnmu obchodu. Za zmnku stoj fakt, e Babylan pouvali penze - ven kusy stbra oznaen znakami panovnk. Ji tehdy fungoval napklad prodej na spltky, pjky vetn rok apod.

Pr KroK zPt VobChoDu

V 58. stolet se pozastavil vvoj obchodu v cel Evrop, nebo naturln hospod-stv feudlnho panstv redukovalo vech-ny potebn vrobky pouze pro panov-nka a poddan. Trvalo adu stolet, ne se obchod znovu rozvinul. Obchod jako

takov nepodporovala ani crkev, protoe obchodovn v podob poskytovn v-r a rokovn vru bylo povaovno za hch a crkevn hodnosti pouvali termn tzv. nekesanskch penz. Pliv luxusnho zbo pro feudln pny, a tm optovn vzken mezinrodn v-mny, zpsobily a kick vpravy a ob-chodn spojen Orientu s Evropou.

objeVy 15. stolet aVVoj sPolenost

Zmosk objevy pinesly rozen sorti-mentu a i dky tomu dolo k vraznmu zven obratu. S rstem objemu zbo bylo spojeno zastupovn v obchodn innosti. Obchodnk se z asovch dvod nemohl sm vzdalovat z msta obchodu a tak za-nal vyslat svho zamstnance na obchodn cesty. Pozdji se zaaly objevovat i obchod-n kancele, tzv. kontory. Dky snaze pe-nst riziko z obchodu na vce osob zaaly vznikat obchodn spolenosti. Mezi prvn obchodn spolenost pat nmon spojen: rejda, kapitn, mustvo a cestujc kupec. Podleli se na nkladech cesty a dopedu si urovali rozdlen zisku. Spoluprci v ob-chod znamenala i tzv. komenda, kdy je-den kupec zajioval nkup zbo a druh ml na starosti jeho odbyt.

Zaaly vznikat prvn akciov spolenosti a zaal se rozdlovat trh. Anglick Mos-

kevsk obchodn spolenost, kter vznikla v roce 1576, mla monopol na obchodovn na ruskm severu, africk spolenost vznik-l v roce 1588, se zabvala obchodem s ot-roky, holandsk Vchodoindick spolenost zaloen v roce 1612 se starala o obchod s Indi, Vchodn spolenost ovldala ob-chod Anglie s Pobaltm, Skandinvii apod.

Na pelomu 18.19. stolet se ji pln zfor-movalo klasick rozdlen obchodu na velkoobchod a maloobchod. Maloobchod podomn a stl se jet rozdloval na for-mln kolonil a kramsk.

[RB]

15

aquick, brief look at the evolution of business

the evolutioN of BusiNess did Not take place iN the form of oNe method BeiNg replaced By aNother. every NeW form of BusiNess Was primarily aN expaNsioN of the raNge of opportuNities, While the origiNal form of it did Not disappear. this is attested to By the fact that duriNg periods of crisis, the society reverts Back to simple Barter.

aquick, BRief look at tHe evolution of Business

The first vestiges of business occurred between clannish and slave societies

after agriculture spawned craftsmanship and villages developed into cities. Business or barter (opinions vary on the exact formula-tion) led to a division of labor. Brokering also sprung up at this time as a means of carrying out the barter of goods between cities and villages, among individual producers, and between producers and the ruler.

the babylonian emPire

The Babylonian empire can be considered the cradle of business, both local and in-ternational. Babylonian principles of trade

were inscribed in a commercial code more than 4,000 years ago. Products that were not bought by the ruler were sold on the market. They were local products for sure, but also some imported ones thanks to the journeymans trade. It is worth noting that the Babylonians used money weighted pieces of silver minted with the rulers in-signia. This allowed for such business as installments, loans with interest, etc.

business taKes afeW stePs baCKWarDs

The evolution of business came to a halt throughout all of Europe between the fifth and eighth centuries thanks to feudalism, whereby the subsistence farming of the feudal estates scaled down all necessary products for consumption only by the feudal lord and his subjects. It took many centu-ries before trade was revived. The church played no part in it because the business of providing loans with interest was considered a sin, with church officials using the term un-Christian money. The influx of luxury goods for feudal lords and the resurgence of international ex-change came about as the result of the Crusades and the establishment of trade links between Europe and the Orient.

DisCoVeries of the 15th Century anD the rise of the ComPany

Overseas discoveries increased the range of goods, thereby resulting in a significant

increase in turnover. The growing volume of goods made representation in business matters essential. The merchant simply could not afford to be away from his place of busi-ness for so long and so began to send his employees on regular business trips. Later he began to explore the use of the kontor, or business office. In an attempt to spread the risk of trade among more people, companies began to emerge. The first companies were maritime in nature: the ship owner, the captain, crew and passengers. They shared in the cost of the trip and determined the division of profits in advance. Cooperation in trade led to the development of komenda, whereby one merchant was responsible for purchasing goods and another for sell-ing them. The first joint stock companies began to appear and divide up the market. The Mus-covite English Trading Company, formed in 1576, had a monopoly on business in the Russian North; the African Company cre-ated in 1588 profited from the slave trade; founded in 1612, the Dutch East India Com-pany oversaw business with India, while the Eastern Company dominated English trade with the Baltic and Scandinavia.

At the turn of the 18th19th century, com-mercial trade was completely divided into wholesale and retail sectors. Retail remained a door-to-door affair and was further divided into general stores and grocers.

[RB]

16

zsilkov

ob

chod

ma il-o

rder business

zsilkov oBcHod

mail-oRdeR Business

Prvn zsilkov katalog byl vytitn v Bentkch roku 1498 a jeho nabdka se skldala z 15 vytitnch text. Za jeden

z prvnch modernch katalog je povaovn katalog pro zsilkov prodej vyroben v Pai roku 1865. Historicky nejznmj americkou zsilkovou firmou byla Mont-gomery Ward. Na konci 19. stolet nabzel Wardv katalog na 244 stranch tm 1 000 produkt. Nicmn pro Evropany je pojem zsilkov obchod spe QUELLE, kter zaloil roku 1922 nmeck obchodnk Gustav Schickedanz. V eskoslovensku se zsilkov obchod rozvjel po 2. svtov vl-ce. Koncem 60. let u ns fungovaly zsilkov obchodn domy se spotebnm zbom Magnet Pardubice a Dona Prostjov.souasnost

Dnes je zsilkov obchod spe na stupu. Dominantn v tomto oboru krom klasickch odvnch katalog s pidruenmi dom-cmi potebami jsou zahradnick katalogy. Roli ve popsanch klasickch katalog pebrali de facto letky jednotlivch etzc a samozejm internet.

The first mail-order catalog was created in Venice in 1498, consisting of offers printed in 15 texts. One of the first modern

mail-order catalogs was produced in Paris in 1865.

Historically, the most famous American mail-order company was Montgomery Ward. At the end of 19th century, the Ward catalog offered nearly 1,000 products on 244 pages. For Europeans, the concept of the mail-order business was represented by Quelle, which was founded in 1922 by German businessman Gustav Schickedanz.

The mail-order business in Czechoslovakia was developed after World War II. At the end of the 1960s, the mail-order houses offer-ing consumer goods were Magnet Pardubice and Dona Prostjov.

Present Day

Today the mail-order business is on the decline. In addition to traditional clothing catalogs with associated domestic goods, gar-dening catalogs have become dominant in this field. The role of the conventional catalogs above has been taken over de facto by leaflets distributed by individual chains and of course by the internet.

Ilustran foto/Illustrational photo

17

Gleeds R je poradenskou (konzultantskou) firmou zajiujc irok rozsah slueb investorm pi pprav a realizaci stavebnch projekt. Disponuje kvalifikovanmi odbornmi tmy s domc i zahranin zkuenost. Je nositelem klovch certifikt pro garanci kvality poskytovanch slueb. V naem referennm portfoliu jsou vznamn stavby obchodnch center, multifunknch komplex, bytovch a administrativnch budov, vdeckovzkumnch center, vrobnch i logistickch objekt. Nae sluby vyuvaj investoi, developei, banky i subjekty veejnho sektoru.

Nae sluby ochrauj vae zjmy, sniuj rizika vstavby a spolu s vmi pebrme odpovdnost za vynaloen nklady.

Gleeds CZ is an advisory (consulting) firm providing a wide range of services to investors in the preparation and implementation of construction projects. It has qualified teams of professionals with domestic and international experience. It holds key certificates that guarantee the quality of its services. Our reference portfolio includes major construction projects for shopping centers, multi-purpose complexes, apartment and office buildings, science and research centers, and manufacturing and logistics facilities. Our services are used by investors, developers, banks and entities in the public sector.

Our services protect your interests, reduce the risks associated with construction, and together with you we assume responsibility for the costs incurred.

Investin poradce | Investment advisor20 let zkuenost s vstavbou objekt v R a SR | 20 years experience in building construction in CZ and SR

Vy potebujete My zajiujeMe Zastupovn v procesu ppravy a realizace stavby

Zpracovn cenovch a nkladovch expertz

Sestaven dcch rozpot a harmonogram

Aktivn souinnost pi stanoven podmnek a poadavk na generlnho zhotovitele stavby

Zajitn plnu vstavby a sledovn jejho prbhu z hlediska termn, kvality a nklad

Hodnocen rizik a zpsobu jejich eliminace

Poradenstv pi zajitn hospodrnho provozu dokonen stavby

you need we proVide Representation in the process of preparing and carrying out construction

Processing cost and pricing expertise

Creating budgets and schedules

Actively involved in determining the conditions and requirements for the general contractor

Ensuring the construction plan is carried out and monitoring its course in terms of deadlines, quality and cost

Risk assessment and means for eliminating them

Advice on ensuring the efficient operation of the completed structure

Gleeds esk republika, s.r.o. | Konviktsk 30 | 110 00 Praha 1 | Tel: +420 222 899 111 | Fax: +420 224 236 888 | e-mail: vladimir.bily@gleeds.czOrganizan zloka Gleeds Slovensko | City Point Passage | Vysok 26 | 811 06 Bratislava | Tel: +421 2 5292 2320 | Fax: +421 2 5292 2341

e-mail: vladimir.bily@gleeds.cz | e-mail: kamil.bado@gleeds.sk

[PR]

[RB]

18

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

Obchodn s Poet obchod

prask 24,360

liberecko-jabloneck 7,139

brnnsk 8,111

severo. hndouheln 11,468

zpadoesk 7,868

plzesk 3,641

severo. textiln sklsk 4,063

textiln severovch. ech 4,890

ostravsk 7,219

za prvN repuBliky Byl oBecN oBchod velmi rozviNut. malooBchod provozovaly koNcesovaN oB-chodN ivNosti, prodejNy koNzumNch drustev atovrN prodejNy, oBchodN domy azsilkov oBchod.

eskoslovensk malooBcHod po Roce 1918

Obchodn ivnosti organizovan do ob-chodnch spolk tvoily v maloobchodu

nejpoetnj skupinu. Typick byl pro n tzv. krmsk obchod. V eskch zemch v takovch obchodech pracovaly prmr-n dv osoby. V maloobchodu se nijak vrazn nerozvi-nula forma fililkovch obchod. Pokud fililkov obchody existovaly, zabvaly se nejvce distribuc dovenho kolonilnho zbo. Hojn byly rozeny u benznovch erpadel nap. firem Sfinx, Naftaspol, Brati Zikmundov, Kralupsk spolenost atd. Obchodn s konzumnch drustev byla druhou nejvznamnj slokou maloob-chodu. Zatmco se jejich prodejny orien-tovaly na bn zbo spe standardnch kvalit, srovnateln soukrom obchody na-bzely ir vbr zbo asto vy kvality.20. lta

Na potku 20. let byla maloobchodn sfra nejkoncentrovanj v prmyslovch a l-zeskch mstech. Nejvce osob z celko-vho potu vdlen innch pracovalo v obchodu v Jablonci nad Nisou, Karlovch Varech, Teplicch a Liberci. Praha se s po-tem obyvatel pracujcch v maloobchodu umstila a za tmito msty.V prbhu 20. let se maloobchod rychle rozrstal mrn k tomu, jak se mnily spotebitelsk nvyky a ivotn standard a do znan mry konkuroval obchodnm domm. Pibvalo prodejen spotebn-

ho zbo vyrbnho sriov ve velkch podnicch (konfekce, pleten zbo, obuv). Jeho relativn nzk cena zaruovala odbyt a pijateln obrat.

30. lta

Zatkem 30. let bylo v eskch zemch vce ne 170 tisc prodejen, ve kterch pracova-lo na 340 tisc osob. Podl potravinskch prodejen se pohyboval okolo 55 %. Krom toho existovaly prodejny spojen s vrobou (pekastv, cukrstv, eznictv, uzenstv) v potu asi 35 tisc jednotek.

Vlen aPoVlen Doba

Vlen a povlen obdob pineslo vraz-n zmny v etnosti obchodn st, i kdy se v podstat nemnila jej struktura a kvalita. Koncem roku 1945 bylo evidovno v es-kch zemch 82 tisc prodejen, z eho 76 tisc provozovali soukrom podnikate-l, 4,7 tisce spotebn drustva a zhruba 1,2 tisc sttn organizace prodejny vel-kch znrodnnch prmyslovch podnik. Po 2. svtov vlce se obchod rychle vzpamatoval z vlen strnulosti, vzrostl zahranin obchod, zaali se modernizovat prodejny a rozioval se sortiment. Vvoj byl zastaven v roce 1948 postupnou likvidac soukromho sektoru ve prospch sttnch podnik vzniklch na zkladech znrodnnch a zabranch majetk. Ob-chod byl likvidovn z hlediska soukromho vlastnictv ale i sociln vnosti.

eskoslovensk

maloo

bcho

d po roce 19

18

Obchodn s v eskch zemch podle prmyslovch oblast (stav k roku 1930)

[RB]

19

the Czechoslovakian retail sector after 1918

BusiNess Was geNerally quite Well developed duriNg the first repuBlic. liceNsed commercial trade, coNsumer cooperatives aNd factory outlets, departmeNt stores aNd the mail-order BusiNess formed the Basis of the retail sector.

tHe czecHoslovakian Retail sectoR afteR 1918

Commercial trading organized into busi-ness associations formed the largest re-

tail group. Typical of them was the so-called kramsky, or shop. On average, two people worked in shops like these throughout the Czech lands. In retail, no real form of affiliated shops developed in significant size. When there were affiliated shops, they dealt mainly with the distribution of imported colonial

goods, which were sold in great quantities at gas stations like Sfinx, Naftaspol, Brothers Zikmund, Kralupska Company, etc. The business network of consumer coop-eratives was the second most important component of the retail sector. While their sales were oriented on general merchandise of rather standard quality, comparatively similar private stores offered a wider selec-tion of goods, and often with better quality.

the 1920s

In the early 1920s, the retail sector was mostly concentrated in industrial and spa towns. Of the total number of lucrative ac-tivities, most people worked in the shops of Jablonec nad Nisou, Karlovy Vary, Teplice and Liberec. Prague placed behind these cities in terms of the number of inhabitants working in the retail sector.During the 1920s, the retail trade grew rap-idly in proportion to changing consumer habits and living standards, and to a large extent it began competing with depart-ment stores. Stores offering mass-produced consumer goods were proliferating in ma-jor enterprises (clothing, knitwear, shoes). Relatively low prices guaranteed sales and an appreciable turnover.

the 1930s

At the beginning of the 1930s, there were more than 170,000 stores in the Czech lands, employing 340,000 people. The proportion of food stores was around 55%. In addition, shops associated with production (baker-ies, confectioneries, meat packing plants) numbered around 35,000. the War anD PostWar PerioD

The war and postwar period brought about significant changes in the number of com-mercial networks, although its structure and quality basically remained unchanged. At the end of 1945, there were 82,000 stores registered in the Czech lands, of which 76,000 were run by private entrepreneurs, 4,700 by consumer cooperatives and about 1,200 by state organizations stores belong-ing to large nationalized industries. Following World War II, business quickly recovered from the lethargy of war, for-eign trade increased, and stores began to modernize and expand their assortments. This development was halted in1948 by the gradual destruction of the private sector in favor of state-owned enterprises based on nationalizing and confiscating property. Not only was the store liquidated from the point of view of private property, but also in terms of social esteem.

Business chains in industrialized areas of Czechoslovakia (in 1930).

Business chain Number of stores

Prague 24,360

Liberec-Jablonec 7,139

Brno 8,111

North Bohemian brown coal

11,468

West Bohemian 7,868

Plze 3,641

North Bohemian textile and glass

4,063

Textile Northeeastern Bohemia

4,890

Ostrava 7,219

[RB]

20

Kom

unistic

k esko

- slov

ensk maloo

bcho

d

oasech NedvNo miNulch NeN poteBa se vrazN rozepisovat, ikdy lidsk pam je NedokoNal, atak vdNeNm BlahoBytu rdi zapomNme Na froNty Na vpodstat cokoliv. Napklad star oBaly od potraviN vNs vzBuzuj pjemN pocity Nostalgie, eho se vposledN doB velmi hojN vyuv vmarketiNgu.

komunistick eskoslovensk malooBcHod

Centrln PlnoVn

Po celm eskoslovensku se budovala s modernch obchod samoobsluh i ob-chodnch dom v rmci urbanistickch cel-k. U potravin dosahoval podl prodeje for-mou samoobsluhy asi 60 %. Zzem novch prodejen byla mnohonsobn pedimen-zovan, a i pes velk zsoby se projevoval konstantn nedostatek spotebnho zbo. Ceny byly zen odtren od hodnoty, pe-devm u zkladnch potravin se drely na nepimen nzk rovni nkter z nich nedoznaly zmn po mnoho desetilet. Ceny naproti tomu rostly u odv. Porovnme-li vak kupn slu a ceny teh-dej a dnen doby, k vraznm zmnm u mnohch komodit nedolo.PozDn Komunismus

V 80. letech je evidentn snaha moderni-zovat maloobchodn s. Nov vstavba prodejen potravin spojovala velkoprodej se samoobsluhou. V poslednch devti letech socialistickho obdob klesal poet jednotek stl malo-obchodn st, byl vak vyven nrstem velkost prodejny. PoreVolun Doba

Pokud bychom mli vymezit poet obchod-nch subjekt, tak v roce 1990 byl tm cel trh soustedn do 250 obchodnch

podnik, z toho nejvt objem do 70 pod-nik sttnho obchodu v rmci ministerstva obchodu a cestovnho ruchu. Rozvoj ivnostenskho podnikn po roce1990 probhal neobyejn vysokm tempem. Maloobchodn prodej v roce 1995 vzrostl oproti roku 1989 o 126 %.

[RB]

21

retail in Com

munist

Czechoslovakia

there is No Need to descriBe the receNt past iN aNy great detail, eveN if humaN memory is imperfect aNd some people iN todaysprosperous times are happy to forget aBout haviNg to staNd iN liNe for practically everythiNg. for example, the laBels oN groceries from that era arouse feeliNgs of Nostalgia, oNe of the reasoNs they have BeeN Widely used iN marketiNg iN receNt times.

Retail in communist czecHoslovakia

Central Planning

A network of modern shops was built throughout Czechoslovakia, consisting of supermarkets and department stores as part of urban development. Supermarkets accounted for about 60% of all food sales. Although these new stores were oversized

and their volumes of stock large, there was a constant shortage of consumer goods. Prices were controlled and rarely reflected actual values, especially for basic foodstuffs, which were kept disproportionately low. Some prices even went unchanged for many decades. On the other hand, prices for cloth-ing increased.

However, if we compare purchasing power with prices then and today, there have been no major changes for many commodities.

late Communism

The 1980s saw an attempt to modernize the retail network. New supermarkets were constructed and combined with the self-service wholesale sector.

During the last nine years of the socialist period, the number of retail stores in the network decreased, but this was offset by an increase in store sizes.

Post-reVolutionary PerioD

A look at the number of business entities shows that in 1990 practically the entire market was concentrated in 250 business enterprises, of which 70 state business en-terprises controlled by the Ministry of Trade and Tourism dealt with the largest volumes.

The development in commercial licenses after 1990 proceeded at an unusually rapid tempo.

Compared to 1989, retail sales in 1995 grew by 126%.

Ilustran foto/Illustrational photo

Poet obchodnch subjekt v roce 1990/Number of business enterprises in 1990

obchodn spolenost business enterprise

95%

akciov spolenost joint-stock company

4%

drustvocooperative enterprise

1%

sttn podnikstate enterprise

0%

[RB]

22

Pojzdn

prod

ejny

mo b

ile sho

ps

poJzdn pRodeJny

moBile sHops

Ilustran foto/Illustrational photo

Pojzdn prodejny byly fenomnem socialismu, respektive socialistickho systmu zsobovn vesnic. Po roce 1989 po-

stupn vymizely a zbylo jen nkolik soukromch loklnch provo-zovatel. Obdobou pojzdnch prodejen jsou lut auta Family Frost rozvejc s klasickm hudebnm doprovodem zmrzlinu a jin mraen zbo. Firma vznikla v roce 1990, byla ve vchodn sti Nmecka a bhem dvou let expandovala do Maarska, esk republiky, Polska, Chorvatska, Slovinska, panlska a Portugalska. V souasnosti spolenost formu prodeje upgradeovala ji nejezd dle harmonogramu po pravidelnch zastvkch, ale pedevm zav zbo dle pn zkaznka do domu.

obnoVa PojzDn ProDejnyDky oblbenosti farmskch trh a obecn popularit prodeje produkt pmo od pstitel a farm, malch vrobc mlnch i masnch vrobk, ryb apod. mon i tuto formu prodeje ek oiven.Kompromis mezi stnkem a kamennm obchodem je vhodn prv pro farmsk trhy, kter zavaj nebvalou pze spotebi-tel. Nicmn rove prodeje je minimln a na vybudovn stl trnice se stnky nen mnohde prostor. Prodej v provizornm, ale i stlm stnku, navc asto nar na problm psnch hygienic-kch a veterinrnch norem.Nkolik spolenost dokonce plnuje, e zd pjovny tchto voz, ne si farmi a provozovatel trh vyzkou, jak to je, kdy na msto pijedou pojzdn prodejny.

Mobile shops were a phenomenon of the socialist era and its attempt to keep villages supplied. They gradually disappea-red after 1989, with only a few local private operators still

in business. Similar to mobile shops are the yellow vehicles of Family Frost, which announce their offer of ice cream and other frozen goods with a classic jingle. The company was founded in 1990 in the eastern part of Germany and within two years had expanded operations to include Hungary, the Czech Republic, Poland, Croatia, Slovenia, Spain and Portugal. The company has since upgraded its form of sales, namely by no longer making regular stops according to a schedule, rather by filling individual orders and delivering them to the home.

mobile shoPs on the rebounDThanks to the popularity of farmers markets and the general popularity of selling products directly from growers and farmers, from small dairy and meat producers and fishermen, perhaps this form of sales can expect a rebound.A compromise between the stand and brick-and-mortar shop is just right for farmers markets, which are experiencing unprece-dented interest from consumers. However, their volume of sales remains minimal and there are not many areas with space to build a permanent market hall with stalls. Moreover, not just tempora-ry stalls but those of a permanent nature as well often face the problem of strict health and veterinarian standards.Several companies even have plans to set up a rental operation for these vehicles so that farmers and market operators can try the mobile shop for themselves.

23

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24

Zeptali jsme se JUDr. Dany Konkov, Ph.D., LL.M. a jejch koleg z AKK:

AKK je eskou advoktn kancel psobc na trhu ji vce ne 5 let poskytujc prvn sluby na bzi eskho prva v nkolika svtovch jazycch, zejmna v jazyce nmeckm a anglickm. Ke kvalit jejch slueb pispvaj mnohalet zkuenosti jejch prvnk z prosted mezinrodnch advoktnch kancel i z vedoucch pozic v developerskch spolenostech a vznamnch podnikatelskch subjektech, kter naerpali v minulosti. Komplikovan transakce a zdnliv prvn neeiteln situace jsou pro n vzvou, kter se rdi zhost. Jak jsme zjistili, prvn pomoc poskytuj napklad pi nkupech spolenost, podnik i nemovitostnch projekt, vetn due diligence, pi realizaci developerskch projekt vetn souvisejcch sprvnch zen, pronjmu objekt, pemnch obchodnch spolenost, v soudnch zench a v mnoha dalch oblastech.

Na JUDr. Danu Konkovou, Ph.D., LL.M jsme se obrtili s astou otzkou, zda podrobit spory rozhodmu zen.

JUDr. Dana Konkov, rozhod zen podrobn zn jak z pohledu rozhodce u Rozhodho soudu pi Hospodsk komoe R a Agrrn komoe R, tak i z pohledu prvnho zstupce astnk. Nespornou vhodu rozhodho zen shledv jednoznan v jeho jednoinstannosti a rychlosti. Pi volb rozhodho zen lze urit rychleji dospt k vykonatelnmu rozhodnut a t pedejt hrozb nemrnho nrstu ve rok z prodlen, jak hroz v ppad mnohaletch spor vedench ped obecnmi soudy. Dalm pozitivem je podle JUDr. Dany Konkov monost zvolit si rozhodce s odpovdajc odbornou kvalifikac, kter soudcm me zejmna u vcn komplikovanch kauz chybt. Ve sv praxi se vak ji setkala i s ppady, kdy rozhodci nenaplnili oekvn odbornosti. Volba rozhodce proto nesm bt podcenna. Rozhod zen

doporuuje, avak zle na kvalit rozhodc. V ppad, kdy jedna strana je soust zahraninho koncernu, lze oekvat i vhrady proti tomu, aby bylo rozhodovno u rozhodho soudu eskho. V takovm ppad se nabz monost volby Mezinrodnho rozhodho soudu pi Rakousk hospodsk komoe ve Vdni, kde t psob rozhodci znal eskho i slovenskho prva. Lze doporuit i volbu renomovanho rozhodho soudu v rmci Mezinrodn obchodn komory (ICC) administrovanho z Pae, kde je vak nutno potat s relativn vysokmi poplatky. Ppadn lze uvaovat podle povahy ppadu a stran i o rozhodm zen u Obchodnch komor vcarska.

Na JUDr. Zuzanu Pospilovou jsme se obrtili s otzkou, jakou pidanou hodnotu me AKK nabdnout u komplikovanch transakc:

Pidanou hodnotou, kterou AKK klientm me poskytnout, krom odbornosti prvn, je podle JUDr. Zuzany Pospilov prv schopnost strukturovat transakce, a to dky pedchozm zkuenostem vznamnch len tmu AKK. Umme asto nalzat een transaknch deal breaker v situacch, kdy u vyjednvac schopnosti stran skonily.

Na Mgr. Radima Palatho jsme se obrtili s otzkou, s jakmi aktulnmi problmy se Vai klienti setkvaj pi kontraktanch jednnch.

Zadavatel se sna v posledn dob do smluvnch podmnek vlenit ustanoven o smluvnch pokutch potanch podle dn, kter vak nejsou limitovny maximln stkou co do ve. Jedn se nejen o smlouvy mezi privtnmi subjekty, ale i o smlouvy, kter jsou pedkldny v rmci zadvacch zen podle zkona o veejnch zakzkch, kdy teba jsou smluvn pokuty dokonce jednm z hodnotcch kritri pro vbr nabdky zhotovitele.

Nen advokt jako advokt.

[PR]

25

There are lawyers and then there are lawyersWe posed questions to Dr. Dana Konkov, Ph.D., LL.M. and her colleagues from AKK:

For more than five years the Czech law firm AKK has been providing legal services dealing with Czech law in several languages, in particular in German and English. The quality of its services is derived from the many years of experience accumulated by its attorneys from their past associations with international law firms and senior positions in developer companies and major firms. Complicated legal cases and seemingly intractable situations are challenges they gladly accept. As we have discovered, they provide legal assistance for, among other things, purchasing firms, companies, and real estate projects, including due diligence, for the implementation of developer projects, including related administrative procedures, for property rentals, the transformation of companies, in litigation and in many other areas.

We asked Dr. Dana Konkov, Ph.D., LL.M., the frequently asked question whether to submit disputes to arbitration.

Dr. Dana Konkov, knows the ins and outs of arbitration from the perspective of an arbitrator at the Arbitration Court attached to the Economic Chamber of the Czech Republic and Agricultural Chamber of the Czech Republic, and from the perspective of a legal representative for the litigants. The indisputable advantage she sees in arbitration is its speed and the fact that rulings are not subject to appeal. An enforceable decision can be reached quicker by choosing arbitration and the threat of a disproportionate increase in the amount of interest due from delays caused by disputes moving through the courts over the course of many years can be avoided. Another positive aspect, in the opinion of Dr. Dana Konkov, is the opportunity to choose an arbitrator with the appropriate professional qualifications, which some judges may lack for especially complicated cases. In her experience

she has unfortunately encountered cases where the arbitrators demonstrated disappointing expertise. Choosing an arbitrator should not, therefore, be handled arbitrarily. She recommends arbitration, but it depends on the quality of the arbitrators. In cases where one of the parties is part of an international group, objections can be expected to be raised against an arbitration clause providing that a Czech arbitration court should decide. In such a case, there is always the possibility of choosing the International Arbitration Centre of the Austrian Federal Economic Chamber in Vienna, where arbitrators with knowledge of Czech and Slovak law are listed. The reputable arbitral tribunal at the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC), seated in Paris, can also be recommended, even though relatively high fees have to be reckoned with. Alternatively, arbitration proceedings before the Chambers of Commerce in Switzerland can be considered depending on the nature of the case and the parties.

We asked Dr. Zuzana Pospilov what extra value AKK is able to apply to complicated legal cases.

In addition to legal expertise, clients can depend on the ability of AKK, in the opinion of Dr. Zuzana Pospilov, to structure their cases, thanks to the experience accumulated by eminent members of the AKK team. We are often able to provide deal breaker solutions in situations where the parties have exhausted their negotiating abilities.

We asked Mgr. Radim Palat what problems your clients currently face in contractual negotiations.

Lately, contracting authorities have been attempting to incorporate provisions in their contractual terms and conditions for penalty clauses that add up days without providing restrictions on maximum amounts. This not only concerns contracts between private parties,

[PR]

26

Foto zleva/ Photo from left:JUDr. Dana Konkov, Ph.D., LL.MMgr. Radim PalatJUDr. Zuzana PospilovMgr. Klra Bechov

[PR]

Zhotoviteli, aby v tto dob vbec njakou zakzku zskal, asto nezbv ne na nelimitovanou smluvn pokutu pistoupit. Me to vak pro nj mt a likvidan dsledky. Klienti jsou na toto riziko vdy drazn ze strany AKK upozorovni, avak konen rozhodnut je spe obchodn povahy. Chce-li zhotovitel zakzku zskat, nem asto jinou volbu, ne nebezpen podmnky objednatele akceptovat. Dostav-li se klient do advoktn kancele teprve pot, kdy po nm smluvn partner pokutu vymh, asto bv ji pozd a vc kon u soudu, ppadn u rozhodho soudu. Zadavatel si toti velmi dobe uvdomuj, e uplatnit a vymoci smluvn pokuty je mnohem jednodu ne nhradu kody, kde je nutn prokazovat, e byla koda zpsobena, v jak vi a e je za ni zhotovitel odpovdn. Asi nejnebezpenj je spojen ujednn o tom, e stavebn dlo mus bt v termnu dokoneno bez jakchkoli vad a nedodlk pod sankc smluvn pokuty potan denn. Z praxe vme, e dokonit vt stavebn dlo bez jakchkoli vad a nedodlk prakticky nelze.

Na Mgr. Klru Bechovou jsme se obrtili s otzkou, jak pedchzet ztrtm kvli pedasnmu ukonovn njemnch smluv ze strany njemc prostor.

V souasn situaci na trhu pronjmu se nkte njemci sna ukonit njem pedasn. Pokud se na tom njemce a pronajmatel nedohodnou a njem je z dvodu poruen smluvnch podmnek ukonen, typicky pro neplacen njemnho a provoznch nklad njemcem, poaduje asto pronajmatel po njemci rovn nhradu kody jako ul zisk na njemnm do konce pvodn sjednan doby njmu. Podle judikatury vak nelze takovou nhradu kody do budoucna piznat, protoe vztah mezi stranami ji skonil. Je tedy nutn sjednat ji v njemn smlouv nrok na uritou stku jako odkodn nebo smluvn pokutu, pokud dojde k ukonen smlouvy z dvod na stran njemce, stejn jako je vhodn myslet na zajitn dostatenou kauc, bankovn zrukou, zrukou matesk spolenosti i pod. pro ppad neplacen.

27

[PR]

but also contracts submitted within the framework of procurement procedures under the Public Procurement Act, whereby contractual penalties should be one of the evaluation criteria used for making the award to the contractor. The contractor often has no choice but to accept an unlimited contractual penalty at the time of receiving the award. However, it can also represent the eventual liquidation of the contractor. Clients are always strongly advised by AKK with regard to this risk, but the final decision is usually of a business nature. Contractors that want to win contracts often have no choice but to accept the risky conditions set by the contracting authority. If a client comes to a law office after a contractual partner has levied a penalty, it is often already too late and the case ends up in court or in arbitration. Contracting authorities are well aware that it is much easier to levy penalties than seek compensation for damages, because the cause of the damages, the amount, and the fact that the contractor is responsible for them has to be demonstrated. Perhaps the riskiest aspect involves the combination provision of stipulating that the building work must be completed on time without any defects or unfinished work under penalty of sanctions and calculated daily. We know from experience that to complete a major construction without any defects or uncompleted work is practically impossible.

We asked Mgr. Klra Bechov on how to prevent losses due to the premature termination of leases by tenants.

The current trend in the leasing market indicates that some tenants are trying to terminate their lease contracts early. If the tenant and the lessor cannot come to an agreement and the lease is terminated due to breach of contractual obligations, typically for tenants arrears of rent and operating costs, the lessor often demands that the tenant also pays compensation for damages due to lost profit from payments of rent up until the end of the originally negotiated period of the lease. According to the law, however, such compensation for damages cannot be awarded in the future because the relationship between the parties has ended. It is therefore necessary to negotiate in the lease contract a claim for a certain amount of damages or a contractual penalty if it happens that the lease is terminated due to reasons on the side of the tenant. It is likewise advisable to secure adequate surety, bank guarantees, or parent company guarantees in the event of default.

st nad Labem Liberec

Hradec Krlov

Pardubice

Jihlava

esk Budjovice

Brno

Olomouc

Zln

Ostrava

Karlovy Vary

Plze

Praha

Frantikovy Lzn

Marinsk Lzn

Plan

Tachov

Bor

StbroNany

Dobany

Holov Petice

Horovsk TnNepomuk

DomaliceKdyn

Nrsko

Horaovice

Blatn

Beznice

Romitl pod Temnem

Sedlany

SuiceVolyn

Vimperk

Prachatice

esk KrumlovTrhov Sviny

KapliceVtrn u eskho Krumlova

Horn Plan

Vodany

ProtivnTn nad Vltavou

Sobslav

Vesel nad LunicTel

Daice

TresKamenice nad Lipou

Sezimovo st

Pacov

Votice

Beneov

Vlaim Lede nad Szavou

Zru nad Szavou

slav

Pelou

Kostelec nad Orlic

Jesenk

Vrbno pod PraddemVamberk

amberk

LetohradChoce

Vysok Mto

HlinskoChotbo

Polika

Velk Mezi

Nov Msto na Morav

Letovice

Litovel

Tsov

KouimVelk Bte

Nm nad Oslavou

Oslavany

Moravsk KrumlovPohoelice

Boskovice

st nad Orlic

Lankroun

Rmaov

Uniov

Kravae

Vtkov

FulnekOdry

Lipnk nad Bevou

KojetnChropyn

Otrokovice

NapajedlaSlavkov u Brna

Herpice

Hodonn

Hustopee

Zub

Sluovice

Valask Mezi

TinecPbor

Kopivnice

Litomyl

Chlumec nad CidlinouPodbrady

Svtl nad Szavou

Milevsko

Bl nad Radbuzou

KrasliceNejdek

Ostrov

Klterec nad Oh

Dub

Blina

Frdlant

Chrastava

Doksy

Turnov

Jin

Nov Paka

SemilyVrchlab

Jelemnice TrutnovBroumov

Hornov

Jarom

Nov Bydov

Nov Msto nad Metuj

pice

Hoice

tt

Kada

Lounyatec

Poboany

Jesenice

Krlv DvrBeroun

valyesk Brod

elkoviceRoztoky

Brands nad Labem

Star Boleslav

Bentky nad Jizerou

Kralupy nad Vltavou

Zdice

Karltejn

DobrHoovice

Zbiroh

Rokycany

Nov Staec

Cheb

Klatovy

Psek

Jindichv Hradec

Teb

Tbor

Pelhimov

ZnojmoMikulov

Beclav

Havlkv Brod

esk Tebov

Moravsk Tebov

r nad Szavou

Prostjov

Vykov Krom

Uhersk Brod

Vesel na Morav

Uhersk Hradit

PerovRonov pod Radhotm

Vsetn

Zbeh

umperkBruntl

Krnov

Opava

OrlovHavov

esk Tn

Frdek-MstekNov Jn

Hranice na Morav

Karvin

Kutn Hora

Koln

Nymburk Rychnov nad Knnou

Dvr Krlov NchodMlad Boleslav

Strakonice

Chomutov

Litvnov Teplice

Dn

esk Lpa Jablonec na Nisou

Varnsdorf

Most

Slan

Roudnice na Labem

Mlnk

Litomice

Kladno

Pbram

Rakovnk

A

Trnava

Nitra

Trenn

Bansk Bystrica

ilina

Preov

Koice

Bratislava

SkalicaHoli

Smrdky

Smolenice

Leopoldov

VrbovNitrianskaBlatnica

Brezovpod Bradlom

Star Tur

NovDubnica

LednickRovne

Belua

Ilava

Lzn NimnicaRajeck Teplice

Turzovka

Skalit

Krsno mad Kysucou

Zkamenn TrstenTvrdon

Nin

Zzriv

TuranyVrtky

NitranskePravno

Rajec

Bojnice

Kremnica

NovkyDoln

Vestenice

ZemianskeKostoany

Lehota pod

VtnikomSlia

arnovica

Nov Baa

Lzn Skeln Teplice

Lzn Kovov

ZvolenskSlatina

Lzn Korytnica

Slovenskupa LopejLzn Bojnice

Lzn Lky

atn - StreKty

Vek Levre

Cfer

Moenok

Tvrdoovce urany

Oko

Marcelov

Term. koupalitPodhajsk

eiezovce

Patince

ahy

Vinica

Dudince

Krupina

Modr Kame

Hriov

Poltr

Hnsa

Hajnka

Lzn

Tornaa

Tisovec

LznLuivn

NovSmokovec

Svit

Lipany

Bardejovskkpele

Stropkov

Giraltovce

Hanuovce nad Topou

Uba

Strsk

Sobrance

VekKapuany

KrovskChlmec

iernanad Tisou

Krompachy

RudanyGelnica

PrakovecHelcmanovce

Nlepkovo

vedlr

Medzev

Mnek n/Hnilcom

Lzn ts

Vaec

trbsk pleso

Tatransk Matliare

Tatransk kotlina

Tatransk Lomnica

SpiskBe

SpiskStar Ves

Vyn RubachyPodolnec

Predn Hora

VrbleIvankapri NitreSldkoviovo

Ivnkapri Dunaji

Dunajsk Lun

Zlat Klasy

Zohor

Senica

Myjava Nov Mestonad Vahom Bnovice nadBebravou

PrievidzaHandlov

iarnad Hronom

Bansk iavnica

Levice

Vek Krt

Nov Zmky

Hurbanovo

Kolrovo

amorn

Vek MederGabkovo

Komrnotrovo

Zvolen

Detva

FilakovoLuence

Rimavsk Sobota

Dubnica nad Vhom

Tenianske Teplice

Pchov

Byta

PovskBystrica

adca Nmestovo

Don Kubn

Martin Ruomberok

TurianskeTeplice

LiptovskMikul

LiptovskHrdok

Poprad

Kemarok

Starubova

SpiskPodhradie

Sabinov

Levoa

Spisk Nov Ves

Dobina

RevcaRoava

Moldavanad Bodvou

Trebiov

Seovce

Humenn

Snina

Medzilaborce

Svidnk

Bardejov

Michalovce

Vranovnad TopouBrezno

Kysuck Nov Mesto

PieanyTopoany

ZlatMoravce

Partiznsk

Malacky

Modra

Hlohovec

Sere

Galanta

DunajskStreda

ala

PezinokStupavaSenec

st nad Labem Liberec

Hradec Krlov

Pardubice

Jihlava

esk Budjovice

Brno

Olomouc

Zln

Ostrava

Karlovy Vary

Plze

Praha

Frantikovy Lzn

Marinsk Lzn

Plan

Tachov

Bor

StbroNany

Dobany

Holov Petice

Horovsk TnNepomuk

DomaliceKdyn

Nrsko

Horaovice

Blatn

Beznice

Romitl pod Temnem

Sedlany

SuiceVolyn

Vimperk

Prachatice

esk KrumlovTrhov Sviny

KapliceVtrn u eskho Krumlova

Horn Plan

Vodany

ProtivnTn nad Vltavou

Sobslav

Vesel nad LunicTel

Daice

TresKamenice nad Lipou

Sezimovo st

Pacov

Votice

Beneov

Vlaim Lede nad Szavou

Zru nad Szavou

slav

Pelou

Kostelec nad Orlic

Jesenk

Vrbno pod PraddemVamberk

amberk

LetohradChoce

Vysok Mto

HlinskoChotbo

Polika

Velk Mezi

Nov Msto na Morav

Letovice

Litovel

Tsov

KouimVelk Bte

Nm nad Oslavou

Oslavany

Moravsk KrumlovPohoelice

Boskovice

st nad Orlic

Lankroun

Rmaov

Uniov

Kravae

Vtkov

FulnekOdry

Lipnk nad Bevou

KojetnChropyn

Otrokovice

NapajedlaSlavkov u Brna

Herpice

Hodonn

Hustopee

Zub

Sluovice

Valask Mezi

TinecPbor

Kopivnice

Litomyl

Chlumec nad CidlinouPodbrady

Svtl nad Szavou

Milevsko

Bl nad Radbuzou

KrasliceNejdek

Ostrov

Klterec nad Oh

Dub

Blina

Frdlant

Chrastava

Doksy

Turnov

Jin

Nov Paka

SemilyVrchlab

Jelemnice TrutnovBroumov

Hornov

Jarom

Nov Bydov

Nov Msto nad Metuj

pice

Hoice

tt

Kada

Lounyatec

Poboany

Jesenice

Krlv DvrBeroun

valyesk Brod

elkoviceRoztoky

Brands nad Labem

Star Boleslav

Bentky nad Jizerou

Kralupy nad Vltavou

Zdice

Karltejn

DobrHoovice

Zbiroh

Rokycany

Nov Staec

Cheb

Klatovy

Psek

Jindichv Hradec

Teb

Tbor

Pelhimov

ZnojmoMikulov

Beclav

Havlkv Brod

esk Tebov

Moravsk Tebov

r nad Szavou

Prostjov

Vykov Krom

Uhersk Brod

Vesel na Morav

Uhersk Hradit

PerovRonov pod Radhotm

Vsetn

Zbeh

umperkBruntl

Krnov

Opava

OrlovHavov

esk Tn

Frdek-MstekNov Jn

Hranice na Morav

Karvin

Kutn Hora

Koln

Nymburk Rychnov nad Knnou

Dvr Krlov NchodMlad Boleslav

Strakonice

Chomutov

Litvnov Teplice

Dn

esk Lpa Jablonec na Nisou

Varnsdorf

Most

Slan

Roudnice na Labem

Mlnk

Litomice

Kladno

Pbram

Rakovnk

A

Trnava

Nitra

Trenn

Bansk Bystrica

ilina

Preov

Koice

Bratislava

SkalicaHoli

Smrdky

Smolenice

Leopoldov

VrbovNitrianskaBlatnica

Brezovpod Bradlom

Star Tur

NovDubnica

LednickRovne

Belua

Ilava

Lzn NimnicaRajeck Teplice

Turzovka

Skalit

Krsno mad Kysucou

Zkamenn TrstenTvrdon

Nin

Zzriv

TuranyVrtky

NitranskePravno

Rajec

Bojnice

Kremnica

NovkyDoln

Vestenice

ZemianskeKostoany

Lehota pod

VtnikomSlia

arnovica

Nov Baa

Lzn Skeln Teplice

Lzn Kovov

ZvolenskSlatina

Lzn Korytnica

Slovenskupa LopejLzn Bojnice

Lzn Lky

atn - StreKty

Vek Levre

Cfer

Moenok

Tvrdoovce urany

Oko

Marcelov

Term. koupalitPodhajsk

eiezovce

Patince

ahy

Vinica

Dudince

Krupina

Modr Kame

Hriov

Poltr

Hnsa

Hajnka

Lzn

Tornaa

Tisovec

LznLuivn

NovSmokovec

Svit

Lipany

Bardejovskkpele

Stropkov

Giraltovce

Hanuovce nad Topou

Uba

Strsk

Sobrance

VekKapuany

KrovskChlmec

iernanad Tisou

Krompachy

RudanyGelnica

PrakovecHelcmanovce

Nlepkovo

vedlr

Medzev

Mnek n/Hnilcom

Lzn ts

Vaec

trbsk pleso

Tatransk Matliare

Tatransk kotlina

Tatransk Lomnica

SpiskBe

SpiskStar Ves

Vyn RubachyPodolnec

Predn Hora

VrbleIvankapri NitreSldkoviovo

Ivnkapri Dunaji

Dunajsk Lun

Zlat Klasy

Zohor

Senica

Myjava Nov Mestonad Vahom Bnovice nadBebravou

PrievidzaHandlov

iarnad Hronom

Bansk iavnica

Levice

Vek Krt

Nov Zmky

Hurbanovo

Kolrovo

amorn

Vek MederGabkovo

Komrnotrovo

Zvolen

Detva

FilakovoLuence

Rimavsk Sobota

Dubnica nad Vhom

Tenianske Teplice

Pchov

Byta

PovskBystrica

adca Nmestovo

Don Kubn

Martin Ruomberok

TurianskeTeplice

LiptovskMikul

LiptovskHrdok

Poprad

Kemarok

Starubova

SpiskPodhradie

Sabinov

Levoa

Spisk Nov Ves

Dobina

RevcaRoava

Moldavanad Bodvou

Trebiov

Seovce

Humenn

Snina

Medzilaborce

Svidnk

Bardejov

Michalovce

Vranovnad TopouBrezno

Kysuck Nov Mesto

PieanyTopoany

ZlatMoravce

Partiznsk

Malacky

Modra

Hlohovec

Sere

Galanta

DunajskStreda

ala

PezinokStupavaSenec

28

Pehled

potravino

vch

njemc

PehleD PotraVinoVCh njemC | oVerVieW of groCery tenants

CZECH REPUBLICName of store

Category Page

Albert hypermarket Hypermarkets 30

Albert supermarket Supermarkets 32

Billa Supermarkets 32

COOP Discount Stores 34

Coop hypermarket Hypermarkets 30

COOP supermarket Supermarkets 32

Flop Minimarkets 36

Globus hypermarket Hypermarkets 30

Hruka Minimarkets 36

Interspar R Hypermarkets 30

Kaufland Hypermarkets 30

Koruna Minimarkets 38

Lidl Discount Stores 34

Makro Hypermarkets 30

Norma Discount Stores 34

Penny Discount Stores 34

Quanto Hypermarkets 30

Spar Supermarkets 32

Tesco Supermarkets 32

Tesco Expres Minimarkets 38

Tesco hypermarket Hypermarkets 30

Trefa Minimarkets 38

abka Minimarkets 36

st nad Labem Liberec

Hradec Krlov

Pardubice

Jihlava

esk Budjovice

Brno

Olomouc

Zln

Ostrava

Karlovy Vary

Plze

Praha

Frantikovy Lzn

Marinsk Lzn

Plan

Tachov

Bor

StbroNany

Dobany

Holov Petice

Horovsk TnNepomuk

DomaliceKdyn

Nrsko

Horaovice

Blatn

Beznice

Romitl pod Temnem

Sedlany

SuiceVolyn

Vimperk

Prachatice

esk KrumlovTrhov Sviny

KapliceVtrn u eskho Krumlova

Horn Plan

Vodany

ProtivnTn nad Vltavou

Sobslav

Vesel nad LunicTel

Daice

TresKamenice nad Lipou

Sezimovo st

Pacov

Votice

Beneov

Vlaim Lede nad Szavou

Zru nad Szavou

slav

Pelou

Kostelec nad Orlic

Jesenk

Vrbno pod PraddemVamberk

amberk

LetohradChoce

Vysok Mto

HlinskoChotbo

Polika

Velk Mezi

Nov Msto na Morav

Letovice

Litovel

Tsov

KouimVelk Bte

Nm nad Oslavou

Oslavany

Moravsk KrumlovPohoelice

Boskovice

st nad Orlic

Lankroun

Rmaov

Uniov

Kravae

Vtkov

FulnekOdry

Lipnk nad Bevou

KojetnChropyn

Otrokovice

NapajedlaSlavkov u Brna

Herpice

Hodonn

Hustopee

Zub

Sluovice

Valask Mezi

TinecPbor

Kopivnice

Litomyl

Chlumec nad CidlinouPodbrady

Svtl nad Szavou

Milevsko

Bl nad Radbuzou

KrasliceNejdek

Ostrov

Klterec nad Oh

Dub

Blina

Frdlant

Chrastava

Doksy

Turnov

Jin

Nov Paka

SemilyVrchlab

Jelemnice TrutnovBroumov

Hornov

Jarom

Nov Bydov

Nov Msto nad Metuj

pice

Hoice

tt

Kada

Lounyatec

Poboany

Jesenice

Krlv DvrBeroun

valyesk Brod

elkoviceRoztoky

Brands nad Labem

Star Boleslav

Bentky nad Jizerou

Kralupy nad Vltavou

Zdice

Karltejn

DobrHoovice

Zbiroh

Rokycany

Nov Staec

Cheb

Klatovy

Psek

Jindichv Hradec

Teb

Tbor

Pelhimov

ZnojmoMikulov

Beclav

Havlkv Brod

esk Tebov

Moravsk Tebov

r nad Szavou

Prostjov

Vykov Krom

Uhersk Brod

Vesel na Morav

Uhersk Hradit

PerovRonov pod Radhotm

Vsetn

Zbeh

umperkBruntl

Krnov

Opava

OrlovHavov

esk Tn

Frdek-MstekNov Jn

Hranice na Morav

Karvin

Kutn Hora

Koln

Nymburk Rychnov nad Knnou

Dvr Krlov NchodMlad Boleslav

Strakonice

Chomutov

Litvnov Teplice

Dn

esk Lpa Jablonec na Nisou

Varnsdorf

Most

Slan

Roudnice na Labem

Mlnk

Litomice

Kladno

Pbram

Rakovnk

A

Trnava

Nitra

Trenn

Bansk Bystrica

ilina

Preov

Koice

Bratislava

SkalicaHoli

Smrdky

Smolenice

Leopoldov

VrbovNitrianskaBlatnica

Brezovpod Bradlom

Star Tur

NovDubnica

LednickRovne

Belua

Ilava

Lzn NimnicaRajeck Teplice

Turzovka

Skalit

Krsno mad Kysucou

Zkamenn TrstenTvrdon

Nin

Zzriv

TuranyVrtky

NitranskePravno

Rajec

Bojnice

Kremnica

NovkyDoln

Vestenice

ZemianskeKostoany

Lehota pod

VtnikomSlia

arnovica

Nov Baa

Lzn Skeln Teplice

Lzn Kovov

ZvolenskSlatina

Lzn Korytnica

Slovenskupa LopejLzn Bojnice

Lzn Lky

atn - StreKty

Vek Levre

Cfer

Moenok

Tvrdoovce urany

Oko

Marcelov

Term. koupalitPodhajsk

eiezovce

Patince

ahy

Vinica

Dudince

Krupina

Modr Kame

Hriov

Poltr

Hnsa

Hajnka

Lzn

Tornaa

Tisovec

LznLuivn

NovSmokovec

Svit

Lipany

Bardejovskkpele

Stropkov

Giraltovce

Hanuovce nad Topou

Uba

Strsk

Sobrance

VekKapuany

KrovskChlmec

iernanad Tisou

Krompachy

RudanyGelnica

PrakovecHelcmanovce

Nlepkovo

vedlr

Medzev

Mnek n/Hnilcom

Lzn ts

Vaec

trbsk pleso

Tatransk Matliare

Tatransk kotlina

Tatransk Lomnica

SpiskBe

SpiskStar Ves

Vyn RubachyPodolnec

Predn Hora

VrbleIvankapri NitreSldkoviovo

Ivnkapri Dunaji

Dunajsk Lun

Zlat Klasy

Zohor

Senica

Myjava Nov Mestonad Vahom Bnovice nadBebravou

PrievidzaHandlov

iarnad Hronom

Bansk iavnica

Levice

Vek Krt

Nov Zmky

Hurbanovo

Kolrovo

amorn

Vek MederGabkovo

Komrnotrovo

Zvolen

Detva

FilakovoLuence

Rimavsk Sobota

Dubnica nad Vhom

Tenianske Teplice

Pchov

Byta

PovskBystrica

adca Nmestovo

Don Kubn

Martin Ruomberok

TurianskeTeplice

LiptovskMikul

LiptovskHrdok

Poprad

Kemarok

Starubova

SpiskPodhradie

Sabinov

Levoa

Spisk Nov Ves

Dobina

RevcaRoava

Moldavanad Bodvou

Trebiov

Seovce

Humenn

Snina

Med