retos investigación web semántica
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
Retos de investigaciónpara la WebSemánticas
©Asunción Gómez-Pérez - 1
Asunción Gómez Pérez
Idioma(s) de la charla
©Asunción Gómez-Pérez - 2
Table of Content1. Web n+1: Roadmap
2. The semantic Webs and Corporative Semantics
– Ontologies
– Metadata
3. Example of pure Semantic Web applications
– Semantic Access to DB: FAO
– Linked data
– Semantic Search: SEEMP
©Asunción Gómez-Pérez - 3
– Semantic Search: SEEMP
4. Example of Web 3.0 applications – Decision support systems: Satellite missions, car insurance– Geobuddies
Web n+1: Roadmap
©Asunción Gómez-Pérez - 4
The current Web is multilingual
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$74.95 :ABCّ>اا�;�:ب :DEF@>ا
Árabe
Title: Ontological EngineeringSkjøte: Ontological Ingeniørarbeid
Japonés
©Asunción Gómez-Pérez - 5
<b>Title:</b> Ontological Engineering <BR>
<b>Authors:</b> Asunción Gómez-Pérez... <BR>
<b>Price:</b> $74.95<BR>
<b>Product:</b> Book<BR>
Title: Ontological EngineeringAuthors:Asunción Gómez-Pérez...Price: $74.95Product: Book
Inglés
<b>Skjøte:</b> Ontological Ingeniørarbeid<BR>
<b>Forfatter:</b> Overtakelse Gómez-Pérez... <BR>
<b>Pris:</b> 74.95€<BR>
<b>Produkt:</b> Bok<BR>
Skjøte: Ontological Ingeniørarbeid Forfatter: Overtakelse Gómez-Pérez...Pris: 74.95€Produkt: Bok
Noruego
.- HTML is useful for browsing the information
.- Content is language-dependent
.- High cost for keeping the information up-to-date
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Information a machine can see…
©Asunción Gómez-Pérez - 6
% ���� #� ���� #���� ��# ��#� % ���� #� ���� #���� ��# ��#� % ���� #� ���� #���� ��# ��#� % ���� #� ���� #���� ��# ��#� ����� � ����� ������ &�$�� ������ ����� � ����� ������ &�$�� ������ ����� � ����� ������ &�$�� ������ ����� � ����� ������ &�$�� ������ �� '������ ��� ���� ���!� � ���� �� '������ ��� ���� ���!� � ���� �� '������ ��� ���� ���!� � ���� �� '������ ��� ���� ���!� � ���� !�#�$� �� !���'� ���� ��� ����� !�#�$� �� !���'� ���� ��� ����� !�#�$� �� !���'� ���� ��� ����� !�#�$� �� !���'� ���� ��� ����� ��#���� ��� ����� !����!� ������ ��#���� ��� ����� !����!� ������ ��#���� ��� ����� !����!� ������ ��#���� ��� ����� !����!� ������ '�� �'�� �'�� �'�� �"�#�!�� ��"�#�!�� ��"�#�!�� ��"�#�!�� ��( ��� �( ��� �( ��� �( ��� ��������� )�� ������� ���� $ ���� ��� )�� ������� ���� $ ���� ��� )�� ������� ���� $ ���� ��� )�� ������� ���� $ ���� ��� ����� �$ �% ��� ������ ��� ������ ����� �$ �% ��� ������ ��� ������ ����� �$ �% ��� ������ ��� ������ ����� �$ �% ��� ������ ��� ������ �� �� ���� ��� ��%� ���* ���! �� �� ���� ��� ��%� ���* ���! �� �� ���� ��� ��%� ���* ���! �� �� ���� ��� ��%� ���* ���! $ �!��#���! ��� +$ �!��#���! ��� +$ �!��#���! ��� +$ �!��#���! ��� +�$���� ! ��%� ����$���� ! ��%� ����$���� ! ��%� ����$���� ! ��%� ������ �� � !��� �� � !��� �� � !��� �� � !������������������� �! ��� ���� ��� ���� �% ��� ��� �! ��� ���� ��� ���� �% ��� ��� �! ��� ���� ��� ���� �% ��� ��� �! ��� ���� ��� ���� �% ��� ����������������…
XML allows the creation of metada with “meaning”
<Title>Ontological Engineering</Title>
<Author>Asunción Gómez-Pérez...</Author>
<Price>$74.95</Price>
Title: Ontological EngineeringAuthors:Asunción Gómez-Pérez...Price: $74.95Product: Book
Inglés
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Árabe
©Asunción Gómez-Pérez - 7
¿What do the tags mean for the machine?
<Price>$74.95</Price>
<Product>Book</Product>
<* 2ّ�<ا�2ّ */>74.95$<ا<ا�;�:ب/>ا�7&�8 <ا�;�:ب>
But What About…?
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©Asunción Gómez-Pérez - 8
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<bio>��� �! ��� ���� ��� ���� �% ��� ��� �! ��� ���� ��� ���� �% ��� ��� �! ��� ���� ��� ���� �% ��� ��� �! ��� ���� ��� ���� �% ��� ����������������</bio></speaker><registration>"�#�!�� �� $� ����$��! ����# % ��"�#�!�� �� $� ����$��! ����# % ��"�#�!�� �� $� ����$��! ����# % ��"�#�!�� �� $� ����$��! ����# % ����!� ����� ������ ����� ���� �� ��!� ����� ������ ����� ���� �� ��!� ����� ������ ����� ���� �� ��!� ����� ������ ����� ���� �� % ���� #� ���� #���� ��# ��#� % ���� #� ���� #���� ��# ��#� % ���� #� ���� #���� ��# ��#� % ���� #� ���� #���� ��# ��#� ����� � ����� ������ &�$�� ������ �� ����� � ����� ������ &�$�� ������ �� ����� � ����� ������ &�$�� ������ �� ����� � ����� ������ &�$�� ������ �� '������ ��� ���� ���!� � ���� '������ ��� ���� ���!� � ���� '������ ��� ���� ���!� � ���� '������ ��� ���� ���!� � ���� !�#�$� �� !���'� ���� ��� ����� !�#�$� �� !���'� ���� ��� ����� !�#�$� �� !���'� ���� ��� ����� !�#�$� �� !���'� ���� ��� ����� ��#���� ��� ����� !����!� ������ ��#���� ��� ����� !����!� ������ ��#���� ��� ����� !����!� ������ ��#���� ��� ����� !����!� ������ '�� �'�� �'�� �'�� �<registration>
Exceso de información
©Asunción Gómez-Pérez - 9
.- Encontrar.- Comprender
Extraer.- Comparar.- Agregar
….
What was the Web intended to be?
“... a goal of the Web was that, if the interaction between person and hypertext could be so intuitive that themachine-readable information space gave an accurate representation of the state of people's thoughts, interactions, and work patterns, then machine analysis
©Asunción Gómez-Pérez - 10
interactions, and work patterns, then machine analysiscould become a very powerful management tool, seeing patterns in our work and facilitating our working togetherthrough the typical problems which beset the management of large organizations.”
[Berners-Lee 1996]
Web n+1: Roadmap
©Asunción Gómez-Pérez - 11
©Asunción Gómez-Pérez - 12
.- Find Information.- Understand
Extract.- Compare.- Agregate
.- Look for consistency.- Publish
.- Contextualize
.- Encontrar.- Comprender
Extraer.- Comparar.- Agregar.- Publicar
.- Contextualizar
But What About…?
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©Asunción Gómez-Pérez - 13
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<bio>��� �! ��� ���� ��� ���� �% ��� ��� �! ��� ���� ��� ���� �% ��� ��� �! ��� ���� ��� ���� �% ��� ��� �! ��� ���� ��� ���� �% ��� ����������������</bio></speaker><registration>"�#�!�� �� $� ����$��! ����# % ��"�#�!�� �� $� ����$��! ����# % ��"�#�!�� �� $� ����$��! ����# % ��"�#�!�� �� $� ����$��! ����# % ����!� ����� ������ ����� ���� �� ��!� ����� ������ ����� ���� �� ��!� ����� ������ ����� ���� �� ��!� ����� ������ ����� ���� �� % ���� #� ���� #���� ��# ��#� % ���� #� ���� #���� ��# ��#� % ���� #� ���� #���� ��# ��#� % ���� #� ���� #���� ��# ��#� ����� � ����� ������ &�$�� ������ �� ����� � ����� ������ &�$�� ������ �� ����� � ����� ������ &�$�� ������ �� ����� � ����� ������ &�$�� ������ �� '������ ��� ���� ���!� � ���� '������ ��� ���� ���!� � ���� '������ ��� ���� ���!� � ���� '������ ��� ���� ���!� � ���� !�#�$� �� !���'� ���� ��� ����� !�#�$� �� !���'� ���� ��� ����� !�#�$� �� !���'� ���� ��� ����� !�#�$� �� !���'� ���� ��� ����� ��#���� ��� ����� !����!� ������ ��#���� ��� ����� !����!� ������ ��#���� ��� ����� !����!� ������ ��#���� ��� ����� !����!� ������ '�� �'�� �'�� �'�� �<registration>
Y la frase de Tim Berneres-Lee [1996] sigue siendo válida para la Web 2.0
“... the machine-readable information space ...
… machine analysis could become a very
©Asunción Gómez-Pérez - 14
powerful management tool, …
… facilitating our working together ....”
Web n+1: Roadmap
©Asunción Gómez-Pérez - 15
Table of Content1. Web n+1: Roadmap
2. The semantic Webs and Corporative Semantics
– Ontologies
– Metadata
3. Example of pure Semantic Web applications
– Corporate Semantic Web: ODESeW
– Semantic Access to DB: FAO
– Semantic Search: SEEMP
©Asunción Gómez-Pérez - 16
– Semantic Search: SEEMP
4. Example of Web 3.0 applications – Decision support systems: Satellite missions, car insurance– Geobuddies– SemsorGrid4Env
“The Semantic Web is an extension of the current Web in which
information is given well-defined meaning, better enabling computers
and people to work in cooperation. It is based on the idea of having data
on the Web defined and linked such that it can be used for more effective
discovery, automation, integration, and reuse across various
What is the Semantic Web?
©Asunción Gómez-Pérez - 17
discovery, automation, integration, and reuse across various
applications.”
Hendler, J., Berners-Lee, T., and Miller, E.
Integrating Applications on the Semantic Web, 2002,
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/swint.html
La pila de la Web Semántica
©Asunción Gómez-Pérez - 18
rdfs:Literal rdfs:Class
rdfs:range
rdf:Type
RDFS
Ontologyrdfs:Class rdf:ID="Travel">
<rdfs:comment>A journey from place to
place</rdfs:comment>
</rdfs:Class>
<rdf:Property rdf:ID="arrivalDate">
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="#Travel"/>
<rdfs:range rdf:resource="&xsd;date"/>
</rdf:Property>
<rdf:Property rdf:ID="departureDate">
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="#Travel"/>
<rdfs:range rdf:resource="&xsd;date"/>
</rdf:Property>
©Asunción Gómez-Pérez - 19
Travel
Company-name singleFare
units:currencyQuantity
rdfs:range
rdfs:domain
rdfs:domain
departureDate
rdfs:domain
xsd:Date
rdfs:range
arrivalDate
rdfs:range
rdfs:domain
rdf:Propertyrdf:Typerdf:Type
rdf:Type
rdf:Type
RDF
IB-4321
Iberia
Company-name
singleFaredepartureDate
arrivalDate
Metadata
©Asunción Gómez-Pérez - 20
500 euros
departureDate
10/11/2005<Travel rdf:ID=“IB-4321">
<Company-name>Iberia</Company-name>
<singleFare>500 Euros</singleFare>
<departureDate rdf:datatype="&xsd;date">
2005-11-10
</departureDate>
<arrivalDate rdf:datatype="&xsd;date">
2005-11-10
</arrivalDate>
<arrivalPlace rdf:resource="#Paris"/>
</Travel>
The Web
©Asunción Gómez-Pérez - 21
Semantic Webs
©Asunción Gómez-Pérez - 22
Metadata <RDF triple><RDF triple>
<RDF triple><RDF triple>
<RDF triple><RDF triple>
AlignmentsAlignments AlignmentsAlignments
Ontologies
KnowledgeMetadataReasoning
The Semanticweb
©Asunción Gómez-Pérez - 23
The web
triple><RDF triple><RDF triple><RDF triple><RDF triple><RDF triple>
triple><RDF triple><RDF triple><RDF triple><RDF triple><RDF triple>
triple><RDF triple><RDF triple><RDF triple><RDF triple><RDF triple>
Information
Corporative Semantics
©Asunción Gómez-Pérez - 24
Corporative Semantics
©Asunción Gómez-Pérez - 25
AlignmentsAlignments
AlignmentsAlignments
Metadata
<RDF triple><RDF triple><RDF
<RDF triple><RDF triple>
<RDF triple><RDF triple>
AlignmentsAlignmentsOnto. Onto. -- SchemaSchemaData SourcesData Sources
Ontologies
KnowledgeMetadataReasoning
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Resources
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Information
Table of Content1. Web n+1: Roadmap
2. The semantic Webs and Corporative Semantics
– Ontologies
– Metadata
3. Example of pure Semantic Web applications
– Semantic Access to DB: FAO
– Linked data
– Semantic Search: SEEMP
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– Semantic Search: SEEMP
4. Example of Web 3.0 applications – Decision support systems: Satellite missions, car insurance– Geobuddies
Acceso semántico a bases de datos
Pregunta: Nombre de
los profesores de la
universidad UPM
* Un profesor es una personacuyo puesto es “docente”
* Una universidad es una organización de tipo “3”
?
Ontología
Profesor
Doctorando
Universidad
Procesador
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BDR ModeloRelacional
Personal
Organización
Consulta: valores de la columna nombre de los
registros de la tabla Personal para los que el
valor de la columna puesto is “docente” que
estén relacionados con al menos un registro de
la tabla Organización con el valor “3” en la
columna tipo y “UPM” en la columna nombre.
? Procesado de la consulta de acuerdo a la descripción formal de correspondencia
Procesador
Escenario en la FAOEscenario en la FAO
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Las ontologías se utilizan en aplicaciones orientadas a determinar el stock de los peces en el Mediterráneo
Slide 29
Mappings entre Ontologías y BD
Land
areas
Fishing
areas
Biological
entities
Fisheries
commodities
Vessel types
and size
Gear
types
R O R O R O R O R O R O
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R2O
Document
R2O
Document
R2O
Document
R2O
Document
R2O
Document
R2O
Document
FAOFIGIS DB
http://www.fao.org/aims/aos/fi/
Mapping Design
• 3 Mapping Creation Steps– Load Ontology
– Load Database(s)
– Create mapping
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� 2 Usage Modes– Online mode (run
time query execution)
– Offline mode (materialized RDF dump)
ODEMapster
• The ODEMapster processor generates RDF from relational instances based on the
mapping description expressed in the R2O document
– Batch process: DB records migrated to the ontology
– On demand: Querying the DB in terms of ontological terms
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Linked Data
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Datos abiertos y enlazados en el sector público
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Iniciativas Datos Abiertos y Enlazados
Administraciones Públicas
Gobierno británico: http://data.gov.uk
Proyecto Aporta
Iniciativa Abre datos
Geográfica
Geolinked data: http://geo.linkeddata.es/
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Geolinked data: http://geo.linkeddata.es/
Medios de comunicación
BBC
New York times
I+D+i
Cordis
Bibliotecas
IGN se ha incorporado a linked data
IGNRTMS DB
R2OODEMapster
IGN
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Virtuoso Server
IGN
Lombard
qES
rES
pES
iES
nES
lES
oES
mES
The Goal: Helping Job Seekers on their way
EuropeanEuropean
EmploymentEmployment
LocalMatching algorithm
EURESES (Int)
LocalMatching algorithm
CataloniaES (Es)
CandCand..CandCand..
CandCand..CandCand..
CandCand..CandCand..
CandCand..CandCand..
VacanVacan..VacanVacan..
VacanVacan..VacanVacan..
VacanVacan..VacanVacan..
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gES
LombardES (It)
aES
cES
ES
eES
hES
fES
dES
bES
Requester ES
Responding ES
ES not involved
Job Seeker’s Candidacy
Employer Job Vacancy
LEGENDA
EmploymentEmployment
MediatorsMediators
MarketplaceMarketplace
LocalMatching algorithmPrivate
ES (Int)Local
Matching algorithm
WalloniaES (Be)
CandCand..CandCand..
VacanVacan..VacanVacan..
VacanVacan..VacanVacan..
CandCand..CandCand..
CandCand..CandCand..
VacanVacan..VacanVacan..VacanVacan..VacanVacan..
Ms Ms
Ms
MsMs
Ms
Centralized network of ontologies Federated network of ontologies
Ms
Ms
Ms
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Ms
Ms
MsMs
Ms
Ms
1. Build a reference ontology 1. Build a reference ontology for the domain
2. Build local ontologies
3. Build mappings between the core and local ontologies
4. Build mappings between the local ontologies and the datasources
MsMs
2. Build mappings between the reference ontology and the data sources
Table of Content1. Web n+1: Roadmap
2. The semantic Webs and Corporative Semantics
– Ontologies
– Metadata
3. Example of pure Semantic Web applications
– Semantic Access to DB: FAO
– Linked data
– Semantic Search: SEEMP
©Asunción Gómez-Pérez - 39
– Semantic Search: SEEMP
4. Example of Web 3.0 applications – Decision support systems: Satellite missions, car insurance– Geobuddies
• Geographically distributed organizations
• Organizations send plans to the Envisat
• Envisat has Instruments on board that take “pictures”
• Envisat sends back information to the Earth
USE CASE DIMENSION:
Procesamiento de información de satélites
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• 1 planning file (DMOP) is generated per planning day– Parameters for instrument operation (taking
pictures)
– Parameters for the satellite general configuration.
– MacroCommands (MCMD’s): translation from planning
• For each DMOP file:– Hundreds of planning activities per instrument and
instrument mode
– Hundreds of Product files are generated per instrument and instrument mode
– Each product file corresponds with a planning activity
Analysis needs to be carried out on the existence, contents and
correlation of these files
Anotar las fuentes de datos
ROP
DMOP
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Product file
Detección del fraude en seguros del coche
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Geobuddies
Semantic & Collaborative annotation using mobile devices in
the “Camino de Santiago”– Ontologies
– Web 3.0
• Semantic Web
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• Semantic Web
• Web 2.0
– Mobile devices
– Data Grid
– Geographic information
A pilgrim in St. James’ Way (Camino de Santiago)
• Diverse routes for pilgrims
• Self-emergent community of pilgrims– People that talk about their experiences during the way
– People that join together in the joy of walking
– Mobile users
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– Mobile users
• People want to– Find interesting locations
– Find community services
– Provide information
Servidor de anotaciones
El usuario ve un punto de interés y envía una foto con sus correspondientes anotaciones
walk sun tired
cathedralhugepeaceful
Las anotacionesse guardan y losobjetos se consolidancon bases de datos geográficasy anotaciones existentes
BBDD geográficas
El usuario quiere saber
Motor de recomendaciones(sólo geográfico)
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Motor de recomendaciones(geográfico + tags + ontologías)
Servidor de anotaciones
(todos los usuarios)
Servidor de ontologías
mezcla
El usuario quiere saberqué puntos de interés lepueden interesar en la zonaen la que se encuentra
Camino Personalizado
Transferencia de la comunidad generada
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Generated social communities are transferred into social community sites (facebook, Google social API)Reuse of other off-the-shelf servicesSustainability of people links found during the walkEase of implementation
Conclusions
We are moving into a new generation of semantic applications• Open to web resources
• Open to semantic resources
• Open to web services
• Open to web data
• Open to the physical world and having an impact on it.
where …
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where …
data integration at large scale is one of the main challenge
and …
everything combined with 1. Social communities
2. Mobile devices
3. Ubiquitous computing
Tendencias en el Desarrollo de Aplicaciones Semánticas
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Asunción Gómez Pérez