Revision of EU European Ecolabel for Indoor and Outdoor Paints and Varnishes

EU Ecolabel Criteria Proposal Report

July2012

Jiannis S. Kougoulis, Renata Kaps, Ben Walsh

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Glossary

Units Conventional SI units and prefixes used throughout: {k, kilo, 1000} {M,mega, 1,000,000} {G,giga,109}{kg,kilogramme,unitmass}{t,metrictonne,1,000kg}

Acknowledgements

Theauthorswouldliketothankallthestakeholderswhocontributedtodraftingthisdocument.

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Contents

1 Introduction 3

2 Scope 4 2.1 Mergingindoorandoutdoorpaints,andchangingthescopeofthedocuments 4 2.2 Aimofthecriteriaandframework 5 2.3 CriteriaDecision:Article1(Scope) 7

3 Production 11 3.1 Rawmaterialsourcing 11

4 Use 16 4.1 Efficiencyinuse 16 4.2 Emissionsduringuse 23

5 Endoflife 48 5.1 Unusedpaintdisposal 48 5.2 Packagingmaterial 49

6 General 51 6.1 Consumerinformation 51 6.2 InformationappearingontheEcolabel 51 6.3 Generalcomment 52

7 Criteria 52

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1 Introduction

The European Ecolabel is an element of the European Commissions action plan on SustainableConsumption and Production and Sustainable Industrial Policy Consumption and Production andSustainable Industrial Policy adopted on 16 July 2008. This is a voluntary scheme established toencouragemanufacturers toproduce goods and services that are environmentally friendlier. The EUEcolabelflowerlogoshouldfacilitaterecognitionbyconsumersandorganizations(i.e.publicandprivatepurchasers) of the best performing products in this respect, andmaking environmentally consciouschoicesmore easily. The EU Ecolabel covers awide rangeofproducts and services, and its scope isconstantly being broadened. The process of establishing the criteria proceeds at the European levelfollowingconsultationwithexpertsandall interestedparties.Aproductoraserviceawardedwiththislabelmustmeethighenvironmentalandperformancestandards.ThisdocumentdetailsdiscussionpointsandspecificevidenceforamendingoraddingtothecurrentEUEcolabelpaintsand varnishes. It relieson theevidencebasedescribedwithin the following reports:1EcolabelandGreenPublicProcurement(GPP)CriteriaforPaintsandVarnishes:PreliminaryBackgroundReport,and"EcolabelCriteriaforPaintsandVarnishes:BackgroundReport"andthefeedbackreceivedfromstakeholdersandfromthe1stAdHocWorkingGroup(AHWG).This document sets out the rationale for updating the current EU Ecolabel criteria for paints andvarnishesandprovidesanupdated criterionat theendofeach section (withinblueboxes). The finalsectionprovidescompleteEUEcolabelcriteriaproposedforpaintsandvarnishes.

1Reportsareavailableviatheprojectwebsite:http://susproc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/paints/stakeholders.html

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2 Scope

2.1 Merging indoor and outdoor paints, and changing the scope of thedocuments

Ithasbecomeclearthatsomepaintshavebothindoorandoutdoorapplicationsandassuchrequiretwolicences.Discussionswithapplicantsandotherstakeholders,inadditiontoexperiencefromthecurrentEUEcolabelpaintsandvarnishesassessmentprocess,confirmsthis. Applyingfortwoseparate licencesforasingleproductaddsadditionalcostandadministrativeburden to theapplicantcompanyandcanconfuseconsumers. Ofparticularconcern isthatapaintpassingbothsetsofcriteriacoulddisplaytwolicencenumbersandtwoEUEcolabels:havingtwolicencescouldbeinterpretedasbetterthanhavingone. Themergerofthetwocriteriadocumentswasthusproposedtostakeholders. Theoverallaim istheproductionofadocumentthatcoversindoorpaints,outdoorpaintsandalsopaintsthatcancomplywithbothindoorandoutdoorcriteria.Onlyrelativelyminorchangestoeachcriteriawouldbeneededtorealisethismodification.Ingeneral,stakeholdersrespondedpositivelytothe ideaofcombiningthetwocriteria: suchamergerwasanticipated to reduceconfusionamongcustomersandapplicants,whileminimisingadministrativeburdenforbothcompetentbodiesandapplicants.Asaconcernitwasraised,however,thatthemergermightresultinareductionofincomeforcompetentbodies.Withthisinmind,theIndoorandOutdoorPaintandVarnishesCriteriahavebeenmerged.Thefollowingsectionsexaminingthecurrentcriteriahavebeenframedtoincorporatethenecessarychangesallowingthe combinationof thedocuments thatpreviously separately covered indoor andoutdoorpaints andvarnishes.

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2.2 Aimofthecriteriaandframework

Thispartofthecriteriadecisionremainsingeneralasitisinthecurrentcriteriadecisionsforindoorandoutdoorpaints.AsmallamendmentisalsoproposedregardingtheingoingsubstancesfollowingparalleldevelopmentsofEUEcolabelcriteriadecisionsinotherproductgroups.Thefollowingtextisproposed:CriteriaaimThecriteriaaim,inparticularatpromoting:productsthathavealowerenvironmentalimpactalongtheirlifecycle,productswhichcontainalimitedamountofhazardoussubstancesproductswhichemitareducedamountofvolatileorganiccompoundsindoorproductswhichensureahigherindoorairqualitytheefficientuseoftheproductandtheminimizationofwasteCriteriaCriteriaaresetforeachofthefollowingaspects:1.ProductionphaseRawmaterialsourcing2.Usephase

i)Efficiencyinuseii)Emissionsduringuse

3.Endoflifephasei)Unusedpaintdisposalii)Packagingmaterial

4.ConsumerinformationInformationappearingontheEcolabel(1)Assessmentandverification(a)RequirementsThespecificassessmentandverificationrequirementsareindicatedwithineachcriterion.Wheretheapplicant isrequiredtoprovidedeclarations,documentation,analysestestreportsorotherevidence to show compliance with the criteria, it is understood that thesemay originate from theapplicantand/orhissupplier(s)and/ortheirsupplier(s),etcetera,asappropriate.Wherepossible,thetestingshouldbeperformedbylaboratoriesthatmeetthegeneralrequirementsofENISO17025orequivalent.Where appropriate, testmethods other than those indicated for each criterionmay be used if thecompetentbodyassessingtheapplicationacceptstheirequivalence.Where appropriate, competent bodies may require supporting documentation and may carry outindependent verifications. The competent bodies are recommended to take into account theimplementation of recognised environmentalmanagement schemes, such as EMAS or EN ISO14001,when assessing applications andmonitoring compliancewith the criteria (Note: it is not required toimplementsuchmanagementschemes).(b)Measurementthresholds

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Unlessotherwiseindicatedcompliancewiththeecologicalcriteriaisrequiredforsubstancesintentionallyadded,aswellasforbyproductsandimpuritiesfromrawmaterials,theconcentrationofwhichequalsorexceeds0,010%byweightoffinalformulation.(2)Functionalunitandreferenceflow Thereferenceflowforthefunctionalunitofthisproductgroupistheamountofpaintrequiredtocovera20m2 surface toa98%opacity.The ingoing substances shallbealsoexpressed ingof ingredientperamountofpaintrequiredtocovera20m2surfacetoa98%opacity.Theexactformulationoftheproduct(tradename,chemicalname,CASno.),thefunctionandtheformofalltheingoingsubstances(regardlessofconcentration)thatareusedbytheapplicantaswelltheingoingquantity including and excluding water or solvent should be provided to the competent body. Anysubstance,includingimpurities,presentinconcentrationsgreaterthan0,01%(m/m)shouldbereportedunlessalowerconcentrationisspecifiedelsewhereinthecriteria.Where ingredients are referred to in the criteria, this includes substances and preparations. Thedefinitions of substances and preparations are given in the REACH Regulation (Regulation (EC) No1907/2006oftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncil(1).Safetydatasheetsforeach ingoingsubstanceshallbesubmittedtothecompetentbody inaccordancewithRegulation(EC)No1907/2006oftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncil.

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2.3 CriteriaDecision:Article1(Scope)During the implementationanduseof theEUEcolabel, severalquestionson the scopeof the criteriahavebeenraised.Table1summarisestheproposedamendments,stakeholderfeedback(fromtheinitialsurvey and the 1st AHWG) and provides guidance on a decision for inclusion or rejection from theEcolabel.There were requests to clearly define the terms transparent and semitransparent. Informationprovided by stakeholders states that semitransparent products pigments are nonwhite2, whichincreasesthepaintsopacitybutdoesnotresult in itbeingcompletelyopaque. Transparentpaintsdonotcontainanypigment.ThisisofparticularimportanceforpaintsthatcontainonlyasmallamountofTiO2(whitepigment)forclassificationandassessmentunderCriterionNumbers1and2. Thefollowingclarificationhasbeenproposedbystakeholdersandincludedintheamendedcriterion:

Transparentandsemitransparentshouldaddacontrastratioof:Transparent98%at120.

Confusionexistsovertheterminologyforprimersandundercoats.Thesetermsareoftenconsidered,erroneously,assynonymous.ThefollowingclarificationsfromAnnexIofDirective2004/42/CE:onthelimitationofemissionsofvolatileorganiccompoundsduetotheuseoforganicsolventsincertainpaintsandvarnishesandvehiclerefinishingproductsarenowincludedwithinthetext:

1.1.d:d)interior/exteriortrimandcladdingpaintsforwood,metalorplasticmeanscoatingsdesignedforapplicationtotrimandcladdingwhichproduceanopaquefilm.Thesecoatingsaredesignedforeitherawood,metaloraplasticsubstrate.Thissubcategoryincludesundercoatsandintermediatecoatings1.1.g:primersmeanscoatingswithsealingand/orblockingpropertiesdesignedforuseonwoodorwallsandceilings.

Stakeholderswere in general in agreementwith the use of these clarifications, although somewereconcernedthatdefinition1.1.gcouldbeconsideredastoonarrow.

2Asmallamountofwhitepigmentissometimesusedinsomesemitransparentpaints.

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Table1:DiscussionofchangestothescopeoftheEUEcolabelandcommentsfromstakeholdersProduct Discussion Stakeholderfeedback Recommendation

Woodoils

These treatments for wood penetrate the woods surface and are arguably different thanvarnishes.WoodoilsaremainlysolventbasedandrequireasignificantvariationontheamountofallowableVOC tobepermitted. Theseproductspenetrate thewoodrather than formingasolidsurfaceandaresometimesnotclassifiedaspaintsunderthecurrentdefinition. Also,thediscussion at the AHWG for revision of this criteria in 2007 concluded that they should beomitted

MixedviewsExcludebutproposetoincludeinthe

Commissionsrecommendationletterforinvestigationinthenextcriteriarevision

UVcurablepaintsThesespecialistpaintsareinwideuse,howeverarenotreadilyavailableonthedomestic

market.Theyalsorequirespecialisedequipmentduringapplication.Unanimousexclude Exclude

Powdercoatings/paints

Thesearecurrentlyspecifiedwithinscope,however,theyfacesimilarconcernsasUVcurablepaintsoveravailabilityonthemarketandusebynonindustrialusers.Theyaretechnicalpaints

usuallyappliedinanindustrialsettingrequiringovenstocurethepaints.Unanimousexclude Exclude

Anticorrosivemetalprimersandtopcoats

StakeholdersindicatethatmanyoftheseproductsarespecialisedforindustrialusesandwouldgenerallyfailEUEcolabelstandards.Somearguethatthelessactivewaterbasedproducts

shouldbeincluded.Mixedviews

IncludebutfinalresolutiontobemadeatthenextAHWG.Incaseofinclusionweproposeanadditionalfitnessforuse

criterion.Nonfilmformingcoatings(egstoneprotectionmaterials)

Thisclassofproductsdoesnotformafilmandarethereforeexcludedunderthecriterionselection.

MixedviewsExcludebutfinalresolutiontobemade

atthenextAHWG

Preparationproducts(likefillingputtiesforholes,cracks)

Theexplicitexclusionoffacadecoatingfromthecurrentcriteriasuggeststhatsimilarproductssuchasfillingputtiesshouldalsobeexcluded.

MixedviewsExcludebutproposetoincludeinthe

Commissionsrecommendationletterforinvestigationinthenextcriteriarevision

Thickwaterproofingandinsulationcoatingsforoutdooruses

Alackofsuitablespreadingratecriterioncurrentlypreventstheirinclusion,and,therefore,thedevelopmentofanappropriateclauseunderspreadingratesisrequired.

NoorweakresponsesExcludebutguidanceisneededfromthe

nextAHWG

Parquetandfloorwaxes

Theseformsolidtransparentfilmsonwoodfloors.Althoughscopeexistsforinclusionwithinthecurrentdocument,(througharticles1&2)andcouldbeconsideredasavarnish,the

CompetentBodyForumonJune2011excludedtheseproductsduetothefactthattheyhavenotbeenconsideredduringdevelopmentofthecurrentcriteria.

Mixedviews.Weakpositiveresponses.

ExcludebutproposetoincludeintheCommissionsrecommendationletterforinvestigationinthenextcriteriarevision

FaadecoatingsFaadecoatingsarecurrentlyexcludedfromthecriteriaofpaintsforindoorusebutareincluded

intheoutdoor.Noresponse

ExcludebutguidanceisneededfromthenextAHWG.

Paintsusedforstreetmarking

Typicallythisproductisnotpurchasedbyprivateconsumers.However,asitisconsideredhighlyrelevantforthescopeoftheGreenPublicProcurementcriteria,forthesakeofconsistency,itcouldbeconsideredtoincludealsoinEcolabel.Commentsforadefinitionproposalfrom

stakeholdersarewelcome.

Unanimousexclude Exclude

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The below section gives details of the updates of the EU Ecolabel Paints and Varnishes scope anddefinitions.

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Theproductgrouppaintsandvarnishesshallcomprisebothindoorandoutdoordecorativepaintsandvarnishes,woodstainsandrelatedproducts,asdefinedinparagraph2,intendedforusebydoityourselfandprofessionalusers(pleasenotethatthesearenotindustrialusers).Thisincludes,interalia,floorcoatingsandfloorpaints,productswhicharetintedbydistributorsattherequestofamateurorprofessionaldecorators,tintingsystems,decorativepaintsinliquidorpasteformulaswhichmayhavebeenpreconditioned,tintedorpreparedbythemanufacturertomeetconsumersneeds,includingwoodpaints,woodanddeckingstains,masonrycoatingsandmetalfinishesprimersandundercoatsofsuchproductsystemsasdefinedwithinDirective2004/42/CEAnnexI1.1.dand1.1.g.

Definitions

Paintmeansapigmentedcoatingmaterial,inliquidorinpasteform,whichwhenappliedtoasubstrate,formsanopaquefilmhavingprotective,decorativeorspecifictechnicalproperties.Varnishmeansaclearcoatingmaterialwhichwhenappliedtoasubstrateformsasolidtransparentfilmhavingprotective,decorativeorspecifictechnicalproperties.Afterapplication,thepaintorvarnishdriestoasolid,adherentandprotectivecoating.Decorativepaintsandvarnishesmeanspaintsandvarnishesthatareappliedtobuildings,theirtrimandfittings,fordecorativeandprotectivepurposes.Theyareappliedinsitu.Whiletheirmainfunctionisdecorativeinnature,theyalsohaveaprotectiverole.Woodstains(lasures)meanscoatingsproducingatransparentorsemitransparent(usingsubstantiallynonwhitepigment)filmfordecorationandprotectionofwoodagainstweathering,whichenablesmaintenancetobecarriedouteasily.Tintingsystemsisamethodofpreparingcolouredpaintsbymixingabasewithcolouredtints.Masonrycoatingsarecoatingsthatproduceadecorativeandprotectivefilmforuseonconcrete,(paintable)brickwork,blockwork,rendering,calciumsilicateorfibrereinforcedcement.Theyareintendedprincipallyforexterioruse,butmayalsobeusedinternally,oronsoffitsandbalconyceilings.Thefollowingdefinitionsshallbeused:Transparent:contrastratio98%at120.Whiteandlightcolouredpaintsarethosewithatristimulus(Yvalue)>70%3.Theproductgroupshallnotcomprise:

a)antifoulingcoatingsb)woodpreservationproductsc)coatingsforparticularindustrialandprofessionaluses,includingheavydutycoatingsd)facadecoatingse)Powdercoatingsf)UVcurablepaintsystemsg)Paintsprimarilyintendedforvehiclesh)productsthatdonotformfilmoverthesubstrate.

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3 Production

3.1 Rawmaterialsourcing

3.1.1 WhitePigmentsA reduction in theuseofpigment inpaints,particularly titaniumdioxide, isdesirablebecause it isamajorcontributortothepaintsenvironmentalimpact.Pigmenthasaneffectontheopacityofpaint,thereforeanyreduction inusemustbebalancedagainsta reduction in theperformance. Paintspreadingperformance isdefinedwithintheSpreadingRatecriterionandisdirectlylinkedtotheamountofpigmentaddedtothepaint.AlterationstotheSpreadingRateCriterionalongwiththiscriterionshouldbeconsideredinparalleltoensurethatanychangesdonotprovetoorestrictive.Tosimplifythisproblem,thethresholdsforthespreadingratewillbeheldattheircurrentlevelsandthatchangesaremadetothiscriterion.Respondents tothesurvey,mainly from industry,statedthatthecurrentrequirementsaredifficulttomeetand that any further tightening would significantly impact on the quality of the paint. To evaluate thisresponse,anonymiseddatawere received fromapprovedEUEcolabelapplications fromcompetentbodies.Thesedataprovidedperformance informationonsuccessfullyEcolabelledproducts. AcomparisonbetweentheamountofwhitepigmentrequiredbyEUEcolabelledpaintsandthecriterionlimitwasperformed.Table2summarisestheseresults.Table2:AmountofTiO2perm

2ofEUEcolabelledpaints

TypeNumberofpaints

Averagewhitepigment(g/m2)

Standarddeviation(g/m2)

Currentthreshold(g/m2)

Indoor 58 23.5 8.6 36

Outdoor 12 18.1 13.3 38Basedonthedatacollected,currentEUEcolabelledproductsperformsignificantlybetterthanthosedefinedbythecriteriaforbothindoorandoutdoorpaints.Analysisofthecumulativefrequencyshowsthatamountsoftitaniumdioxidevaryinsubmittedpaints,withonlyasmallproportionofpaintshavinggreaterthan30g/m2ofwhitepigment(Figure1).Stakeholderfeedbackstatedthatthesefiguresarelow,andthattheamountofTiO2inpaintinSouthernEuropeisconsiderablyhigher.StakeholdersclaimthatthelowerlevelsofTiO2areduetoalargenumberofmattwallemulsionsthatareEcolabelledratherthanhigherperformingpaints.Furtheranalysisofthepaintswithhigherconcentrationsofwhitepigmentislimitedduetoconfidentiality;therefore,verifyingstakeholderclaimsthathighscrubresistancepaintscannotbeEcolabelledwasnotpossible.

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Figure1:TiO2contentinEUEcolabelledpaintsBasedonthisdata,anopportunityexiststoreducethewhitepigmentcontentofpaintswithoutexcludingthemajorityof current EU Ecolabelledpaints,however, comments from stakeholders suggested that a furtherreductionwasnotpossible.Atthe1stAHWGtherewasnearlyaunanimouscalltokeepthelevelsastheyare.Stakeholders commented that elastomeric coatings, inparticular PVCbasedpaints (A1A5 according to EN10621)andhighbindercontentpaintswhichareparticularlyusedforhighwetscrubresistancepaints(class1inwet scrub resistance EN13300), are currently excluded from the Ecolabelbecauseof the currentwhitepigmentcontentrequirements. ThesepaintsrequiremoreTiO2toachievetherequisiteopacity. A secondtierwhite pigment limit has been proposed set specifically for highwet scrub resistant (Class 1) paints.Furthermore,therewereseveralstakeholdersubmissionsonincludingclass4or5wetscrubresistantpaints,particularly formattpaints. Class4wetscrub resistantpaintscouldbeusedas theminimumperformancebenchmark.Thiswouldenablesegregationbetweendifferentgradesofpaintbutalsoensurethataminimumdurabilitycriterionismandated.Threethresholdshavebeenprovidedwithinthenewcriterion.Acompetentbodyraisedaconcernthatcertainwoodstainsandvarnishescontainsmallquantitiesoftitaniumdioxide.Thisledtothequestionabouttheneedfortheseproductstoundergospreadratetestsandtheneedtoaudittheemissionsfromtitaniumdioxidemanufacture.ThisisconfirmedbythedataprovidedbycompetentbodiesandcollatedunderFigure1,whereanumberofEcolabelledpaintshaveverylowconcentrationsofTiO2(05g/m

2).Thispresentsthreeissues:

1. Determiningspreadrates(ifthepaintsaretransparent)and,thus,theamountofTiO2persquaremetermaybeverydifficult.

2. Applicantswillberequiredtoperformadditionalanalysisonproductsthatwillundoubtedlypassthecurrentrequirements.

3. TiO2whichisproducedusinghigherpollutingroutescanbeusedbecausethesmallamountofTiO2usedinthepaintformulationwillmeanthatthetotalpollutionlevelsforitsproductionwillbebelowthecurrentlymandatedthresholdincriterion2.

Tomitigateagainstpoint1,itcouldbeproposedthatafurtherexplanationshouldbedraftedintothiscriterionthatdescribeswhichpaintsareexemptedbyusingtheexclusionclausesdevelopedforcriterion7(a),namelyvarnishes,woodstains,floorcoatings,floorpaints,undercoats,adhesionprimersoranyothertransparentcoatings.Thisalsoaddressespoint2.Topreventtheuseoftheapproachdescribedunderpoint3,modifyingthecalculationundercriterion2topergramofTiO2,ratherthan permetersquaredofpaintwillensurethat lowpollutingTiO2 isusedwithinthepaint.

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A suggestionwasmade to includeweathering as a test fordurabilityof thepaint. Unfortunately, furtherinformationonhowto integratethissystemwithinthecurrenttestingrequirementswasnotsupplied. It isrecommendedthattheuseofweatheringasaproxyfordurabilityisreexaminedatthenextrevision.

3.1.2 TitaniumDioxideAsisdescribedwithinthebackgroundreport,titaniumdioxideisasignificantcontributortotheenvironmentalimpactofpaint.Itisimportantinenhancingtheperformanceofthepaintandsoacarefulbalancedapproachis needed in order to ensure that high quality paints are produced,whilstminimising the impact to theenvironment. Within the current revision of the EU Ecolabel criteria on paints and varnishes, there is acriterionthatlimitstheemissionsfromtitaniumdioxideproduction.There is somedisputeas towhether the intentionof this criterionwas to set limitsonSOxemissionsandsulphatewastesfromthechlorideprocess.TheTitaniumDioxideHarmonisationDirective3doesnotstipulatelimits forSOxemissions forchloridewastes. Furthermore,stakeholdershaveargued that the levelsofSOxemissionsfromthechlorideprocessaresolowtheycanbeexcludedfromthecalculation.Fromdatasuppliedby theReferenceDocument onBestAvailable Technology for theManufactureof LargeVolume InorganicChemicals (BREF) (August 2007), sulphur dioxide emissions are released (albeit to a lesser extent) duringproductionoftitaniumdioxideviathechlorideroute.Table3showsSOxemissionfromtheproductionofTiO2via the chloride routeandalso calculates theeffectofSOxemissionsona typicalpaint formulationwithamaximumof38gofTiO2persquaremeterasmandatedbycriterion1foroutdoorpaints.

392/112/EEC

Whitepigmentcontent (white inorganicpigmentswitha refractive indexhigher than1,8):Paintsshallhaveawhitepigmentcontentlowerorequaltothatdescribedinthetablebelowperm2ofdryfilm,with98%opacity.Wetscrubresistance Indoorlimit(g/m2) Outdoorlimit(g/m2)Class1 40 42Class2 36 38Class4(Mattpaints) 25 27

Thisrequirementdoesnotapplytovarnishesandwoodstains.Assessmentandverification:Theapplicantshalleitherprovideadeclarationofnonuseorprovidedocumentationshowingthecontentofwhitepigments,thespreadingrateandtheassessmentandverificationcriteriasetoutforthewetscrubresistancecriterion,togetherwiththedetailedcalculationshowingcompliancewiththiscriterion.

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Table3:EmissionsfromEuropeanTiO2manufacturingplantsusingthechlorideprocessbasedonBREFdata

4SOxemissionsfromachlorideplant5 SOxemissionspertonneofTiO2

Average 1.28kg/tonne

Maximum 4.14kg/tonne

Minimum 0.15kg/tonne

SOxemissionsper38gofpaint(basedonBREF) SOxemissionsperm2

Average 48mg/m2

Maximum 157mg/m2

Minimum 5mg/m2Basedon theargumentprovidedabove, themaximumamountof SOxemitted froma chloridebasedTiO2plantis40%lessthanthethresholdfortheEUEcolabel.AlthoughtheBREFreportwaspublishedin2007,thecalculationswithin the reportarebasedondata from1999andareoutofdate. SeveralstakeholdershavestatedthattheSOxemissionsfromchlorideplantsaresignificantly lowerthanthatprovidedbythesulphateroute and therefore need not be included. Also, the Titanium Dioxide Harmonisation Directive does notrequirechlorideroutemanufacturerstoreportSOxemissionsmakingitdifficultfortheseproducerstoprovideevidencetotheEcolabel.Thiswillhavetwopossibleconsequences,eitheraddingundueburdeninmonitoringandprovidingemissionsdataoreffectivelybanningchloridederivedTiO2fromtheEcolabel. Asaresult,itisproposedthatSOxemissionsshouldonlyberelevanttothesulphateroute.Duringtheassessmentprocess,anapplicantstatedthattheirTiO2supplierrecycledtheirsulphursolidwasteinternally. Under such circumstances, the applicant argued that the sulphur should be considered a byproductandexemptfromthecriterion.TheWasteFrameworkDirective2008/98/EC,article3defineswaste:ifthisTiO2producercansatisfyarticle5(byproductproduction)oftheWasteFrameworkDirective,thenthesulphurwastecanbeexempt.Asuggestedamendmenttothecriteriahasbeenmade.Ananalysisofanonymiseddata,receivedfromsuccessfulEUEcolabelapplicationsfromseveralNationalCompetentBodies,enabledacomparisonofthresholdsattainedbysubmittedpaintformulations.Table4summarisestheseresults.Table4:AverageemissionsfromthemanufactureofTiO2forsuccessfulEUEcolabelpaintapplications.TiO2Origin Averagevaluesperpaint

Numberofproducts SOx S Nat Synth Slag

Sulphateonlyprocesses 36 139 8.8

(StandardDeviation) 56 4.2

Chlorideonlyprocesses 7 1.79 2.48 5.04

(StandardDeviation) 0.68 1.56 2.35

Mixedprocesses 38 99.4 7.3 1.83 3.17 5.66

(StandardDeviation) 87.9 5.7 1.04 1.79 3.54

Ecolabellimits(indoor) 252 18 3.7 6.4 11.9

4BestAvailableTechnologyfortheManufactureofLargeVolumeInorganicChemicals(BREF),EC,August2007

5Thefiguretakesintoaccountthechlorinationprocessandtheenergytogenerateheatfortheprocess.

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If theproductcontainsmore than3.0weight%of titaniumdioxide, theemissionsanddischargesofwastes from the production of any titanium dioxide pigment used shall not exceed the following (asderived from the Reference Document on Best Available Technology for theManufacture of LargeVolumeInorganicChemicals(BREF)(August2007)):Thesulphateprocess:

SOxcalculatedasSO2:7.0kg/tonTiO2 Sulphatewaste:500kg/tonTiO2.

Thechlorideprocess:

Ifnaturaloreisused,103kgchloridewaste/tonTiO2 Ifsyntheticoreisused:179kgchloridewaste/tonTiO2 Ifrutileoreisused:329kgchloridewaste/tonTiO2.

Ifmorethanonetypeoforeisused,thevalueswillapplyinproportiontothequantityoftheindividualoretypesused.Note:SOxemissionsonlyapplytothesulphateprocess.Fortheavoidanceofdoubt,theWasteFrameworkDirective2008/98/EC,article3defineswaste.IftheTiO2producercansatisfyarticle5(byproductproduction)oftheWasteFrameworkDirectiveforitssolidwastesthen,thewastesshallbeexempt.Assessmentandverification:Theapplicantshalleitherprovideadeclarationofnonuseorprovidethesupportingdocumentationindicatingtherespectivelevelsofemissionsanddischargesofwastesfortheseparameters,thetitaniumdioxidecontentoftheproduct,thespreadingrate,togetherwiththedetailedcalculationsshowingcompliancewiththiscriterion.

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4 Use

4.1 Efficiencyinuse

Therehavebeenseveralrequeststoprovideguidanceontheapplicationofthe"efficiencyinuse"criteriabystakeholders.Anewcriterionnoteisproposedbelow.

4.1.1 SpreadingrateAkeyenvironmentalconsiderationistheamountofpaintusedduringapplication.Minimisingtheamountofpaintused,whilstachievingahighquality finishcan result ina significantenvironmental saving. Themostappropriatecriterionbywhichthiscanbemonitoredisthroughthepaintsspreadingrate.ThisisacriterioninthecurrentrevisionoftheEUEcolabelPaintsandVarnishes.The interplaybetween this criterionand criterion1 in section3.1.1mean thata variation ineitherhasanimpact on both. It is suggested that this criterion remains largely unchanged and that improvement inenvironmentalperformanceshouldfocusontheamountofwhitepigmentwithintheformulationsdescribedinSection3.1.1.Thetestprotocolsdefinedwithinthecitedstandardshavenotbeenmodifiedsincethepreviousrevisionandcanbeusedfortheupdatedcriteriadocument.Theperformance criterion (spreading rate) for thickdecorative coatings ismissing foroutdoorpaintseventhoughtheyarementionedinthescopeofthedocument.Moststakeholderssuggestthattheindoorcriteria

Dependantontheclaimsmadeonthepropertiesofthepaint,thefollowingtestsshallbeundertaken.

Notes:1Theseareallproductsmarketedasoutdoorpaintsandincludemasonrypaints2Onlyrequiredwheremarketingclaimsaremadeaboutthepaints

Criteria All Outdoor1 VarnishFloor

coveringandpaint

UndercoatMasonrypaint

Spreadingrate X

Wetscrubresistance

X

Resistancetowater

X

Adhesion X X X

Abrasion X X

Weathering X X

Watervapourpermeability2

X

Liquidwaterpermeability2

X

Fungalresistance2

X

Crackbridging2 X

Alkaliresistance2 X

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canbealsoappliedtooutdoorproducts.Severalstakeholdersquestionedtheavailabilityofappropriatethickdecorativecoatingsforoutdooruse,suggestingthatanyrequirementwouldberedundant;however,severalexamples seem tobeavailable.6 A combinationof indoorandoutdoorpaint criteriamayenableaunifiedthresholdbasedonthecurrentindoorlevel.For opaque paints based on nonwhite (low TiO2) bases, a gap currently exists in the ability to test theirspreadingrates.ApossibleoptionistheFrenchteststandardNFT30073:19890801,althoughthestandardspopularityanduseisunknown.Althoughinformationwassought,noadditionalinformationwasforthcomingontheapplicabilityoruseofthisstandard,thereforeitissuggestedthatitisnotincludedwithinthisrevision.Asuggestionwasmadetodifferentiatethesetlimitsforprimersandundercoats.Thereasoningbehindisthatthemain functionofaprimer is toprepare themediumand tohomogenize theporosityof themedium inorder togive to the finalcoatabestadhesion.Theadhesion ismoreoverprovedby the test reportswhichshouldbemadeontheundercoats.Thereforeitwasarguedthatforprimersandundercoatsthefocusshouldbeon the limits for adhesion rather than spreading rate; the currentones aredifficult to achieve. Furtherinformationandfeedbackfromstakeholdertosupportivethisisneededbeforeprimersandundercoatsshouldbetreatedseparately.Astheproposedlimitsarealreadyinuseandinthe1stAHWGtherewasnodiscussiononthispoint it ispreliminaryrecommendedtoremainwiththecurrentproposalandtoreexaminethisatalaterstagebasedonstakeholderresponse.ItissuggestedthatthetermundercoatisremovedfromtheexemptedlisttoalignthiscriterionwiththedefinitionofundercoatsandprimersdescribedinSection2.3.Whitepaintsandlightcolouredpaints(includingfinishes,primers,undercoatsand/orintermediates)shallhaveaspreadingrate(atahidingpowerof98%)ofatleast8m2perlitreofproductforindoorpaintsand6m2foroutdoorpaints.Fortintingsystems,thiscriterionappliesonlytothewhitebase(thebasecontainingthemostTiO2).Incaseswherethewhitebaseisunabletoachievethisrequirement,thecriterionshallbemetaftertintingthewhitebasetoproducethestandardcolourRAL9010.ForallotherbasesusedtoproducetintedproductsthesearebaseswhichasarulecontainlessTiO2,whichareunabletoachievetherequirementofatleast8m2perlitreofproductatahidingpowerof98%thecriterionshallnotapply.Forpaintsthatareapartofatintingsystem,theapplicantmustadvisetheenduserontheproductpackagingand/orPOSwhichshadeorprimer/undercoat(ifpossiblebearingtheCommunityEcolabel)shouldbeusedasabasecoatbeforeapplyingthedarkershade.Primerswithspecificblocking/sealing,penetrating/bindingpropertiesandprimerswithspecialadhesionpropertiesforaluminiumandgalvanisedsurfacesshallhaveaspreadingrate(atahidingpowerof98%)ofatleast6m2perlitreofproduct.Thickdecorativecoatings(paintsthatarespeciallydesignedtogiveathreedimensionaldecorativeeffectandarethereforecharacterisedbyaverythickcoat)shallalternativelyhaveaspreadingpowerof1m2

perkgofproduct.Elastomericpaintsshallhaveaspreadingrate(atahidingpowerof98%)ofatleast4m2perlitreofproduct.Thisrequirementdoesnotapplytovarnishes,woodstains,floorcoatings,floorpaints,primersoranyothertransparentcoatings.Assessmentandverification:TheapplicantshallprovideatestreportusingthemethodISO6504/1(PaintsandvarnishesdeterminationofhidingpowerPart1:KubelkaMunkmethodforwhiteandlightcolouredpaints)or6504/3(Part3:determinationofcontrastratio(opacity)oflightcolouredpaints

6http://www.rialtocolors.com/wallcoatings/thickcoatings.asp

18

atafixedspreadingrate),orforpaintsspeciallydesignedtogiveathreedimensionaldecorativeeffectandcharacterisedbyaverythickcoatthemethodNFT30073(orequivalent).Forbasesusedtoproducetintedproductsnotevaluatedaccordingtotheabovementionedrequirements,theapplicantshallproduceevidenceofhowtheenduserwillbeadvisedtouseaprimerand/orgrey(orotherrelevantshade)ofundercoatbeforeapplicationoftheproduct.4.1.2 WetscrubresistanceWet scrub resistance can be considered a means to determine the durability of a particular paint.Manufacturersstate that this isoneof thekeyperformance indicators forhardwearingpaints (particularlyfloorandbathroom/kitchenpaint).Thedurabilityofapaintisimportantinreducingitsenvironmentalimpact.AsisshownwithintheLCAinthebackgroundreport,anyincreaseintimebetweenrepaints,inthiscaseduetoanincreaseinwearresistance,leadstoadecreaseintheoveralllifecycleimpactofthepaint.A lengthydebateoverthe inclusionandscaleofthisrequirementprecededthedevelopmentofthecurrentcriterion. Akeyconcern iswhetherthistestneedstobecarriedoutforallpaintsoronlyforthoseclaimingwet scrub resistance. From an environmental perspective, more durable paints would reduce theenvironmental impact by increasing intervals between repainting. Thiswas particularly addressed in thetechnicalanalysis7. However, theproposeduniversal requirement thatallpaintsmustmeet this targetwasopposedbecause itwouldexcludemostmattwallpaintsandwas seenasunnecessary forwoodand trimpaints. Consensusonthese issueshasyettobereached,withbothviewsexpressedwithinthestakeholderconsultation; therefore,anyproposedchangeswouldneed furtherstakeholderengagementandagreementpriortoafinaldecision.Thesignificantenvironmental impactof improvingthedurabilityofthepaintmeansthat increasingthewetscrub resistance test is desirable. The additional positive consequence is that Ecolabel paints would beperceivedtobehighperformancepaints.Itisproposedwithinthewetscrubresistancecriterionthatthereisgradationofmaximumconcentrationsofwhitepigmentwithinthepaint.Thiswillallowhigherqualitypaintsto undergo Ecolabelling. To complement this, a change to this criterion is needed. A possible suggestedsolutionisthatthescrubresistancetestshouldbegradedtoenabledifferentiationbetweenbrushable(class2)andwashable(class1)paints.Thiscouldbeextendedtoclass4paintsaswell(mattpaints).Asaresult,allpaintswillneed toundergowet scrub resistance testing. Thiswouldaddanadditional costburden to thepaintmanufacturersbutwillsignificantlyimprovethequalityofEcolabelledpaint.Asmallchangehasbeenrequestedfromthestakeholdersthatclass2orbettermeans

19

4.1.3 ResistancetowaterThis test is important forwater resistant paints. The current test protocol is the latest available version.However, an international review of the ISO standard is underway and a document has been circulatedthroughthetechnicalcommitteeforcomment. Thepublicationdateofthenewstandard isunknownbut islikely tooccurduring the lifetimeof thenewcriteriadocument; therefore, thewordingwithin thecriterionmustreflectthisanticipatedchange.Therewasalsoarequesttoclarifythatallvarnishes,notjustfloorvarnishes,shallmeetthiscriterion.Recommendedminoramendmentstothecriteriontextaresuggestedbelow.

4.1.4 AdhesionTheprotocolhasnotbeenupdatedsincethepreviousrevisionoftheEcolabelandthereisconsensusthatthisisappropriateforcontinueduseintheEUEcolabel.Itisrecommendedthatthetestshouldbereusedwithoutrevision.Stakeholdersagreedonthisinthe1stAHWG.

AllpaintsshallhaveawetscrubresistanceasmeasuredbyEN13300andENISO11998ofclass4(notexceeding70micronsafter200cycles).Paints (according toEN13300) forwhichclaimsaremade (whetheron theproductor in relatedmarketingmaterial) that theyarebrushable, shallhaveawet scrub resistanceasmeasuredbyEN13300andEN ISO11998ofclass2(notexceeding20micronsafter200cycles).Paints(accordingtoEN13300)forwhichclaimsaremade(whetherontheproductorinrelatedmarketingmaterial)thattheyarehardwearing,shallhaveawetscrubresistanceasmeasuredbyEN13300andENISO11998ofclass1(notexceeding5micronsafter200cycles).Duetothelargepotentialrangeofpossibletintingcolours,thiscriterionwillberestrictedtothetestingoftintingbases.Assessmentandverification:TheapplicantshallprovideatestreportaccordingtoEN13300usingthemethodENISO11998(Testforcleanabilityandscrubresistance).

Allvarnishes,floorcoatingsandfloorpaintsshallhavearesistancetowater,asdeterminedbyISO28123suchthatafter24hoursexposureand16hoursrecoverynochangeofglossorofcolouroccurs.Assessment and verification: The applicant shall provide a test report using themethod ISO 28123(Paints and varnishesdeterminationof resistance to liquidsPart3:Methodusing an absorbentmedium).**Thistestprocedureisdueforrevisionduringthelifetimeofthiscriterion.Ifthereisasubstantivechangetothisprocedure,adecisionbytheCompetentBodyForumshallbetakenontheappropriateteststandardused.

Pigmentedmasonry primers shall score a pass in the EN 24624 (ISO 4624) pulloff test where thecohesivestrengthofthesubstrateislessthantheadhesivestrengthofthepaint,otherwisetheadhesionofthepaintmustbeinexcessofapassvalueof1,5MPa.

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4.1.5 AbrasionTheprotocolhasnotbeenupdatedsincethepreviousrevisionoftheEcolabelandthereisconsensusthatthisisappropriateforcontinueduseintheEUEcolabel.

4.1.6 WeatheringAnappropriatecolourchangetestwasnotstipulatedwithinthecurrentcriterion.TheuseofISO77243:1984was suggested as themost appropriate standard available, which achieved general agreement from thestakeholders.ThisstandardisduetobesupersededbyISO11664withinthetimeframeofthenextrevisionofthe EU Ecolabel criteria document. This must be taken into account when drafting the new criterion.Appropriatewordinghasbeenprovidedonthispoint.Allothertestspecificationscitedwithinthisdocumentareuptodateandappearsuitedfortheirrespectiveidentifiedrolesandwillbeusedasinthecriterion.Thecurrentcriteriondoesnotaccountforpossiblecolourchanges intransparent,colouredproductssuchaswoodstains.Thisisaproblembecausethesubstratehasanimpactontheoverallcolourofthepaintandanycolourchangetothewoodsubstrateduetoweatheringwillaffecttheresultsofatest.AtemporarysolutionproposedbytheCompetentBodyForumwastheuseofan inertsubstratesuchasglassormetaltoremovetheeffectofthewoodontheoveralltestresults.Thisproposalhasmetwithsignificantresistance:itisarguedthatusinganartificialsubstratewillhavean impactontheperformanceofthewoodstain. Inparticular,theadhesion and flakingpropertiesof thepaintwillbe significantly affected. This in turn is likely tohave animpactontheperformanceofthecolourfadeofthepaint.Itseemsclearthattestingtheadhesioncharacteristicsofthepaintshouldbeconductedontheappropriatesubstrate (in the case ofwoodstains, on untreatedwood). There is a further question as towhether anadditionalseparatetestonaninertmaterialcouldbeusedtomeasurecolourchangeduetoweathering.Anappropriatewhiteprimercouldbeusedtoenhanceadhesionofthewoodstaintothe inertsubstrate. Somestakeholders are concerned, however, that the higher financial costs associatedwith the additional testswouldbeprohibitive.

Floorcoatings,floorpaints,floorundercoats,metalundercoatsandwoodundercoatsshallscore

21

Additionalstakeholderfeedbackwasnotreceivedonthisissuefromthe1stAHWG,thereforenoadditionalclausewillbeaddedinthisrevision,witharecommendationthattheissueisrevisitedatthenextrevision.Aminorchangetothetextisrequiredtostatethattheglossfinishingtestsonlyapplytoglossandsatinpaintsandvarnishesandtheyareinappropriateformattpaints.Appropriatetexthasbeensuggested.MasonryfinishpaintsandwoodandmetalfinishesincludingvarnishesshallbeexposedtoartificialweatheringinapparatusincludingfluorescentUVlampsandcondensationorwatersprayaccordingto11507:2007.Masonrypaintsshallbeexposedtotestconditionsfor1000hours,woodandmetalfinishes(includingvarnishes)shallbeexposedtotestconditionsfor500hours.Testconditionsare:UVA4h/60degC+humidity4h/50degC.Alternatively,woodfinishesandwoodvarnishesmaybeexposedtoweatheringfor500hoursintheQUVacceleratedweatheringapparatuswithcyclicexposurewithUV(A)radiationandsprayingaccordingtoEN9276.AccordingtoISO77243:1984,thecolourchangeofsamplesexposedtoweatheringshallnotbegreaterthan*=4andisnotapplicabletotransparentvarnishesandbases.Todeterminecolourchangeofwoodstains,aseparatesampleshallbepreparedusinganinertsubstrateandundergoweatheringusingastandardprotocoloutlinedabove.Decreasesamplesinglossforpaintsandvarnishesexposedtoweatheringshallnotbegreaterthan30%ofitsinitialvalueandshallbemeasuredusingISO2813.Thisisnotapplicabletomattfinishpaints.ChalkingshallbetestedusingmethodENISO46286:2007onmasonryfinishcoatsandwoodandmetalfinishes(whereapplicable)afterthesampleshavebeenexposedtoweathering.Coatingsshallachieveascoreof1,5orbetter(0,5or1,0)inthistest.Inthestandardthereareillustratedreferences.Thefollowingparametersshallalsobeevaluatedonmasonryfinishcoatsandwoodandmetalfinishesafterthesampleshavebeenexposedtoweathering:

FlakingaccordingtoISO46285:2003;flakedensity2orless,flakesize2orless CrackingaccordingtoISO46284:2003;crackquantity2orless,cracksize3orless BlisteringaccordingtoISO46282:2003;blisterdensity3orless,blistersize3orless.

Duetothelargenumberofpossibletintingcolours,thesetestswillberestrictedtothebasepaintused.Assessmentandverification:TheapplicantshallprovidetestreportsusingeitherISO11507:2007accordingtothespecifiedparametersorEN9276,orboth(ifrelevant).TheapplicantshallprovidetestreportsusingENISO46282,4,5,6whereapplicable.Additionally,theapplicantshallprovideatestreportinconformancetoISO77243:1984*(whereapplicable).*ThistestprocedureisduetobesupersededbyISO11664duringthelifetimeofthiscriteria.Ifsubstantialchangestothisprocedurehavebeenmade,adecisionbytheCompetentBodyForumshallbetakenontheappropriateteststandardtobeused.

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4.1.7 WatervapourpermeabilityTheprotocolhasnotbeenupdatedsincethepreviousrevisionoftheEcolabelandthereisconsensusthatthisisappropriateforcontinueduseintheEUEcolabel.Thiscriterionwillbeincludedwithoutrevision.

4.1.8 LiquidwaterpermeabilityThetestprotocolhasnotbeenupdatedsincethepreviousrevisionoftheEcolabelandthereisconsensusthatthisisappropriateforcontinueduseintheEUEcolabel.AminorchangemadeisremovingtheDINidentifierofthestandard.

4.1.9 FungalresistanceTheprotocolhasnotbeenupdatedsincethepreviousrevisionoftheEcolabelandthereisconsensusthatthisisappropriateforcontinueduseintheEUEcolabel.Thiscriterionwillbeincludedwithoutrevision.

4.1.10 CrackbridgingThetestprotocolhasnotbeenupdatedsincethepreviousrevisionoftheEcolabelandthereisconsensusthatthis is appropriate for continued use in the EU Ecolabel. Aminor revisionmade is removing the DINidentifierofthestandard.

Where claims aremade that exteriormasonry and concrete paints are breathable the paint shall beclassifiedasclassII(mediumvapourpermeability)orbetteraccordingtothetestmethodENISO77832.Duetothelargenumberofpotentialtintingcolours,thiscriterionwillberestrictedtotestingofthebasepaint;thisrequirementisnotapplicabletotransparentprimers.Assessmentandverification:TheapplicantshallprovideatestreportusingmethodologyENISO77832.

Whereclaimsaremadethatexteriormasonryandconcretepaintsarewaterrepellentorelastomeric,thecoatingshallbeclassifiedasclassIII(lowliquidpermeability)accordingtomethodEN10623:1999.Duetothelargenumberofpotentialtintingcolours,thiscriterionwillberestrictedtothetestingofthebasepaint. All othermasonry paints shall be classified as class II (medium liquid permeability) or betteraccordingtothetestmethodEN10623:1999.Assessmentandverification:TheapplicantshallprovideatestreportusingmethodologyEN10623:1999.

Whereclaimsaremadethatmasonryfinishcoatingshaveantifungalproperties,thecoatingshallhaveascoreof2orbetter(lessthan10%fungalcoverage),asdeterminedbymethodBS3900:G6.Duetothelargenumberofpossibletintingcolours,thiscriterionwillberestrictedtothetestingofthebasepaint.Assessmentandverification:TheapplicantshallprovideatestreportusingmethodologyBS3900:G6.

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4.1.11 AlkaliresistanceTheprotocolhasnotbeenupdatedsincethepreviousrevisionoftheEcolabelandthereisconsensusthatthisisappropriateforcontinueduseintheEUEcolabel.Thiscriterionwillbeincludedwithoutrevision.

4.1.12 CorrosionresistanceTheinclusionofanticorrosionpaintswouldmandateanadditionalperformancecriterion.Furtherinputfromstakeholdersisneededtodraftthiscriterion.AsreferencebasisisproposedENISO12944part6referringtoclassC3(low/rural)withmediumdurability.Furthermore,forthemeasurementmethodcouldbeusedISO4628for2blisteringand3rusting.

4.2 Emissionsduringuse

4.2.1 VolatileorganiccompoundsVolatileOrganicCompounds(VOCs)areusedassolventswithinpaintstohelpkeepitstablepriortouseandaidinspreadinganddeliveryofthepainttothesubstrate.VOCsencompassawidevarietyofcompoundsandaregenerallyclassedasorganicsubstanceswithaboilingpointlessthan250C.8VOCsgenerallyevaporateorsublimatefromthepaintduringandafterapplication.Thereleaseoftheseemissionscancauseeye,nose,andthroat irritation alongwith headaches and loss of coordination. Due to thewide diversity of compoundsencompassedby thisclassification,moreextreme reactionscanalsopresent, inparticular:damage to liver,kidney,andcentralnervoussystemandsomearesuspectedorknowntocausecancerinhumans.9ThecurrentVOC limitswithintheEUEcolabelcriteriaarebasedonmodified(reduced)2010 limitsfromthePaintsDirective2004/42/EC.ArecastoftheDirectiveisunderwaybutnochangeonthelimitsisproposed.10Therefore, further amendments to the Ecolabel thresholdswill go beyond the values proposedwithin thePaintsDirective.Table5comparestheVOCDirectivesmorestringent2010criteriawiththosestipulatedwithintheEUEcolabelPaintsandVarnishescriteria(bothforindoorandoutdoorpaints).Ascanbeseen,thelevelsetwithintheEUEcolabelcriteria rangesbetween0and55% lower than thecorresponding restrictionsmandatedwithin the

8Directive2004/42/CE9http://www.epa.gov/iaq/voc.html10http://ec.europa.eu/environment/air/pollutants/stationary/paints/paints_review.htm

Whereclaimsaremadethatmasonry(orconcrete)painthaselastomericproperties, itshallbeat leastclassified asA1 at 23 C according to EN 10627:2004. Due to the large number of potential tintingcolours,thiscriterionwillberestrictedtothetestingofthebasepaint.Assessmentandverification:TheapplicantshallprovideatestreportusingmethodologyDINEN10627:2004

Masonrypaintsandprimersshallshownonoticeabledamagewhenthecoating isspottedfor24hourswith10%NaOHsolutionaccordingtomethod ISO28124:2007. Theevaluation isdoneafter24hoursdryingrecovery.Assessment and verification: The applicant shall provide a test report usingmethodology ISO 28124:2007.

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VOCDirective.Feedbackfromthestakeholdersstatedthatfurtherreductionsincertainproductgroupsmaybepossible.Thesuggestedreductionshavebeenincludedinthefinalcolumnofthetable.Table5:ComparisonbetweentheVOCDirectiveemissionlimits,thosemandatedintheEUEcolabelandstakeholderfeedbackonachievablelevels.

DatagatheredfromdossiersofsuccessfulEUEcolabelapplicationshavebeenprovidedasanonymiseddatafromtheCompetentBodiesandsummarisedinTable6.Table6:AsummaryoftheVOClevelsofEUEcolabelledpaintsandvarnishes

Competentbodydata

TypeAverage

Standarddeviation

No.oflicenses

Criteriamaximum

Difference%

difference

1Packperformancecoatings 77.8 21.6 8 100 22.2 22.2

Exteriortrimandcladdingpaintsforwoodandmetalincludingundercoats

41.2 2.7 10 90 48.8 54.2

Exteriortrimvarnishesandwoodstains,includingopaquewoodstains

12.0 7.9 23 90 78.0 86.7

InteriorMatt(walls/ceiling)(Gloss

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A full analysis of the list is not possible on all paint types due to a lack of data for certain painttypes.Additional information from stakeholders is requested. Wheredata is available, though, the averageVOCcontentofEUEcolabelledproductsissignificantlylowerthantheCriterionthresholdforthepaint(exceptforinteriorglossyandprimerswhereonlyonesubmissionhasbeen recordedandmeaningful resultsarenotpossibletoderive).Basedontheevidenceabove,examiningthestakeholderfeedback,otherecolabellingschemes,analysisofdossiersfromcompetentbodiesandadesiretoimprovestandards,Table7providesnewEUEcolabellimitsforVOCcontentinpaint.Table7:ProposedchangestotheVOClevelsforEcolabelledpaints

Description EUEcolabel(g/l) Newlimits

Interiormattwallsandceilings(Gloss25@60) 60 40

Exteriorwallsofmineralsubstrate 40 25

Interior/exteriortrimandcladdingpaintsforwoodandmetal

90 80

Interior/exteriortrimvarnishesandwoodstains,includingopaquewoodstains

75indoor90outdoor

65

Interiorandexteriorminimalbuildwoodstains 75 75

Primers 15 10

Bindingprimers 15 10

Onepackperformancecoatings 100 50

Twopackreactiveperformancecoatingsforspecificendusesuchasfloors

100 80

Decorativeeffectcoatings 90 80

Stakeholders request that the calculation for theVOC limits should apply topaint in a readytouse stateratherthanincan.Thiswillpreventtheadditionofextrasolventtothepaintpriortouse,whichcouldhaveadverseeffectontheuser.Recommendedwordinghasbeenaddedtothenewcriterion.Thedecline inuseofVOCshas led toan increase in theuseofSemiVolatileOrganicCompounds (SVOCs).SVOCs,foundinadhesivesforfloorsandwallcoveringmaterials,aredefinedashavingaboilingpointof380400C. Toacertainextent,therestrictionsonSVOCshavebeencoveredbyVAHsandphthalates. BoththeAustrianEcolabel11andtheGermanBlauEngel(BlueAngel)12specificallylimittheiruseinpaints,soinclusionintheEUEcolabelwillharmonisecriteria.ConstructionandbuildingproductsareamajorsourceofSVOCsandtheConstructionProductsDirective13hasanoptionalcriterion14thatSVOCsneedtobeavoidedwithinthesector15.ThemajorissueisthatSVOCscan

11AustrianEcolabelUZ01(2010)

12BlauEngelRALUZ12a

13Constructionproductsdirective89/106/EEC

14EuropeanCollaborativeAction.Urbanair,indoorenvironmentandhumanexposure.ReportNo27;Harmonisationframeworkforindoormateriallabelling

schemesintheEU(2010)15CEN/TC351Constructionproducts:Assessmentofthereleaseofdangeroussubstances.

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redistributethemselvesfromonesurface,suchaspaints,ontoothersurfaces,fromwhichtheycanbeinhaledandingested.16ItisrecommendedthatanadditionalclauseisaddedtothiscriterionbasedonvaluesprovidedbyalternativeEcolabels.Inputfromstakeholdersissoughtastothelevelofrestriction.FeedbackontheinclusionorrangeforSVOCwasnotprovidedbystakeholders.ItissuggestedthattheAustrianEcolabelthresholdof3%(30g/l)isused.Thecompounds:2butoxyethylacetate,diethyleneglycolmethylether,ethyleneglycol,triethyleneglycolareprohibitedfromAustrianEcolabel Paints,Varnishesandwoodsealant lacquersUZ01(2010)anddiethyleneglycolmethylether,ethyleneglycol,triethyleneglycolareprohibitedundertheAustrianEcolabelWallpaintsUZ17 (2010). Thehazardousnatureofthesecompoundsmeansthattheyareexplicitlyprohibited fromuseunderthenewhazardoussubstancescriteriasetout inSection4.2.10. Asaresult,additionalcriterion isnotneeded.Afurtherthresholdissuggestedforanticorrosionpaints.

16EnVIE;CoordinationActiononIndoorairQualityandHealthEffects

VolatileOrganicCompounds(VOC)shallnotexceed:

DescriptionVOClimits

(g/lincludingwater)

Indoormattwallsandceilings(Gloss25@60) 40

Outdoorwallsofmineralsubstrate 25

Indoor/Outdoortrimandcladdingpaintsforwoodandmetal 80

Indoortrimvarnishesandwoodstains,includingopaquewoodstains

65

Outdoortrimvarnishesandwoodstains,includingopaquewoodstains

75

IndoorandOutdoorminimalbuildwoodstains 50

Primers 10

Bindingprimers 10

Onepackperformancecoatings 80

Twopackreactiveperformancecoatingsforspecificendusesuchasfloors

80

Decorativeeffectcoatings 80

Anticorrosionpaints 80

Inthiscontextvolatileorganiccompounds(VOC)meansanyorganiccompoundshavinganinitialboilingpointlessthanorequalto250Cmeasuredatastandardpressureof101,3kPaasdefinedinDirective

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4.2.2 IndoorairqualityStudies inthe1980s intheUSA17showedthatthecontaminationof indoorairby12ofthemostcommonlyencounteredorganicpollutants (VOCs)wasbetween2and5 times that found inoutsideair irrespectiveofwhetheritwasinaruralorindustrialenvironment.LimitingemissionstoairwillreducehealthimpactsfromexposuretoVOCs.The background report described the desire aswell as the trend toward Indoor AirQuality (IAQ) testing.Althoughthisisanascentsubject,requirementsinGermanyand,inparticular,FrancearesuitableforinclusionintotheEUEcolabel.Ingeneral,thereissupportfortheuseofIAQtodeterminetheemissionsofVOCfrompaint.However,stakeholdersareconcernedoverthecostaswellasthefactthataninternationaltesthasyettobeagreed. These concernsare realandhavebeen taken intoaccount. The trend towards IAQ testingcannotbe ignored through the EU Ecolabel, therefore the following criterion isproposed (basedupon theFrenchcriterion).

4.2.3 MetalsIn largequantities,certainmetalsareconsideredcarcinogenicandhazardous tohumanhealth18. Althoughpresent intheenvironment,andnecessary forhumanhealth insmallamounts,any largeconcentrationcancauseacuteorchronictoxicity19.Astheyareelements,theycannotbebrokendownandthereforewillpersistin the environment20. When absorbedbyhumans, theyhavebeen shown tohavedetrimental effectsonkidney function, reproductive organs and the nervous system, particularly in unborn infants and youngchildren.Itisunclearfromthecurrentwordingiftheamountofallowabletraceconcentrationsofthesecompoundsisthe sumofalleightorapplies toeach individualone. Informationprovided fromminutesof thepreviousrevisionof theEUEcolabelcriteria suggest that the intentionwas that the0.01% (m/m) thresholdwasper

17EPA'sOfficeofResearchandDevelopment's"TotalExposureAssessmentMethodology(TEAM)Study"(VolumesIthroughIV,completedin1985

18http://www.apis.ac.uk/overview/pollutants/overview_HM.htm19http://www.lef.org/protocols/prtcl156.shtml20http://www.apis.ac.uk/overview/pollutants/overview_HM.htm

2004/42/EC.ThesubcategoriesforpaintsandvarnishesoftheDirectiveareusedfordefiningVOClimits.Thesevaluesshallbemeasuredatthepointofapplicationandmustincludeanyadditionalsolventaddedtothepaintpriortoapplication.ThetotalSemiVolatileOrganicCompound (SVOC)shallbe limitedto30g/l includingwater. SVOCaredefinedasorganicsubstancesormixtureswithaboilingrangebetween250and400C.Assessmentandverification:Theapplicantshallprovideadeclarationofcompliancewiththiscriterion.ForallproductstheapplicantshallindicatetheVOCandSVOCcontent.

IndoorAirQualityEachindoorpaintshallundergotestingforindoorairqualityandmeetClassA+asdefinedwithinFrenchDecreeNOR:DEVL1104875A.Thisrequirementisrestrictedtothelightestcolourpaintwithinaseriesor,intintingsystems,thebasepaint.Verificationandassessment:TheapplicantshallprovidetestresultsusingthemethodologydescribedwithinNOR:DEVL1104875A.

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metal. Also, clearerwordingwas suggested and agreed for thederogations surrounding cobaltby theCBworkinggroup.Appropriatewordinghasbeenprovidedtoclarifythatthiscriterionisfocusedonapermetalbasisandtheagreedwordingchangehasbeenmade.Afurtherreductionintracequantitiesofmetalappeartobeimpracticalatthisstage.Throughstakeholderengagement,theclausethatpermitstheuseofbariumsulphatehasbeenquestioned.Severalother insolublebariumcompoundsmaybepresentwithincertainmineralfillersandthe inclusionofbarium sulphate over these barium containing compounds appears to be arbitrary. Similarly, some haverequested antimony in insoluble TiO2 lattices to be exempt from this criterion on the basis that they areessentiallynontoxic. Furthersubmissionsonthistopicwerenotprovidedbystakeholdersandthereforeanamendmentwillnotbemade.Itisrecommendedthatthissubjectisrevisitedatthenextcriteriarevision.ConcernshavebeenraisedthatthecurrentverificationandassessmentmethodsSDSanalysisandsupplierdeclarationsareinappropriatetodeterminethemetalcontentofthepaints.Ashiftintheassessmenthasbeenproposedfromanalysisoftheingredientstoanalysisoftheamountofmetalavailableforreleasetotheenvironmentinthefinalproduct.Arecentlydevelopedtestprotocol:EN713,whichexaminesthemetalcontentintoys,couldbeanalternative.Therewassomesupportfortheuseofthistest,however,severalstakeholdersquestioneditsapplicabilitytotheEcolabel.Oneconcernwasthateachtintingsystemmayneedaseparatetestwhichwouldbeprohibitivelyexpensive.Therearealsoconcernsthat,beingdesignedfortoys,thetestisnotfitforpurpose.Inconclusion,theredoesnotappeartobeconsensusovertheuseofanalternativetestingregimenfordeterminingtheamountofmetalinthepaint.Thederogation forcobaltsiccativeswithinthiscriterionoverlapswiththatpresentedwithinSection4.2.10,HazardousSubstances. Phrasinghasbeensuggestedwithinthiscriterionandanappropriatederogationhasbeensuggestedwithin theHazardousSubstancescriterion. Stakeholdershavenotprovidedanyderogationrequests for cobalt pigments. If there is a need for the use of cobalt pigments, a derogation under theHazardousSubstancescriteriawillbeneeded. However, ifalternativesarewidelyavailable, theneed foraderogationshouldbereconsidered.

4.2.4 VolatileAromaticHydrocarbonsVAHshavespecificenvironmentalandhumanhealthimpactsincludingDNAdamage.21Exposuretotheseproductsshouldbeminimisedandanywaytomandateareductionintheiruseencouraged.Thecurrentcriterionpreventstheiraddition,withallstakeholdersreportingtheirapprovalbutallowstheirpresencefrom

21Environ Health Perspect. 2002 June; 110(Suppl 3): 451488.

The followingmetalsor their compounds shallnotbeusedasan ingredientof theproductor tint (ifapplicable) (whetherasasubstanceoraspartofanypreparationused):cadmium, lead,chromiumVI,mercury,arsenic,barium(excludingbariumsulphate),selenium,antimonyandcobalt.Itisacceptedthatingredientsmaycontaintracesofthesemetalsupto0.01derivingfromimpuritiesintherawmaterialsandcanbepresentatthesequantitiesforeachmetalforeachingredient.DerogationsforsubstancescontainingcobaltaredescribedundertheHazardousSubstancescriterion.Assessmentandverification:Theapplicantshallprovideadeclarationofcompliancewiththiscriterionaswellasdeclarationsfromingredientsuppliers(whereapplicable).

29

impurities.AreductionintheamountofVAHpresent(fromimpurities)from0.1%(w/w)to0.01%(w/w)asmandatedintheAustrianEcolabelinthefinalpaintwasexplored.A minimum threshold rather than a complete prohibition is important because VAHs are widely usedmonomers in production of binders for paints, particularly styrene in vinyllic emulsions. Under normalchemicalsynthesis,totalconversionofstyrene intoapolymer is impossibleandtraceamountsofmonomerwillbepresent in the finalproduct. Stakeholdershavesuggested thata further reductionof the thresholdwouldbetoostrictformostofthelowandmediumPVCpaintsandthatcompliantwiththerequirementswillbe technically difficult. This is particularly acute for paints that contain a large amount of binder. Somestakeholderssuggestedthatthereductioncouldbeachievedbutconcernssurroundenforceability:whethersuitable analytical techniques are available to verify this level is unclear, as is the likelihood that paintmanufacturerscanprovidethenecessaryinformation.Theresponse from industrystakeholders inthemeetingwastoremainatthecurrent limit.However,a fewMemberStatesrecommendedanuptakeoftheAustrianEcolabellimitof0.01%thoughthisrecommendationwasnotsubstantiatedwithtechnicalinformationand,duetothetechnicalreasonsoutlinedabove,isunlikelytoleadtofurtherenvironmentalgains.TheproposedcriteriononhazardoussubstancesoutlinedinSectionError!Referencesourcenotfound.coversthisaspect.AderogationconcerningmixturesofsubstancesthatcontainVAHswillbemadeandthiscriterionremoved.TherelevantpartofthehazardoussubstancescriterionpresentedinSection4.2.10isasfollows:

4.2.5 AlkylphenolethoxylatesAPEOsarenonionicsurfactants,whichhaveanemulsifyinganddispersingeffectwhenprocessingpaints,andinbinders,dispersionaids,thickeners,driers,antifoamagentsandpigmentpastes.22APEOsareproducedinlargevolumes,withusesthatleadtowidespreadreleasetotheaquaticenvironment.Theyarehighlytoxictoaquaticorganisms,andintheenvironmentdegradetomoreenvironmentallypersistentcompounds.Thesechemicalshavebeendetectedinhumanbreastmilk,blood,andurineandareassociatedwithreproductiveanddevelopmentaleffectsinrodents.23ThiscriterionoverlapswiththenewhazardoussubstancesrequirementsdescribedwithinSection4.2.10andthereforecanberemovedfromthenewEUEcolabelcriteriadocument.

22Paintsandhowtheyaffecttheenvironment,TommiNurmiandKonstaKanniainen,200823http://www.epa.gov/oppt/existingchemicals/pubs/actionplans/RIN2070ZA09_NPNPEs%20Action%20Plan_Final_20100809.pdf

(PartofHazardousSubstancescriterion)

USE ChemicalCompositionIngredientCAS/EINECS

Classification Note

Unreactedimpurity

VolatileAromaticHydrocarbons Various Various 7

Note:7IngredientscontainingVolatileAromaticHydrocarbonsmaybeaddeduptosuchalimitthattheVAHcontentintheendproductwillnotexceed0,1%(w/w).Inthiscontextvolatilearomatichydrocarbon(VAH)meansanyorganiccompound,asdefinedinDirective2004/42/EC,havinganinitialboilingpointlessthanorequalto250Cmeasuredatastandardpressureof101,3kPaandhavingatleastonearomaticnucleusinitsdevelopedstructuralformula.

30

4.2.6 IsothiazolinonecompoundsIsothiazolinonecompoundsarefound inwoodcoatings24and insomepaintformulations. Theyareabroadspectrumfungicide,algicideandbacteriostatusedinsolventbasedcoatings,surfaceprotectionproductsandother xylene compatible products.25 For people susceptible to their effects, the compounds can causeirritation to the skin andmucousmembranes.26 The extent towhich they have harmful effects dependsgreatlyon the levelof concentration in theproductusedandon themethodofexposure longtermoralexposurebeingparticularlyhazardous.27There was a wide consensus among stakeholders that isothiazolinone biocides are necessary both forpreserving the products in the can, and for their properties as a preservativewhile the product is in use(particularly inoutdooruse). While further reduction in the levelsof these compounds isdesirable,moststakeholderssuggestedthatthiswasdifficultandimpracticalduetothelackofaviablealternative.AproposalwasmadetoincreasethecoverageofthiscriteriontoincludeIodopropynylbutylcarbamate(IPBC)asanalternativepreservative.Itwasarguedthattherewerebenefitsofreducedenvironmentaldamagefromitsuse.Furtherinformationfromstakeholderswasrequestedbutwasnotprovided.Itissuggestedthatthisissueisrevisitedatthenextrevisionofthecriteria.Thiscriterionoverlapsandcanbe incorporatedwiththenewhazardoussubstancesrequirementsdescribedwithinSection4.2.10throughthedraftingofanappropriatederogation.Severalstakeholdershaveprovidedinformationonderogationsforthesematerials.Thefollowingderogationissuggestedfortheinclusionunderhazardoussubstancescriterion:

24RevisionofEuropeanEcolabelandDevelopmentofGreenPublicProcurementCriteriaforIndoorandOutdoorPaintsandVarnishes,October201125AkcrosChemicals,http://www.akcros.com/products/europeproductrange/productsbycategory/microbiocides.aspx26Consumerexposuretobiocidesidentificationofrelevantsourcesandevaluationofpossiblehealtheffects,StefanHahn,February201027Consumerexposuretobiocidesidentificationofrelevantsourcesandevaluationofpossiblehealtheffects,StefanHahn,February2010

(PartofHazardousSubstancescriterion,Note: the substances arepresented as an example (non exhaustive list) s. alsohazardous substancescriterion)USE ChemicalCompositionIngredient CAS/

EINECSClassification Note

2Methyl2Hisothizol3one 2682204 R2223344350 1

1,2Benzisothiazol3(2H)one 2634335 R2238414350 1

Methyl4isothizolin3one 2682204 R3437435024/25 1

mixtureof:5chloro2methyl4isothiazolin3one[ECno.2475007]and2methyl2Hisothiazol3one[ECno.2202396](3:1)

55965849

R23/24/2534435053 3

Incanpreservative

mixtureof:5chloro2methyl4isothiazolin3one[ECno.2475007]and2methyl2Hisothiazol3one[ECno.2202396](3:1)

55965849

R23/24/2534435053 3

2Octyl2Hisothiazol3one 26530201

R22,23/24344350/53 1Dryfilmpreservative

1,2Benzisothiazolin3one 2634335 R2238414350 1Notes:

31

4.2.7 Perfluorinatedalkylsulfonates(PFAS)There was a stakeholder consensus that this criterion should remain unchanged. These compounds arehazardousandthereforeoverlapwiththenewhazardoussubstancesrequirementsdescribedwithinSectionError! Reference source not found.. This criterionwill be removed from the new EU Ecolabel criteriadocument.4.2.8 HalogenatedOrganicSolventsHalogenatedorganic solvents canbe found inpaint thinners, strippersand solvents. Theyare largelynonflammable,though iftheydocombust,theycanproducetoxicgases. Risktohealthfromusinghalogenatedorganic solvents inpaint includesdermatitisandeye irritation. More seriousexposureviavapoursorhighlevels of the solvents can lead to kidney and liver damage, heart irregularities and are potentiallycarcinogenic.28Comments from stakeholders have revealed an apparent confusion over the targeted compounds of thiscriterion,which isentitled HalogenatedOrganicSolvents,whereasthetextdescribes HalogenatedOrganicCompounds. Thesetwogroupsofcompoundsdiffersignificantly,andseveralstakeholderswereconcernedabout a prohibition on the use of halogenated compounds since the latter are used inmany pigmentsystems. Investigation of the original documentation provides no additional insight into the aim of thiscriterion but, due to the use of halogenated tinting systems, complete prohibition of all compounds isimpossible.TherewasafurtherrequesttoincreasethethresholdofthisrequirementtoincludehalogenatedpigmentsbyensuringtheymeettheEU'srequirements forcolourpigments in foodpackagesaccordingtoResolutionAP(89). There is little data on the performance effect of increasing the stringency of the requirements onpigments beyond the current thresholds. Even from a basic analysis, pigments on walls need to lastsignificantlylongerthanonfoodpackaging.Withoutfurtherdataontheabilityofthesepigmentstoachievethisperformancelevelthisadditionalrequirementshouldbedeferreduntilthenextrevision.Allhazardoushalogenated compounds arenow coveredunder thenewHazardous SubstancesCriterion insectionError!Referencesourcenotfound..TheseparateHalogenatedOrganicCompoundscriterionisnowredundantandhasbeenremoved.4.2.9 BiocidesTheoriginalEUEcolabelcriteriaforboth indoorandoutdoorpaintsdidnotadequatelycontrolthe inclusionanduseofbiocides inpaints. The revision to theBiocideDirectiveand the recentlydevelopedEUEcolabelcriteriaforotherproductsthatcontainbiocidesshouldbeexaminedwithinthisrevision.InadditiontothenewcriterionforotherEUEcolabelproducts,alternativeEcolabelsforpaintsandvarnisheshaveclausesrestrictingbiocidesandpreservatives.Table8describesthecriteriadevelopedforrestrictionsofbiocidesinpaintsfordifferentEcolabels.

28http://www.psfc.mit.edu/esh/halosolv.html

1.Thesumofthetotalallowableconcentrationofthesecompoundsis0.05%(w/w)beforeoraftertinting(ifapplicable).2.Foroutdoorwoodcoatingsthetotalallowableconcentrationshallnotexceed0.2%(w/w).3.Thesumofthetotalallowableconcentrationofthesecompoundsis0.0015%(w/w).

32

Table8:Comparisonofalternativeecolabelscriteriatobiocides

Ecolabel Criteria

AustrianEcolabelPaints,varnishesandwoodsealantlacquersUZ01(2010)

UsedonlyforincanpreservationandonlyGovernmentcertifiedsubstanceswithspecificlimitvaluesbetween15and200ppm.

GermanBlueAngelLowemissionpaintsRALUZ12a(July2010)Varnishes&glazes

NomicrobiocidesunlessonGermanapprovedlistandonlyforincanpreservation

JapaneseEcomark126PaintVersion2.3(2011)

Upto0.5%ofproductweight

Clauseswithin theAustrianandGermanbasedEcolabelsmirror thechanges likely tobeenactedwithin thescheduledupdatetotheBiocideRegulation,due forrelease in2013. TheDirectivewillrestricttheuseandsaleofcertainbiocideswithinEuropetothoseregisteredandauthorisedbyrelevantauthoritieswithineachcountryintheEU.29Thewiderscopeforclausesdefined intheBlueAngelandAustrianEcolabelpaintscriteriaareunsuitableforallthepaintscoveredwithintheEUEcolabelbecauseoftheiruseoutdoorswherebiocidesarenecessarytopreventbiofilmsforming. Withoutbiocides,theformationofbiofilmswillsignificantlyreducethe lifetimeofthe paint. Thismay lead to an increase in the overall environmental impact due to necessary repaints.Therefore,alessstringentcriterionforbiocidesisneededforproductsclaimingantimicrobialaction.Bioaccumulationisameasureofthetoxicologicaleffectofsubstanceswithinaquaticorganisms:evenifoverallconcentrationsare low,prolongedexposure cangive rise to toxiceffects. Directive1272/2008defines thelevel atwhich a substance can be considered to biooaccumulate (or bioconcentrate) by determining theoctanol/waterpartitioncoefficient,usuallyreportedasalogKow.WithinthisDirective,logKowvaluesequaltoorgreaterthan4canbeconsideredbioaccumulative.Thisvaluerepresentsthepotentialtobioaccumulate,amoreaccurate(butusuallyunavailable)measurecanbedeterminedusingthebioconcentrationfactor(BCF).ABCFinfishof500isindicativeofthepotentialtobioconcentrate.The suggested criterion belowwas presented in the 1stAHWGmeeting andmany stakeholderswerepositive:

Biocides(i)Theproductmay includebiocides inordertopreservetheproduct,and intheappropriatedosagefor this purpose alone. These biocides shall be registered and authorized in the Biocide ProductRegulation(BPD)scheme.Assessmentandverification: theapplicantshallprovidecopiesof thematerialsafetydatasheetsofanypreservativesadded,togetherwith informationontheirexactconcentration intheproduct. Themanufactureror supplierof thepreservatives shallprovide informationon thedosagenecessary topreservetheproduct.(ii)InaccordancewithDirective67/548/EEC,Directive1999/45/ECoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilorRegulation (EC)No1272/2008substancesormixturesusedaspreservatives, thatareclassifiedas:

H400Verytoxictoaquaticlife H410Verytoxictoaquaticlifewithlonglastingeffects

29http://register.consilium.europa.eu/pdf/en/11/st05/st05032re02.en11.pdf

33

H411Toxictoaquaticlifewithlonglastingeffects H412Harmfultoaquaticlifewithlonglastingeffects H413Maycauselonglastingharmfuleffectstoaquaticlife

arepermittedbutonlyiftheirbioaccumulationpotentialsarecharacterisedbylogKow(logoctanol/waterpartitioncoefficient)

34

4.2.10 HazardoussubstancesThenewEcolabelRegulations [(EC)No66/2010]aims toprevent theuseofallchemicalsclassifiedas toxic,hazardous to the environment, carcinogenic,mutagenicor toxic for reproduction, and substances that arerestrictedunderREACHregulations.Theregulationstipulates:

6. The EU Ecolabelmaynotbeawarded togoods containing substancesorpreparations/mixturesmeetingthecriteriaforclassificationastoxic,hazardoustotheenvironment,carcinogenic,mutagenicor toxic for reproduction (CMR), inaccordancewithRegulation (EC)No1272/2008of theEuropeanParliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 on classification, labelling and packaging ofsubstancesandmixtures,nortogoodscontainingsubstancesreferredtoinArticle57ofRegulation(EC)No1907/2006oftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilof18December2006concerningthe Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH), establishing aEuropeanChemicalsAgency.

7. Forspecificcategoriesofgoodscontainingsubstancesreferredto inparagraph6,andonly intheevent that it is not technically feasible to substitute them as such, or via the use of alternativematerialsordesigns,or inthecaseofproductswhichhaveasignificantlyhigheroverallenvironmentperformancecomparedwithothergoodsofthesamecategory,theCommissionmayadoptmeasurestograntderogationsfromparagraph6.Noderogationshallbegivenconcerningsubstancesthatmeetthe criteria of Article57 of Regulation (EC)No1907/2006 and that are identified according to theprocedure described inArticle59(1) of that Regulation, present inmixtures, in an article or in anyhomogeneous part of a complex article in concentrations higher than 0,1% (weight by weight).Thosemeasures,designed toamendnonessential elementsof thisRegulation, shallbeadopted inaccordancewiththeregulatoryprocedurewithscrutinyreferredtoinArticle16(2).

Therewere significant concerns from stakeholders over the ability of the derogation system to enable adiversepoolofpaintstomeettheEcolabelrequirement. A largeproportionofadditives, includingbiocidesand preservatives, surfactants, defoaming agents and other propertychanging chemicals will not beallowedwithoutderogations.Thecurrentconsensusfromindustryisthattherearenoalternatives,andwithoutthesecompoundstheperformanceofthepaintswillberestricted. Theadvantageofthissystem isthat largeportionsofthecurrentcriteriathataddresshazardousmaterialshavebeensubsumedwithinthisnewcriterion,simplifyingtheoverallprocess.Thefollowingderogationshavebeenrequestedbymanufacturers.

Zincoxide 1314132. R50/53 2,8,9

Sodiumpolynaphthalene

sulphonate9084064 R52/53 2,8,9

Diuron(ISO) 330541 R22404848/2250/53 2,8,9

Notes:8.(i)Theproductmayincludebiocidesinordertopreservetheproduct,andintheappropriatedosageforthispurposealone..ThesebiocidesshallberegisteredintheBiocideProductRegulation(BPD)scheme.(ii)InaccordancewithDirective67/548/EEC,Directive1999/45/ECoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilorRegulation(EC)No1272/2008substancesormixturesusedaspreservativesarepermittedbutonlyiftheirbioaccumulationpotentialsarecharacterisedbylogKow(logoctanol/waterpartitioncoefficient)

35

Derogationnumbera/a

USE ChemicalCompositionIngredientCASnr/EINECSNr/REACH

registrationNr*Classification

Maximumallowedconcentration%w/w

Flaggedfromother

stakeholders*

1 2Methyl2Hisothizol3one 2682204 R2223344350 0,008%0,1% X

2 1,2Benzisothiazol3(2H)one 2634335 R2238414350 0,01%0,1% X

3Tetrahydro1,3,4,6tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)imidazo[4,5d]imidazol2,5(1H,3H)dion

5395506 R43 0.080% X

4 bronopol(INN)2bromo2nitropropane1,3diol 52517 R21/22R37/3841,R50 0.100% X

5

mixtureof:5chloro2methyl4isothiazolin3one[ECno.2475007]and2methyl2Hisothiazol3one[ECno.2202396](3:1)

55965849 R23/24/2534435053 0.002%

6 SodiumN(hydroxymethyl)glucinate 70161443 Xi;R36,R43 0.050%

7 3iodo2propinylbutylcarbamate(IPBC)55406536

EINECS:2596275

R20/2241500,3%

0,1%(concentrationinantifungipaint)

8

Incanpreservative

Pyrithionezinc 13463417 R22233841500,1%(Exteriorwallpaint)

0,020%(Concentrationasinfilm)

9 terbutryn 886500Xn,Xi,N;R224350/53OrXnR22;XnR48/22;XiR43;R52/53OronlyR50/53

0.100%

10 4,5Dichloro2octyl3(2H)isothiazolone 64359815 C;R34,Xi;R37,Xi;R43,N;R50 0.700%

11 Pyrithionezinc 13463417 R22233841500,1%(Exteriorwallpaint)

0,020%(Concentrationasinfilm)

12 Cobalt,complexesdeneodecanoateetdeborate 68457136 Xn,N,R38,R43,R50/53,R22 0.025% X

13 3iodo2propinylbutylcarbamate(IPBC)55406536

EINECS:2596275

R20/2241500,3%

0,1%(concentrationinantifungipaint)

14 2Octyl2Hisothiazol3one 26530201 R22,23/24344350/53 0.040% X

15 zincoxide 1314132 R50/53 0,005%to2%(dependingoncategory) X

16

Dryfilmpreservative

Sodiumpolynaphthalenesulphonate

9084064 R52/53 0.1% X

17 triethylamine 121448 R11R22R23/24R35R41 0.200% X

18 Alkanolamine 102794 Xi:R41 2.000%

19 Ammoniaque 1336216 C,N,R34,R50 0.200%

20

NeutralisingagentpH

2amino2methylpropanol 124685 Xi:R36/38;R52/53 0.200%

36

21AmmoniaRTECS#:BO0875000

7664417 R10;R23;R34;R50 0.065% X

22

corrector

2,2'iminodiethanol(DEA) 111422 R2248/22;R3841 2.000% X

23 Cobaltbis(2ethylhexanoate) 136527 Xi;R43N;R50/53 1%; X

24 Fattyacids,talloil,cobaltsalts 61789524 Xn;R22Xi;R43,N;R51/53 0.500% X

25

Cobaltdryer

Neodecanoicacid 26896208 R52/53 1.000% X

26Zincdryer

Hexanoicacid,2ethyl,zincsalt,BASIC 85203812 R38,R51/53 X

27antiskiningagent

2butanoneoximeethylmethylketoxime/ethylmethylketoneoxime

96297 R40;R21;R41,R43 0.400% X

28 Acideoctanoique,seldezirconium 18312044 Xi,R38 1.300% X

29 lithiumneodecanoate 27253301Xi,R38OrXiR38;R52/53

0.200% X

30 ManganesesaltsCAS15956588orCAS27253

323Xi;R38. 4%

31 Zirconiumsaltof2ethylhexanoicacid 22464999 Xn,R20 0.600% X

32Otherdriers

Iron(1+),chloro[dimethyl9,9dihydroxy3methyl2,4di(2pyridylkN)7[(2pyridinylkN)methyl]3,7diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane1,5dicarboxylatekN3,kN7],chloride(1)

478945469Xn;R22Xn;R48/22Xi;R43R52/53

0.050% x

33

Melangede:bis(2,2,6tetramethyl1octyloxypiperidin4yl)1,10decanedioate;1,8bis((2,2,6,6tetramethyl4((2,2,6,6tetramethyl1octyloxypiperidin4yl)decan1,10dioxyl)piperidin1yl)oxy)octane

4067509 R53 0.60% X

34 Bumetrizole 3896115 R53 1.00% X

35

reactionmassof3(3(2Hbenzotriazol2yl)5tertbutyl4hydroxyphenyl)propionylhydroxypoly(oxyethylene)and3(3(2Hbenzotriazol2yl)5tertbutyl4hydroxyphenyl)propionyl3(3(2Hbenzotriazol2yl)5tertbutyl4hydroxyphenyl)propionyloxypoly(oxyethylene)

EC:4008307 R43R5153 0.990% X

36

UVprotectionfiltre(Light

stabilizer)

bis(1,2,2,6,6pentamethyl4piperidyl)sebacate70 41556267 R43R50/53 0.600% X

37

80%XiNR43R50/53

37 methyl1,2,2,6,6pentamethyl4piperidylsebacate 82919377 R43R50/53 0.200% X

38ede3(3(2hbenzotriazol2yl)5(1,1dimethylethyl)4hydroxypenyl)propionatesdec7c9alkyleramifieetlineaire

127519179 R51/53 0.500% X

39 zincphosphate(2,5%ZnPO4)ZnPO4:

7779900R50/53 810% X

40

Anticorrosive

pigment(solid

corrosive

inhibitor).

Zincoxide 1314132 R50/53 0,005%to2%(dependingoncategory) X

41 Polypropyleneglycolalkylphenylether 9064135 R43 3.000% X

42 Polyoxyethyleneisodecylether 61827427 XiR41,XnR22 2.000% X

43 Alcohols,C9C11,ethoxylated 68439463 Xi;R41 2.000% X

44 SecondaryAlcohols,C11C15,ethoxylated 68131408 Xi;R38,R41 2.000% X

45 SecondaryAlcohols,C12C14,ethoxylated 84133506 Xi;R41 2.000% X

46 Alcohols,C16C18,ethoxylated 68439496Xi,N,R50,R41orXnR22;Xi;R41

2.000% X

47 Fattyalcoholethoxylated None Xi;R41 2.000% X

48 Alcohols,tallow,ethoxylated 61791284 Xn;R22;Xi;R41 2.000% X

49 Alcohols,C1214,ethoxylated 68439509 Xi;R41;N;R50 2.000% X

50 Polyoxyethylenetridecyletherphosphate 9046019 Xi;R38;R41 2.000% X

51Poly(oxy1,2ethandediyl),aisotridecylwhydroxy,phosphate

73038252 Xi;R38;R41;R52/53 2.000% X

52 Polyoxyethylenestearylether 9005009 Xi;R41 2.000% X

53 Isotridecanol,ethoxylated904330569011365

Xn;R22;Xi;R41 2.000% X

54 Alkylpolyglucoside 5002201 Xi;R41 2.000% X

55 Tridecyl(polyethyleneoxy)ethanol 78330219 Xn;R22;Xi;R41 2.000% X

56 Sodiumdi(2ethylhexylic)sulfosuccinate 577117 Xi;R38;R41 0.200% X

57 2,4,7,9tetramethyldec5yne4,7diol126863/

EINECS:2048091

R36,R52/53 0.25% X

58

Substrate

Wettingagent/surfacetensionmodifier

AlkoxylatedAlcohol none R52/53 2.000% X

59SiliconResin

triethoxy(2,4,4trimethylpentyl)silane 35435213 R10;R52/53 3.000% X

38

Emulsion

60

Hydrocarbures,C10C13,nalcanes,isoalcanes,cycliques,

39

NoneoftheseingredientsareflaggedinAnnexXIVoftheREACHregulations,SVHClist,theSINlistortheStockholmConventionPOPslist.Stakeholdershad initially includedthe followingadditionalsubstancesascandidates forderogationbutalongtheconsultationtheserequestshavebeenwithdrawn. 2-dimethylaminoethanol N,N-dimethylethanolamine (DMEA)

108-01-0

Sodium hydroxide 1310-73-2 Cobalt polymer Cobalt carboxylate 68409-81-4 White spirit D60 64742-48-9 Moreover,relatedtoSTOTRE1andSTOTRE2itshouldbehighlightedthattheserefertorisksassociatedwithinhalationofpowders.Indrypaint,crystallinesilicawillbeembeddedwithinthepolymerbinderofthepaint,whilstinwetpaintitwillbeinsuspensionandthereforethisexposurepathwayisnotavailable.Regardingtheuse of crystalline silicawhich is classified as STOT RE 1 and STOT RE 2 (derogationNr. 6970) therewasconsensusamong themembersof thesubAHWGonhazardoussubstances togrant thederogation.This isalsoproposedherethoughitshouldbehighlightedthattherecouldbeapotentialexposurewhenthepaintisscratchedoffthewall(after itsuse lifetime).However,eventhencrystallinesilicawillbeboundedtogetherwiththeotheringredientsandthesubstrateandthiscanlowertheriskofinhalation.ThemembersofthesubAHWGforthecriteriononhazardoussubstanceswereconsultedonthederogationrequests. A limited number ofmembers from both Competent Bodies andmanufacturers challenged thederogation request for someof these substances.A stakeholder inparticular stated that in theirproductsthesesubstancesarenotused.Theseflaggedsubstancesareindicatedintherespectivecolumnoftheabovetable.However,noadditionalinformationrelatedtothealternativesusedwasprovided.Moreover,itwasalsonotpossibletoclarifywhicharethetypesofpaints inwhichthesesubstancesaresubstituted.Stakeholdersemphasizedthatthesubstancesarenotneededineverytypeofpaintbutmightbenecessaryforspecificuses.Basedontheseclaimsitissuggestedthatinderogationofasubstanceshouldexplicitlyincludethereferencetothetypeofpaintforwhich itsuse ispermitted.Further inputofstakeholdersregardingthetypeofpaintsforwhichalternativesarepossibleandthenameofthesealternativesarenecessaryinordertoanalysetheserequests.Therearethreepossibleoptionsfordeterminingtheappropriatederogationsforpaints:

1. Use the extended list of derogationswith additional restrictions that ensure that the currentcriterion (parts6a,6b,and6c)are incorporated to limit theuseof substancesby riskphrase.Derogations for particular substances can be changed depending on the requirements of thepaint.Forexample,theamountofbiocidesinpaintscouldbestricterforindoorpaintthaninwetoutsideenvironmentswheremouldandalgaearealargerproblem.Additionalrequirementsforbiocides (discussed in Section4.2.9)andmore stringent requirementsbasedonCLP limitswillalsobeincluded.Thesecouldserveasagatekeeperforthederogatedsubstances.Stakeholdershave indicated it ispossible to limit thehazardoussubstanceswithinEUEcolabelledpaint toathresholdof70%of themaximumallowable levelsunderCLPbefore theproduct isconsideredhazardous. Further variations in this can bemanaged through stakeholder discussion. Also,although the calculation is complex, it is currentlymandated through theCLP regulations andshouldadd littleadditionalburden to the reporting costsassociatedwithEUEcolabel.On thisafter consultationwith the industry itwas highlighted that an implementation of such a CLPbased requirementwouldneeda transition time.Paintmanufacturersareusersof substancesandmixturesandtheCLPcompliantinformationforalltherawmaterialsusedwouldbeavailablein2015andnotbefore. Inaddition,companiesdonotyethavethe ITsystemthatwouldallowthem todo the classification calculations.Performingmanually this calculationperecolabelledpaintwouldbeanadditionalburden.

40

2. ReducethelistofderogatedsubstancesbyremovingthosesubstancesthathavebeenchallengedbyCompetentBodiesandotherstakeholders.Severalsubstancesonthederogatedlistwerequeriedbystakeholders who had specific concerns over their hazardous nature. Due to the number andcomplexity of derogated substances, it is beyond the scope of this project to determine if thoserequestsarevalidormorebenignalternativesareavailable.Aprecautionaryprinciplecouldbeusedtoupholdthesechallenges;however,thereisasignificantriskthatsuchanactionmayexcludealargeproportion of paints from the EU Ecolabel. As a consequence the popularity (and thus theeffectiveness)oftheEcolabelwillbeharmed.

3. Usetheextended list initiallywitha furtherdate (transitionperiod)tomovetoareduced list. ThiswouldallowmanufacturerstophaseoutproblematicsubstanceswhilststillproducingEUEcolabelledpaint.

Furtherdiscussionsmaybenecessarytodeterminetheappropriatecourseofaction,butoption3hasbeensuggestedwithinthetextbelow.Thereisambiguityoverthemeaningofthetermingredient.Itcancoveramixtureofsubstancesaspartofthepaintmanufacturers formulationor the individual substancesused in theproductionofprecursors. Acleardefinitionof this term isneeded toenable fairandaccurateassessmentof thematerialsused in themanufactureofthepaint.Stakeholderswereinagreementandthatabalanceshouldbemadetoensurethatthe information provided by the applicants enabled assessment of the environmental risks of the paintwithout proving too onerous. Previous discussions through anAHWG for the revision of this EU EcolabelCriteriahighlighted the issueof introducing an additional term ingredients,whichhasnotbeen formallydefined. An appropriate alternative is touse the terms from theCLPDirective31;namely Substance andMixture(formallypreparation),whicharedefinedas:

substancemeansachemicalelementanditscompoundsinthenaturalstateorobtainedbyanyproductionprocess,includinganyadditivenecessarytopreservethestabilityoftheproductandanyimpurityderivingfromtheprocessusedbutexcludinganysolvent,whichmaybeseparatedwithoutaffectingthestabilityofthesubstanceorchangingitscomposition;mixturemeansamixtureorsolutionoftwoormoresubstances,whichdonotreact.

Withinthenewdishwashingdetergentcriteria,thefollowingtexthasbeenusedtoremoveambiguity:

...Theriskphrasesbelowgenerallyrefertosubstances.However,formixturesofenzymesandfragranceswhereinformationonsubstancesmaybedifficulttoobtainclassificationrulesformixturesmaybeapplied.

Asimilarclausehasbeendevelopedforthiscriterion.Basedonthesubmissionsandtheanalysisperformedabove,thefollowingamendmentstothecriterionareproposed.

31Regulation(EC)No1272/2008

Hazardoussubstances

AccordingtoArticle6(6)oftheregulationNo66/2010onEUEcolabel,theproductoranypartofitthereofshallnotcontainsubstancesormixturesmeetingthecriteriaforclassificationwiththehazardclassesorcategoriesinaccordancewithRegulation(EC)no1227/2008specifiedbelownorshallitcontainsubstancesreferredtoinArticle57ofREACHRegulation(EC)no1907/2006.Theriskphrasesbelowgenerallyrefertosubstances.However,formixturesofsubstanceswhereinformationonthesubstancesisdifficulttoobtain,classificationforrulesofmixturesmaybeapplied.ThetermmixtureandsubstanceareusedasdefinedwithintheCLPRegulation(EC)No1272/2008.

41

HazardStatement1 RiskPhrase2

H300Fatalifswallowed R28

H301Toxicifswallowed R25

H304Maybefatalifswallowedandentersairways R65

H310Fatalincontactwithskin R27

H311Toxicincontactwithskin R24

H330Fatalifinhaled R23;R26

H331Toxicifinhaled R23

H340Maycausegeneticdefects R46

H341Suspectedofcausinggeneticdefects R68

H350Maycausecancer R45

H350iMaycausecancerbyinhalation R49

H351Suspectedofcausingcancer R40

H360FMaydamagefertility R60

H360DMaydamagetheunbornchild R61

H360FDMaydamagefertility.Maydamagetheunbornchild R6061

H360FdMaydamagefertility.Suspectedofdamagingtheunbornchild R6063

H360DfMaydamagetheunbornchild.Suspectedofdamagingfertility R6162

H361fSuspectedofdamagingfertility R62

H361dSuspectedofdamagingtheunbornchild R63

H361fdSuspectedofdamagingfertility.Suspectedofdamagingtheunbornchild

R6263

H362Maycauseharmtobreastfedchildren R64

H370Causesdamagetoorgans R39/23;R39/24;R39/25;R39/26;R39/27;R39/28

H371Maycausedamagetoorgans R68/20;R68/21;R68/22

H372Causesdamagetoorgansthroughprolongedorrepeatedexposure R48/25;R48/24;R48/23

H373Maycausedamagetoorgansthroughprolongedorrepeatedexposure R48/20;R48/21;R48/22

H400Verytoxictoaquaticlife R50

H410Verytoxictoaquaticlifewithlonglastingeffects R5053

H411Toxictoaquaticlifewithlonglastingeffects R5153

H412Harmfultoaquaticlifewithlonglastingeffects R5253

H413Maycauselonglastingharmfuleffectstoaquaticlife R53

EUH059Hazardoustotheozonelayer R59

EUH029Contactwithwaterliberatestoxicgas R29

EUH031Contactwithacidsliberatestoxicgas R31

EUH032Contactwithacidsliberatesverytoxicgas R32

EUH070Toxicbyeyecontact R3941

Sensitisingsubstances

H334:Maycauseallergyorasthmasymptomsorbreathingdifficultiesifinhaled

R42

H317:Maycauseallergicskinreaction R431Regulation(EC)no1272/2008onclassification,labellingandpackagingofsubstancesandmixtures,amendingandrepealingDirectives67/548/EECand1999/45/EC,andamendingRegulation(EC)no1907/20062Directive67/548/EECwithadjustmenttoREACHaccordingtoDirective2006/12/ECandDirective1999/45/ECasamended.

42

Derogations:Followingsubstancesareexemptfromthiscriterion

Derogationnumbera/a

USE ChemicalCompositionIngredientCASnr/EINECSNr/

REACHregistrationNr*Classification Requirement

Maximumallowed

concentration%w/w

Onlyforatransitionperiodof2

years

Typeofpaint

1 2Methyl2Hisothizol3one 2682204 R2223344350 1,5,8,9 0,1% X

2 1,2Benzisothiazol3(2H)one 2634335 R2238414350 1,5,8,9 0,1% X

3Tetrahydro1,3,4,6tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)imidazo[4,5d]imidazol2,5(1H,3H)dion

5395506 R43 2,8,9 0.080% X

4bronopol(INN)2bromo2nitropropane1,3diol

52517 R21/22R37/3841,R50 2,5,8,9 0.100% X

5

mixtureof:5chloro2methyl4isothiazolin3one[ECno.2475007]and2methyl2Hisothiazol3one[ECno.2202396](3:1)

55965849 R23/24/2534435053 2,3,5,8,9 0.002%

6 SodiumN(hydroxymethyl)glucinate 70161443 Xi;R36,R43 89 0.050%

7 3iodo2propinylbutylcarbamate(IPBC)55406536

EINECS:2596275R20/224150 8,,9 0,3%

.0,1%

Outdoorpaintfaadecoatings

8

Incanpreservative

Pyrithionezinc 13463417 R2223384150 2,5,8,,9

0,020%

Allpaintsinfilm

9 terbutryn 886500

Xn,Xi,N;R224350/53OrXnR22;XnR48/22;

XiR43;R52/53OronlyR50/53

2,5,8,9 0.100%

10 4,5Dichloro2octyl3(2H)isothiazolone 64359815C;R34,Xi;R37,Xi;R43,

N;R505,9 0.700%

0,1%

Outdoorpaintfaadecoatings

11 Pyrithionezinc 13463417 R2223384150 2,5,8,9

0,020%

Allpaintsinfilm

12Cobalt,complexesdeneodecanoateetdeborate

68457136Xn,N,R38,R43,R50/53,

R225,9 0.025% X

13 3iodo2propinylbutylcarbamate(IPBC)55406536

EINECS:2596275R20/224150 2,8,5,9 0,3%

14

Dryfilmpreservative

2Octyl2Hisothiazol3one 26530201R22,23/243443

50/531,2,5,8,9 0.040% X

43

15 zincoxide 1314132 R50/53 2,5,8,9 2% X

16Sodiumpolynaphthalenesulphonate

9084064 R52/53 2,5,8,9 0.1% X

17 triethylamine 121448R11R22R23/24R35

R412,9 0.200% X

1