A) Based on Weather All-weather roads Fair-weather roads

A) Based on the type of carriage way or road pavement

Paved road Unpaved road (e.g. earth road )

A) Based on the type of pavement surfacing provided

Surface road Unsurfaced road

A) Traffic volume (vehicle) Heavy traffic road Medium traffic road Light traffic roads

B) Load transported or tonnage Class-1 or class-A(tonnes/day) Class-2 or class-B etc.

C) Location and function

According to the Nagpur Road plan:- National highway(NH) State Highway(SH) Major District Road (MDR) Other District Road (ODR) Village Road (VR)

By Third Road Development Plan 19981-2001:-A)Primary System Expressway National Highway(NH)

B) Secondary System State Highway(SH) Major District Roads(MDR)

C) Tertiary System or Rural Road Other District Road(ODR) Village Road(VR)

Highway planning phase includesI. Assessments of road length requirement for an area.II. Preparation of master plan showing the phasing of plan in

annual or five year plans.

Planning surveys consist of:- Economic studies Financial studies Traffic or road use studies Engineering studies

Preparation of plan:- Plan I- showing all existing details. Plan II- population. Plan III- Quantity of productivity. Plan IV- Existing road network with traffic

flows.

Preparation of Master Plan and its Phasing: After deciding the optimum road length for a plan period,

final step is phasing of road development plan by fixing up the priorities for the construction of different road links.

Saturation system: In this system, the optimum road length is calculated for

area, based on the concept of obtaining maximum utility per unit length of road.

Highway alignment: The position of the layout of the centre line of the

highway on the ground is called the alignment. Basic Requirement of an ideal alignment between two

terminal station: It should be……..1. Short 2. Easy3. Safe4. economical

Factor controlling the highway alignment in general:

a) Obligatory points.b) Traffic.c) Geometric design.d) Other consideration. In hill road:a) Stabilityb) Drainagec) Geometric standard of hill road.d) Resisting length

The survey may be completed in four stage: Map study. Reconnaissance Preliminary survey Final location and detailed surveys

Pavment is constructed using broken stone or soil and binder material to bind the aggregate to form homogenous pavment section.

The binder employed on mainly soil slurry, bituminous material and cement.

Earth road and gavel road Water bound macadam (WBM). Bituminous or blacktop road. Cement concrete road. The highway construction project may be divided into two

phase: Earth work & preparation of sub grades. Pavment structure

The sub-grade soil is prepared by bringing it to desire grad.

Excavation Equipment in Highway project: Bulldozers, scrapers. Power shovels. Dragline. Clamshell Hoes.

Generally there are two types of road use in highway construction:

Rigid pavement (concrete road). Flexible pavement (Bituminous road).Basic steps for making of Flexible pavement : Clearing and Grabbing. Embedment . Sub grade Grainer sub base. Wet mix macadam (WMM) Dense bituminous macadam(DBM). Bituminous Cassel (BC).