Road accident managementBy

Ms. Anju

MSc. (N) final yr.

Disaster???

Natural or manmade

Manmade disasters are basically of following types –

1. Sociological such as wars, terrorism

2. Technological such as industrial accidents, radiations and electricity outage

3. Transportation hazards including roads, rails, air and water transportation

Traffic collision or the motor

vehicle accident-

A traffic collision, also known as a traffic accident, motor vehicle collision, motor vehicle accident, automobile accident, Road Motor vehicle collision (RTC) occurs when a vehicle collides with another vehicle, pedestrian, animal, road debris, or other stationary obstruction, such as a tree or utility pole. Motor vehicle collisions may result in injury, death and property damage

Cost of Road Accidents

1. medical costs

2. other costs related to administrative, legal and police expenditure

3. damage to property and motor vehicle

4. loss due to income foregone arising out of absence from work or impairment/disability or untimely death.

Burden of problem

• in 2004 that 1.2 million people were killed (2.2% of all deaths) and 50 million more were injured in motor vehicle collisions.

• the total number of road traffic injuries and deaths worldwide would rise by 65% between 2000-2020 whereas in low-income and middle income countries, deaths are expected to increase by as much as 80%. WHO report

• India suffers from the highest number of deaths - around 1,05,000 in absolute terms annually- due to road accidents

• The mortality rate in India is 8.7 per hundred thousand population

▫ A study by the Planning Commission in 2002 estimated the social cost of road accidents in India is Rs.55, 000 crore annually which constitutes about 3% of the GDP.

• leading cause of injury and death among children worldwide 10 – 19 years old (260,000 children die a year, 10 million are injured)

• WHO forecasts that by the year 2020 road crashes would move up to third place in the leading cause of death and disability i.e. global burden of disease

Classification of motor vehicle

collisions1. A head-on collision

2. A rollover

3. Side collisions

4. A rear-end collision

5. A run-off-road collision

Vulnerable group for road accidents

Causes-A. human factor

B. Road design & environment

• Causes 34% of serious crashes

• Poor design and maintenance, with poorly-designed intersections, road surfaces, visibility and traffic control devices, can result in significant increase in accident rates.

C. Vehicle design and maintenance

Not using seat belts

Higher center of gravity

Poorly maintained vehicle

Motorcycles & bicycle

Road Traffic Safety

• The World Health Organization also declared the year 2004 as the Year of Road Safety and launched World Health Day in April 2004 with the slogan – “Road safety is no accident”.

• WHO announced the year 2011 to 2020 as road safety decade to control the increasing no. of road accidents

Meaning of the term road safety-

The term road safety is an indication of how safe individual users are on some particular road, or on the roads belonging to some region. The main danger to road users is the likelihood of a road accident or motor vehicle accident

multi-sectoral government and civil society stakeholders-

1. Authorities like Ministry of Shipping, Road Transport and Highways ,NHAI, PWDs in the states and local bodies are responsible for construction and maintenance of roads;

2. State Transport Authorities are responsible for issue of driving licenses, registration of vehicles and fitness of vehicles;

3. Police is responsible for regulating traffic, enforcing laws and educating the public on road safety issues;

4. Urban development authorities deal with land use and urban road planning;

5. Health departments

6. Insurance companies

Road Traffic Accidents, Prevention

and Control-4E

Road Safety Planning by the Government of

India

1. Road Engineering

2. Enforcement-

(i) Provision of Road Safety Equipments:such as speed detection radar, breath analyzer

b.)Amendment in the Motor Vehicle Act

1988

to enhance penalties for various traffic offences such as rash and negligent driving, drunken driving, driving at excessive speed, driving without license, use of mobile phone while driving, etc

3. Educational & Training:

a. Refresher Training for Heavy Vehicle Drivers

b. Model Driving Training Schools

4. Faster relief and evacuation of road accident victims

a. National Highway Accident Relief Service Scheme (NHARSS)

b. Medical Care by Trauma Care Centre Network at highways

5. Road safety audit

6. Funds for Road Safety related activities

Role of health worker in road

safety

Recent activities in India• Pappu Zebra & The Art of

LIVING safely

• Road Users Safety through Emergency Management (RUSEM), EMRI,Hydrabad

• Road Shows at various Junctions on Safety driving.

• Camps Road Safety Awareness for Auto Rickshaw, Taxi, Truck & other vehicle drivers.

• Placards & Banners on Road Safety have been installed at various important junctions

• Special Drives for Drunken Driving, Over Speeds, Lane Cutting.

• Slides showing Road Safety messages have been distributed in various multiplexes & Cinema Halls.

How to make ROAD ACCIDENT management plan

• Name of the authority----------• NAME OF OTHER COMMITEE MEMBERS---------

• Total population coverage in plan---------

• Directory of resource person--------

• Objective of planning---------

• Financial authority--------------

• Other Resource facilities--------------

• Alert phase activities

• Pre accident planning phase activities----

• Impact phase activities…………..

• Post impact phase activities----------------

• Collaboration with nongovernmental health

agencies----------

• Involvement of other sectors in all above

phases ------------

• Declaration by managing authority-------

• last Review of plan--------------------

• Evaluation by all related agencies-----

• Communication of plan------------

• International agency if involved-------------

Signature of developing

authority chairperson/

Nodal person

Guidelines for public for road safety

• Wear or carry something light colored, bright or fluorescent in poor daylight conditions. When it is dark, use reflective materials (e.g. armbands, waistcoats and jackets), which can be seen, by drivers, up to three times as far away as non-reflective materials.

• Young children should not be out alone on the pavement or road

• Always walk on the footpath.

• Cross roads where there are pedestrian crossings.

• Where there are no pedestrian crossings, watch the traffic on both sides and cross when it is safe.

• Do not read newspapers or look at hoardings while walking on the road.

• Do not greet friends on the road. Take them to the footpath or the side margin.

• You MUST NOT get on to or hold on to a moving vehicle.

• Don't "Drink and Walk." If you've been drinking, take a cab or a bus, or let someone sober drive you home.

• When using any type of crossing you should always check that the traffic has stopped before you start to cross. Always cross between the studs or over the zebra markings

• Teachers and parents should impart essential knowledge about roads and traffic to school children, by:

▫ Making them familiar with the rules of road and their importance.

▫ By explaining them the causes of accidents involving pedestrians, cyclists and children.

▫ Telling them about the cause and extent of pollution due to traffic.

• While driving always carry your driving license and important documents such as your vehicle registration certificate, insurance certificate etc.

• Never Drink while driving

• Follow the traffic signals, lights and signs

• Avoid using the cell phone when driving. If urgent move to left, stop and then take the call

• Do not ride at high speeds. You may lose control and your life in the bargain

• Always use a helmet while on a two wheeler

• Wear seat belts while driving car