robert speed project overview ec(2)

River Health and Environmental Flows in

China – Project Overview 中国河流健康与生态用水项目概况

Robert Speed, Team Leader

罗伯特·斯皮德项目主管

November 2010

Overview 概述

1. Introduction to River Heath and E-flows Project

河流健康及生态用水项目简介

2. River health assessment methodology

河流健康评估方法

3. Summary of the Gui River pilot work

妫河试点工作简介

4. Summary of the Yellow River pilot work

黄河试点工作简介

Project objective 项目目标

• Trial international approaches to river health

assessment and environmental flows

assessment 采用国际通用的评估方法评估河流健康与生态用水

• Consider application to national-level policies

将改革方法在全国范围内推广

Liao River

Basin辽河盆地

- River health河流健康

Yellow River

Basin黄河盆地

-E-flows 生态用水

-River health河

流健康

Pearl River Basin珠江盆地

- River health

assessment河流健康评

估

Presentation Heading

August

2009 2009年八月

December

2009 2009年十二月

July

2011 2011年七月

December

2010 2010年12月

Inception

phase项目启动阶段

Pilot study phase 项目试点阶段

Project wrap

up项目收尾阶段

Agreement

on scope and

objectives

确定项目目标及范围

Capacity

building能力建设

Fieldwork

and data

collection

田野工作和数据收集

Data analysis

数据分析

Presentation

of pilot results

Distil lessons

总结经验教训

Final workshop

and final report

Further

work???后续工作

Project timeline项目时间安排

Overview 概述









River health assessment methodology


Underlying philosophy 基本原理 1. River health is important 河流健康很重要

2. River health is much more than the quality of the water河流健康不仅仅包括水质达标

3. Biological indicators can be more sensitive to changes in

river condition生物指标更易于反映河流健康状况

4. Biological monitoring programs can provide valuable

support to management生物监测可以为流域管理者提供有价值的帮助

5. Monitoring should focus on assets of importance监测范围应该集中在重要的河流资产



Objective 目标 • Ability to compare sites against each over 不同评估地点之间存在可比性

• Understand likely cause of changes in river health 理解影响河流健康的因素

• Assess effectiveness of management responses评估管理效率

• Report on river health提供河流健康报告



Key issues 主要问题 • What to measure? 需要评估的内容

– Many indicators available: which are relevant? 有许多不同的指标可供评估，应当选取哪种？

• What do the results mean? 评估结果的意义

– What is a good score, what is a bad score? 何为优良的评估结果？何为不达标的评估结果？

• How to use the results? 如何应用评估结果

Building a river health monitoring program

构建河流健康评估项目

Proof of concept概念论证

Pilot studies试点研究

Routine monitoring例行监测

Overview 概述









Objectives of the pilot study 试点研究目标

• Demonstrate a method for developing a river

monitoring program

• 阐述开展河流健康监测项目的方法

• Undertake a preliminary assessment of the condition of

the pilot site 开展试点河流健康初步评估

• Only a demonstration: limits on the results

仅供演示：结果的局限性

Gui River – Pearl

River Basin

Preliminary steps

评估的准备工作

• Agree on approach to pilot

确定评估方法

• Agree on objectives –

sensitive indicators due to

high conservation value

确定评估目标

• Identify sites确定评估试点

• Determine data to be

collected确定采集数据类型

Fieldwork to collect samples

取样的田野工作

Fish鱼

Diatom硅藻

Macroinvertebrates大型底栖无脊椎动物

Channel condition

河道状况

Macrophytes

大型植物

Phylum Arthropoda Mollusca Mollusca Mollusca Mollusca Mollusca Mollusca Mollusca

Class Crustacea Bivalvia Gastropoda Gastropoda Bivalvia Gastropoda Gastropoda Gastropoda

编号 Order Decapoda Mytiloida

编号 Family

Atyidae Mytilidae Viviparidae Lymnaeidae Corbiculidae Lymnaeidae Valvatidae Melaniidae

编号 Genera Caridina Limnoperna Bellamya Radix corbicula physa Valvata Semisulcospira

编号 Species lacustris aeruginosa Radixswinboei fluminea

编号 Species name_Chinese

米虾属淡水壳菜铜锈椭圆河蚬膀胱螺盘螺短沟卷

No.1 平度村 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0

No.2 龙江 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0

No.3 富罗 71 1 1 27 7 1 4 38

No.4 黄姚 110 0 4 0 12 0 0 0

No.5 下福水电站 0 0 0 4 1 0 6 11

No.6 siqinjiang2 7 23 0 0 43 0 6 57

No.7

红花镇siqinjiang1 0 0 0 3 5 32 0 0

No.8 昭平水电站 2 216 1 1 0 0 0 2

No.9 恭城水文站 0 0 5 25 0 0 0 31

No.10 龙岭 10 0 3 6 4 0 52 28

No.11 荔浦水文站 138 0 0 0 0 11 0 0

No.12 念村 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

No.13 阳朔水文站 27 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

No.14 遇龙河 32 0 1 0 0 0 0 17

No.15 冠岩 10 0 1 1 11 1 4 7

No.16 潮田河 1 0 0 3 0 0 0 0

No.17 新寨 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

No.18 桂林水文站 47 0 3 8 1 3 0 0

No.19 兰田 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

No.20 东江 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0

No.21 灵渠 37 0 9 8 6 2 7 1

No.22 大榕江 10 0 6 9 1 0 0 0

No.23

杉木河（猫儿山） 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

No.24 六洞河 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 8

No.25 乌龟江 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Collation of data数据的校对

Testing indicators against a disturbance

gradient 测试指标与干扰梯度

Disturbance gradient 干扰梯度

Low低 High高

Ecolo

gic

al health indic

ato

r

生态健康指

标

Reference values 参考值

Classification 河流分类 Different types of river

will:

不同的河流：

Require different

indicators

要求不同的指标

Have different

targets

目标也不同


Weighting indicator scores指标分数加权

Concentration，浓度

Freq.

(# obs.)，监测频率 All sites – all years，所有点，所有年

95th %’ile 50th %’ile

Single site，

– report year，单个点，报告当年

80th %’ile

Reference sites

– all years，参考点，所有年

0

(worst case)，最差

1

(reference)，参考点

Standard to achieve values

达到规定值的标准

Convert all values to common scale to allow comparison把所有数值转化为通用量表使其具有可比性

Compare values against:结果比较

- other sites in study; other studies 与其他点进行比较，与其他研究结果进行比较

- national standards; international standards国家标准，国际标准

Reporting on river health

Overview 概述









Yellow River Pilot黄河试点工作

• River health assessment 河流健康评估

• Environmental flows assessment 生态用水评估

Mengjin

wetlands

孟津湿地

Zhengzhou

wetlands

郑州湿地

Kaifeng

wetlands

开封湿地

Dongping

Lake

东平湖

Delta

wetlands

三角洲湿地

River channel

河道 Reaches and Assets

河段及资产

1

2

3

4

Start with objectives (from YRCC)

制定目标（根据黄河水利委员会）

• 1 × Ultimate target最终目标

– ―Keeping the Yellow River Healthy‖保持黄河健康

• 4 × Criteria (―the 4-nos‖)标准（四不准）

– No embankment breaching不准有河堤决口

– No river running dry不准河流枯竭

– No water pollution beyond standard水污染物不得超标

– No riverbed rising further河床不得继续上升

Establish a framework (from YRCC)

建立框架（根据黄河水利委员会）

―Healthy Indicators of the Yellow River‖

黄河健康指标

• Flow continuity水流连续性

• Channel configuration for water and

sediment transportation河水及沉积物流经的河床外貌

• Water quality standard河水水质标准

• River ecosystem河水生态系统

• Water supply capacity河水供应能力

Hydrology水文类

Geomorphology

地形类

Water quality水质

Ecology生态类

Social-economic

社会经济类

Indicator groups

指标类别

Presentation Heading Presentation Heading

River Health Index河流健康指数

Social/Economic 社会方面或经济方面

Fish鱼

Physical form外形 Hydrology水文 Water quality水质 Ecology生态

Environmental 环境方面

Indicators…指标

Invertebrates无脊椎动物

Vegetation植物

Wetland vegetation湿地植物

(remote sensing)（遥感获得）

Primary productivity基本生产力

Hydraulic habitat水力栖息环境

Survey and modelling 调查与模拟

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

Exceed

ed

5%

of

tim

e -

wate

r-sed

imen

t re

gu

lati

on

seaso

n d

ail

y

dis

ch

arg

e (

m3/s

)

Jun - Jul - Aug - Sep

Huayuankou

Sunkou

Huayuankou

Lijin

Sediment flushing flow冲刷沉积物的水流量

(flow exceeded 5% of the time)（水流量以5%的速度递增）

Xiaolangdi Dam小浪底水坝

First releases第一次放水

Target 3,500 m3/s

目标为3,500立方米每秒

No drying-up河床不得枯竭

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

Days o

f cease t

o f

low

LijinCumulative annual days of cease to f low

Annual peak cease to f low spell duration

Xiaolangdi Dam

小浪底水坝

Trend in water quality (Grade III target)

水质趋势（三级目标）

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

Annual - Proportion of months target achieved

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

High flow - Proportion of months target achieved

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

Low flow - Proportion of months target achieved

Huayuankou花园口

Channel capacity河道容量

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

9,000

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Dis

ch

arg

e (

m3/s

)

Huayuankou bankfull capacity (measured)

Lijin bankfull capacity (Ru et al., 2003)

Huayuankou f lood season average discharge

5-year moving average

Target

Delta growth三角洲的增长

0

5

10

15

20

25

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

An

nu

al

sed

imen

t lo

ad

(10

8to

nn

es)

An

nu

al

dis

ch

arg

e (

10

9m

3)

Discharge Sediment load Delta equilibrium sediment load (Wang K et al., 2007)

rapidaccretion

accretion -erosion

slowerosion

Change in area of delta (Chu et al., 2006)

Lijin

2001 2009

NASA/GSFC/METI/ERSDAC/JAROS, and U.S./Japan ASTER

Science Team美国国家航空和宇宙航行局/美国戈大太空飞行中心/

日本地球遥感数据分析中心/JAROS以及日美ASTER技术合作小组

Additional indicators其他指标

• Socio-economic社会经济类

• Biological生物类


Presentation Heading Presentation Heading Presentation Heading

River Health Index河流健康指数

Social/Economic 社会方面或经济方面

Fish鱼

Physical form外形 Hydrology水文 Water quality水质 Ecology生态

Environmental 环境方面

Indicators…指标

Invertebrates无脊椎动物

Vegetation植物

Wetland vegetation湿地植物

(remote sensing)（遥感获得）

Primary productivity基本生产力

Hydraulic habitat水力栖息环境

Survey and modelling 调查与模拟

Environmental flow requirements

生态用水要求

• Consolidation of existing studies, together with expert opinion

进一步验证现有研究并参考专家观点

• Identify flow requirements for the key assets (wetlands, delta),

focussed on:确定重要资产（湿地，三角洲）对水流的要求，关注：

– Fish 鱼

– Vegetation 植物

– Birds鸟

• Hydrological model to assess capacity to achieve recommended

flows用于评估达到推荐水流的水文模型


Next steps接下来

• Final reports and report cards for pilot sites – February 2011

试点的最终报告及报告卡——2011年2月

• Final project workshop in Beijing – April/May 2011

在北京举行项目的结题报告会——2011年4月或5月

Conclusions 总结(1)

• Many different policy decisions relating to:许多不同政策制定均与以下各因素相关：

– What is an acceptable level of health 河流健康的可接受底线

– How information should be presented 信息的表现方式

– Suitability of different methods and indicators 各种不同方法及评估指标的适用性

• Suitability will depend on: 这些适用性主要由以下各因素决定：

– Objectives 目标

– Resources 资源

– Capacity 能力

Conclusions 总结(2)

• Importance of making informed decisions知情决策的重要性

– Awareness of what is important in the river找出哪些对于河流是至关重要的

– Understanding the flow requirements of the ecosystem

掌握生态系统对水流的要求

– Understanding the health of our river system认识河流系统的健康

– Conscious decisions about what is acceptable and what is not;

and what we will do about it

确定哪些是可以接受的，哪些不可以接受，以及为此该如何做

Thank you all!

谢谢大家！

robert speed project overview ec(2)

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