samlerapport deepwind 2013

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SINTEF Energy Research Electric Power Systems 2013 ‐06 ‐28

TR A7307 ‐ Unrestricted

Report

Deep Sea Offshore Wind R&D Conference 24 – 25 January 2013 Royal Garden Hotel, Trondheim

Author: John Olav Tande (editor)


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Document history VERSION DATE VERSION DESCRIPTION

1.0 2013 ‐06 ‐28


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Table of contents

1 Detailed Programme ........................................................................................................................ 6

2 List of Participants ............................................................................................................................ 9

3 Scientific Committee and Conference Chairs ................................................................................... 13

PRESENTATIONS

Opening session – Frontiers of Science and Technology Innovations in offshore wind technology, John Olav Tande, SINTEF/NOWITECH............................................................... 15Key research topics in offshore wind energy, Kristin Guldbrandsen Frøysa, CMR/NORCOWE............................................ 19Research at Alpha Ventus deep offshore wind farm, Stefan Faulstich, Fh IWES ..................................................................... 24WindFloat deep offshore wind operational experience, Pedro Valverde, EdP ......................................................................... 28HyWind deep offshore wind operational experience, Finn Gunnar Nielsen, Statoil................................................................. 32

A1 New turbine technologyDesign Optimization of a 5 MW Floating Offshore Vertical Axis WindTurbine, Uwe Schmidt Paulsen,Technical Uni of Denmark, DTU.............................................................................................................................................. 37Operational Control of a Floating Vertical Axis Wind Turbine, Harald Svendsen, SINTEF Energi AS................................. 44Control for Avoiding Negative Damping on Floating Offshore Wind Turbine, Prof Yuta Tamagawa, Uni. of Tokyo..... ..... 47Towards the fully-coupled numerical modelling of floating wind turbines, Axelle Viré, Imperial College, London..... ...... . 49Geometric scaling effects of bend-twist coupling in rotor blades, Kevin Cox, PhD stud, NTNU.......................................... 52

A2 New turbine technologyHigh Power Generator for Wind Power Industry: A Review, Zhaoqiang Zhang, PhD stud, NTNU..................................... 56Superconducting Generator Technology for Large Offshore Wind Turbines, Niklas Magnusson, SINTEF Energi AS..... . 60Laboratory Verification of the Modular Converter for a 100 kV DC Transformer-less Offshore Wind Turbine Solution,Sverre Gjerde, PhD stud, NTNU............................................................................................................................................ 63Multi-objective Optimization of a Modular Power Converter Based on Medium Frequency AC-Linkfor Offshore DC Wind Park, Rene A. Barrera, NTNU ................................................................................... ....................... 66

B1 Power system integrationWind Turbine Electrical Design for an Offshore HVDC Connection, Olimpo Anaya-Lara, Strathclyde Univ..... ..... ...... .... 73Frequency Quality in the Nordic system: Offshore Wind variability, Hydro Power Pump Storage and usage ofHVDC Links, Atsede Endegnanew, SINTEF Energi AS....................................................................................................... 78Coordinated control for wind turbine and VSC-HVDC transmission to enhance FRT capability, A. Luque,Uni. Strathclyde............................................................................................................................ ........................................... 81

North Sea Offshore Modeling Schemes with VSC-HVDC Technology: Control and Dynamic Performance Assessment,K. Nieradzinska, University of Strathclyde.......................................................................................................... ................... 84Upon the improvement of the winding design of wind turbine transformers for safer performance withinresonance overvoltages, Amir H Soloot, PhD, NTNU ......................................................................................... .................. 89

B2 Grid connectionPlanning Tool for Clustering and Optimised Grid Connection of Offshore Wind Farms, Harald G. Svendsen, SINTEF .... 93The role of the North Sea power transmission in realising the 2020 renewable energy targets - Planning and

permitting challenges, Jens Jacob Kielland Haug, SINTEF Energi AS.................................................................................. 96Technology Qualification of Offshore HVDC Technologies, Tore Langeland, DNV KEMA.............................................. 98Evaluating North Sea grid alternatives under EU’s RES-E targets for 2020, Ove Wolfgang, SINTEF Energi AS............... 104


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C1 Met-ocean conditionsWave-induce characteristics of atmospheric turbulence flux measurements, Mostafa Bakhoday Paskyabi, UiB.... ...... ...... .. 113Experimental characterization of the marine atmospheric boundary layer in the Havsul area, Norway,Constantinos Christakos, UiB....................................................................................................................................... ........... 118Buoy based turbulence measurements for offshore wind energy applications, M. Flügge, UiB ........................................... 121Effect of wave motion on wind lidar measurements - Comparison testing with controlled motion applied,Joachim Reuder, Univ of Bergen ................................................................................................ ........................................... 123Turbulence analysis of LIDAR wind measurements at a wind park in Lower Austria, Valerie-Marie Kumer, UiB ...... ...... 127

C2 Met-ocean conditionsWave driven wind simulations with CFD, Siri Kalvig, University of Stavanger / StormGeo .............................................. 133

New two-way coupled atmosphere-wave model system for improved wind speed and wave height forecasts,Olav Krogsæter, StormGeo / University of Bergen................................................................................................................ 136Measurement of wind profile with a buoy mounted lidar, Jan-Petter Mathisen, Fugro OCEANOR (presentation) ............... 142Measurement of wind profile with a buoy mounted lidar, Jan-Petter Mathisen, Fugro OCEANOR (paper)........................ 145 .

Numerical Simulation of Stationary Microburst Phenomena with Impinging Jet Model, Tze Siang Sim,

Nanyang Technological University ........................................................................................................... ........................... 155

Posters presentations .Magnetically Induced Vibration Forces in a Low-Speed Permanent Magnet Wind Generator with Concentrated Windings,Mostafa Valavi, PhD stud, NTNU.......................................................................................................................................... 161Stability in offshore wind farm with HVDC connection to mainland grid, Jorun I Marvik, SINTEF Energi AS................. 162A Markov Weather Model for O&M Simulation of Offshore Wind Parks, Brede Hagen, stud, NTNU............................... 163Turbulence Analysis of LIDAR Wind Measurements at a Wind Park in Lower Austria, Valerie-Marie Kumer, UiB..... .... 164Investigation of droplet erosion for offshore wind turbine blade, Magnus Tyrhaug, SINTEF.............................................. 165

NOWIcob – A tool for reducing the maintenance costs of offshore wind farms, Iver Bakken Sperstad, SINTEF Energi AS... 166Methodology to design an economic and strategic offshore wind energy Roadmap in Portugal, Laura Castro-Santos,Laboratório Nacional de Energia (LNEG) (poster) ................................................................................................................. 167Methodology to design an economic and strategic offshore wind energy Roadmap in Portugal, Laura Castro-Santos,Laboratório Nacional de Energia (LNEG) ( paper) ................................................................................................................. 168Methodology to study the life cycle cost of floating offshore wind farms, Laura Castros Santos,Laboratório Nacional de Energia (LNEG ) (poster) ............................................................................................................... 178Methodology to study the life cycle cost of floating offshore wind farms, Laura Castros Santos,Laboratório Nacional de Energia (LNEG ) (paper) ................................................................................................................ 179Two-dimensional fluid-structure interaction of airfoil, Knut Nordanger, PhD stud, NTNU ................................................. 187Experimental Investigation of Wind Turbine Wakes in the Wind Tunnel, Heiner Schümann, NTNU ................................. 188

Numerical Study on the Motions of the VertiWind Floating Offshore Wind Turbine, Raffaello Antonutti, EDF R&D ...... 189Coatings for protection of boat landings against corrosion and wear, Astrid Bjørgum, SINTEF Materials and Chemistry .. 190

Numerical model for Real-Time Hybrid Testing of a Floating Wind Turbine, Valentin CHABAUD, PhD stud, NTNU ... 191Advanced representation of tubular joints in jacket models for offshore wind turbine simulation,Jan Dubois, ForWind – Leibniz University Hannover ........................................................................................................... 192Comparison of coupled and uncoupled load simulations on the fatigue loads of a jacket support structure,Philipp Haselbach, DTU Wind Energy .................................................................................................................................. 193

Design Standard for Floating Wind Turbine Structures, Anne Lene H. Haukanes, DNV .................................................... 194 Nonlinear irregular wave forcing on offshore wind turbines. Effects of soil damping and wave radiation damping inmisaligned wind and waves, Signe Schløer, DTU ..................................................................................................... ........... 195

D Operation & maintenanceDevelopment of a Combined Operational and Strategic Decision Support Model for Offshore Wind,Iain Dinwoodie, PhD Stud, Univ Strathclyde ........................................................................................................................ 197Vessel fleet size and mix analysis for maintenance operations at offshore wind farms, Elin E. Halvorsen-Weare,SINTEF ICT/MARINTEK .......................................................................................................... .......................................... 200

NOWIcob – A tool for reducing the maintenance costs of offshore wind farms, Iver Bakken Sperstad, SINTEF .............. 203WINDSENSE – a joint development project for add-on instrumentation of Wind Turbines, Oddbjørn Malmo,Kongsberg Maritime AS .................................................................................................................................................. ...... 207Long-term analysis of gear loads in fixed offshore wind turbines considering ultimate operational loadings,Amir Rasekhi Nejad, PhD stud, NTNU ............................................................................................................................... 211


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E Installation & sub-structuresStructures of offshore converter platforms - Concepts and innovative developments, Joscha Brörmann,Technologiekontor Bremerhaven GmbH ............................................................................................................................ 216Dynamic analysis of floating wind turbines during pitch actuator fault, grid loss, and shutdown,Erin E. Bachynski, PhD stud, NTNU .................................................................................................................. ................ 219Use of a wave energy converter as a motion suppression device for floating wind turbines, Michael Borg,Cranfield University .............................................................................................................................. .............................. 223Loads and response from steep and breaking waves. An overview of the ‘Wave loads’ project,Henrik Bredmose, Associate Professor, DTU Wind Energy ............................................................................................... 226Effect of second-order hydrodynamics on floating offshore wind turbines, Line Roald, ETH Zürich ............................... 235

F Wind farm modellingWind farm optimization, Prof Gunner Larsen, DTU Wind Energy ..................................................................................... 239Blind test 2 - Wind and Wake Modelling, Prof Lars Sætran, NTNU ................................................................................... 245A practical approach in the CFD simulations of off-shore wind farms through the actuator disc technique,Giorgio Crasto, WindSim AS ................................................................................................................................................ 250

3D hot-wire measurements of a wind turbine wake, Pål Egil Eriksen, PhD stud, NTNU .................................................... 255 Near and far wake validation study for two turbines in line, Marwan Khalil, GexCon AS ............................................... 258

Closing sessionDeep offshore and new foundation concepts, Arapogianni Athanasia, European Wind Energy Association ...... ...... ...... ... 262Optimal offshore grid development in the North Sea towards 2030, Daniel Huertas Hernando, SINTEF Energi AS ...... .. 265

New turbine technology, Svein Kjetil Haugset, Blaaster (no presentation available)


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DeepWind 2013 - 10 th Deep Sea Offshore Wind R&D Conference24 - 25 January 2013, Royal Garden Hotel, Kjøpmannsgata 73, Trondheim, NORWAY

Thursday 24 January 09.00 Registration & coffee

Opening session – Frontiers of Science and Technology Chairs: John Olav Tande, SINTEF/NOWITECH and Trond Kvamsdal, NTNU/NOWITECH

09.30 Opening and welcome by chair 09.40 Innovations in offshore wind technology , John Olav Tande, SINTEF/NOWITECH

10.05 Key research topics in offshore wind energy, Kristin Guldbrandsen Frøysa, CMR/NORCOWE 10.30 Research at Alpha Ventus deep offshore wind farm, Stefan Faulstich, Fh IWES11.00 WindFloat deep offshore wind operational experience , Pedro Valverde, EdP 11.30 HyWind deep offshore wind operational experience , Finn Gunnar Nielsen, Statoil11.55 Closing by chair 12.00 Lunch

Parallel sessions A1) New turbine technologyChairs: Michael Muskulus, NTNU Prof Gerard van Bussel, TU Delft

B1) Power system integrationChairs: Prof Kjetil Uhlen, NTNU Prof Olimpo Anaya ‐Lara, Strathclyde Uni

C1) Met ‐ocean conditionsChairs: Prof J Reuder, Uni of Bergen Erik Berge, Kjeller Vindteknikk

13.00 Introduction by Chair Introduction by Chair Introduction by Chair13.10 Design Optimization of a 5 MW

Floating Offshore Vertical Axis Wind Turbine , Uwe Schmidt Paulsen, Technical Uni of Denmark, DTU

Wind Turbine Electrical Design for an Offshore HVDC Connection , Olimpo Anaya ‐Lara, Strathclyde Univ.

Wave ‐induce characteristics of atmospheric turbulence flux measurements , Mostafa Bakhoday Paskyabi, UiB

13.40 Operational Control of a Floating Vertical Axis Wind Turbine , Harald Svendsen, SINTEF Energi AS

Frequency Quality in the Nordic system: Offshore Wind variability, Hydro Power Pump Storage and usage of HVDC Links, Atsede Endegnanew, SINTEF Energi AS

Experimental characterization of the marine atmospheric boundary layer in the Havsul area, Norway , Constantinos Christakos, UiB

14.00 Control for Avoiding Negative Damping on Floating Offshore Wind Turbine, Prof Yuta Tamagawa, Uni. of Tokyo

Coordinated control for wind turbine and VSC ‐HVDC transmission to enhance FRT capability , A. Luque, Uni. Strathclyde

Buoy based turbulencemeasurements for offshore wind energy applications , M. Flügge, UiB

14.20 Towards the fully ‐coupled numerical modelling of floating wind turbines ,

Axelle Viré, Imperial College, London

North Sea Offshore Modeling Schemes with VSC ‐HVDC Technology: Control and Dynamic Performance Assessment , K. Nieradzinska, University of Strathclyde

Effect of wave motion on wind lidar measurements ‐ Comparison testing with controlled motion applied , Joachim Reuder, Univ of Bergen

14.40 Geometric scaling effects of bend ‐twist coupling in rotor blades , Kevin Cox, PhD stud, NTNU

Upon the improvement of the winding design of wind turbine transformers for safer performance within resonance overvoltages , Amir H Soloot, PhD, NTNU

Turbulence analysis of LIDAR wind measurements at a wind park in Lower Austria , Valerie ‐Marie Kumer, UiB

15.00 Refreshments A2) New turbine technology Chairs: Michael Muskulus Prof Gerard van Bussel, TU Delft

B2) Grid connectionChairs: Prof Kjetil Uhlen, NTNU Prof Olimpo Anaya ‐Lara, Strathclyde Uni

C2) Met ‐ocean conditionsChairs: J Reuder, Uni of Bergen Erik Berge, Kjeller Vindteknikk

15.30 Introduction by Chair Introduction by Chair Introduction by Chair15.35 High Power Generator for Wind Power

Industry: A Review, Zhaoqiang Zhang, PhD stud, NTNU

Planning Tool for Clustering and Optimised Grid Connection of Offshore Wind Farms, Harald G. Svendsen, SINTEF

Wave driven wind simulations with CFD, Siri Kalvig, University of Stavanger / StormGeo

15.55 Superconducting Generator Technology for Large Offshore Wind Turbines, Niklas Magnusson, SINTEF Energi AS

The role of the North Sea power transmission in realising the 2020 renewable energy targets ‐ Planning and permitting challenges , Jens Jacob Kielland Haug, SINTEF Energi AS

New two ‐way coupled atmosphere ‐wave model system for improved wind speed and wave height forecasts , Olav Krogsæter, StormGeo / University of Bergen

16.15 Laboratory Verification of the Modular Converter for a 100 kV DC Transformer ‐less Offshore Wind Turbine Solution , Sverre Gjerde, PhD stud, NTNU

Technology Qualification of Offshore HVDC Technologies , Tore Langeland, DNV KEMA

Measurement of wind profile with a buoy mounted lidar , Jan ‐Petter Mathisen, Fugro OCEANOR

16.35 Multi ‐objective Optimization of a Modular Power Converter Based on Medium Frequency AC ‐Link for Offshore DC Wind Park , Rene A. Barrera, NTNU

Evaluating North Sea grid alternatives under EU’s RES‐E targets for 2020 , Ove Wolfgang, SINTEF Energi AS

Numerical Simulation of Stationary Microburst Phenomena with Impinging Jet Model , Tze Siang Sim, Nanyang Technological University

16.55 Closing by Chair Closing by Chair Closing by Chair 17.00 Poster session with refreshments 19.00 Dinner

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Thursday 24 January 17.00 Poster Session with refreshments

1. Aeroelastc analysis software as a teaching and learning tool for young and old students of wind turbines, Paul E. Thomassen, NTNU

2. Magnetically Induced Vibration Forces in a Low ‐Speed Permanent Magnet Wind Generator with Concentrated Windings, Mostafa Valavi, PhD stud, NTNU

3. Coupled 3D Modelling of Large ‐Diameter Ironless PM Generator , Zhaoqiang Zhang, PhD stud, NTNU 4. Stability in offshore wind farm with HVDC connection to mainland grid, Jorun I Marvik, SINTEF Energi AS 5. Perturbation in the acoustic field from a large offshore wind farm in the presence of surface gravity waves, Mostafa

Bakhoday Paskyabi, UiB 6. Autonomous Turbulence Measurements from a Subsurface Moored Platform, Mostafa Bakhoday Paskyabi, UiB 7. A Markov Weather Model for O&M Simulation of Offshore Wind Parks, Brede Hagen, stud, NTNU 8. Turbulence Analysis of LIDAR Wind Measurements at a Wind Park in Lower Austria, Valerie ‐Marie Kumer, UiB 9. Investigation of droplet erosion for offshore wind turbine blade, Magnus Tyrhaug, SINTEF 10. A Fuzzy FMEA Risk Assessment Approach for Offshore Wind Turbines, Fateme Dinmohammadi, Islamic Azad University 11. NOWIcob – A tool for reducing the maintenance costs of offshore wind farms, Iver Bakken Sperstad, SINTEF Energi AS 12. Long ‐term analysis of gear loads in fixed offshore wind turbines considering ultimate operational loadings, Amir

Rasekhi Nejad, PhD, NTNU 13. Methodology to design an economic and strategic offshore wind energy Roadmap in Portugal, Laura Castro ‐Santos,

Laboratório Nacional de Energia (LNEG) 14. Methodology to study the life cycle cost of floating offshore wind farms, Laura Castros Santos,Laboratório Nacional de

Energia (LNEG) 15. Two ‐dimensional fluid ‐structure interaction of airfoil , Knut Nordanger, PhD stud, NTNU 16. Experimental Investigation of Wind Turbine Wakes in the Wind Tunnel , Heiner Schümann, NTNU 17. Numerical Study on the Motions of the VertiWind Floating Offshore Wind Turbine, Raffaello Antonutti, EDF R&D 18. Coatings for protection of boat landings against corrosion and wear , Astrid Bjørgum, SINTEF Materials and Chemistry 19. Analysis of spar buoy designs for offshore wind turbines, C. Romanò, DIMEAS, Politecnico di Torino 20. Numerical model for Real ‐Time Hybrid Testing of a Floating Wind Turbine, Valentin CHABAUD, PhD stud, NTNU 21. Advanced representation of tubular joints in jacket models for offshore wind turbine simulation, Jan Dubois, ForWind –

Leibniz University Hannover 22. Comparison of coupled and uncoupled load simulations on the fatigue loads of a jacket support structure, Philipp

Haselbach, DTU Wind Energy 23. Design Standard for Floating Wind Turbine Structures , Anne Lene H. Haukanes, DNV

24.

Nonlinear irregular

wave

forcing

on

offshore

wind

turbines.

Effects

of

soil

damping

and

wave

radiation

damping

in

misaligned wind and waves, Signe Schløer, DTU

19.00 Dinner

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DeepWind 2013 - 10 th Deep Sea Offshore Wind R&D Seminar

24-25 January 2013, Royal Garden Hotel, Kjøpmannsgata 73, Trondheim, NORWAY Friday 25 January

Parallel sessions D) Operations & maintenance Chairs: Matthias Hofmann, SINTEF Stefan Faulstich, Fh IWES

E) Installation & sub ‐structuresChairs: Hans ‐Gerd Busmann, Fh IWES Jørgen Krogstad, Statkraft

F) Wind farm modellingChairs: Prof Trond Kvamsdal, NTNU Thomas Buhl, DTU Wind Energy

08.30 Introduction by Chair Introduction by Chair Introduction by Chair08.35 Development of a Combined Operational and Strategic Decision Support Model for Offshore Wind, Iain Dinwoodie, PhD Stud, Univ Strathclyde

Structures of offshore converter platforms ‐ Concepts and innovative developments , Joscha Brörmann, Technologiekontor Bremerhaven GmbH

Wind farm optimization , Prof Gunner Larsen, DTU Wind Energy

09.05 Vessel fleet size and mix analysis for maintenance operations at offshore wind farms , Elin E. Halvorsen ‐Weare, SINTEF ICT/MARINTEK

Dynamic analysis of floating wind turbines during pitch actuator fault, grid loss, and shutdown , Erin E. Bachynski, PhD stud, NTNU

Blind test 2 ‐ Wind and WakeModelling , Prof Lars Sætran, NTNU

09.25 NOWIcob – A tool for reducing the maintenance costs of offshore wind

farms, Iver Bakken Sperstad, SINTEF

Use of a wave energy converter as a motion suppression device for floating

wind turbines , Michael Borg, Cranfield University

A practical approach in the CFD simulations of off ‐shore wind farms

through the actuator disc technique , Giorgio Crasto, WindSim AS 09:45 WINDSENSE – a joint development

project for add ‐on instrumentation of Wind Turbines , Oddbjørn Malmo, Kongsberg Maritime AS

Loads and response from steep and breaking waves. An overview of the ‘Wave loads’ project, Henrik Bredmose, Associate Professor, DTU Wind Energy

3D hot ‐wire measurements of a wind turbine wake , Pål Egil Eriksen, PhD stud, NTNU

10:05 Long ‐term analysis of gear loads in fixed offshore wind turbines considering ultimate operational loadings, Amir Rasekhi Nejad, PhD stud, NTNU

Effect of second ‐order hydrodynamics on floating offshore wind turbines , Line Roald, ETH Zürich

Near and far wake validation study for two turbines in line , Marwan Khalil, GexCon AS

10.35 Closing by Chair Closing by Chair Closing by Chair

10.40 Refreshments Closing session – Strategic Outlook Chairs: John Olav Tande, SINTEF/NOWITECH and Michael Muskulus, NTNU/NOWITECH

11.00 Introduction by Chair 11.05 Deep offshore and new foundation concepts , Arapogianni Athanasia, European Wind Energy Association 11.35 Optimal offshore grid development in the North Sea towards 2030, Daniel Huertas Hernando, SINTEF Energi AS12.05 New turbine technology , Svein Kjetil Haugset, Blaaster 12.35 Poster award and closing 13.00 Lunch

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List of participants

Name

Institution

Anaya‐Lara, Olimpo Strathclyde University

Antonutti, Raffaello EDF R&D LNHEArapogianni, Athanasia European Wind Energy AssociationBachynski, Erin CeSOS/NTNU

Bardal, Lars Morten NTNUBarrera ‐Cardenas, Rene Alexander NTNUBerge, Erik Kjeller VindteknikkBergh, Øivind Institute of Marine ResearchBjørgum, Astrid SINTEF Materials and ChemistryBolleman, Nico Blue H Engineering BVBorg, Michael Cranfield UniversityBredmose, Henrik DTU Wind EnergyBrörmann, Joscha Teknologiekontor BremerhavenBuhl, Thomas DTU Wind EnergyBusmann, Hans‐Gerd Fraunhofer IWESCastro Santos, Laura University of A CoruñaChabaud, Valentin NTNUChristakos, Konstantinos University of Bergen

Cox, Kevin NTNUCrasto, Giorgio WindSim ASDe Laleu, Vincent EDF R&Dde Vaal, Jabus NTNUDelhaye, Virgile SINTEF M&C

Deng, Han NTNUDinwoodie, Iain University of StrathclydeDubois, Jan Leibniz Universitaet Hannover Stahlbau

Dufourd, Frederic EDFEecen, Peter ECNEgeland, Håkon Statkraft Energi ASEndegnanew, Atsede SINTEF Energi ASEriksen, Pål Egil NTNUEriksson, Kjell Det Norske VeritasFaulstich, Stefan Fh IWESFlügge, Martin University of Bergen

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Fredriksen, Tommy HiT

Frøyd, Lars 4Subsea ASFrøysa, Kristin Gulbrandsen NORCOWE / CMRGao, Zhen CeSOS/NTNUGjerde, Sverre Skalleberg NTNUGrønsleth, Martin Kjeller Vindteknikk ASHaarr, Geirr Statoil HywindHagen, Brede NTNUHalvorsen‐Weare, Elin Espeland SINTEF IKTHaselbach, Philipp Ulrich DTU Wind Energy

Haugset, Svein Kjetil ChapdriveHofmann, Matthias SINTEF EnergiHopstad, Anne Lene DNVHuertas Hernando, Daniel SINTEF EnergiIversen, Viggo ProneoJakobsen, Tommy Kongsberg MaritimeJohnsen, Trond MARINTEK ASKalvig, Siri Storm GeoKamio, Takeshi The University of TokyoKarlsson, Sara Hexicon AB

Kastmann, Pål Arne Innovation Norway / Norwegian Embassy in Beijing Khalil, Marwan GexCon ASKielland Haug, Jens Jakob SINTEF EnergiKjerstad, Einar Fiskerstrand BLRT

Kocewiak, Lukasz DONG Energy Wind PowerKorpås, Magnus SINTEF EnergiKrogsæter, Olav Storm GeoKrokstad, Jørgen StatkraftKumer, Valerie‐Marie University of BergenKvamme, Cecilie Institute of Marine ResearchKvamsdal, Trond NTNUKvittem, Marit Irene CeSOS/NTNULangeland, Tore DNVLarsen, Gunner DTU Wind EnergyLauritzen, Tore Lennart Access Mid‐NorwayLjøkelsøy, Kjell SINTEF EnergiLund, Berit Floor Kongsberg MaritimeLund,Per Christer Norwegian Embassy in TokyoLunde, Knut‐Ola NTNU

Luque, Antonio University of StrathclydeLynum, Susanne NTNU

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Magnusson, Niklas SINTEF Energi

Malmo, Oddbjørn Kongsberg MaritimeManger, Eirik Acona Flow TechnologyMartinussen, Mads BlaasterMarvik, Jorun SINTEF EnergiMathisen, Jan‐Petter Fugro OCEANORMidtsund, Tarjei Statnett SFMuskulus, Michael NTNUNatarajan, Anand DTU Wind EnergyNejad, Amir R. NTNUNiedzwecki, John Texas A/M UniversityNieradzinska, Kamila Strathclyde UniversityNilsen, Finn Gunnar Statoil ASANodeland, Anne Mette NTNUNordanger, Knut NTNUNysveen, Arne NTNU/ElkraftteknikkOggiano, Luca IFEOma, Per Norman Kongsberg Maritime ASOng, Muk Chen MARINTEKPaskyabi, Mostafa Bakhoday Geophysical Institute/NORCOWE

Paulsen, Uwe Schmidt DTU Wind EnergyRebours, Yann EDF R&DReuder, Joachim UiBRoald, Line ETH Zürich

Schaumann, Peter Leibniz Universitaet Hannover Stahlbau

Schløer, Signe DTU Wind EnergySchramm, Rainer Subhydro ASSchümann, Heiner NTNUSeterlund, Anne Marie Statkraft DevelopmentSim, Tze Siang Nanyang Technological UniversitySingstad, Ivar Innovation Norway

Skaare, Bjørn Statoil ASASoloot, Amir Hayati NTNU

Sperstad, Iver Bakken SINTEF EnergiStenbro, Roy IFESvendgård, Ole VIVA ‐ Testsenter for vindturbinerSvendsen, Harald SINTEF EnergiSæter, Camilla NTNUSætran, Lars NTNU

Sørheim, Hans Roar CMRTamagawa, Yuta Tokyo University

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Tande, John Olav SINTEF Energi

Thomassen, Paul NTNUTveiten, Bård Wathne SINTEF

Tyrhaug, Magnus NTNUUhlen, Kjetil NTNUUndeland, Tore NTNUValverde, Pedro EDP Inovação, S.A.

van Bussel, Gerard TU DelftVan Der Pal, Aart ECNVire, Axelle Imperial College LondonWolfgang, Ove SINTEF EnergiZhang, Zhaoqiang NTNUØstbø, Niels Peter SINTEF ICTÖfverström, Anders Hexicon ABØyslebø, Eirik Norges vassdrags ‐ og energidirektorat

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3 Scientific Committee and Conference Chairs

An international Scientific Committee was established with participants from leading research institutes anduniversities for reviewing submissions and preparing the conference programme. The members of theScientific Committee of DeepWind'2013 are listed below.

Anaya-Lara, Olimpo, Strathclyde UniversityBerge, Erik, Kjeller VindteknikkBuhl, Thomas, DTUBusmann, Hans-Gerd, Fraunhofer IWESBussel, Gerard J.W. van, TU DelftFaulstich, Stefan, Fraunhofer IWESKrokstad, Jørgen, StatkraftKvamsdal, Trond, NTNULangen, Ivar, UiSLeithead, William, Strathclyde UniversityMadsen, Peter Hauge, DTUMoan, Torgeir, NTNUMolinas, Marta, NTNUMuskulus, Michael, NTNU

Nielsen, Finn Gunnar, Statoil Nygaard, Tor Anders, IFEReuder, Jochen, UiBSirnivas, Senu, NRELTande, John Olav, SINTEFUhlen, Kjetil, NTNUUndeland, Tore, NTNU

The conference chairs were

- John Olav Giæver Tande, Director NOWITECH, senior scientist SINTEF Energy Research- Trond Kvamsdal, Chair NOWITECH Scientific Committee, Associate Professor NTNU- Michael Muskulus, Vice Chair NOWITECH Scientific Committee, Professor NTNU

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Opening session ‐ Frontiers of Science and technology

Innovations in offshore wind technology, John Olav Tande, SINTEF/NOWITECH

Key research

topics

in

offshore

wind

energy,

Kristin Guldbrandsen Frøysa, CMR/NORCOWE

Research at Alpha Ventus deep offshore wind farm , Stafan Faulstich, Fh IWES

WindFloat deep offshore wind operational experience,

Pedro Valverde, EdP

HyWind deep offshore wind operational experience, Finn Gunnar Nielsen, Statoil

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7

Exciting floating concepts

BlueH (2007, 80 kW)HiPRwind

(2009, 2,3 MW)

NREL/MIT

(2011, 2,3 MW)

New generator concept allowsfor direct HVDC connection toshore and avoiding costlyoffshore sub-station

New support structure avoidcostly transition piece betweentubular tower and jacket

NOWITECH 10 MW reference turbine

The NOWITECH 10 MW referenceturbine introduces a newgenerator and support st ructureconcept

100 kV

8

Innfarm

Con

10

Courtesy AMSC

100 times the current density compared to copper

More than doubles the achievable magnetic field

Eliminates rotor losses

Operating at 20-50 K

New materials give new electromagnetic designs

Possible step-changing technology

Activity in new FP7 project: InnWind

Superconducting generators reduce weight

11

Optimization of the offshore gridInside and between wind farmsNew market solutions are requiredNew technology (HVDC VSC, multi-terminal, hybrid HVDC/HVAC, .. )Protection, Fault handling, Operation,Control, Cost, Security of Supply

0 5 10 15 20 25 30100

1020

1040

1060

1080

10100

10120

10140

Number of nodes

N u m

b e r o

f c a

b l e c o n

f i g u

r a t i o n s

R


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Best poster at EOW 2011

Integrating str uctural dynamics, control and electric model

75 77 79 81 830

0.25

0.5

0.75

1

Time[s]

U g

r i d [ p u

]

70 75 80 85 90 95 1003.43.63.8

44.24.4

X [ M N m

]

70 75 80 85 90 95 1000

0.20.40.60.8

1

Y [ M N m

]

Time[s]

xy

14

Reducing uncertainties by better models

Integrated models simulate the behavior of the completeturbine with substructure in the marine environment:SIMO-RIFLEX (MARINTEK) and 3DFloat (IFE)Model capability includes bottom fixed and floating conceptsCode to code comparison in IEA Wind OC3 and OC4

Model to measurements comparison in progress

SECmMdpR

pu

Users:Research & Industry

Main Objectives:Industrial value creation, and morecost-effective offshore wind farmsBuild competence and gain newknowledgeDevelop and validate numericaltools and technical solutions

16

SmartGridRenewable

Energy SystemLab

EFOWI &NOWERI

(in cooperation

withNORCOWE)

Ocean Basinlab

Wind tunnel++

Mobiletest labETEST

Strong research infrastructure in development

EFOWI

NOWERI

From Idea to Commercial Deployment

Prototype

Technology Focus

Cost Focus

Commercial and Market Focus

Model test

Concept

LargeParks

Pilot Park

2001

2005

2009

2014-16

Graphic is copy from Statoil presentation on HyWindat WindPower R&D seminar; 20-21 January 2011, Trondheim, Norway

N


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19

Rounding upRemarkable results are already achieved by industry and R&Dinstitutes on deep offshore wind technologyTechnology still in an early phase – Big potential provided technicaldevelopment and bringing cost downResearch plays a significant role in providing new knowledge asbasis for industrial development and cost-effective offshore wind

farms at deep seaCooperation between research and industry is essential for ensuringrelevance, quality and value creationTest and demonstration, also in large scale, is vital to bring researchresults into the market place

Offshore wind is a multidisciplinary challenge – internationalcollaboration is the answer!Outlook is demanding, but prosperous with a growing global market

20

NOWITECH is a joint 40M€research effort on offshorewind technology.

Integrated numericaldesign toolsNew materials forblades and generators.Novel substructures(bottom-fixed andfloaters)Grid connection andsystem integrationOperation andmaintenance

Ass essm ent o f no velconcepts

www.NOWITECH.no

We make it possib le

Questions?


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Key research topics in offshorewind energy

DeepWind 2013

Kristin Guldbrandsen FrøysaDirector NORCOWE

[email protected]

Outline

• Motion compensation• Measurements and database• Wind farm layout• Wind farm power control and prediction

Slide 2/ 31-Jan-13 Source: http

Description of wind shear

• Empirical power law description of the vertical wind shear:

• The logarithmic wind profile

ref ref z

zu zu )(

0

* ln)( z z

k u

zu

Wind profiles and stability

• Measurements at high towers show, that these windprofiles based on surface-layer theory and Monin-Obukhovscaling are only valid up to ca. 50-80 m

J. ReuInstitu

O

F

MSh


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J. Reuder, GeophysicalInstitute, University of Bergen

Satellite data (SAR, QuickScat)Ocean wind speed map from ERSSAR from Horns Rev in the NorthSea, Denmark observed 6 October2004. The Horns Rev offshorewind farm is located in thetrapezoid.

• Source: http://galathea3.emu.dk/satelliteeye/projekter/wind/back_uk.html

Shortcomings:limited temporal resolutionuncertainty in determinationof relevant wind speed overthe rotor disk

Lidar going offshore

• Why?– Poor information on the offshore wind field in the relevant height

interval (30..200 m)– Corresponding mast structures are expansive and rather inflexible

• Challenges– Motion avoidance or motion correction– Adaptation to harsh marine environment– Energy for long term deployments

SeaZe(Natu

Zephspareleg bu

Li

Stewart platform

• Application of 55 different motion patterns on a 6-DOF motion platform, 3hours each

Lidar movement testing

source: Final Report of the project “Measurements of Wind Profile from a Buoy using Lidar” in cooperation between Fugro OCEANOR, Statoil,University of Bergen, Uni Research, Christian Michelsen Research (CMR) and Marintek

Offshore comparison E

•••

Source: M


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HMF 2200-K4 Loader Crane

• 2012:– Foundation– Instrumentation

– Modeling & Simulation– (Real Time Simulation)

• Future work (2013):– Control System– Experimentation

Source: Magnus B Kjelland, UiA

Real Time Simulation

Real Time PC Simulation Model

Human Operator

Control System

Source: Magnus B Kjelland, UiA

A nof wmod

Strengths of model reduction technics

• Physical– The method solves the non-linear flow equations in a reduced space.

• Fast– The method provides CFD quality results within seconds of

computational time (single CPU).

• Power production– Individual turbine production calculated.

• Turbulence– 3D flow fields for both velocity and turbulent kinetic energy are

computed.

• Transfer– The model reduction technique can take advantage of improvements in

the CFD tool, such as improved turbine and turbulence models.

Illustration of int erfaceR

•


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Irregular grid

• Non-regular layout: investigate selected non-regularlayouts. What is the energy yield compared to a regularlayout setup?

Power production sensitivity

• Regular / non-regular layout: What is thesensitivity of the power production on variationsof the wind rose?

• This could highlight how changes in the inflow conditions dueto nearby wind farms potentially would affect the powerproduction of the downstream wind farm.

W

•

Wind farm power control and prediction

Slide 22/ 31-Jan-13

Source: Torben Knudsen, AAU

Can a dynamic controlled power setpoint control of all turbines improvetotal production further?

Slide 23/ 31-Jan-13

Source: Torben Knudsen, AAU

•

Slide

Ccle

Source: T


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Thank you for

your attention!

www.norcowe.no

Slide 25/ 31-Jan-13


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Funding Body Supervisor Coordination

Research at alpha ventusJoint research at Germany’s first offshore

wind farm

Stefan Faulstich, Michael Durstewitz, Bernhard Lange, Eva OttoFraunhofer Institute for Wind Energy and Energy System TechnologyIWES, Kassel, Germany

Research atalpha ventus – Stefan Faulstich24.01.2013, DeepWind 2013, Trondheim, Norway2

Content

Alpha ventus,…

– milestones

– layout

…RAVE…

– Objectives

– Measurements

– Exemplary results

…and beyond

– Continuation of RAVE

– Technology monitoring

TE

3

© Fraunhofer

Research atalpha ventus – Stefan Faulstich24.01.2013, DeepWind 2013, Trondheim, Norway

Competence CenterRotor Blade

Climate chamber 200 metermeasuring mast

The Fraunhofer IWES – experimental facilitiesExemplary Highlights

www.fraunhofer.iwes.de

4

© Fraunhofer IWES


alpha ventus and RAVE

• 2007 in Germany: – Very ambitious offhore plans, but no offshore turbine – German sites: far out and in „deep“ water

5

A

•

•

•

•

•

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© DOTI www.alpha-ventus.de

REpower 5M AREVA Wind M5000

Fino 1

• North Sea• 45 km north

of Borkum• Water depth:

30 m• 12 turbines• 5 MW class

-AREVAWind M5000-Repower 5M

Alpha ventus: project details

7Research atalpha ventus – Stefan Faulstich

24.01.2013, DeepWind 2013, Trondheim, Norway

Alpha ventus / results 2011

• Production (2011): 267 GWh4,450 full load hours

8 9

R

•

••••

•


Main objectives of RAVEDemonstration Development Investigation of OWP issues

Expand research, experience & expertise

10

© DOTI 2009; Boris Valov, FraunhoferIWES; DEWI; Sebastian Fuhrmann;Fraunhofer IWES


measurement service

11

RAVE – R&D contents

12

R


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• Detailed Load and turbine data fromfour wind turbines

• SCADA data of all turbines

• Geological, oceanographic andenvironmental data

• LiDAR (upwind and downwind)

RAVE – measurements

© DOTI

• Electrical data from substations

• Meteorological data from FINO1 AREVA Wind

M5000

REpower 5M

© GL


Structuraldynamics

Meteoro-logy

RAVE – measurements

Wave water pressure

Corrosion

Soundemmission

Operationaldata

Hydrology /Geology

Birdobservation

In total about 1300 Sensors!Data Warehouse: 10 Tbyte, 85 accredidated users

R

15

•

•

•


RAVE 2012: exemplary research results

• Lidar based control can improve theenergetic output of a turbine by 1-2 %

• Progress in turbulence and wakesimulation and in understandingturbulence interaction betweenoffshore wind farms

• An operation and failure statisticsdata base is of high relevance – progress is underway

16

© G L G a r r a

d H a s s a n

© R E p o w e r

S y s

t e m s

S E

© D O T I

, 2 0 0 9


RAVE 2012: exemplary research results

• Operational sound is of lowerecological relevance

• Social acceptance increased2011 compared to 2009;

17

• Bubble curtains reduce piledriving noise emissioneffectively

© H y d r o

t e c h n i

k L ü b e c k

G m

b H

© M a r

t i n - L u t

h e r -

U n i v e r s

i t ä t H a l

l e - W

i t t e n

b e r g

R

18

•

•


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RAVE

RAVE has achieved its goals:• Proven the offshore-capability of the 5 MW turbine class• Facilitated further development of offshore wind technology in many

areas• Improved the knowledge about offshore wind utilisation• Produced an invaluable and unique data set of measurements

RAVE will continue, but the focus will move:• from design and erection to operation and maintenance• from demonstration to research

19Research atalpha ventus – Stefan Faulstich

24.01.2013, DeepWind 2013, Trondheim, Norway

What is RAVE today?

• A research lab in the middle of the North Sea

• A huge unique set of measurement data

• A research community dedicated to OWP

• An interdisciplinary knowledge base for

OWP topics

20

© Fraunhofer IWES; LeibnizUniversität Hannover; REpowerSystems; Reinhold Hill; KlausLucke; BSH

S ci

R

T

Le

T


Technology Monitoring

22

12

34

56

78

910

1

2

3

4

5

0,00,20,40,60,81,01,21,41,61,82,02,22,42,62,83,03,23,43,63,84,0

m e a n a

n n u a

l f a i l u r e

f r e q u e n c y

year of operation year ofproduction


To answer fundamentalquestions ondevelopment of windpower offshore

General monitoring

To optimize operationand maintenance

Systematic collectionand evaluation ofoperational experiences

23

Technology Monitoring

24

T

W

W

R“C

Al


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The WindFloat Project 13

Pre-assembly of the columns

outside the Dry-dock in Setúbal


Columnsmoved to Dry-dock

The WindFloat


Mooring Pre-Lay in parallel

with the fabrication


Turbine Installation in the Dry Dock using the

shipyard’sgantrycrane

The WindFloat

Tow from S

same vessel


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Hook-up at final location


In Operation since December2011!

The WindFloat

The WindPrelim


Survivability and performance proved in normal and extreme conditionsPreliminary performance analysis

22 Oct2011Installation complete

01 Nov201115 meterswave

20 Dec 2011FirstElectron produced

03 Jan 2012Operation in Hs=6m andHmax=12,6m


• The fabrication and installation were successfully complete despite all the challenges faced

• The technical results of the first 6 months of operation of the WindFloat are very promising

• The testing and monitoring of the WindFloat will continue during the next years

• WindPlus will start to prepare the Pre Commercial phase

• One step towards the development of deep offshore wind

Conclusions

The WindFloat

T


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Hywind. Deep offshore windoperational experience.Finn Gunnar Nielsen, Statoil RDI

The starting point -2001

• Inspired by floating sailing marks.

“Seawind” matured during 2002

Tong, K.C. OWEMES seminar , Atena,Rome,Feb. 1994

2

Ke

Co

De

”St

Wa

Ass

Re

Flo

Ele

On

Th

3

From idea to commercial concept

Demo

Pilot park

Model test

Concept & theory

Onshoreconnectedparks

2002

2005

2009

Technical Focus

Cost Focus

Market Focus

2013

Idea

2003

4


What does it take?

Demo

Pilot park

Model test

Concept & theory


2002

2005

2009

Technical Focus

Cost Focus

Market Focus

2013

Idea

2003

5


•Creativity•Competence & experience•Endurance•Business understanding•Professional project execution•Management commitment•Timing•Funding

M• De• Val• Mo• Irre

6


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Assembly and installation of Hywind Demo Summer 2009

7

Operation in harsh environment

• Max wind velocity: 40 m/sec

• Max sign wave height: 10.5 m

8

Fu

9

Hywind Operation and monitoring

10

Databases and datamanagement

•Integration of people process and technology

•Use of data, collaborative technology and multidisciplinary work

Integrated Operations – implementing O&Gexperience

11

A b

12


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Hywind performance in 2012

• 2 stops in Q1 due to external grid faults, total 57 days. Production loss of ~1,5 GWh

• Production 2012 is 7,4 GWh(8,9 GWh without grid error)

• 11% lower than normal wind speed

• Capacity factor 2012: 37% (would be 44% without grid error)

• September production 1,1 GWh, Capacity factor 54%.

• Focus on improvements, lower O&M cost

Grid faults

13

Production during a storm condition

• 24 hour period duringstorm “Dagmar”, Dec2011

• Avg. wind speed 16m/sec

• Max wind speed 24m/sec

• Max significant waveheight 7.1m

• Power production 96.7%of rated

14

MeWind

WEST

15

Data interpretation and validation

0 100 200 3000

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

Amplitude[ton 2-s -1]

F r e q u e n c y

[ H z

]

Hull_MoorForceX_Pos1_Backup- Black curveis generatorspeed[RPM/1e4]

Time

F r e q u e n c y

[ H z

]

Oct/100

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1Gen. below800Gen. above800

3P

Surge

Pitch

Poor/No data

• Spectrogram of mooringline force

• 1 month of data shown

• Used for:

Error detection

Identification ofnaturalfrequencies.

16

Full scale versus computations• Wind speed 17.5 m/sec, Significant wave height 4.0m, Current 0.4 m/sec

• Estimated wave time history.

• Computed motion response

• Wind forces included from measured wind spectrum

• Visualization

Tower pitch motion

17

Be

• Me

• Ea

00

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8x

b e n

d i n g m o m e n

t [ ( k N m ) 2 s

]

18


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Importance of motion controller

50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

time [s]

t o w e r p

i t c

h a n g

l e [ d e g

]

Conventional controller

Motion stabilizing controller

Shut down

19

Hywind evolutionUse of experience - Improved design

Hywind Demo Hywind II

• Bigger turbine

• Smaller hull• Lower costs• Site specific

20 21

Floasolu

The next step

22

Presentation title

Presenters namePresenters titleE-mail address ……@statoil.comTel: +4700000000

www.statoil.com

Thank You23


37/274

A1 New turbine technology

Design Optimization of a 5 MW Floating Offshore Vertical Axis Wind

Turbine, Uwe Schmidt Paulsen, Technical Univ. of Denmark, DTU

Operational Control of a Floating Vertical Axis Wind Turbine,

Harald Svendsen, SINTEF Energi AS

Control for Avoiding Negative Damping on Floating Offshore Wind Turbine,

Prof Yuta Tamagawa, Uni. of Tokyo

Towards the fully ‐coupled numerical modelling of floating wind turbines,

Axelle Viré, Imperial College, London

Geometric scaling effects of bend ‐twist coupling in rotor blades,

Kevin Cox, PhD stud, NTNU

36


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Design Optimization of a 5MW FloatingVertical-Axis Wind Turbine

DeepWind’2013-10 th Deep Sea Offshore Wind R&D Conference24-25 January 2013 Trondheim, No

Uwe Schmidt Paulsen [email protected]

bHelge Aagård Madsen, Per Hørlyck NielsencJesper Henri Hattel, Ismet Baran

a,b DTU Department of Wind Energy, Frederiksborgvej399 Dk-4000 Roskilde Denmark c DTU Department of Mechanical Engineering, ProduktionstorvetBuilding 425 Dk-2800 Lyngby Denmark

DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark

DeepWindContents• DeepWind Concept• 1 st Baseline 5 MW design outline• Optimization process• Results• Conclusion

2 Design Optimization of a 5 MW Floating OffshoreVertical-Axis Wind Turbine 24/1 2013

DTU W

DeepWConte• Deep• 1 st B• Optim• Resu• Conc

3


DeepWindThe Concept

• No pitch, no yawsystem

• Light weight rotorwith pultrudedblades



DeepWindThe Concept


• Floating androtating tube as aspar buoy


• Long slender androtating underwatertube with littlefriction


DTU W

DeepWThe C

• No pitcsystem

• Floatingrotating tuspar buoy

• C.O.G. counter wbottom of

6


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DeepWindThe Concept


• Floating androtating tube as a

spar buoy• C.O.G. very low –counter weight atbottom of tube

• Safety system


• Long slender androtating underwatertube with littlefriction with littlefriction

• Torque absorptionsystem



DeepWindThe Concept


• Floating androtating tube as a

spar buoy• C.O.G. very low –counter weight atbottom of tube

• Safety system


• Long slender androtating underwatertube with littlefriction

• Torque absorptionsystem

• Mooring system


DTU W

DeepWThe Co

• The b


DeepWindThe Concept- Blades technology

• The blade geometry is constant along the blade length

• The blades can be produces in GRP

Design Optimization of a 5 MW Floating OffshoreVertical-Axis Wind Turbine 24/1 201310 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark

DeepWindThe Concept -Blades technology



• Pultrusion technology:

outlook- 11 m chord, several 100 m long blade length

11Design Optimization of a 5 MW Floating OffshoreVertical-Axis Wind Turbine 24/1 2013

DTU W

DeepWThe Co

• The b

• The b

• Pultru

• Pultruat sit

outlo


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DeepWindThe Concept- Blades technology



• Pultrusion technology:

• Pultrusion technology could be performed on a shipat site

• Blades can be produced in modules

Design Optimization of a 5 MW Floating OffshoreVertical-Axis Wind Turbine 24/1 2013

13

outlook- 11 m chord, several 100 m long blade length


DeepWind

Concept- Generator configurations• The Generator is at the bottom end of the tube; several configuration

are possible to convert the energy


DTU W

DeepW

Conce• The G

are p

• Three


DeepWind



• Three selected to be investigated first:1. Generator fixed on the torque arms, shaft rotating with the tower

1



DeepWind



• Three selected to be investigated first:1. Generator fixed on the torque arms, shaft rotating with the tower2. Generator inside the structure and rotating with the tower. Shaft

fixed to the torque arms

1 2


17 DTU W

DeepW

Conce• The G

are p

• Three1.2.

3.


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DeepWind2 nd iteration 5 MW Design Rotor


25

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5H/(2R 0)

Sref/R02demo

Sref/(sR0) demo

Sref/R0**2

(Sref/sR0)

1 st DeepWind 5 MW

2 nd DeepWind 5 MWEOLE 4 MW (1.5,25)

GeometryRotor radius (R 0 ) [m] 58.5H/(2R 0 ) [-] 1.222

Nc/R 0 ) [-] 0.15Swept Area (S ref ) [m 2 ] 12318




26

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5H/(2R 0)

Sref/R02demo

Sref/(sR0) demo

Sref/R0**2

(Sref/sR0)

1 st DeepWind 5 MW

2 nd DeepWind 5 MWEOLE 4 MW (1.5,25)

GeometryRotor radius (R 0 ) [m] 58.5 (-8%)H/(2R 0 ) [-] 1.222

Nc/R 0 ) [-] 0.15 (-33%)Swept Area (S ref ) [m 2 ] 12318(+15%)

DTU W

DeCP


0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.060.3

0.35

0.4

0.45

0.5

0.55

Ixx /t w/c 3 %

Cp

AH93W145 AH93W174

AH93W215

DU00W2401

DU91W2250

DU97W300

FX84W218

NACA0009NACA0012 NACA0015

NACA0018 NACA0020

NACA0024 NACA0025

NACA0028 NACA0030

NACA0032

NACA0034

NACA0038

NACA0040

NACA0042

NACA23015

NACA4409

NACA4412

NACA643618

StandardaerofoilsOptimisationresults

DeepWind

CP vs dimensionless flapwise Inertia(bending stiffness )

CP

0.4

0,5

0.30.02 0.04 0.060.0

I xx /t c3 c©DeepWind,TUDelft




29

• uniform blade profiles NACA00xx, constant chord

• piecewise uniform profilesNACA0025,18,21, constant chord, Case-1,Case-2

DTU W


30


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DeepWindResults uniform profiles Case-1


- Highest stiffness in NACA0025 profile leading the smallest displacement field andlinear elastic strain level

- NACA0015 has the highest weight- The tips of the rotor are fully constrained in all directions. Therefore, the maximum

elastic strain occurs close to the tips.- Apart from in the area of the tips, smaller strains, i.e. smaller than 5000 /m

strain are obtained.DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark

DeepWindResults-Constant blade chord withdifferent profile thickness Case-2

Section-1 (Bottom)

Section-2 (Middle)

Section-3 (Top)

Case-1 NACA0025 NACA0021 NACA0018 Case-2 NACA0025 NACA0018 NACA0021

- Similar strain distribution for Case-2 as compared to the one obtained for the uniformrotor having the NACA0025 profile except at the middle section. are obtained.

- It should be noted that the total weight of the sectionized rotor in Case-2 is lower thanthe uniform rotor having the NACA0025 profile which has the highest stiffness.

- Using a thicker blade profile at the top (Case-2) decreases the strain values as

compared to Case-1 in which a thicker profile is used at the middle

DTU W

DeepWResul

33


DeepWindResults case-2


34 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark

DeepWindResults case-2+ 1iteration


35 DTU W


36


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DeepWindConclusion• Demonstration of a optimized rotor design

Stall controlled wind turbine Pultruded sectionized GRF blades 2 Blades with 2/3 less weight than 1 st baseline 5MW design Less bending moments and tension during operation

Potential for less costly pultruded blades

• Use of moderate thick airfoils of laminar flow family with smaller CD 0 andgood CP

• Exploration of potential for joints• Investigation for edgewise vibrations due to deep stall behavior


37 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark

DeepWindConclusion

Thank YouQuestions?


38

Thanks to the DeepWind consortium & EU


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12/02/2013

1

Technology for a better society

10 th Deep Sea Offshore Wind R&D conferenceTrondheim, 24 – 25 Jan 2013

1

Harald G Svendsen

Karl O Merz

Operational Control of a Floating Vertical Axis Wind Turbine – start ‐up and shut ‐down


• Control system for the DeepWind turbine• Start ‐up and shut ‐down scheme

2

Overview


• Floating VAWT• Rotating spar buoy• Stall ‐regulated• No pitch, no yaw, no gearbox• Simple blade geometry, simple installation

• EU FP7‐project led by DTU ("DeepWind") – www.deepwind.eu

3

The DeepWind concept


• Objectives• Maximise energy capture• 2p variations• Limit over ‐speed and over ‐torque• Start and stop

• How?• Via generator torque

4

Control system


• Basic structure:

5

Control architecture

Rotor speed

Notchfilter

LP

LP

Electricaltorque

Lookuptable Ref.

speed

PIDElectricaltorque set ‐point

2p damping

Aerodynamic efficiencySpeed limitation


• Aerodynamics: Fourier approximation that includes 2p and 4p variations

, ,Ω cos 2 cos 4 • = turbine azimuth angle relative to the wind speed• , , , , given by look ‐up tables for wind = and rotor speed = Ω,

computed by a BEM model and includes dynamic stall effects (Merz)• Hydrodynamics and mooring system: Bottom end assumed fixed except in yaw

• Magnus lift force• torque absorption (one degree of freedom) spring–damper mooring system

• Structural mechanics: Spring–damper representations of tower twisting and tilting• Electrical system: Generator torque = controller set ‐point

6

Simulation model

44


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12/02/2013

2


• Achieved by adjusting the speed reference value• Start: 0 → target value• Stop: present value → 0

• Avoid conflict between normal/start/stop/parked operation by defining operational states

7

Turbine start ‐up and shut ‐down

Technology for a better society 8

Operational states


0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 500

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

• Torque–speed map

• High wind: Reduced reference speed (storm control)• Based on wind measurements• Limit torque• Capture more energy

9

Normal operation

0 5 10 150

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

Optimal speed

Limited speed

Rated torque

R e f . s p e e d ( r a d

/ s )

R e f . s p e e d ( r a d

/ s )

Wind speed (m/s)

Torque (MNm)

Cut ‐in

Storm control

Cut ‐out

(Use torque–speed map)


• Speed ramp ‐up profile with end ‐point determined from slow ‐filtered wind measurement

• Cross ‐fade to speed reference given by torque–speed map (normal speed control)

10

Start ‐up

Start ‐up profile

Target speed – torque mapTarget speed – wind map

Cross ‐fade

completed

time

R e f . s p e e d


• Smooth start• Critical: Transition from ramp ‐

up to steady speed• Increased integral gain for

faster response during start

11

Start ‐up: Example (high wind)

Wind threshold

Start ‐up initiated

W i n d ( m / s )

speed (pu)

torque (pu)power (pu)

G e n e r a t o r o u t p u t

Time (s)

Time (s)


• Speed ramp ‐down to zero• Extra torque needed to initiate shut ‐down• Parked state: Reference speed = 0, integral path in PI control disabled

12

Shut ‐down

Shut ‐down profile

Normal operation speed reference

completed

time

R e f . s p e e d

45


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12/02/2013

3


• Critical: Wind gust at the same time as braking is initiated

large torque

13

W i n d ( m

/ s )

Storm controlShut ‐down

S p e e d ( r a d

/ s )

G e n e r a t o r

( p u ) torque (pu)

power (pu)

Parked

Shut ‐down:

Example (high wind)


• Baseline control system for the Deepwind floating VAWT turbine has been completed• Damps 2p variations• Minimises stress on mooring system• Maximises energy capture• Safe start ‐up and shut ‐down procedures

14

Conclusions



15 Technology for a better society 16

Basic parameters – initial 5 MW design

Parameter Value

Under ‐water length 108 m

Darrieus rotor height 130 m

Darrieus rotor radius 64 m

Rated wind speed 14 m/s

Rated rotational speed 0.52 rad/s (5 rpm)

Rated torque 9 ·106 Nm

Technology for a better society 17

Control architecture

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2013/2/12

1

Control for Avoiding Negative Dampingon Floating Offshore Wind Turbine

2013/1/24Yuta Tamagawa, Tokyo univ.

Makoto Iida, Tokyo univ.Chuichi Arakawa, Tokyo univ.

Toshiki Chujo, NMRI

Introduction• Demand for renewable energy is increasing

Securing laying area for wind farmWind is consistent and strong over the sea

Establish offshore wind turbine technology – Floating Wind Turbine

• Able to use on Deep Water • Unstable foundation

2013/2/12J.M.Jonkman. (2007). Dynamics Modeling and Loads Analysis of anOffshore Floating Wind Turbine. Technical Report. NREL/TP-500-41958.November 2007

Verification test casesHywind (statoil, Norway)Small test turbine (Nagasaki Japan)

Negative damping of Floating Wind Turbine

•

Pitch ControlChange blade pitch depend on the wind speed variation. – Torque Constant Thrust Vary

• Relative wind speed vary dew to the motion of tower. – Lean to the front (back) Relative wind speed increase decrease

Thrust decrease (increase)Negative damping

2013/2/12

Thrust

Wind

Wind

ThrustWind load

Wind load Thrust

Rotor disk

Rotor diskPitch angle

Pitch angle

Torque

Torque

Purpose of research

2013/2/12

Applying conventional pitch control

Motion of float is negative damped

Reducing rated power Power decrease

Increasing fatigue load

We needs to develop new pitch controlcorresponding to floating wind turbine

Larsen, T. J., & Hanson, T. D. (2007). A method to avoid negative dampedlow frequent tower vibrations for a floating, pitch controlled wind turbine.Journal of Physics: Conference Series , 75

1)

We propose a new control method for floating turbine tosuppress the negative damping with power kept to rate.

Control method

2013/2/12

PID Blade PitchRotorSpeed

Pitch Control

PIDTower anglevelocity θ tower

Motion Control

Pitch Control

θ tower

Combining two control Mixed controlPitch Control (Make rotational speed constant)Motion Control (Suppress tower motion θ tower )

Experiment and Simulation• Set floating wind turbine model on

test tank with fan.Cooperated with NMRI : National

Maritime Research Institute)

• Software for numerical simulation FASTDeveloped by NREL (National Renewable Energy

Laboratory)Able to compute floating wind turbine

NREL 5MW

2013/2/12

Test tank and turbine model

OC3-Hywind des gnJ.M.Jonkman. (2007). Model Development and Analysis of an OffshoreWind Turbine on a Tension Leg Platform, with a Comparison to OtherFloating Turbine Concepts. Subcontract Report. NREL/SR-500-45891.February 2010

Tenson eg platform

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2013/2/12

2

Turbine and condition

Wind turbine Blade Length 600mmNumber 3Ro tor di ame ter 1 30 0mm

Nacelle Weight 1150gTower Hub height 900mm

Float Float Diameter 160mmDraft 1270mmDisplacedvolume of water

23kg

Mooring line Number 6

2013/2/12

830

5deg. Nacelle

Tower

Blade

Hub

1220

φ160 t7

Wind speed [m/s] 3.9

Wave (regular) Height [cm] 4.22 6.3 8 8.7

Period [s] 3.0 2.5 1.8 1.4

Validation of simulation

• Aero dynamic force of blade and float response to thewave are generally consistent

2013/2/12

0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1

1,2

1,4

0 2 4 6 8

C t

Tip speed ratio

E xp F AS T

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0,5 1 1,5 2

T o w e r P i t c h a m p l i t u d e

Wave eriod [s]

FASTExp FAST

Tower amplitude of floating test turbine with wave and nowind.

Tower amplitude is non-dimensionalizedby wave height andwave number )

Thrust coefficient of test turbine in onshore.

Blade load (Thrust) Float response to the wave

Change blade pitch on wind speed 3.9 m/s )

Negative damping on experiment(Wind speed:3.9m/s, Wave period:2.5s, Wave height:6cm)

• Tower pitch amplitude : increase rotor speed vibration : decrease• Negative damping has occurred on experiment

2013/2/12

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

0 5 10 15 20

T o w e r p i t c h a n g l e [ d e g ]

Time[s]

250

270

290

310

330

350

370

390

0 5 10 15 20

R o t o r s p e e d [ r p m ]

Time[s]

Tower pitch angle of test turbine on experiment Rotor speed of test turbine on experiment

Negative damping on simulation(Wind speed:3.9m/s, Wave period:2.5s, Wave height:6cm)

• Tower motion and rotor speed vibration are smallerthan experiment.

• Trends of parameter are matched with experiment.

2013/2/12

10

12

14

16

18

20

100 105 110 115 120

T o w e r p i t c h a n g l e [ d e g ]

Time[s]

Pitch C on tro le d No Control

300

305

310

315

320

325

330

335

340

345

350

100 105 110 115 120

R o t o r s p e e d [ r p m ]

Time[s]

Pitch C on tr ol ed N o Control

Tower pitch angle of test turbine on simulation Rotor speed of test turbine on simulation

Mixed control on simulation(Wind speed:3.9m/s, Wave period:2.5s, Wave height:6cm)

• Kp: Control parameterof motion controller onmixed control.

• Basis of rate on rightside is parameter onconventional control.(when K p=0)

2013/2/12

Controlparameter

Kp

Θ tower Amplitude(deg)

Rotor speed average(rpm)

0 5.51 (100%) 336 (100%)0.0001 5.38 (97.6%) 336 (99.97%)

0.001 5.24 (95.1%) 335 (99.7%)

0.01 3.70 (67.2%) 326 (97.1%)

0.1 5.01 (91.0%) 239 (71.3%)

1 5.32 (96.6%) 74.7 (22.2%)

As K p=0.01, Tower motion is much suppressedthough rotor speed is not so much changed.

Mixed control can suppress the negativedamping with little affect to the rotor speed.

Conclusion• On simulation aero dynamic force of blade and float response to

the wave are generally match to experiment.• We confirmed that tower motion is amplified by onshore pitch

control on experiment and simulation.• We proposed the new control, mixed control, and shows that

mixed control can reduce the tower motion with maintaining rotorspeed.

• Improving simulation model, we will apply this control to practicalturbine, verification test turbine or full scale turbine and investigatethe applicability and effectiveness of this control in actual seas.

2013/2/12

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Towards the fully-coupled numericalmodelling of oating wind turbines

Axelle Vir é, J Xiang, M Piggott, C Cotter, J Latham, C Pain

[email protected] Modelling and Computation Group (AMCG)

Department of Earth Science and Engineering

10th Deep Sea Offshore Wind R&D Conference – 24 January 2013

Dr Axelle Vir éTowards the fully-coupled numerical modelling of oating wind turbines

MotivationScope of a 2-year Marie Curie Intra-European Fellowship

Couple two nite-element models for modelling uid-structure interactions Apply them to the various components of a oating wind turbine


Outline

1. Modelling uid-solid interations for oating solids

2. Parameterisation of wind turbines

- Actuator-disk modelling- Results for a xed turbine

3. Tracking of an interface between two uids

- Conservative advection method- Results for a oating pile

4. Future work


1. Modelling uid-solid interationsCoupling between two unstructured nite-element models

Mesh adaptivity tore ne the solidconcentration eld

A.Viré,Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology (2012)


1. Modelling uid-solid interationsCoupling between two unstructured nite-element models

ACTION=

REACTION

The uid and solid models use different spatial and temporal discretisations

Mesh adaptivity tore ne the solid

concentration

eld

A.Viré,Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology (2012)


1. Modelling uid-solid interationsFluid-dynamics model: Fluidity-ICOM

Solid-dynamics model: Y3D-Femdem

The equations are solved for a monolithic velocity: ū = α f ū f + α s ū s

∇̄ · ū = 0

An additional force accounts for the presence of the solids:

β = fctρf ∆ t

, ν L 2

DDt

(ρs ū s ) = ∇̄ · ¯̄τ s + F̄ s

F̄ f = β (α s ū s − α s ū) = F̄ 2 − F̄ 1

ρf ∂ ̄u∂t

+ ρf ū · ∇̄ ū = − ∇̄ p + ∇̄ · ¯̄τ + F̄ f

F̄ s = F̄ 1 − F̄ 2

Conservation V

F f dV = − V s

F s dV s

(ρf = constant)


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1. Modelling uid-solid interationsFluidity-ICOM

Solid meshSolid meshFluid mesh

in

Sub-timestep i = 0

Compute F n = F n1 − βu n+ i

s

outCompute F n1 = βα

n

s un

1 F 1

o ve or u s= + 1

o ve or un = n +

Time-averaged solid velocity ¯ u s2

Y3D - Femdem

Compute F = − F 1 + F 2

Viré et al. , Ocean Dynamics, Vol. 62 (2012)

Time step n : (u, α s )n Time step n : (x s , u s )n


1. Modelling uid-solid interations

.

1

0 0.5 1

.

− .

Solid element s

Fluid element

Galerkin projectionfrom solid to uid mesh

V s

F s2 dV s = V

F f 2 dV

F s2

F f 2




in

u -timestep i =

Compute F n = F n1 − βu n + is

outCompute F n1 = βα

n

s un F n1 1

o ve or u s= + 1

o ve or un = n + 1

ime-average so i ve ocity ¯ u s

Y3D - Femdem


F n2Compute F = − F 1 + F 2

Minimally-diffusiveGalerkin projection

Time step n : (u, α s )n Time step n : (x s , u s )

n


1. Modelling uid-solid interations

.

1

.5 1

.

− 0.25

Solid element s

Fluid element

. 1

Solid element s

Fluid element

0.5

1

0

Galerkin projectionfrom solid to uid mesh

Galerkin projectionfrom uid to solid mesh

.

1

V s

F s2 dV s = V

F f 2 dV

F s2

F f 2

F f 1

F s

1

V ∩ V s

F f 1 dV ∩ = V s

F s1 dV s




in

u -timestep i =

Compute F n = F n1 − βu n + is

outF 1

o ve or u s= + 1

o ve or un = n + 1

ime-averaged solid velocity ¯ u s2

Y3D - Femdem

Compute F = − F 1 + F 2

Minimally-diffusiveGalerkin projection

Supermesh

n

1 = βαn

s un

Fluid mesh

Solid mesh

Portion of a supermesh


Time step n : (u, α s )n Time step n : (x s , u s )n


2. Parameterisation of wind turbines

The turbine is parameterised through an actuator-disk model

The thrust force is spread uniformly across a thin disk

u 0 u1A1A0T

uhub Ahub

(Conway, J Fluid Mech, 1995)

The disk is meshed separately from the uid domain

The uid mesh is adapted dynamically in time

The reference velocity is computed from and

T = 12

ρu 20 Ahub C T

a = 1 − u hub

u 0=

12

1 − 1 − C T u 0 C T uhub


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2. Parameterisation of wind turbinesUniform ow past a 3D turbine of constant thrust coefcient and Re D = 1000

The size of the uid domain is 25 D × 10 D × 10 D

The disk thickness is 2 % of the disk diameter D

The uid mesh adapts to the curvatures of the velocity and pressure elds

Reference: Potential ow past an actuator disk with constant loading(J. Conway, J. Fluid Mech. 297, 327–355, 1995)

C T = 0 .2

C T = 0 .

samlerapport deepwind 2013

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