saqartvelos mwvaneta mozraoba (dedamiwis megobrebi ...20)_geo.pdf · ca arsebobs sayoveltao...

saqarTvelos mwvaneTa moZraoba(dedamiwis megobrebi - saqarTvelo)

garemo da sazogadoebag aremo da sazogadoe bas a q a r T v e l o s m w v a n e T a m o Z r a o b i s p e r i o d u l i g a m o c e m a , # 2 ( 2 0 ) 2 0 1 2 w e l i

Jurnali gamoica SvedeTis saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagentosfinansuri uzrunvelyofiT proeqtis `davasufTaoT saqarTvelo -

sazogadoebis cnobierebis amaRleba da misi CarTva myari sayofacxovrebo narCenebis marTvis gaumjobesebis procesSi~ farglebSi.

2 www.ecovision.ge www.cleanup.ge www.greens.ge

g a r e m o d a s a z o g a d o e b a

Sesavali

aTaswleulis mijnaze, msoflioSi warmoqmnilma globalurma, ekonom-kurma da ekologiurma krizisebma dRis wesrigSi daayena, arsebuli ekonomi-kuri koncefciebis da garemosTan damokidebulebis cvlilebis aucileblo-ba. arsebulma e.w. „yavisferi ekonomikis” midgomebma, sadac mTavari aqcen-tebi gadatanilia ekonomikur zrdaze da ugulebelyofilia socialuri da garemosdacviTi saWiroebebi, ver uzrunvelyo ekonomikuri krizisebis Tavi-dan acileba, siRaribis daZleva da garemosdacviTi riskebis Semcireba. Tum-ca arsebobs sayovelTao SeTanxmeba, rogorc erovnul, aseve saerTaSorio doneze, mdgradi ganiTarebis meqnizmebis dasanergad, romlis mixedviTc au-cilebelia daiZlios disbalansi adamianis keTildReobis ganmsazRvrel sam ZiriTad sayrdens Soris, rogoric aris ekonomikuri sargebeli, adamianis Rireseuli Sromisa da cxovrebis pirobebi,bunebrivi da saarsebo garemo-sTan harmoniuli Tanaarseboba.

aRniSnuli gamowvevis sapirwoned SemuSavda ganviTarebis axali ekono-mikuri koncefcia da xedva e.w. „mwvane ekonomika“, „romelic SeZlebs bune-brivi da finansuri kapitalis bevrad ufro efeqturad da efeqtianad mi-marTvas prognozirebad momavalSi“1.

ganviTarebis „mwvane“ strategia, mimarTulia ekonomikuri da ekologiu-ri politikis urTierTSemavsebel aspeqtebze. kerZod, „mwvane“ ekonomikis koncefciis mTavari amocanaa: a) ekonomikur saqmianobaSi srulad iyos asa-xuli bunebrivi da socialuri kapitalis Rirebuleba, rogorc mniSvnelo-vani faqtori, ganisazRvros misi roli warmoebis zrdasa da adamianis ke -TildReobis amaRlebaSi“2. b) Semcirdes garemoze zemoqmedeba, efeqturi ekonomikuri meTodebis amoqmedebiT.

narCenebis marTvis seqtoris `gamwvaneba~

narCenebis marTvis seqtoris gamwva-neba gulisxmobs, narCenebis marTvaSi mwvane ekonomikis principebisa da mid-gomebis danergvas, kerZod:1) narCenebis warmoqmnis Tavidan acile-

bas - mdgrad ganviTarebaze dafuZne-buli sazogadoebrivi praqtikis meS-veobiT;

2) narCenebis warmoqmnis minimizacias; 3) narCenebis meoradi gadamuSavebiT da

reciklirebiT gamosayeneblad var-gisi produqciis warmoebas;

4) narCenebisgan meoradi nedleulis da energiis miRebas.

5) nebismieri gamousadegari narCenis gadamuSavebas da ganTavsebas, gare-mos damzogavi an nakleb damazianebe-li meTodiT;3“

saqarTveloSi, narCenebis ganTavse-bisa da gadamuSavebis arsebuli mid-gomebi da praqtika, ZiraTad eyrdnoba narCenebis gadamuSavebis „milis-bolo-Si“ princips da iyenebs narCenebis mo-cilebis iseT aramizanSewonil meTo-debs, rogoricaa narCenebis dawva (e n-ergiis miRebis gareSe) da nagavsayrel-ze gatana. seqtoris „gamwvanebisaTvis„ aucilebelia myari narCenebis inte-grirebuli marTvis sistemaze gadasv-la, romelic efuZneba narCenebis marT-vis ierarqias, rac gulisxmobs, narCe-nebis marTvas kompleqsurad, misi war-moqmnisa da moZraobis yvela safexur-ze. narCenebis marTvis seqtoris „gamwvanebaSi“, erT-erTi mniSvnelovani komponentia narCenebis reciklireba

1 Global Green New Deal”. Policy brief. United Nations Environment Programme. March 2009.2 OECD, Green growth strategy 3 UNEP, 2011, Towards a Green Economy: Pathways to Sustainable Development and Poverty Eradicatio,The goals and indicators for

greening the waste sector.

www.ecovision.ge www.cleanup.ge www.greens.ge


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(xelaxali gamoyeneba, gadamuSaveba) da misi meoradi nedleulis an produqtis saxiT, xelaxali CarTva ekonomikur ciklSi. „mwvane ekonomikis“ principebis realizeba da misi efeqturoba yvelaze TvalsaCinod vlindeba narCenebis (xe-laxali gamoyenebis, gadamuSavebis) re-ciklirebisas. kerZod, Cndeba axali

sivrce ekonomikuri saqmianobisaTvis, izrdeba dasaqmebulTa ricxvi da ada-mianis keTildReoba, mcirdeba garemo-ze zemoqmedeba. reciklirebis danerg-visa da ganviTarebis done mniSvnelo-vnad gansazRvravs ekonomikis „simwva-nis“ xarixs.

narCenebis marTva, instituciuri mowyoba da regulirebis meqanizmebi

gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis evropis ekonomikuri komisiis mier ga-moqvey nebuli „saqarTvelos garemos mdgomareobis meore mimoxilva“4 da saqarTveloSi narCenebis marTvis sfe-roSi Catarebuli sxvadasxa kvlevebi5 adastureben, rom qveyanaSi narCenebis marTvis seqtori jer kidev formire-bis stadiaSia da saWiroebs marTvis me-Todebis radikalur cvlilebebsa da mniSvnelovan teqnikur da finansur mxardaWeras seqtoris „gamwvanebis“ mi-marTulebiT.

qveyanaSi am drosTvis ar aris Semu-Savebuli narCenebis marTvis erovnuli strategia da samoqmedo gegma. narCe-nebTan dakavSirebuli kanonmdebloba fragmentulia da mxolod calkeul aspeqts moicavs. saqarTvelos kanonm-deblobisaTvis ucxoa „narCenebis marT-vis ierarqia“, narCenebis prevenciis da-kavSireba resursebis dazogvasTan da narCenebis resursad ganxilvasTan. ar arsebobs mwarmoeblis pasuxismgeblo-ba narCenebis mimarT an wamaxalisebeli meqanizmebi resursebis dazogvisa da naklebi narCenis warmoqmnisaTvis.

dResaTvis, sayofacxovrebo narCene-bis marTva xorcieldeba adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobebis mier dadgenili wesebiT. rac gulisxmobs narCenebis Se-grovebas da nagavsayrelze ganTavsebas. ar arsebobs moTxovnebi narCenebis gan-calkevebulad (separacia) Segrovebi-saTvis. marTlia, msxvili samrewvelo obieqtebis mier narCenebis generacia da marTva garemoze zemoqmedebis ne-

barTvis farglebSi regulirdeba, magram kanonmdeblobaSi araferia naT-qvami narCenebis minimizaciaze, axali unarCeno teqnologiebis danergvaze da sxva „waxalisebis“ meqnizmebze narCene-bis gadamuSavebasTan dakavSirebiT, rac mkafiodaa gansazRvruli evrokavSiris Sesabamis direqtivebSi.

aqdan gamomdinare, saqarTveloSi garemoze zemoqmedebis nebarTvis pro-cesi (moqmedi kanonmdeblobis Sesaba-misad), gulisxmobs mxolod imis uz-runvelyofas, rom narCenebi grovde-bodes da xdebodes misi ganTavseba „na-gavsayrelebze“, rac praqtikulad formalurs xdis garemoze zemoq-medebis nebarTvas da ar uwyobs xels am seqtoris „gamwvanebas“.

SezRuduli resursebis gamo, pro-blemuria narCenebis warmomqmneli subieqtebis inspeqtireba. saerTod ar xdeba im samrewvelo obieqtebis mier narCenebis warmoqmnis da marTvis kon-troli, romlebic ar eqvemdebarebian garemoze zemoqmedebis nebarTvas. pro-blemuria narCenebis marTvis dagegmva. saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT ar moiT-xoveba narCenebis marTvis gegmebis war-modgena. ar aris dadgenili narCenebis warmomqmnelis, Semgroveblis an gadamtanebis mxridan narCenebis, maTi wyaroebis, transportirebis saSuale-bis, gauvneblebis wesis da sxva, Sesaxeb aRricxvis warmoeba. ar warmoebs nar-Cenebis moZraobis Sesaxeb saxlmwifo statistika. qveyanaSi ar arsebobs sa-nitaruli nagavsayrelebi, sadac mox-

4 UNECE, Environmental Performance Reviews, Second Review5 Green Business Support Strategy For Georgian Private Business Organizations And Employers’ Associations, by Zaal Lomtadze, Nato

Kirvalidze6 Environmental Performance Reviews, (Second Review) Chapter 7.6.



myari municipaluri narCenebi

saqarTveloSi warmoqmnili myari municipaluri narCenebis raodenobis Sesaxeb ar arsebobs raime detaluri da sando informacia. narCenebis se-qtoris sxvadasxva kvlevebSi da angari-SebSi (GEO-qalaqi Tbilisi (2011), Environ-mental Performance Reviews (Second Review)) gvx-vdeba genereribuli municipaluri narCenebis gansxvavebuli Sefasebebi. „Environmental Performance Reviews“- s mixed-viT es aris 2,4 milioni m3 weliwadSi, saidanac mTliani moculobis 46% mo-dis q. Tbilisze. „GEO-qalaqi Tbilisi“ (2011) mixedviT, 350 000 tona myari mu-nicipaluri narCenis generireba xdeba q. TbilisSi, rac Seadgens qveyanaSi warmoqmnili myari municipaluri nar-Cenis 45%. Sesabamisad, saqarTveloSi

gvaqvs 778 000 tona myari municipalu-ri narCeni weliwadSi. aqedan, 70-80% Seadgens mosaxleobidan warmoqmnil sayofacxovrebo narCens, xolo 20-30% warmoqmnilia sxva wyaroebidan (rogo-ricaa: ofisebi, maRaziebi, supermarke-tebi da savaWro centrebi, bazrebi, ad-ministraciuli Senobebi, skolebi, re-stornebi, sastumroebi da turistuli dawesebulebebi, quCebsa da baRebSi Se-grovili narCeni da sxv.).

narCenebis moZraobis Sesaxeb in-formaciis simwire, arTulebs narCene-bis moculobis zrdis dinamikis dadge-nas. Tumca sxvadasxva ekonomikuri Se-fasebiT, navaraudebia qveyanaSi munici-paluri narCenebis zrda weliwadSi 2,25%-iT.7

7 GEO-qalaqi Tbilisi (2011).

municipaluri narCenebis struqtura

municipaluri narCenebis struqturis Sesaxeb garkveul informacias gvaZlevs, gerhard blumenroTeris (Blumenrother, Ger-hard), „TbilisSi warmoqmnili nar-Cenebis analizi“ (2003 weli) da samecniero-kvleviTi firma „gama“ -s mier „q. Tbilisis myari sayo-facxovrebo narCenebis poligo-nis mSeneblobis da eqspluataci-is teqnikur-ekonomikuri dasa-buTebis proeqtis“ (2010 weli) farglebSi Catarebuli narCene-bis struqturis kvlevebi.

kvleva gviCvenebs, rom muni-cipaluri narCenebis struqtura 2003-2010 wlebSi, praqtikulad ar Secvlila, Tu ar CavTvliT orga-

deba daxarisxeba da/an narCenebisgan energiis miReba. ar warmoebs recikli-reba, xolo kompostireba warmoebs zogierT fermaSi, sakuTari moTxovni-lebis dasakmayofileblad.

`narCenebis marTva moiTxovs gadawy-vetilebis mimRebi pirebisagan saswra-fo zomebis miRebas. am sferoSi, 2003 wlidan TiTqmis aranairi gaumjobeseba

ar momxdara. arsebuli mdgomareoba dramatulia. ar arsebobs erTiani po-litika an samoqmedo gegma. arsebuli sakanonmdeblo baza arasrulyofilia. problemeuria instituciuri struq-turebis saqmianoba, personalisa da saxsrebis ukmarisobis gamo. kvlav gr-Zeldeba narCenebis arasaTanadod gan-Tavseba.“6



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nuli narCenisa da narCeni fraqciis cv-lilebebs, rac SesaZloa iyos kvlevis meTodologiuri gansxvaveba da ara raime konkretuli cvlileba. Tumca, is rom narCenebis struqturaSi arcerT SemTxvevaSi ar moxda mina, iZleva arae-rTmniSvnelovani interpretaciis saSu-alebas. kerZod, mina Seyvanilia narCen fraqciaSi, an municipalur narCenSi mina gvxvdeba umniSvnelo raodenobiT rac TavisTavad niSnavs, rom xdeba minis taris masiuri Segroveba e.w. „Semgrove-

blebis“ mier. sxva qvey nebis narCenebis struqturis SedarebiTi analizi, gvaZ-levs garkveul warmodgenas saqarTve-loSi mosaxleobis cxovrebis doneze. saqarTvelos narCenebis struqtura ms-gavsia dabali Semosavlebis mqone qve-y nebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli narCenebis struqturisa, rac gamoixateba orga-nuli narCenis maRali SemadgenlobiT da qaRaldis da plastikis SedarebiT dabali maCvenebeliT.

wyaro: UNEP, 2011, Towards a Green Economy blumenroTeri gerhardi (Blumenrother,Gerhard, 2003w „TbilisSi warmoqmnili narCenebis analizi“

narCenebis bazari

narCenebis bazris Camoyalibebas da zrdas gansazRvravs oTxi ZiriTadi faqtori:

1) narCenebis saerTo moculobis zrda da warmoqmnili narCenebis mravalferovneba;

2) politikuri gacnobiereba imisa, rom ekologiuri da janmrTelobis riskebis Tavidan asacileblad sa-Wiroa narCenebis ukeTesad marTva;

3) urbanizacia, mzardi ekonomikis pirobebSi, romelsac Tan sdevs

gazrdili interesi ukeTesi sacxo-vrebeli garemos Seqmnis da Sesaba-misad narCenebis ukeTesad marTvis;

4) narCenidan miRebuli meoradi ned-leulis formaluri da arafor-maluri vaWroba;

Tumca, narCenebis seqtoris „gamwva-nebisaTvis“ gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs momxmarebelTa damokidebulebis Secvlas reciklirebuli produqtebis-admi. mniSvnelovania, sazogadoebis ga-



remosdacviTi cnobierebis amaRleba, raTa ufro met adamianSi gaCndes ndo-ba da moTxovna reciklirebuli produ-qtebis mimarT.

Cvens mier, narCenebis reciklirebis sawarmoebis kvlevam gviCvena, rom sa-warmoebi xSirad cdiloben damalon, rom produqcia damzadebulia meoradi nedleuliT, raTa ar daafrTxon momx-marebeli. momxmarebelTa umravlesoba ar aris darwmunebuli meoradi nedl-euliT miRebuli produqtis usafrTxo-ebaSi. es problema damxasiaTebelia zogadad meoradi resusrsebis bazrebi-saTvis da saWiroebs „narCensa“ da „aran-arCen“ - produqts Soris gansxvavebis zusti definiciebis da sazRvrebis gav-lebas. narCenis unari iyos xelmeored gamoyenebuli da CarTuli aRdgenis procesSi da riskebi, romelic SeiZle-ba gaCndes garemosa da adamianis janm-rTelobasTan mimarTebaSi, moiTxovs kva-lificirebuli kriteriumebs „narCenis statusis“ dakargvasTan dakavSirebiT da unda moxdes misi gansazRvra, rogorc meoradi gadamuSavebisaTvis vargisi re-sursis. es niSnavs, zustad ganisazR-vros Tu sad gadis zRvari „narCensa“ da „aranarCens“ Soris, rac iZens gansa-kuTrebul mniSvelobas, narCenebis baz-arze moqmedi ekonomikuri moTamaSeebi-saTvis. es exeba masalebs, romlebic Se-saZlebelia aRdges, gadamuSavdes an me-oradad iqnes gamoyenebuli da Sesaba-misad terminebs, „aRdgena“, „meoradi gamoyeneba“ da „reciklireba“.

saqarTvelos narCenebis marTvis po-litikaSi narCenebis marTvis „mwvane“ midgomebis ugulebelyofa, mniSvnelo-van gavlenas axdens narCenebis bazris formirebaze.

kerZod, municipaluri samsaxure-bis mier Segrovebuli myari munici-paluri narCenebis 100%, yovelgvari gadamuSavebis gareSe, ganTavsdeba nagav-sayrelebze. Sesabamisad xdeba narCenis amogdeba ekonomikuri jaWvidan da nar-Cenis, rogorc meoradi nedleulis an produqtis bazridan gayvana. amdenad, gvaqvs situacia, roca narCenebis baz-ris 100% araformaluria. amgvari ara-gonivruli politikis wyalobiT:

1) zaraldeba mosaxleoba, radgan mu-nicipaluri narCenebis „movlis“ mTeli tvirTi gadadis mosaxleobaze „nagvis“ gadasaxadis saxiT. kerZod, Tbilisis mosaxleobas tona munici-paluri narCenis movla ujdeba 148 lari/weliwadSi da es tvirTi izrde-ba narCenebis moculobis da mraval-ferovnebis zrdis paralelurad.

2) ver xerxdeba efeqturi ekonomikur meqanizmebis amoqmdeba narCenebis Se-samcireblad, aseTi midgoma moiT-xovs sul ufro didi nagavsayrele-bis Seqmnas, rac Sesabamisad, ver uz-runvelyofs narCenebis marTvis Zi-riTadi amocanis Sesrulebas: gamo-ricxos narCenebis warmoqmniT gamowveuli ekologiuri da janmr-Telobis riskebi.

saxelmwifo politika, narCens ga-nixilavs rogorc ekonomikuri saqmi-anobis Tanmdev negatiur tvirTs, ro-melic rac SeiZleba usafrTxod unda iqnes mocilebuli, da ara rogorc re-surs, romelic unda CaerTos ganaxle-buli saxiT ekonomikur jaWvSi, rogorc meoradi nedleuli an produqti.

narCenebis marTvis mTavar amocanad rCeba warmoqmnili narCenis usafrTxo gatana da ganTavseba. ugulebelyofi-lia, narCenebis warmoqmnis Semcireba da nagavsayrelze gansaTavsebeli narCe-nis minimizacia sufTa teqnologiebis stimulirebis, mdgradi ganviTarebis praqtikis danrgvisa da meoradi gada-muSavebis xelSemwyobi sabazro meqaniz-mebis amoqmedebis gziT. Sesabamisad, saqarTveloSi danergili da ganxor-cielebuli praqtika ver akmayofilebs Tanamedrove gamowvevebs da saWiroebs radikalur cvlilebas narCenebis marT-vis `gamwvanebis” mimarTulebiT.

narCenebis struqturidan gamomdi-nare, myari municipaluri narCenis ra-odenoba, romelic SeiZleba daeqvemde-baros reciklirebas da kompostirebas, Seadgens nagavsayrelze ganTavsebuli narCenebis mTliani moculobis 89%, rac kidev ufro TvalsaCinos xdis nar-Cenebis marTvis arsebuli praqtikis aragonivrulobas.



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nagavsayrelebze ganTavsebuli myari municipaluri narCeni

wyaro: gerhard blumenroTeri (Blumenrother, Gerhard), 2003w „TbilisSi warmoqmnili narCene-bis analizi“

saqarTveloSi, dRemde ar Catarebu-la narCenebis bazris siRrmiseuli kv-leva. sxvadasxva angariSebSi gvxvdeba miniSnebebi, rom arsebobs mcire sawar-moebi, romlebic axdenen plastikisa da petis reciklirebas da mcire rao-denobiT meoradi nedliulis warmoe-bas, aseve qaRaldis mcire kustaruli sawarmoebi, romlebic awarmoeben tu-aletis qaRalds. am seqtoris ganvi-Tarebis mTavari problemaa gadamuSave-bis maRali Rirebuleba da narCenebis moculobis simcire (qalaqebi Tbili-si: saqarTvelos dedaqalaqis mdgoma-reobis da tendenciebis integrirebu-li garemosdacviTi Sefaseba 2011).

miuxedavad arsebuli skeptikuri Se-fasebebisa, bolo 4-5 wlis periodSi, saqarTvelSi mimdinareobs narCenebis bazris aqtiuri formirebisa da Camo-yalibebis procesi. narCenebis bazarze xvdeba is myari municipaluri narCeni, romelic Semgroveblebis mier iqna mo-krebili da dasawyobebuli narCenebis

dagrovebis an warmoqmnis sxvadasxva wyaroebidan. miuxedavad bazris ara-formalurobisa, moqmedebs Semgrove-belTa organizebuli qseli, romelic reagirebs narCenebis bazris moTxov-nebze. narCenebze moTxovnas ganapiro-bebs, rogorc adgilobrivi recikli-rebis sawarmoebi, aseve mezobeli qve-y nebis narCenebis bazrebi. saqarTvelo-Si narCenebis bazris moculoba SeiZle-ba SevafasoT wlis ganmavlobaSi ganxorcielebuli narCenis eqsportisa da qvey nis SigniT reciklirebuli nar-Cenis Sejamebis meSveobiT.

saqarTvelodan sxvadasxva saxis nar-Cenis eqsportis dinamika gviCve nebs, rom narCenebis bazari dinamiuria da sakmaod moculobiTi. misi eqsportis moculoba Sesadaria sxva ekonomikuri seqtorebis produqciis eqsportis mo-culobasTan. bolo xuTi wlis ganmav-lobaSi narCenebis eqsportis moculo-bis wili mTlian eqsportSi meryeobs 8-12% farglebSi.

wyaro: saqarTvelos statisrikis erovnuli samsaxuri.



saqarTveloSi, narCenebis bazris formireba daiwyo 1990-iani wlebidan. sawyis etapze, narCenebis seqtori da-kavebuli iyo Savi da feradi liTone-bis jarTis SegrovebiT da eqsportiT. ar xdeboda narCenebis reciklireba da meorad nedleulad gamoyeneba. formi-rebis sawyis etapze, narCenebis bazari iyo qaosuri da araorganizebuli, sa-dac legalur operaciebs sWarbobda aralegaluri da xSirad kriminaluri saqmianoba. Tumca, aRsaniSnavia is faq-tic, rom swored narCenebis seqtori gaxda, qvey nis ekonomikuri kolafsiT gamowveuli humanitaruli katastro-fis piras mdgari mosaxleobis saarse-bo saxsris Sovnis xSirad erTaderTi saSualeba da dasaqmebis wyaro. Savi da feridi liTonebis jarTi, meoradi ned-leuli da misgan warmoebuli produq-cia, dResac saqarTvelos dominanti sa-eqsporto saqonelia. bolo aTi wlis

periodSi moxda feradi da Savi liTne-bis narCenebis marTvis seqtoris for-mireba da Camoyalibeba, romelic amJa-mad kargad gamarTuli da organizebu-lia. saqarTveloSi moqmedebs jarTis SemgrovebelTa farTo qseli. liTonis narCenebze fasebi reagirebs saerTaSo-riso meoradi liTonis bazris moTxov-nebze. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom liTonis narCenebis seqtori kargad integrire-bulia msoflio ekonomikur jaWvSi.

2003-2004 wlidan, qveyanaSi ekonomi-kuri aqtivobis zrdasTan erTad moq-medeba daiwyo narCenebis reciklirebis sawarmoebma. narCenebis bazarze gamo-Cenda as iseTi produqtebi, rogoricaa mina, qaRaldi, muyao, plstmasi. sawyis etapze, bazari orientirebuli iyo ad-gilobrivi reciklirebis sawarmoebis moTxovnebze. produqtze arastabilu-ri da mcire moTxovnilebis gamo, baza-ri atarebda araorganizebul saxes.

wyaro: saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri.



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2007-2008 wlebidan, narCenebis baz-ris es seqtoric axerxebs integrire-bas saerTaSoriso narCenebis bazrebTan, ramac xeli Seuwyo bazris moculobis swraf zrdas da misi Camoyalibebis process. bazarze meorad resursze moTxovnis zrdis paralelurad izrde-ba narCenis fasebic. miuxedavad narCe-nebis seqtoris (mina, qaRaldi, muyao, plstmasi) dinamiuri zrdisa, bazari jer-jerobiT Camoyalibebis stadiaSia. narCenebis bazris formalizeba SesaZ-lebels gaxdis narCenebis seqtoris mniSvnelovan zrdas da met integrire-bas narCenebis globalur vaWrobaSi.

narCenebis reciklirebis seqtori

narCenebis reciklirebas mniSvnelo-vani wvlili Seaqvs erTdroulad ram-denime garemosdacviTi problemis daZ-levis saqmeSi (rogoric aris, klimatis cvlilebis zemoqmedebis Serbileba an dabinZurebis prevencia). reciklireba is erT-erTi mniSvnelovani mimarTule-baa axali ekonomikuri bazrebisa da sa-muSao adgilebis Seqmnis TvalsazrisiT. narCenebis Segrovebisa da reciklire-bis seqtorSi dasaqmebulia an TviTda-saqmebulia mosaxleobis yvelaze Rari-bi fena da dabalkvalificiuri muSaxe-li, rasac gansakuTrebuli wvlili Seaqvs siRaribis daZlevis da cxovrebis xarisxis gaumjobesebis saqmeSi.

miuxedavad imisa, rom ekonomikuri saqmianobis statistikur klasifika-torSi (NACE), romelsac eyrdnoba sa-xelmwifo statistikis samewarmeo ree-stri, reciklireba calke Tavad aris mocemuli, arsebuli ekonomikuri po-

litika reciklirebas ar ganixilavs rogorc gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobis ekonomikur aqtivobas. reciklireba ganixileba, rogorc Cveulebrivi, mo-gebaze orientirebuli biznes saqmi-anoba da ar aris Sefasebuli am seqto-ris ekologiuri da socialuri sarge-beli. Sesabamisad, ar xdeba recikli-rebis niSniT sawarmoTa identifikacia da zusti reestris warmoeba.

saqarTveloSi dRemde ar Catarebula reciklirebis seqtoris arc statisti-kuri arc analtikuri kvleva. Sesaba-misad, raime sistematizirebuli in-formacia am seqtoris Sesaxeb ar moi-poveba. „davasufTaoT saqarTvelo“ pro-eqtis farglebSi, moxerxda reciklire-bis seqtorSi moqmedi sawarmoebis saqmianobis kvleva, aseve narCenebis baz-ris SefasebiTi analizi. kvlevam saSu-aleba mogvca, metnaklebad Segvevso se-qtoris Sesaxeb informaciis simwire.

saqarTveloSi, myari municipaluri narCenebis reciklirebis seqtori ZiriTadad war-modgenilia Savi liTonis reciklirebiT, romelsac ukavia seqtoris 95,4%. mi-nis reciklirebas 4%, xolo sxva narCenebs erTad (feradi liToni, plasmasi, qaRaldi, mu-yao) mTeli seqtoris mxo-lod 0,6%.

wyaro: reciklirebis sawarmoebis kvleva.



reciklirebis seqtori saWiroebs mniSvnelovan cvlilebebs misi forma-lizebisa da gamwvanebis mimarTulebiT. narCenebis saxeebis da warmoqmnis wya-roebis mravalferovnebidan gamomdi-nare, saWiroa narCenebis detaluri klasificireba da Sesabamisad maTgan warmoebuli meoradi nedleulis an produqtis standartebis dadgenas. amave dros, sxvadasxva saxeobis da ti-

pis narCenis Segroveba da gadamuSaveba moiTxovs gansxvavebuli midgomebisa da strategiebis SemuSavebas. reciklire-bis ganviTarebisaTvis, sasicocxlod mniSvnelovania narCenbis bazrebis formalizeba da struqturireba. Tavi-sufali vaWrobisa da Tavisufali kon-kurenciis garemos Seqmna. inovaciebisa da Tanamedrove teqnologiebis xelmi-sawvdomoba.

myari municipaluri narCenis reciklirebis (gadamuSavebis) struqtura

wyaro: reciklirebis sawarmoebis kvleva; Eurostat, Newsrelease,37/2011;Environment in the EU27 Recycling accounted for a quarter of total municipal waste treated in 2009.

saqarTveloSi municipaluri narCe-nis gadamuSavebis struqturis Sedare-ba saSualo evropul maCvemeblebTan, gviCve nebs narCenebis seqtoris „simwva-nis“ uaRresad dabal maCve nebelze. ar warmoebs narCenebis insiniracia (daw-va) da kompostireba. xolo Tu gaviTva-liswinebT, rom reciklirebuli narCe-nis moculobis 95,4% modis mxolod Savi liTonis reciklirebaze (gadamuSa-veba), aRmoCndeba rom realurad, sxva komunaluri narCenis reciklirebis (gadamuSavebis) wili naklebia 1% ze.

saqarTveloSi narCenebidan (Savi li-Toni, mina, qaRaldi, muyao, polieTile-ni da sxva.) iwarmoeba, rogorc meoradi nedleuli aseve axali produqcia.

Savi liTonis reciklireba

(gadamuSaveba

saqarTveloSi Savi liTonis re-ciklirebiT dakavebulia ori sawarmo

„rusTavis foladi“ da „qarTuli fo-ladi“. orive sawarmo warmoadgens qar-Tuli mZime mrewvelobis flagmans. sa-warmoebi produqcias awarmoeben meo-radi liTonis nedleulisgan, romel-sac amzadeben adgilobriv bazarze Se-Zenili jarTisgan (Savi liTonis narCeni). sawarmoebSi Savi liTonis me-oradi nedleulisgan ZiriTadad mzad-deba maRali xarisxis sxvadasxva tipis saamSeneblo foladis Reroebi, rome-lic gadis rogorc adgilobriv ise me-zobeli qvey nebis bazrebze. metalur-giuli sawarmoebi yovelwliurad erT-oblivad gadaamuSaveben 100-150 aTas.tona Savi liTonis jarTs. imis gamo, rom ar arsebobs narCenebis moZraobis statistikuri aRricxva da narCenebis wyaroebze dakvirveba, ver xerxdeba re-ciklirebul liTonis jarTSi myari mu-nicipaluri narCenis Tu sxva wyaros kerZod, samSeneblo an samrewvelo nar-Cenis wilis gansazRvra.



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(informaciis wyaro: statistikis ero-vnuli samsaxuri; gama, samecniero-kvleviTi firma, q. Tbilisis myari

sayofacxovrebo narCenebis poligonis mSeneblobis da eqspluataciis teqnikur-ekonomikuri dasabuTebis proeqti, Tbilisi 2010 w, reciklirebis sawarmoTa kvleva).

Cvens xelT arsebuli informaciis mixedviT Savi liTonis jarTis gadamu-Savebis struqtura aseTia:

sul gadamuSavebul Savi liTonis jarTSi, reciklirebis wili aris 41,5 %, rac sakmaod maRali maCve nebelia da uaxlovdeba reciklirebis saSualo evropul maCvenebels. aRsaniSnavia isic, rom nagavsayrelebze xvdeba li-Tonis narCenis sakmao raodenoba, mT-liani narCenis 8%, rac miuTiTebs nar-Cenis Segrovebis arsebuli praqtikis dabal efeqturobaze. separaciis (da-xarisxeba) sistemis danergva mniSvne-lovnad Seamcirebs Savi liTonis nar-Cenis nagavsayrelze moxvedras. liTo-nis narCenis gadamuSavebis amgvari struqtura gamowveulia qveyanaSi msx-vili metalurgiuli warmoebis tra-diciis arsebobiT. aseve, liTonis nar-Cenisadmi sazogadoebis Secvlili da-mokidebulebiT. kerZod, ukve myarad aris damkvidrebuli azri, rom liTo-nis narCeni aris meoradi resursi, ro-melsac aqvs realuri sabazro Rirebu-leba da ara nagavi, romelic nebismie-ri xerxiT unda moviSoroT.

adgilobrivi Savi liTnis narCene-bis bazars, aqvs SesaZlebloba srulad daakmayofilos reciklirebis sawarmo-ebi nedleulze moTxovnis 200-250 % zrdis SemTxvevaSic.

Savi liTonis reciklirebis sawar-moebi muSaoben Tavisi SesaZleblobis 20-30%-is farglebSi, ris mTavar mizez-adac asaxeleben sabanko kreditebis maRal saprocento ganakveTs da liTo-nis damuSavebis moZvelebul teqnolo-giebs. sawarmoebi, Tanamedrove teqno-

logiebis danergvis SemTxvevaSi, varud-oben recklirebis moculobis zrdas 300- 400 %-iT, xolo warmoebis efeqtu-

robis zrdas (sawarmoo danaxar-jebi erTeul produqtze) 20%-iT.

Savi liTonis narCenebis re-ciklirebas mniSvnelovani wvlili Seaqvs, rogorc qvey nis ekonomika-Si, aseve garemosdacvisa da da-saqmebis sferoSi, Tumca is jer

kidev Sors aris „simwvanesTan“. re-ciklirebis sawarmoebi warmoadgenen saSualo zomis metalurgiul qarxnebs, romlebic sawarmoo procesebis marT-vaSi naklebad iTvaliswineben garemos-dacviT standartebs da regulaciebs da Rirseuli Sromis principeze da-fuZnebul dasaqmebas.

saWiro cvlilebebi Savi liTonis reciklirebis seqtoris „gasamwvaneblad“

Savi liTonis narCenebis bazari da reciklireba kargad aris ganviTarebu-li, narCenebis reciklirebis (gadamu-Savebis) sxva seqtorebTan SedarebiT, Tumca es seqtori saWiroebs mniSvne-lovan cvlilebebs mis gasaZliereblad da „gasamwvanebalad“.

1) Savi liTonis narCenebis aRricxvis sistemis danergva;

narCenebis wyaroebis da ganTavsebis Sesaxeb statistikuri informaciis ararseboba SeuZlebels xdis narCe-nebis marTvis strategiebisa da po-litikis SemuSavebas. regulirebis instrumentebis danergavas, kvleve-bisa da monitoringis ganxorciele-bas. aseve, SezRudulia reciklire-bis biznesis dagegmva da axali baz-rebisa da ganviTarebis SesaZleblobe-bis gamovlena.

2) Savi liTonis narCenebis klasifika-cia da standartizacia;

narCenebis klasifikacia saSualebas miscems Savi liTonis narCenebis ba-zars gaamravalferovnos gamotani-li produqti da gaaCinos axali Se-saZleblobebi reciklirebis produ-qciis warmoebisaTvis. aseve, SesaZle-beli gaxados meoradi nedleulis xarisxis standartis regulireba, rac mniSvnelovnad gazrdis recikli-



rebis seqtoris produqciis konku-rentunarianobas adgilobriv Tu sa-erTaSoriso bazarze.

3) municipaluri Savi liTonis narCenis separaciis formalizebuli da stru-qturirebuli sistemis Camoyalibeba;

separacis sistemis Camoyalibeba xels Seuwyobs, Savi liTonis munici-paluro narCenis segregacias da Se-amcirebs maT nagavsayrelebze moxve-dras. separacia xelSesaxebad gazr-dis narCenebis bazris moculobas da xels Seuwyobs mis formalizebas. separaciis sistemis formalizieba da struqturireba SesaZlebels gax-dis am sferoSi dasaqmebulTa Tu TviTdasaqmebulTaTvis Rirseuli Sromis pirobebisa Tu SromiTi uf-lebebis uzrunvelyofas. aseve, maTi kvalfikaciis amaRlebas, swavlebas Tu trenings.

4) municipaluri Savi liTonis narCene-bis segregaciis adgilebis mowyoba, garemosdacviTi regulaciebisa da standartebis Sesbamisad;

Savi liTonis narCenebis mouwyobeli segregaciis adgilebi, warmoadgens dabinZurebis kerebs. isini, rogorc wesi ganTavsebulia dasaxlebul ad-gilebTan axlos, rac zrdis garemos dabinZurebis risks da safrTxe Seu-qmnas adamianis janmrTelobas.

5) Savi liTonebis narCenebis bazris formalizeba da struqturireba;

Savi liTonebis narCenebis bazris formalizeba da struqturireba xels Seuwyobs narCenebiT Tavisufal vaWrobas da konkurenciis zrdas, vaWrobis legalizacias. narCenebis bazris gafarToebas da gamraval-ferovnebas, CarTvas Savi liTonebis narCenebiT vaWrobis globalur qsel-Si, rac Tavis mxriv gazrdis narCene-bis fass da gaaCens moTxovnas axal sabazro produqtebze. mravalfero-vani da standartizirebuli bazari gaaCens axal SesaZleblobebs re-ciklirebis biznesisaTvis.

6) Savi liTonis narCenis reciklirebis sawarmoebSi, garemosdacviTi regu-laciebis da standartebis danergva;

garemosdacviTi regulacebis (maga-liTad garemoze zemoqmedebis pro-

ceduris Catareba, garemosdacviTi auditis Catareba) da standatebis danergva, sawarmoebs gaxdis ufro mdgrads da mimzidvels investicie-bis mosazidad.

7) Savi liTonis narCenis reciklirebis (gadamuSaveba) sawarmoebis, finansu-ri da teqnikuri mxardaWera axali teqnologiebis da inovaciebis dasa-nergad.

sawarmoebi saWiroeben teqnologiur ganaxlebas, raTa awarmoon konkuren-tuli da maRali xarisxis pruduq-cia. rac aseve, gazrdis maT mier reciklirebuli(Segrovebuli) narCe-nis moculobas.

feradi liTonis reciklireba

(gadamuSaveba)

feradi liTonebis narCenebis baza-ri sakmaod moculobiTi da dinamiurad mzardia. moqmedebs feradi liTonebis municipaluri narCenebis Semgrovebel-Ta farTo qseli. informacia feradi liTonebis narCenebis reciklirebis Se-saxeb SezRudulia. feradi liTonis narCenebis reciklirebis seqtori da-kavebulia mxolod meoradi nedleu-lis warmoebiT. Segrovebuli feradi liTonis narCeni gadaumuSaveblad an meoradi nedleulis saxiT, mTlianad gadis eqsportze, romelic weliwadSi Seadgens 7430 tonas.

imis gamo, rom ar arsebobs narCene-bis moZraobis statistikuri aRricxva da narCenebis wyaroebze dakvirveba, ver xerxdeba feradi liTonis narCenSi myari municipaluri narCenis wilis gansazRvra. Sesabamisad ar arsebobs informacia nagavsayrelebze gatanili feradi liTonis narCenis Sesaxeb.

feradi liTonebis narCenebis re-ciklireba (gadamuSaveba) saqarTveloSi faqtiurad ar mimdinareobs, Tumca fe-radi liTonis meoradi nedleulisa da jarTis eqsportis moculoba gvafiqre-binebs, rom misi Segrovebisa da sepa-raciis sistemis gamarTuli funqcio-nirebis SemTxvevaSi, warmoqmnili da Segrovebuli feradi liTonis narCenis



13

moculoba SesaZleblobas iZleva re-sursis reciklirebisa da sferos gan-viTarebis.

saWiro cvlilebebi feradi

liTonis reciklirebis

(gadamuSaveba) seqtoris

gasamwvaneblad

feradi liTonis narCenebis Segro-vebis sistema da bazari sakmaod ganvi-Tarebulia, rasac ver vityviT re-ciklirebaze (gadamuSaveba). seqtori saWiroebs mniSvnelovani qmedebebis gatarebas da „gamwvanebas“.

1) feradi liTonis narCenebis aRricx-

vis sistemis danergva; narCenebis wyaroebis da moZraobis

Sesaxeb statistikuri informaciis ararseboba SeuZlebels xdis narCe-nebis marTvis strategiebisa da po-litikis SemuSavebas. regulirebis instrumentebis danergavas, kvleve-bisa da monitoringis ganxorciele-bas. aseve, reciklirebis biznesis ganviTarebas, axali bazrebisa da Se-saZleblobebis gamovlenas.

2) feradi liTonis narCenebis klasifi-kacia da standartizacia;

narCenebis klasifikacia saSualebas miscems feradi liTonis narCenebis bazars, gaamravalferovnos gamota-nili meoradi produqti da gaaCinos axali SesaZleblobebi reciklirebis (gadamuSavebuli) produqciis warmoe-bisaTvis. aseve, SesaZlebeli gaxados meoradi nedleulis xarisxis stan-dartis regulireba, rac mniSvnelov-nad gazrdis reciklirebuli produ-qciis konkurentunarianobas adgi-lobriv Tu saerTaSoriso bazarze.

3) municipaluri feradi liTonis se-paraciis formalizebuli da struq-turirebuli sistemis Camoyalibeba;

separacis sistemis Camoyalibeba xels Sewyobs, feradi liTonis muni-cipaluro narCenebis segregacias da Seamcirebs maT nagavsayrelebze mox-vedras. separacia xelSesaxebad gazr-dis narCenebis bazris moculobas da xels Seuwyobs mis formalizebas. se-paraciis sistemis formalizieba da struqturireba SesaZlebels gaxdis am sferoSi dasaqmebulTa Tu TviTda-saqmebulTaTvis Rirseuli Sromis pi-robebisa Tu SromiTi uflebebis uz-runvelyofas. aseve, maTi kvalfi-kaciis amaRlebas, swavlebasa Tu trenings.

4) feradi liTonebis narCenebis bazris formalizeba da struqturireba;

feradi liTonebis narCenebis bazris formalizeba da struqturireba xels Seuwyobs narCenebiT Tavisufal vaWrobas da konkurenciis zrdas, vaWrobis legalizacias. narCenebis bazris gafarToebas da gamraval-ferovnebas, CarTvas feradi liTone-bis narCenebiT vaWrobis globalur qselSi, rac Tavis mxriv gazrdis narCenebis fass da gaaCens moTxovnas axal sabazro produqtebze. mraval-ferovani da standartizirebuli ba-zari gaaCens axal SesaZleblobebs reciklirebis biznesisTvis.

5) feradi liTonebis reciklirebis (gadamuSavebis) sawarmoebis ganvi-Tarebis xelSewyoba.

saqarTveloSi warmoebuli feradi liTonis meoradi nedleuli srulad gadis eqsportze. amitom, mniSvnelo-vania sawarmoo simZlavreebis ganvi-Tareba feradi liTonis pirveladi produqciis warmoebisaTvis.

minis reciklireba

saqarTveloSi dReisaTvis, minis re-ciklirebiT dakavebulia erTi sawarmo, s.s. „mina“, romelic funqcionirebs yo-fili qsnis minis taris qarxnis bazaze.

sawarmo yovelwliurad amuSavebs saSualod 5 000 tona minis lews. ro-melsac ibarebs minis Semgrovebeli

imis gamo, rom ar arsebobs narCe-nebis moZraobis statistikuri aRricx-va da narCenebis wyaroebze dakvirveba, ver xerxdeba reciklirebul minis lewSi myari municipaluri narCenis Tu sxva wyaros kerZod, samSeneblo an sam-rewvelo narCenis wilis gansazRvra.



kerZo pirebisagan. sawarmo minis meo-radi nedleulisgan amzadebs sxvadasx-va asortimentis minis boTlebs. pro-duqcia gadis rogorc adgilobriv, ise mezobeli qvey nebis bazarze. sawarmo akmayofilebs minis boTlze adgi-lobrivi bazris moTxovnis 40%, maRal-rentabeluria da misi rentabeloba aRemateba 18%. sawarmoSi dasaqmebulia 100-ze meti adamiani.

(informaciis wyaro: statistikis erovnu-li samsaxuri; gama, samecniero-kvleviTi firma, q. Tbilisis myari sayofacxovrebo narCenebis poligonis mSeneblobis da eqspluataciis teqnikur-ekonomikuri dasa-buTebis proeqti, Tbilisi 2010w, recikli-rebis sawarmoTa kvleva)

Cve ns xelT arsebuli monacemebis mixedviT, fiqsirdeba minis reciklire-bis maRali procenti (90%), minis nar-Cenis gadamuSavebis mTlian raodenoba-sTan. reciklirebis maRali procenti gamowveulia nagavsayrelze ganTavse-bul narCenSi minis Semadgenlobis ar-qoniT. rogorc zemoT avRniSneT, es maCve nebeli ar iZleva erTgvarovani Sefasebis saSualebas. Znelad dasaje-rebelia, rom nagavsayrelebze minis narCeni ar xvdebodes. ar gvaqvs infor-macia minis taris meoradi gamoyenebis bazris moculobis Sesaxeb, Tumca es bazaric mniSvnelovania da saWiroebs damatebiT kvlevebs.

adgilobrivi minis narCenebis baza-ri jer kidev Camoyalibebis stadiaSia, gaumarTavia SemgrovebelTa qseli, ar xdeba municipaluri minis narCenis se-paracia. Sesabamisad, minis narCenebis bazari deficituria da ver akmayo-filebs reciklirebis sawarmos moTxo-vnebs meorad nedleulze. deficitis Sesavsebad sawarmo iZulebulia gamoi-ye nos pirveladi nedleuli, romelsac iRebs saCxeris qviSis karierebidan.

pirveladi nedleulis gamoyeneba zrdis produqciis TviTRirebulebas 40-50%, aseve sawarmoo cikls da ener-gomoxmarebas. informaciis simwiris gamo ver xerxdeba Sefaseba aramwvane ekonomikuri saqmianobiT gamowveuli zaralis romelsac iRebs sawarmo, bunebrivi da socialuri garemo.

sawarmo muSaobs Tavisi SesaZ-leblobis 80% farglebSi, Tumca minis

narCenebis bazris ganviTarebis Sem-TxvevaSi SeuZlia gaaormagos war-moebis moculo-ba.

sawarmo, re-ciklirebis ganvi-Tarebis mTavar

winaRobebad miiCnevs:a) arasrulyofil sakanonmdeblo re-

gulirebas;b) minis narCenebis separaciis sistemis

ararsebobas; rogorc avRniSneT, minis reciklire-

bis seqtori jer kidev formirebis stadiaSia da saWiroebs cvlilebis gatarebas misi gamwvanebisaTvis. kerZod:

a) minis narCenebis bazris da narCene-bis marTvis sistemis ganviTareba;

b) sawarmoo procesSi garemosdacviTi standartebisa da regulaciebis da-nergva;

g) Rirseuli Sromis principeze dafuZ-nebuli dasaqmeba;

saWiro cvlilebebi minis recikli-rebis seqtoris gasamwvaneblad1) municipaluri minis narCenebis sepa-

raciis formalizebuli da struq-turirebuli sistemis Camoyalibeba;

separacis sistemis Camoyalibeba xels Sewyobs, minis municipaluro narCenebis segregacias da Seamcirebs maT nagavsayrelebze moxvedras. sepa-racia xelSesaxebad gazrdis narCene-bis bazris moculobas da xels Seu-wyobs mis formalizebas. separaciis sistemis formalizieba da struqtu-rireba SesaZlebels gaxdis am sfe-roSi dasaqmebulTa Tu TviTdasaqme-



15

bulTaTvis Rirseuli Sromis pirobe-bisa Tu SromiTi uflebebis uzrun-velyofas. aseve, maTi kvalfikaciis amaRlebas.

2) minis narCenebis bazris formalize-ba da struqturireba.

minis narCenebis bazris formalize-ba da struqturireba xels Seuwyobs narCenebiT Tavisufal vaWrobas da konkurencis zrdas, vaWrobis lega-lizacias da Riaobas. narCenebis baz-ris gafarToebas da gamravalferov-nebas. mravalferovani da standar-tizirebuli bazari gaaCens axal Se-saZleblobebs reciklirebis bizne-sisaTvis.

3) minis narCenis reciklirebis sawar-moebSi, garemosdacviTi regulacie-

muyaos narCenis reciklirebis seqtori

saqarTveloSi muyaos reciklirebiT dakavebulia erTi sawarmo. S.p.s. „neo-printi“, romelic mdebareobs werova-nis dasaxlebaSi.

sawarmo wliurad amuSavebs 200 tona muyaos narCens, amzadebs meorad qaRalds, romelic gamoiyeneba gof-rirebuli SesafuTi yuTebis dasamza-deblad. sawarmos produqcia gaaqvs, rogorc adgilobriv aseve mezobeli qvey nebis bazarze. sawarmoSi dasaqme-bulia 70 adamiani.

sawarmo muyaos narCeniT momarage-ba xdeba sxvadasxva wyaroebidan: mo-kreba mosaxleobidan, Sesyidva Semgro-vebeli kompaniebisgan, mokreba munici-paluri nagavsayrelebidan.

muyaos bazari srulad akmayofilebs reciklirebis sawarmos moTxovnas meo-

rad nedleulze. sawarmo muSaobs Tavi-si SesaZleblobis 50%-80% farglebSi. sawarmoSi moqmedi teqnikuri aRWurvi-loba moZvelebulia. sawarmos warmo-madgenlebis azriT, Tanamedrove teq-nologiebis danergvis SemTxvevaSi Se-saZlebelia sawarmos warmadobis gazr-da 1000 tonamde weliwadSi da erTeul produqtze sawarmoo danaxarjebis Sem-cireba 15% - 20%-iT.

sawarmo, muyaos narCenis recikli-rebis ganviTarebis mimarTulebiT mTavar winaRobebad miiCnevs:

a) sabanko kreditebze maRali sapro-

cento ganakveTs; b) arasrulyofil sakanonmdeblo re-

gulirebas,

bis da standartebis danergva gare-mosdacviTi regulacebis da stan-datebis danergva, sawarmoebs gaxdis ufro mdgrads da mimzidvels inve-sticiebis mosazidad. uzrunvely-ofs dasaqmebulTa Rirseuli Sromis standartebis damkvidrebas.

4) minis narCenis reciklirebis sawar-moebis, finansuri da teqnikuri mxardaWera axali teqnologiebis da inovaciebis dasanergad.

sawarmoebi saWiroeben teqnologi-ur ganaxlebas, raTa awarmoon konku-rentuli da maRali xarisxis pruduq-sia. rac aseve, gazrdis maT mier re-ciklirebuli narCenis moculobas.

(informaciis wyaro: statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri; gama, samecniero-kvleviTi firma, q. Tbilisis myari sayofacxovrebo narCenebis poligonis mSeneblobis da eqspluataciis teqnikur-ekonomikuri dasabuTebis proeqti,Tbilisi 2010w, reciklirebis sawarmoTa kvleva)



g) narCenebis separaciis sistemis ararsebobas;

d) muyaos narCenebis bazarze dabali xarisxis (dabinZurebuli) narCenis mowodebas.

muyaos narCenis ZiriTadi warmomqm-nelia muyaos SefuTvis narCeni, rom-lis warmoqmnis wyaroa savaWro dawese-bulebebi, ofisebi, saamSeneblo da sayofacxovrebo sawarmoebebis saqmi-anoba. Sesabamisi aRricxvis ararsebo-bis gamo, ver xerxdeba muyaos narCenis moculobis Sefaseba da kategorizacia warmoSobis wyaroebis mixedviT.

muyaos narCenis gadamuSavebis stru-qtura gviCve nebs rom reciklirebis wili muyaos mTlian gadamuSavebaSi um-niSvneloa (0,4 %). Tumca, eqsportis moculobis swrafi zrda adasturebs rom muyaos narCenis bazari formirde-ba da dinamiurad izrdeba. maRalia na-gavsayrelze gatanili muyaos narCenis wili, rac migviTiTebs muyaos narCene-bis marTvis sisitemaSi mwvane cvlile-bebis gatarebis aucileblobaze.

muyaos reciklirebis seqtori su-stad aris ganviTarebuli, Tumca war-moqmnili muyaos SesafuTi narCenis zrda da narCenebis bazris ganviTareba aCens SesaZleblobas reciklirebis mo-culobis gazrdisa da axali produ-qtebis warmoebisaTvis.

saWiro cvlilebebi muyaos

reciklirebis seqtoris

gasamwvaneblad

muyaos narCenebis Segroveba da ba-zari kargad aris ganviTarebuli, Tum-ca seqtori saWiroebs mniSvnelovani cvlilebebis gatarebas, da investire-bas mis gasaZliereblad da gamwvane-balad.1) SesafuTi masalebis narCenebis aRri-

cxvis sistemis danergva; narCenebis wyaroebis da moZraobis

Sesaxeb statistikuri informaciis ar arseboba SeuZlebels xdis narCe-nebis marTvis strategiebisa da po-litikis SemuSavebas. regulirebis

instrumentebis danergavas, kvleve-bisa da monitoringis ganxorciele-bas. aseve, SezRudulia reciklire-bis biznesis dagegmva da axali baz-rebisa da ganviTarebis SesaZleblobe-bis gamovlena.

2) muyaos narCenebis klasifikacia da standartizacia;

narCenebis klasifikacia saSualebas miscems muyaos narCenebis bazars gaamravalferovnos gamotanili produqti da gaaCinos axali SesaZ-leblobebi reciklirebis produqci-is warmoebisaTvis. aseve, SesaZlebe-li gaxados meoradi nedleulis xa-risxis standartis regulireba, rac mniSvnelovnad gazrdis reciklire-bis seqtoris produqciis konkuren-tunarianobas adgilobriv Tu saer-TaSoriso bazarze.

3) SesafuTi masalebis separaciisa da Segrovebis formalizebuli da stru-qturirebuli sistemis Camoyalibeba;

separaciisa da Segrovebis sistemis Camoyalibeba xels Sewyobs, SesafuTi masalebis narCenebis segregacias. Se-amcirebs maT nagavsayrelebze moxve-dras. separacia xelSesaxebad gazr-dis narCenebis bazris moculobas.

4) SesafuTi masalebis narCenebis se-gregaciis adgilebis mowyoba, gare-mosdacviTi regulaciebisa da stan-dartebis Sesbamisad;

SesafuTi masalebis narCenebis mou-wyobeli segregaciis adgilebi, war-moadgens dabinZurebis kerebs. isini, rogorc wesi ganTavsebulia dasax-lebul adgilebTan axlos, rac qmnis maRal risks garemos dabinZurebisa da adamianis janmrTelobisaTvis.

5) SesafuTi masalebis narCenebis bazris formalizeba da struqturireba;

SesafuTi masalebis narCenebis baz-ris formalizeba da struqturireba xels Seuwyobs narCenebiT Tavisufal vaWrobas da konkurencis zrdas, vaWrobis legalizacias da Riaobas. narCenebis bazris gafarToebas da gamravalferovnebas, CarTvas muyaos narCenebiT vaWrobis globalur qsel-Si, rac Tavis mxriv gazrdis narCe-nebis fass da gaaCens moTxovnas axal



17

plastmasis narCenis reciklirebis seqtori

saqarTveloSi plastmasis recikli-rebiT dakavebuli sawarmoebis Sesaxeb informacia Zalzed mwiria. es aris Zi-riTadad, mcire naxevrad kustaruli sawarmoebi, romlebic plastmasis nar-Cenebisgan amzadeben meorad nedlels da gaaqvT bazarze an Tavadve awarmoe-ben produqcias. meoradi nedleulis bazris didi nawili aralegaluria, radgan mewarmeebi cdiloben ar gaamJRa-vnon, rom produqciis warmoebisas iye-neben meorad nedleuls. mewarmeTa ase-Ti sifrTxile gamowveulia: a) momxmarebelTa dabali garemosdac-

viTi cnobierebiT. (undoblobiT eki-debian meoradi palastmasisa da pe-tis xarisxsa da janmdTelobisaTvis usafrTxoebas)

b) meoradi palastmasiT da petiT war-moebuli produqciis TviTRirebule-

ba mniSvnelovnad dabalia. mewar-meebs surT warmoebuli produqti gayidon pirveladi nedleuliT war-moebuli produqtis fasad. reciklirebis sawarmoTa umravle-

soba aris mcire, naxevrad kustaruli sawarmoebi, sadac ar aris daculi ga-remosdacviTi standartebi da Rirseu-li Sromis pirobebi. iwarmoeba dabali xarisxis plastmasis nakeTobebi. sawar-moebi, romelTac aqvT saTanado kvali-fikacia da SesaZlebloba gaafarToon warmoeba da bazarze gamoitanon meo-radi nedleulisgan damzadebuli maRalteqnologiuri produqcia, nar-Cenebis bazari ver uzrunvelyofs Sesa-bamisi xarisxis da raodenobis narCe-nis stabilur miwodebas.

plastmasisa narCenebis gadamuSave-baSi, reciklirebis wili umniSvneloa.

sabazro produqtebze. mravalfero-vani da standartizirebuli bazari gaaCens axal SesaZleblobebs re-ciklirebis biznesisaTvis.

6) muyaos narCenis reciklirebis sawar-moebSi, garemosdacviTi regulacie-bis da standartebis danergva;

garemosdacviTi regulacebis da standatebis danergva, sawarmoebs gaxdis ufro mdgrads da mimzidvels investiciebis mosazidad. uzrun-

velyofs dasaqmebulTa Rirseuli Sromis standartebis damkvidrebas.

7) muyaos narCenis reciklirebis sawar-moebis, finansuri da teqnikuri mxardaWeraa xali teqnologiebis da inovaciebis dasanergad.

sawarmoebi saWiroeben teqnologiur ganaxlebas, raTa awarmoon konkuren-tuli da maRali xarisxis pruduq-sias. rac aseve, gazrdis maT mier re-ciklirebuli narCenis moculobas.

(informaciis wyaro: stati-stikis erovnuli samsaxuri; gama, samecniero-kvleviTi firma, q. Tbilisis myari sa-yofacxovrebo narCenebis po-ligonis mSeneblobis da eqspluataciis teqnikur-eko-nomikuri dasabuTebis proeq-ti, Tbilisi 2010w, recikli-rebis sawarmoTa kvleva)

seqtoris ufro detalurma Seswavlam SesaZlebelia gamoavlinos damatebiT reciklirebuli narCenis garkveuli raodenoba, magram es ar iqneba meti 1% -ze. im mwiri informaciis pirobebSi, romelic gagvaCnia, SeiZleba vTqvaT, rom reciklirebis wili mTlian gada-muSavebaSi meryeobs 1% farglebSi, rac mTlianobaSi ar cvlis plasmasis

reciklirebis seqtorSi arsebuli md-gomareobis suraTs. rogorc cxrili-dan Cans, plasmasis narCenis ZiriTadi wili (98%) ganTavsdeba nagavsayreleb-ze. am sferoSic, narCenebis marTvis si-sitema da midgomebi moiTxovs mniSvne-lovan cvlilebebs gamwvanebis mimar-TulebiT.



rianobas adgilobriv Tu saerTaSo-riso bazarze.

3) plastmasis Segrovebis formalize-buli da struqturirebuli siste-mis Camoyalibeba;

separaciisa sistemis Camoyalibeba xels Sewyobs, plasmasis narCenebis segregacias. Seamcirebs maT nagavsay -relebze moxvedras da garemoSi di-fuzias. separacia xelSesaxebad gazr-dis narCenebis bazris moculobas da xels Seuwyobs mis formalizebas.

4) plastmasis bazris formalizeba da

struqturireba; plasmasis narCenebis bazris forma-

lizeba da struqturireba xels Seu-wyobs narCenebiT Tavisufal vaWro-bas da konkurencis zrdas, vaWrobis legalizacias da Riaobas. narCenebis bazris gafarToebas da gamraval-ferovnebas, plasmasis narCenebiT vaWrobis globalur qselSi, rac Ta-vis mxriv gazrdis narCenebis fass da gaaCens moTxovnas axal sabazro produqtebze. mravalferovani da standartizirebuli bazari gaaCens axal SesaZleblobebs reciklirebis biznesisaTvis.

4) plastmasis reciklirebis sawarmoeb-Si, garemosdacviTi regulaciebis da standartebis danergva;

garemosdacviTi regulacebis da standatebis danergva, sawarmoebs gaxdis ufro mdgrads da mimzidvels investiciebis mosazidad. uzrun-velyofs dasaqmebulTa Rirseuli Sromis standartebis damkvidrebas.

5) plastmasis narCenis reciklirebis sawarmoebis, finansuri da teqnikuri mxardaWera axali teqnologiebis da inovaciebis dasanergad;

sawarmoebi saWiroeben teqnologiur ganaxlebas, raTa awarmoon konkuren-tuli da maRali xarisxis pruduq-cia. rac aseve, gazrdis maT mier re-ciklirebuli narCenis moculobas.

plasmasis narCenebis bazari Camoya-libebis procesSia, Tumca akmayofilebs reciklirebis sawarmoebis moTxovnas nedleulze.

sawarmoebi, plasmasis reciklire-bis ganviTrebis mTavar xelSemSlel faqtorad asaxeleben:

a) separaciis sistemis ararsebobas, b) narCenebis moZraobis Sesaxeb stati-

stikuri informaciis ararsebobas, g) mouwesrigebel narCenebis bazars;

seqtorSi warmoebuli produqcia gadis mxolod adgilobriv bazarze, rac mniSvnelovnad zRudavs warmoebis gafarToebas.

saWiro cvlilebebi plastmasis re-ciklirebis seqtoris gasamwvaneblad

plastmasis narCenebis Segroveba da bazari jer kidev Camoyalibebis stadi-aSia. amitom saWiroebs mniSvnelovan cvlilebebs da investiciebs mis gasaZ-liereblad da gasamwvanebalad.

1) plasmasis narCenebis aRricxvis si-stemis danergva;

narCenebis wyaroebis da moZraobis Sesaxeb statistikuri informaciis ar arseboba SeuZlebels xdis narCe-nebis marTvis strategiebisa da po-litikis SemuSavebas. regulirebis instrumentebis danergavas, kvleve-bisa da monitoringis ganxorciele-bas. aseve, SezRudulia reciklire-bis biznesis dagegmva da axali baz-rebisa da ganviTarebis SesaZleblobe-bis gamovlena.

2) platmasis narCenebis klasifikacia da standartizacia;

narCenebis klasifikacia standarti-zacia saSualebas miscems plastma-sis narCenebis bazars gaamraval-ferovnos gamotanili produqti da gaaCinos axali SesaZleblobebi re-ciklirebis produqciis warmoebi-saTvis. aseve, SesaZlebeli gaxados meoradi nedleulis xarisxis stan-dartis regulireba, rac mniSvnelo-vnad gazrdis reciklirebis sferos seqtoris produqciis konkurentuna-



19

qaRaldis narCenis recilklirebis seqtori

saqarTveloSi qaRaldis reciklire-bas ara aqvs didi xnis istoria. pirve-li kustaruli sawarmoebi amoqmeddnen 2000 wlidan, romlebic dakavebuli iy-vne n stambebidan, ofisebidan da mosax-leobidan qaRaldis narCenebis mokre-biT da reciklirebiT. qaRaldis meora-di nedleulisgan ZiriTadad awarmoeb-dnen dabali xarisxis tualitis qaRalds. 2004-2005 wlidan iwyeba qaRaldis narCenebis bazris formire-ba. biznes struqturebi, romelTa sa-warmoo procesi warmoqmnida qaRaldis narCens (stambebi, gamomcemlobebi, ofisebi), ganixilavdnen mas, rogorc nagavs, romelic unda moiSoron da we-vdnen xarjebs mis nagavsayrelze gansa-Tavseblad an wvavdnen Tu saxelmwifo garemosdacviTi regulaciebi ar Seuqm-nida winaaRmdegobas. qaRaldis narCe-nebis bazris Camoyalibebam da masze sabazro moTxovnis gaCenam, Secvala damokidebuleba qaRaldis narCenis mi-marT. dRes-dReobiT biznesi, warmoqm-nil qaRaldis narCens ganixilavs, ro-gorc meorad nedleuls da cdilobs rac SeiZleba sarfianad gayidos baz-arze. bazris zrdisa da formirebis paralelurad gaizarda qaRaldis nar-Cenis fasic, romelmac ukve gadaabija 250 lari/tona niSnuls. qaRaldis nar-Cenebis bazris Camoyalibeba da naCene-bis saerTaSoriso bazrebanT inte-grireba, xels Seuwyobs reciklirebis sferos Semdgom gafarToebas da meo-rad resursze fasis zrdas. amdenad, qaRaldis narCenis, rogorc meoradi nedleulis CarTvam ekonomikur cikl-Si, gamoiwvia misi transformireba, ekonomikuri saqmianobis tvirTidan damatebiTi Semosavlis, garemoze ze-moqmedebis Semcirebis, dasaqmebis da keTildReobis wyarod.

qaRaldis narCenebis (maku-laturis) bazari deficituria. bazari nawilobriv uzrunvely-ofs reciklirebis sawarmoebis moTxovnas meorad nedleulze. deficitis Sevseba xdeba qaRal-

dis narCenis importis xarjze. adgi-lobriv samomxmareblo bazarze, mkveTrad gaizarda moTxovna qaRaldis reciklirebiT warmoebul produqcia-ze, rac Sesabamisad aisaxa narCenis im-portis zrdaze.

qaRaldis narCenebis adgilobrivi bazari reciklirebisaTvis seqtors awvdis 370 tona makulaturas weliwad-Si, rac akmayofilebs qaRaldis narCe-nebze moTxovnis 32%.

saqarTveloSi qaRaldis narCenis marTvis arsebuli sistema saWiroebs mniSvnelovan cvlilebebs mis gasamwva-neblad. warmoqmnili qaRaldis narCe-

wyaro: statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri; reciklirebis sawarmoebis kvleva.



nis gadamuSavebaSi reciklirebis wili Seadgens 1%.

qaRaldis reciklirebisaTvis moqme-di sawarmoebis ZiriTadi nawilis teq-nikuri aRWurviloba kustarulia an moZvelebuli. miuxedavad maTi warmo-ebis dabali warmadobisa, qaRaldis narCenebis bazrze nedleulis defici-tis gamo, sawarmoebi axerxeben maTi sa-warmoo SesaZleblobis 50% - 80% amo-qmedebas.

moZvelebuli teqnologiebisa da arasaxarbielo sainvesticio da biznes garemos pirobebSi, adgilobrivi re-ciklirebis seqtors uWirs samomxma-reblo bazarze maRalxarisxiani, kon-kurentuli produqciis miwodeba. ad-gilobriv produqcias samomxmareblo bazarze uWiravs dabalxarisxiani da iafi higienuri qaRaldis niSa.

qaRaldis reciklirebis sawarmoebi, seqtoris ganviTrebis mTavar xelSemS-lel faqtorad asaxeleben:

a) separaciis sistemis ararsebobas; b) narCenebis moZraobis Sesaxeb stati-

stikuri informaciis ararsebobs; g) mouwesrigebel narCenebis bazars.

saWiro cvlilebebi qaRaldis

reciklirebis seqtoris

`gasamwvaneblad~

qaRaldis narCenebis Segroveba da bazari jer kidev Camoyalibebis stadi-aSia. reciklirebis seqtori saWiroebs mniSvnelovan cvlilebebs da investi-ciebs mis gasaZliereblad da gasamwva-nebalad.

1) qaRaldis narCenebis aRricxvis si-stemis danergva;

narCenebis wyaroebis da moZraobis Sesaxeb statistikuri informaciis ar arseboba SeuZlebels xdis narCe-nebis marTvis strategiebisa da po-litikis SemuSavebas. regulirebis instrumentebis danergavas, kvleve-bisa da monitoringis ganxorciele-bas. aseve, SezRudulia reciklire-bis biznesis dagegmva da axali baz-

rebisa da ganviTarebis SesaZleblobe-bis gamovlena.

2) qaRaldis narCenebis klasifikacia da standartizacia;

narCenebis klasifikacia da stan-dartizacia saSualebas miscems qaRaldis narCenebis bazars gaamra-valferovnos gamotanili produqti da gaaCinos axali SesaZleblobebi reciklirebis produqciis warmoebi-saTvis. aseve, SesaZlebeli gaxados meoradi nedleulis xarisxis stan-dartis regulireba, rac mniSvnelo-vnad gazrdis reciklirebis seqto-ris produqciis konkurentunariano-bas adgilobriv Tu saerTaSoriso bazarze.

3) qaRaldis separaciisa da Segrovebis formalizebuli da struqturire-buli sistemis Camoyalibeba;

separaciisa Segrovebis sistemis Camo-yalibeba xels Sewyobs, qaRaldis narCenebis segregacias da Seamcirebs maT nagavsayrelebze moxvedras. sepa-racia xelSesaxebad gazrdis qaRal-dis narCenebis bazris moculobas da xels Seuwyobs mis formalizebas.

4) qaRaldis narCenebi bazris formali-zeba da struqturireba;

qaRaldis narCenebis bazris forma-lizeba da struqturireba xels Seu-wyobs narCenebiT Tavisufal vaWrobas da konkurencis zrdas, vaWrobis le-galizacias da Riaobas. narCenebis bazris gafarToebas da gamraval-ferovnebas, rac Tavis mxriv gazrdis narCenebis fass da gaaCens moTxovnas axal sabazro produqtebze. mraval-ferovani da standartizirebuli ba-zari gaaCens axal SesaZleblobebs reciklirebis biznesisaTvis.

5) qaRaldis narCenis reciklirebis sa-warmoebis, finansuri da teqnikuri mxardaWera, axali teqnologiebis, inovaciebis da garemosdacviTi regu-laciebis da standartebis danergva;

sawarmoebi saWiroeben teqnologiur ganaxlebas, raTa awarmoon konkuren-tuli da maRali xarisxis pruduqsias. rac aseve, gazrdis maT mier recikli-rebuli narCenis moculobas. garemo-sdacviTi regulaciebi sawarmoebs



21

gaxdis ufro mdgrads da mimzidvels investiciebis mosazidad da uzrun-velyofs dasaqmebulTa Rirseuli Sromis standartebis damkvidrebas.

SesafuTi masalis narCenebis

wyaroebi da moZraoba

ekonomikuri ganviTarebis da ur-banizaciis Tanmdevi procesia Sesafu-Ti masalis moculobis da mravalfero-vnebis mkveTri zrda. SesafuTi masa-lebis zrdis Semcireba da warmoqmni-li narCenis movla, warmoadgens gare-mosdacviTi politikis da narCenebis marTvis erTerT mniSvnelovan amocanas da gamowvevas. arsebuli garemosdacvis saxelmwifo politika, ar ganixilavs SesafuT masalebs Tavis prioriteteb-Si. Tvlis rom arsebuli ekonomikuri aqtivobis pirobebSi SesafuTi masale-biT gamowveuli garemoze zemoqmedeba minimaluria da eqvemdebareba TviTre-gulirebas. Sesabamisad, ar warmoebs SesafuTi masalebis wyaroebis da mo-Zraobis aRricxva da monitoringi. Se-fasebiTi kvlevebisa da analitikuri informaciis uqonlobis gamo, faqtiu-rad SeuZlebelia raime Sefasebis gake-Teba SesafuTi masalebis warmoqmnis wyaroebze, zrdis dinamikaze, mis mr-valferovnebasa Tu moZraobis Sesaxeb.

SesaZlebelia mxolod arpirdapiri dakvirvebebiT msjeloba am seqtoris mdgomareobaze da mis zemoqmedebaze.

SesafuTi masalebis narCenebis mo-culobis zrda aisaxa muyaos narCene-bis bazris dinamikaze. kerZod, bolo sam weliwadSi mkveTrad gaizarda muya-os narCenebis importi. rac TavisTavad, aCens axal SesaZleblobebs muyaos re-ciklirebis ganviTarebisaTvis.

rac Seexeba polieTilenis SesafuT masalas, is mTlianad xvdeba nagavsayre-lebze. informaciis simwire, SeuZle-bels xdis SevafasoT warmoqmnili po-lieTilenis SesafuTi masalis moculo-ba da dinamika. Tumca, TvalsaCinoa ga-remoSi gabneuli polieTilenis narCe-nis mkveTri zrda. polieTilenis SesafuTi masaliT garemos dabinZureba ukve iwvevs sazogadoebis SeSfoTebas. saxelmwifo politika am problemis mogvarebasac uyurebs „milis bolos“ principiT, kerZod, Semoifargleba ga-remoSi gabneuli narCenebis mokrebis kampaniebiT da dabinZurebaze jarimebis sistemis SemoRebiT. es RonisZiebebi aranair xelSesaxeb efeqts ar iZleva.

SesafuTi masalebis marTvis seqto-ri saWiroebs mniSvnelovan „mwvane“ cv-lilebebs. SesafuTi masalebis warmo-qmnis Semcirebisa da narCenebis movlis erTiani strategiisa da sabazro sti-mulebis SemuSavebas.

kvlevis Sejameba

reciklirebis seqtoris kvlevam ga-moavlina ekonomikur da garemosdac-viT politikaSi gasatarebeli cvlile-bebi, romlebic xels Seuwyobs seqto-ris gaZlierabas da „mwvane zrdas. - kvlevam gviCve na, rom damkvidrebuli

azri, TiTqos reciklirebis seqto-ris ganviTarebas aferxebs generire-buli narCenebis simcire da gadamu-Savebis maRali Rirebuleba, aris mc-dari da saWiroebs cvlilebas.

- cvlilebas saWiroebs ekonomikur da garemosdacviT politikaSi narCenis-admi midgoma. kerZod, narCeni gani-xileba, rogorc ekonomikis ganvi-Tarebis Tanmdevi negatiuri tvirTi,

romelic unda ganTavsdes ise rom ar Seeqmnas safrTxe garemos da adamia-nis janmrTelobas. saWiroa narCeni ganixilon, rogorc meoradi resur-si, romlis CarTvac unda moxdes ekonomikur ciklSi.

- cvlilebas saWiroebs midgoma - nar-Cenebis marTva mxolod erTi, „milis boloSi“ principiT, radgan is ver uzrunvelyofs adamianis janmr-Telobis usafrTxoebasa da garemoze zemoqmedebis riskiebis Semcirebas.

- narCenebis marTvaSi arsebuli mdgo-mareoba aris dramatuli da saWiro-ebs gadaudebel qmedebebs mis gamo-sasworeblad. ar arsebobs narCenebis



gamoyenebuli literatura

1. Global Green New Deal”. Policy brief. United Nations Environment Programme. March 2009.2. OECD (2011a), Green growth strategy Synthesis Report www.oecd.org/greengrowth3. Full Cost Accounting for Municipal Solid Waste Management, United States Environmental Protection Agency,

Solid Waste and Emergency Response 5305W 4. Global Green New Deal”. Policy brief. United Nations Environment Programme. March 2009. www.unep.org/

pdf/A_Global_Green_New_Deal_Policy_Brief.pdf 5. Green Business Support Strategy For Georgian Private Business Organizations And Employers Associations,

Developed by: Zaal Lomtadze, Nato Kirvalidze; Tbilisi, 20116. GEO- qalaqi Tbilisi: saqarTvelos dedaqalaqis mdgomareobis da tendenciebis integrire-

buli garemosdacviTi Sefaseba (2011)7. UN ECE, ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE REVIEWS GEORGIA, Second Review, ECE/CEP/157, New

York and Geneva, 20108. From waste to resource: an abstract of world waste survey 2009, philippe chalmin, catherine gaillochet9. UNEP, 2011, Towards a Green Economy: Pathways to Sustainable Development and Poverty Eradicatio, http://

www.unep.org/greeneconomy/Portals/88/documents/ger/ger_f.inal_dec_2011/Green%20EconomyReport_Fi-nal_Dec2011.pdf

marTviserTiani politika an samoqme-do gegma. arsebuli sakanonmdeblo baza arasrulyofilia. kvalificir-ebuli personalis da saxsrebis ukma-risobis gamo, instituciuri struq-turebis saqmianoba problemuria. kvlav grZeldeba narCenebis arasaTa-nadod ganTavseba (egrewodebel „sti-qiur~ nagavsayrelebze“.

- cvlilebas saWiroebs municipaluri narCenebis aRricxvis sistema. arse-buli sistema ar iZleva saSualebas SevafasoT narCenebis marTvis realu-ri Rirebuleba. imisaTvis rom SesaZ-lebeli iyos myari sayofacxovrebo narCenebis marTvis „gamwvanebis“ efe-qturi programebis SemuSaveba, au-cilebelia, municipaluri myari narCenebis marTvaSi „sruli Rirebu-lebis aRricxvis sistemis“ danergva (Full Cost Accounting for Municipal Solid Waste Management)

- reciklirebis seqtoris ganviTarebis mTavari ganmsazRvreli faqtoria, formalizebuli da struqturire-

buli narCenebis bazrebi. rac, moiT-xovs narCenebis aRricxvas, klasifi-cirebas da meoradi nedleulisa da produqciis standartizacias. narCenebis bazris da reciklirebis

seqtoris mdgradobisaTvis, maTi so-cialuri da ekologiuri mniSvnelobi-dan gamomdinare, aucilebelia Sesaba-misi sakanonmdeblo regulaciebis da ekonomikuri stimulebis amoqmedeba. gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom ar arsebobs erTi universaluri sqema yvela pro-blemisaTvis. regulaciebi da ekonomi-kuri stimulebi SiZleba iyos gansxva-vebuli narCenebis saxeobis mixedeviT da misadagebuli konkretuli regionis pirobebs da moTxovnebs. cvlilebas sa-Wiroebs sazogadoebis damokidebuleba reciklirebuli produqciisa da narCe-nebisadmi. sazogadoebis garemosdacvi-Ti cnobierebis amaRleba, erT-erTi mniSvnelovani winapirobaa narCenebis seqtoris `gamwvanebis” da reciklire-bis ganviTarebisaTvis.



23

sarCevi

Sesavali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

narCenebis marTvis seqtoris gamwvaneba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

narCenebis marTva, instituciuri mowyoba da regulirebis meqanizmebi . . 4

myari municipaluri narCenebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

municipaluri narCenebis struqtura . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

narCenebis bazari . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

narCenebis reciklirebis seqtori . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

myari municipaluri narCenis reciklirebis (gadamuSavebis)

struqtura . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Savi liTonis reciklireba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

feradi liTonis reciklireba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

saWiro cvlilebebi feradi liTonis reciklirebis

(gadamuSaveba) seqtoris gasamwvaneblad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

minis narCenebis reciklireba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

muyaos narCenebis reciklireba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

saWiro cvlilebebi muyaos reciklirebis seqtoris gasamwvaneblad . . . 16

plastmasis narCenebis reciklireba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

qaRaldis narCenebis recilklireba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

SesafuTi masalis narCenebis wyaroebi da moZraoba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

kvlevis Sejameba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

gamoyenebuli literatura . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

proeqti `davasufTaoT saqarTvelo - sazogadoebis cnobierebis amaRleba damisi CarTva myari sayofacxovrebo narCenebismarTvis gaumjobesebis procesSi~ xorcieldebaarasamTavrobo organizaciaTa konsorciumissaqarTvelos mwvaneTa moZraoba/dedamiwis

megobrebi - saqarTvelo da mdgradi ganviTarebis kavSiri `ekoxedva~-s mier

proeqti `davasufTa-oT saqarTvelo - sazoga-doebis cnobierebis amaR-leba da misi CarTva myari sayofacxovrebo narCene-bis marTvis gaumjobese-bis procesSi~ xorci-

eldeba SvedeTis saerTaSoriso ganvi-Tarebis saagentos (Sida) finansuri uzrunvelyofiT

proeqti `davasufTaoT saqarTvelo - sazogadoe-bis cnobierebis amaRleba da misi CarTva myari sayo-facxovrebo narCenebis marTvis gaumjobesebis procesSi~ xorcieldeba saqarTvelos garemos dac-

vis saministros mxardaWeriT

ZiriTadad 7 saxis plastmasis narCenebi reciklirdeba, romelTac separaciis gasaadvileblad gaaCniaT Sesabamisi niSnebi/etiketebi:

1. PET an PETE – wylis, ludis da sxva msubuqi sasmelebis boTlebi, sak-vebis SesafuTi masala;

2. PE-HD an HDPE – sayofacxovrebo daniSnulebis qimiuri saSualebebis boTlebi, saTamaSoebi da sxva;

3. PVC an V – karebebi da fanjrebi, milebi, boTlebi sxvadasxva qimiuri nivTierebebisTvis da sxva;

4. PE-LD an LDPE – nagvis urnebi, konteinerebi, sxvadasxva boTlebi da sxva;

5. PP – magidebi, skamebi, yuTebi, qilebi da sxva;6. PS – samzareulos plastmasis WurWeli, sayofacxovrebo teqnika, yuTe-

bi diskebisTvis da sxva;7. sxva plastmasi – bavSvis boTlebi, kompiuteris korpusebi, avtomobi-

lis nawilebi da sxva.

publikacia moamzada: pavle cagareiSvilmadizaini: irakli guledani

saqarTvelos mwvaneTa moZraoba/dedamiwis megobrebi saqarTvelo

saqarTvelo, Tbilisi, nucubiZis quCa #10atel/faqsi: (+995 32) 2399543; el-fosta: [email protected]

Web-gverdi: www.greens.ge www.cleanup.ge

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