sejazmishkatmishkat may 201105 mishkat may 2011 · 1390 2011 rs. 20/-vol : 30 mishkatmay 2011 issue...
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20111390
Rs. 20/-
May 2011Vol : 30 Issue No. 5
MISHKAT
Chairman : Hafiz Makhdoom Sharif
Editor : Ataul Mujeeb Lone Ph : 09815016879
Manager : Rafiq Ahmad Beig Ph : 09878047444
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They bel ieve that Hadhrat Al i share
prophethood with Muhammad (pbuh).
65. Tanasikhiya
They believe in the re-incarnation of soul.
66. Raji'yah
They believe that Hadhrat Ali ibn-abi-Talib
will return to this world.
67. Ahadiyah
They believe in the Fardh (obligations) in
faith but deny the sunnah.
68. Radeediyah
They believe that this world will live forever.
69. Satbiriyah
They do not believe in the acceptance of
repentance.
70. Lafziyah
They believe that Quran is not the word of
God but only its meaning and essence is the word
of God. Words of Quran are just the words of
narrator.
71. Ashariyah
The believe that Qiyas (taking a guess) is
wrong and amounts to disbelief.
72. Bada'iyah
They believe that obedience to Ameer is
obligatory no matter what he commands.
1: "Islamic Encyclopedia", Published by Munshi Mehboob 'Alim
(editor Newspaper Paisa, Lahore, Pakistan) p 570-572.
2:"Al-Farq Bain Al-Firaq", by Abu-Mansur 'abd-al-Kahir ibn-Tahir
al-Baghdadi, Translated into English by Kate Chambers Seelye,
Published by AMS Press, New York (1966).
3: "Kitab Lajawwab Masmay ba-Mazhab al-Islam" by Hakeem
Maulvi Muhammad Najam al-Ghani Rampuri Ist
Edition, Published by Munshi Nau Lakshoor Lakhnau (1924)
(source: alislam.org)
///
believe that Allah is able to create a thing but
unable to annihilate it.
54. Shahhamiyah / Sifatiyah
Followers of abu-Yaqub al-Shahham. They
believe that everything determined is determined
by two determiners, one the Creator and the other
acquirer.
55. Khaiyatiyah / Makhluqiyah
Followers of abu-al-Husain al-Khaiyat. They
believe that everything non-existant is a body
before it appears, like man before it is born is a
body in non-existance. Also that every attribute
becomes existant when it makes its appearance.
56. Ka'biyah
Followers of abu-Qasim Abdullah ibn-Ahmad
ibn-Mahmud al-Banahi known as al-Ka'bi. They
believe that Allah does not see Himself nor anyone
else except in the sense that He knows Himself
and others.
57. Jubbaiyah
Followers of abu-'Ali al-Jubbai. They believe
that Allah obeys His servants when He fulfill their
wish
58. Bahshamiyah
Followers of abu-Hashim. They believe that
one who desires to do a bad deed, though may not
do it, commits infidelity and deserves punishment.
59. Ibriyah
They believe that Holy Prophet (pbuh) was a
wise man but not a prophet.
60. Muhkamiyah
They believe that God has no control over
His creations.
61. Qabariyya
They do not believe in the punishment of
grave.
62. Hujjatiya
They do not believe in the punishment for
deeds on the grounds that because everything is
determined so whatever one does s/he is not
responsible for it..
63. Fikriyya
They believe that doing Dhikr and Fikr
(Remembering and thinking about Allah) is better
than worship.
64. 'Aliviyah / Ajariyah
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38
ibn-al-Hudhail. They believe that both Hell and
Paradise will perish and that preordination of Allah
can cease, at which time Allah will no longer be
omnipotent.
45. Nazzamiyah
Followers of abu-Ishaq Ibrahim ibn-Saiyar.
They do not believe in the miraculous nature of the
Holy Quran nor do they believe the miracles of
Holy Prophet (pbuh) like splitting the moon.
46. Mu'ammariyah
They Believe that Allah neither creates life
nor death but it is an act of the nature of living
body..
47. Bashriyah
Followers of Bashr ibn-al-Mu'tamir. They
believe that Allah may forgive a man his sins and
may change His mind about this forgiveness and
punish him if he is disobedient again.
48. Hishamiyah
Followers of Hisham ibn-'Amr al-Futi. They
believe that if a Muslim community come to
consensus it need an Imam and if it rebels and kills
its Imam, no one should be chosen an Imam
during a rebellion.
49. Murdariyah
Followers of Isa ibn-Sabih. They believe that
staying in close communication with the Sultan
(ruler) makes one unbeliever.
50. Ja'friyah
Followers of Ja'far ibn-Harb and Ja'far
ibn-Mubashshir. They believe that drinking raw
wine is not punishable and that punishment of hell
could be inferred by a mental process.
51. Iskafiyah
Followers of Muhammad ibn-Abdallah
al-Iskafi. They believe that Allah has power to
oppress children and madmen but not those who
have their full senses.
52. Thamamiyah
Fo l lowers o f Thamamah ibn-Ashras
al-Numairi. They believe that he whom Allah does
not compel to know Him, is not compelled to know
and is c lassed wi th an imals who are not
responsible.
53. Jahiziayh
Followers of 'Amr ibn-Bahr al-Jahiz. They
from or to slaves.
33. Akhnasiyah
They do not believe in waging a war except
in defense or when the opponent is known
personally.
34. Shaibaniyah / Mashbiyah
Followers of Shaiban ibn-Salamah al-Khariji.
They believe Allah resembles His creatures.
35. Rashidiyah
They believe that land watered by springs,
canals or flowing rivers should pay half the Zakat
(Tithe), while land watered by rain only should pay
the full Zakat.
36. Mukarramiyah / Tehmiyah
Followers of abu-Mukarram. They believe
that ignorance constitutes as disbelief. Also that
Allah enmity or friendship depends upon the state
of a persons belief at his death.
37. Ibadiyah / Af'aliyah
Consider Abdullah ibn-Ibad as their Imam.
They believe in doing good deeds without the
intention of pleasing Allah.
38. Hafsiyah
Consider Hafs ibn-abi-l-Mikdam as their
Imam. They believe that only knowing Allah frees
one from polytheism
39. Harithiya
Followers of Harith ibn-Mazid al-Ibadi. They
believe that the ability precedes the deeds.
40. Ashab Ta'ah
They believe that Allah can send a prophet
without giving him any sign to prove his prophecy.
41. Shabibiyah / Salihiyah
Followers of Shabib ibn-Yazid al-Shaibani.
They believe in the Imamate of a woman named
Ghazalah.
42. Wasiliyah
Followers of Wasil ibn-'Ata al-Ghazza. They
believe that those who commit major sins will be
punished in hell but still remain believers.
43. 'Amriyah
Followers of 'Amr ibn-Ubaid ibn-Bab. They
re ject the legal tes t imony of people f rom
supporters of either side of the battle of Camel.
44. Hudhailiyah / Faniya
Followers of abu-al-Hudhail Muhammad
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Followers of Nafi ibn-al-Azraq. They do not
believe in the good dreams and vision and claim
that all forms of revelation has ended.
22. Najadat
Followers of Najdah ibn-'Amir al-Hanafi. They
abolished the punishment for drinking wine also
they believed that sinners of this sect would not be
treated in hellfire but some other place before
allowed in paradise.
23. Sufriyah
Fol lowers of Ziyad ibn-al-Asfar. They
believed that sinners are in fact polytheists.
24. Ajaridah
Followers of Abd-al-Karim ibn-Ajrad. They
believed that a child should be called to Islam after
it has attained maturity. Also they believed booty of
war to be unlawful till the owner is killed.
25. Khazimiyah
They believe Allah loves men of all faiths
even if one has been disbeliever most of his life.
26. Shuaibiyah / Hujjatiyah
They believe that what Allah desires does
happen no matter what and what does not happen
it means Allah desires it not.
27. Khalafiyah
Followers of Khalaf. They do not believe in
fighting except under the leadership of an Imam.
28. Ma'lumiyah / Majhuliyah
They bel ieved tha t whoever d id not
recognize Allah by all His names was ignorant of
Him and anyone ignorant of Him was a disbeliever.
29 Saltiyah
Followers of Salt ibn-Uthman. They believed
in the conversion of adults only and if father has
converted to Islam children were considered
disbeliever till they reach maturity.
30. Hamziyah
Followers of Hamza ibn-Akrak. They believe
that children of polythiests are condemned to hell.
31. Tha'libiyah
Followers of Tha'labah ibn-Mashkan. They
believe that parents remain guardian over their
children of any age until children make it clear to
parents that they are turning away from truth.
32. Ma'badiyah
They did not believe in taking or giving alms
Followers of Muhammad ibn-'Ali al-Baqir.
They believe him to be the Imam Ghaib and
expected Mahdi.
10. Nadisiyah
They believe that those who consider
themselves better than anyone else are Kafirs
(disbelievers).
11. Sha'iyah
They believe that the one who has recited La
Ilaha Il-Allah (There is none worthy of worship
except Allah), whatever she or he does, will never
be punished.
12. Ammaliyah
They believe that faith for one is what he/she
sincerely practices.
13. Ismailiyah
They believe in the continuity of Imammate
among the descendants of Ismail ibn-Ja'far.
14. Musawiyah / Mamturah
They believe Musa ibn-Ja'far to be the Imam
Ghaib and expected Mahdi.
15. Mubarikiyah
They believe in the continuity of Imammate
among the descendants of Muhammad ibn-Ismail
ibn-Ja'far.
16. Kathiyah / Ithn 'Ashariya (the Twelvers)
They believe that expected Mahdi will be the
twelveth Imam among the descendants of 'Ali
ibn-abi-Talib.
17. Hashamiya / Taraqibiyah
They Predicate a body to Allah and also
allege Prophet (pbuh) of disobedience to Allah.
18. Zarariyah
They believed that Allah did not live nor had
any attributes till He created for Himself life and His
attributes.
19. Younasiyah
Followers of Younas ibn-'Abd-al-Rahman
al-Kummi. They believe that Allah is borne by
bearers of His Throne, though He is stronger than
they.
20. Shaitaniyah / Shireekiyah
They believed in the view that deeds of
servants of Allah are substances; and a servant of
Allah can really produce a substance.
21. Azraqiah
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40
because the two authors resided in different
regions (one in Arabia the other in Indo-Pak
subcontinent) at different times so perhaps the
same sects may have been known with different
names in different regions. I have tried to include
various names given to the same sect by both
authors where ever possible.
Name of the Sect
Basic Belief Distinguishing it from Others
1. Jarudiyah
Followers of Abu'l-Jarud, They believe
Prophet (pbuh) designated Ali (ra) as the Imam by
his characteristics but not by name.
2. Sulaimaniah / Jaririyah
Followers of Sulaiman ibn-Jarir al-Zaidi, They
believed Imamat was a matter of conference and
could be confirmed by two best Muslims.
3. Butriyah / Hurariyah
They did not dispute the Khilafat of Uthman,
neither they attack him nor praise him.
4. Yaqubiyya
They accepted the Khilafat of Abu Bakr and
Umar, but did not reject those who rejected these
Khulafaa. They a lso bel ieved that Muslim
committers of Major sins will be in hell fire forever.
5. Hanafiyah
Followers of the Imammate of Muhammad
ibn-al-Hanifah. They believe that Allah might have
had a beginning.
6. Karibiyah
They believed that Imam Muhammad
ibn-al-Hanifah is not dead and is the Imam Ghaib
(in disappearance) and the expected Mahdi.
7. Kamiliyah
Followers of abu-Kamil. They believed
companions to be heretic because they forsook
their allegiance to Ali and condemn Ali for ceasing
to fight them. They believed in the returning of the
dead before the Day of Resurrection and that
Satan is right in preferring fire to clay.
8. Muhammadiyyah / Mughairiyah
Followers of Muhammad ibn-'Abdullah
ibn-al-Hassan. They do not believe that Imam
Muhammad ibn-'Abdullah died and that he is Imam
Ghaib and awaited Mahdi.
9. Baqiriyah
Sects in IslamA number of lists are seen in the literature
giving the names of the sects. Two I used to
produce the following list are those of Islamic
encyclopedia published by Munshi Mehboob 'Alim
and that of abu-Mansur al-Baghdadi. Abu-Mansur
al-Baghdadi's list was produced around 10th
century AD and he has included an number of
political movement as separate sects. Such
movements differed from each other on the
question of leadership and had no theological
d i f fe rences and thus I be l ieve that such
movements can not be considered as independent
sect, so in my list I have not included such political
movements as independent sects. On the other
hand Munshi Mehboob 'Alim has included in his
list, sects which reject some of the fundamental
beliefs of Islam while abu-Mansur al-Baghdadi
does not consider them to be a part of Islam. For
example Ghullat and all its subsects believe in the
divinity of Ali, Zanadiqiyahs and some other sects
do not believe in the Day of Judgement etc. While
preparing the following list I agree with Baghdadi
and do not include such sects. Finally, Munshi
Mehboob 'Alim has listed two sects 'Aliviyah and
Ajariyah distinguishing between them on the basis
that one believes in the prophethood of Ali while
the other one believes that Ali was a partner in
prophethood. I consider these two to be one sect.
Other than the above mentioned differences the
two lists I used are identical except the fact that
Munshi Mehboob 'Alim divides the whole Ummah
into six major branches i.e. 1.Rafidiya, 2.Kharijiya,
3.Jabariyah, 4.Qadriyah, 5.Jahmiyah and 6.
Marjiyah. While abu-Mansur list the sects of
Jahmiyah under the main class Marjiyah and
Jabariyah under the Qadriya, thus dividing the
Ummah into only four major c lasses, i .e .
1.Rafidiyah, 2.Kharijiya, 3.Qadriya and 4. Marjiyah.
The only other difference found is that the two
authors sometimes use different names for the
same sect which becomes clear while looking at
the beliefs associated to them. This I believe is
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