BeachwellsBeachwells

Largest Beachwell  Seawater Catchment Facilities in the World,Catchment Facilities in the World,• 32 Vertical beachwells split into 3 clusters,

• 5 hectars of Karstic costal land dedicated t b h llto beachwells,

• 220,000 cubic meters per day of nominal pumping capacity,

• 80 meters depth wells individually,

• Very low Silt  Density Index of the raw water.water.

Pressure FiltersPressure Filters

High Speed Filtration Units for Seawater Pre‐treatment• 5 Dual Media pressure Filters• 5 Dual Media pressure Filters,

• 9 Single Media Filters,

• 11 Cartridge Filters for pre‐treated water polishing.g p p g

Reverse OsmosisReverse Osmosis

8 Reverse Osmosis first pass trains• 8 individual trains on first pass equipped• 8 individual trains on first pass equippedwith 7300 reverse osmosis membranes,

• 8 individual high efficiency work exchangersfor energy recoveryfor energy recovery,

• 8 high voltage high pressure pumps forpermeate production

4 Reverse Osmosis second passtrains for Boron removaltrains for Boron removal• Double stage trains for water recoveryimprovement,

4 i di id l t i i d ith 2800• 4 individual trains equipped with 2800reverse osmosis selective membranes forBoron removal

3D Plant View3D Plant View

Sydney SWROSydney SWRO

250,000 m3/D (66 MGD)

2007 –2010

US$0 8 Billion (plant/intake/outfallUS$0.8 Billion (plant/intake/outfall only)

Design & Construct

SydneySydney

Client: Sydney Water Corporation (SWC)Type of Contract: Design, Build & OperateProduct Flow: 66 MGD (250 ML/Day)Product Quality: <115 ppm TDS 0 4 ppm BoronProduct Quality: <115 ppm TDS, 0.4 ppm Boron• Provides 15% of the total water to Sydney• Three (3) permits required( ) p q

Kurnell ResidentsKurnell Residents

Caltex Refinery

Towra Point 

( Ramsar Wetland)

Caltex Refinery

Towra Point 

( Ramsar Wetland)

Caltex Refinery 

Approx 300m

Inlet Riser

Caltex Refinery 

Approx 300m

Inlet Risers

Serenity Cove 

Film Studios

Serenity Cove 

Film Studios Botany Bay National Park 

Approx Site 

BoundaryTunnels

(Approx 

alignment)

Approx Site 

BoundaryTunnels

(Approx 

alignment)

Desalination Plant 

Construction Site

Desalination Plant 

Construction Site

Outlet 

Riser

Outlet 

Risers

Sydney Process FlowSydney Process Flow

SydneySydney

PretreatmentPretreatment

Operation at 33%-66% with all filters online –Operation at 33% 66% with all filters online • > low filtration rate (<4m/h)• SDI<3, filtration cycles > 55 hoursSDI 3, filtration cycles 55 hours• No acid dosing => better Boron rejection on the 1st pass and less

NaOH dosing

Operating at 100%• Filtration rate 6.7 m/h• Filtration cycle >40 hours• SDI < 3 at all times

F i lf t d t 7 9 /L• Ferric sulfate dose-rate 7-9 mg/L• Influent turbidity 2 NTU, up to 10 NTU during shock chlorination

Fujairah 2 SWRO/MEDj /

Hybrid Plant ‐ SWRO 136,000 m3/D (36 MGD) – MED 455,000 m3/D (120 MGD) – combined 156 MGD

2007 –20102007  2010

US$860 Million (SWRO & MED)

Design & Construct

F2 LocationF2 Location

Project SpecificsProject Specifics

ProcessProcess

3D View SWRO3D View SWRO

Site ConditionsSite Conditions

17

KindasaKindasa

Kindasa, 25,500 m3/Day (6.7 MGD) SWRO – Media Filtration followed by UF

Kindasa : Plant OverviewKindasa : Plant Overview

Self cleaning StrainersBrine to Outfall

Ng

ass RO Acid storage and 

pre treatments pmen

t

1stp pre treatment 

chemical dosing

st Pass HP Pu

mps

 Boo

sters

e do

sing

 equ

ip

BackwashO

Pre treatmentChemical dosing Seawater Intake

1s &

Lime

Post treatment

Raw Seawater in

BackwashTankBackwash

Pumps

Substation

2nd pass ROPost treatment

Chemical dosingRaw Seawater

Filtered Seawater

Ultra‐filtered SeawaterSubstationMV & LV SwitchgearVariable Speed drivesAdmin & Control Building

Permeate

Brine

HV/MV Transformers

MV/LV TransformersProduct to Storage Tank

150m

Ashkelon – 326,000 m3/Day (86 MGD) SWRO

Considerations

Pre‐treatment options

Evolving technologies

Short term

Medium term

Long term

Costingg

Siting

Pre‐treatment Options

Desal Plants, Evolving TechnologiesDesal Plants, Evolving TechnologiesShort termE i i h l i i i• Existing technologies, minor improvements

• Brine management, i.e. ZDD

M di tMedium term• Nano‐membranes (up to 15% reduction in energy), huge impact on the over 100,000 SWRO membranes we have installed ,worldwide

Long term• Forward osmosis

• Alternate membranes

• Bi‐products from brine 

Financial Considerations, CapexFinancial Considerations, CapexIdentifying obstacles to cost‐effective operations

L l ll l lLarge scale vs. smaller scale plants

Location• Cost of land

• Proximity to existing potable water distribution network

P i it t l t i l t k• Proximity to electrical power network

Public Outreach

Plant Availability

Intake & Pre‐treatment Selection• Subsurface vs. open intake

• Quality of water with incidence on number of process steps

Environmental & Permitting Concerns associated with above

Financial Considerations, Opex

Up to 50% of the Opex costs can be in energy consumption

Financial Considerations, Opex

Energy Consumption• Minimize the process train, eliminate pumpspumps

• Use latest proven energy recovery devices

• Plan for future developments (i.e. b )membranes, etc)

• Length and head losses of distribution network

Chemical ConsumptionChemical Consumption• Reduce the amount of chemicals needed by minimizing the pre‐treatment process

• Minimize the amount of waste created

Others• Consider life cycle costs when designing y g gand constructing the plant

Citing Selection & ChallengesCiting Selection & Challenges

Subsurface intake• Reduces power consumption by 5‐10%

• Reduces chemical consumption by 5‐10%

R d th ll f t i t f th l t b 10 20%• Reduces the overall footprint of the plant by 10‐20%

• Reduces impingement & entrainment issues  

Existing Potable water networkExisting Potable water network• Reduces overall cost

• Permitting and land issues• Permitting and land issues

Existing Power network• Reduces overall cost• Reduces overall cost

ConclusionConclusion

N i l t t t f ll li tiNo single pre‐treatment for all applications

Incorporate lessons learnt

Ad t t l l i t & ltAdapt to local environment & culture

THANK YOU