shariah program online - lesson 2 الفعل الماضي the past-tense verb

Shariah Program Online - Lesson 2

الماضي الماضي الفعل الفعل

The Past-Tense Verb The Past-Tense Verb


The past-tense patternThe past-tense pattern

The selected pattern for the active The selected pattern for the active voice past-tense in three-lettered voice past-tense in three-lettered verbs is: verbs is: عل علف ف

Each of the three base letters is Each of the three base letters is vowelled with avowelled with a e.g. e.g. ر رنص he (he) نصhelped), helped), لس لسج .(he sat). (he sat) ج


Suffixes for the past-tense Suffixes for the past-tense verbverb

Recall that verb conjugation in Arabic Recall that verb conjugation in Arabic is done with designated letters coming is done with designated letters coming at the end of the verbs to reflect the at the end of the verbs to reflect the three aspects; gender, plurality and three aspects; gender, plurality and person of the subject. This person of the subject. This arrangement results in a table of 14 arrangement results in a table of 14 “seeghas”: six for the third person, “seeghas”: six for the third person, three masculine and three feminine, six three masculine and three feminine, six for the second person, and just two for for the second person, and just two for the first person the first person


Pronoun Suffixes for the Pronoun Suffixes for the Past TensePast Tense

Conjugation #1Conjugation #1 The first conjugation, singular The first conjugation, singular

masculine third person does not masculine third person does not have a suffix. The pronoun for it have a suffix. The pronoun for it i.e. ‘he’ is always implied - i.e. ‘he’ is always implied - ف�ع�ل�ف�ع�ل�


Person GenderPluralit

yEnglish

EquivalentArabic

صيغه

3rd Masculine

Singular He ف�ع�ل� 1

Conjugation Table (Conjugation Table ( الفعل الفعل ((الماضيالماضي


Conjugation #2Conjugation #2

For the dual, the suffix is an For the dual, the suffix is an اا after after the last base letter - the last base letter - فعالفعال


Person

Gender PluralityEnglish

Equivalent

Arabicصيغ

ه

3rd Masculine


Dual (2) They (M2) الفع 2

Conjugation Table (Conjugation Table ( الفعل الفعل((الماضيالماضي



For the plural masculine, it is aFor the plural masculine, it is a و�و� with awith a on the third base letter – on the third base letter –

فعلوافعلوا Note theNote the اا after the after the و�و� is silent and is silent and

not pronounced.not pronounced.



Person GenderPlurality

English Equivalent

Arabicصيغه

3rd Masculine



Plural (>2)

They (M>2)لوفع

ا3



For the singular feminine third For the singular feminine third

person, the ending is a person, the ending is a فعل�ت�فعل�ت�- - ت�ت�



Person

Gender

PluralityEnglish Equivalent

Arabic صيغه

3rd

Masculine



Plural (>2) They (M>2) لوافع 3

Feminine

Singular She � ت�فعل 4



For the dual feminine 3For the dual feminine 3rdrd person, person,

the suffix is a the suffix is a تا - - تاتا� �تافعل فعل



Person

Gender

PluralityEnglish Equivalent

Arabic صيغه

3rd

Masculine



Plural (>2)

They (M>2) لوافع 3

Feminine


Dual (2) They (F2) � تافعل 5



From number six (3rd person feminine From number six (3rd person feminine plural) onwards, something unique plural) onwards, something unique happens. The third base letter i.e. the happens. The third base letter i.e. the

position’ becomes sakin and position’ becomes sakin and لل ‘ ‘remains this way until the end of the remains this way until the end of the table. The suffix is added after the table. The suffix is added after the sukoon. For the third person feminine sukoon. For the third person feminine

plural, the suffix is plural, the suffix is ن� - -ن�ن�� فعل�ن�فعل




English Equivalent

Arabic صيغه

3rd

Masculine



Plural (>2)


Feminine



Plural (>2)

They (F>2) � ن�فعل 6



For singular masculine second For singular masculine second

person the suffix is a person the suffix is a فعل�ت�فعل�ت� - - ت�ت�



English Equivalent

Arabic صيغه

3rd

Masculine



Plural (>2)


Feminine



Plural (>2)


2nd Masculine Singular You (M) � ت�فعل 7




For dual masculine second person For dual masculine second person

the suffix is the suffix is تما - - تماتما� �تمافعل فعل


Person

Gender PluralityEnglish Equivalent

Arabic صيغه

3rd

Masculine



Plural (>2)


Feminine



Plural (>2)


2ndMasculin

e

Singular You (M) � ت�فعل 7

Dual (2) You (M2) � تمافعل 8




For plural masculine second person For plural masculine second person

the suffix is the suffix is تم� - - تمتم� �تم�فعل فعل


Person

Gender PluralityEnglish Equivalent

Arabic صيغه

3rd

Masculine



Plural (>2)

They (M>2) الوفع 3

Feminine



Plural (>2)


2ndMasculin

e



Plural (>2)

You (M>2) � تم�فعل 9




For singular feminine second For singular feminine second

person the suffix is person the suffix is فعل�ت�فعل�ت� - - ت�ت�


PersonGende

rPlurality

English Equivalent

Arabicصيغه

3rd

Masculine



Plural (>2)

They (M>2) الوفع 3

Feminine



Plural (>2)


2nd

Masculine



Plural (>2)


Feminine

Singular You (F) � ت�فعل 10



Conjugation #11 & #12Conjugation #11 & #12

For dual feminine second person For dual feminine second person

the suffix is the suffix is تما - - تماتما� �تمافعل فعل For plural, For plural, تن� - - تن�تن�� تن�فعل فعل


Person Gender PluralityEnglish Equivalent

Arabicصيغه

3rd

Masculine



Plural (>2) They (M>2) الوفع 3

Feminine



Plural (>2) They (F>2) � ن�فعل 6

2nd

Masculine


Dual (2) You (M2)� تمفعل

ا8

Plural (>2) You (M>2) �ت م�فعل 9

Feminine


Dual (2) You (F2)� تمفعل

ا11

Plural (>2) You (F>2) � تن�فعل 12


First Person: #13 & #14First Person: #13 & #14

For the singular first person, For the singular first person, تت - - �ت �تفعل فعل

For the plural, For the plural, نا -- نانا� �نافعل فعل


Person Gender Plurality English EquivalentArabi

cصيغه

3rd

Masculine



Plural (>2)


Feminine



Plural (>2)


2nd

Masculine



Plural (>2)


Feminine


Dual (2) You (F2) � تمافعل 11

Plural (>2)

You (F>2) � تن�فعل 12

1stMasculine

and Feminine

Singular I (M/F) � تفعل 13

Plural (≥2)

We (M/F≥2) � نافعل 14


Passive Voice Passive Voice ((ه�ول �ه�ولمج � ((مج The pattern for the The pattern for the

passive voice passive voice conjugation table is conjugation table is constructed from the constructed from the active by:active by:

a) Changing the a) Changing the vowelling of the vowelling of the second to last letter tosecond to last letter to �� if it is not already if it is not already �� andand

b) Changing the vowel b) Changing the vowel of the of the فف position toposition to . .

Recall in the passive Recall in the passive voice the verb is voice the verb is directed towards directed towards the object and the the object and the subject is missing subject is missing e.g. he was helped. e.g. he was helped.

In the passive In the passive gardaan it’s the gardaan it’s the object whose three object whose three aspects are being aspects are being reflected by the reflected by the suffixes. suffixes.


Negative Verbs Negative Verbs ((نفي ((منفيم

By placing the particle ‘ By placing the particle ‘ ماما ’ ’ in front of in front of both the active and passive voice both the active and passive voice patterns, the verbs become negative e.g. patterns, the verbs become negative e.g.

�ص�ر� ماما �ص�ر�ن ن (he did not help),(he did not help), نص�ر�نص�ر� ماما (he was (he was not helped).not helped).

The suffixes for all of these past-tense The suffixes for all of these past-tense tables are the same. By memorizing the tables are the same. By memorizing the first, then merely understanding the first, then merely understanding the slight differences in the others, one will slight differences in the others, one will have covered four distinct conjugation have covered four distinct conjugation tables: tables:


ماضي م�عورف ماضي م�عورف ) simple past-tense active positive ( : simple past-tense active positive :ف�ع�ل�ف�ع�ل��ت �ب �تمث �ب ( ( مث

ماضي ماضي ) simple past-tense passive positive (: simple past-tense passive positive :ما ف�ع�ل�ما ف�ع�ل��ت �ب �تم�ج�هول مث �ب (( م�ج�هول مث

ماضي ماضي ) simple past-tense active negative ( : simple past-tense active negative :فع�ل�فع�ل�(( م�عورف م�نفيم�عورف م�نفي

م�نفيم�نفي) simple past-tense passive negative (:simple past-tense passive negative:ما فع�ل�ما فع�ل�

ماضيماضي م�ج�هولم�ج�هول ))

shariah program online - lesson 2 الفعل الماضي the past-tense verb

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