Soldier-Vehicle Integration: a TTCP Approach

Michel B. DuCharme1, Pierre Urgings2, Mark Unewisse2, Colin Mooney3, James Carr4

1DRDC, Canada, 2DSTO, Australia, 3Dstl, UK, 4AMSSA, USA.

September 21-22, 2010

Château Cartier

Gatineau, Que.

Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap Human and Systems Integration Workshop

• Overview of TTCP Land TP-2

• Land Systems Integration: a SoS Approach

• Soldier – Vehicle Integration Study• Integrated Soldier – Vehicle Protection• Networked Soldier – Vehicle Integration

• Land Systems Integration Laboratory (SIL): a TP-2 Vision in Development

• Conclusions

OUTLINEOUTLINE

Overview of TTCP Land TP-2

• TP-2: Land Systems Integration• Provides a focus and mechanism to facilitate collaborative programs

of work within the land systems and SoS integration domain, aimed at maintaining/enhancing the land force capability

• Focus Areas: Land Force Networking, Protection and Adaptability.

TheTechnicalCooperationProgram

 Australia - Canada - New Zealand - United Kingdom - United States of America

Land Systems Integration: a SoS Approach

GPS

Comms

Coalition

MaritimeOS

AEW&C ISR

Joint

Land

Air OS

Air OS

GBAD

CVS

ARH

Op LevelUAV

Inf

IFWS

TroopLift

TUAV

SF

HQs

GPS

Comms

Coalition

MaritimeOS

AEW&C ISR

Joint

Land

Air OS

Air OS

GBAD

CVS

ARHARH

Op LevelUAV

Inf

IFWS

TroopLift

TUAV

SF

HQs

Definition of terms:

Integration: working seamlessly together; forming into one whole

Adaptation: Improving the fit with the environment

System of Systems (SoS): A complex meta-system exhibiting dynamic and emergent behaviours. The nature of the SoS problem space requiresconsideration of the technical, human/social, managerial, organizational, policy and political dimensions.

Land Systems Integration: a SoS Approach

Definition of terms:

Integration: working seamlessly together; forming into one whole

Adaptation: Improving the fit with the environment

System of Systems (SoS): A complex meta-system exhibiting dynamic and emergent behaviours. The nature of the SoS problem space requiresconsideration of the technical, human/social, managerial, organizational, policy and political dimensions.

There are tradeoffs to making a SoS more integrated, robust, resilient, flexible, responsive or agile (cost in efficiency + cost of adaptation). Yet when considering the long term costs of disruptions, risks are better managed and overall effectiveness is improved.

Land Systems Integration: a SoS Approach

The individual war-fighting elements will have been produced by:- a large number of separate projects;- supplied by a range of manufacturers and contractors;- focussing at optimizing the individual capabilities;- integration into a wider force is a secondary consideration.

Other contributing factors to the integration challenge includes:- increasing complexity of individual land systems;- impact of COTS/MOTS acquisition processes;- acquisition in small, separate sub-components over a decade;- ongoing mixture of new and legacy capabilities.

SoS integration can be addressed by considering systems integration as a non-linear space defined by 3 dimensions: system characteristics, sub-systems, scale.

Land environment is composed of hundreds of nodes having a complex web ofInterdependencies.

Land Systems Integration: a SoS Approach

WeightPowerSpace

Thermal LoadingSignatures

Electronic Arch.Info Arch.Info. Man.EMC/EMI

Human FactorsSA

Culture/AcceptanceTraining

OrganisationDoctrine / TTPs

EnvironmentRobustness

Config. Man.SI T&E

Overall SI

Ch

ara

cte

rist

ics

Combat Team…

Soldier/Vehicle/Aircraft …Soldier – Vehicle

HQ / Battlegroup

…Scale

Combat Team…

Soldier/Vehicle/Aircraft …Soldier – Vehicle

HQ / Battlegroup

…Scale

C2 Netw

orking

Effects / L

ethality

Sensors / ISR

Protectio

n

Mobility

Sustainment

Capability

Effectiv

eness

Adaptivity

Conceptual Sub-Systems

Integration AcrossCharacteristicsIntegration AcrossCharacteristics

Admin & Pers

Non-LinearInterdependencies& Tradeoffs

Non-LinearInterdependencies& Tradeoffs

Integration AcrossSub-SystemsIntegration AcrossSub-SystemsIntegration AcrossSub-Systems

Systems integration trade space defined by the integration across the SIcharacteristics, conceptual sub-systems and the scale of the SoS.

Soldier – Vehicle Integration Study- Integrated Soldier – Vehicle Protection- Networked Soldier – Vehicle Integration

Objective of the study:

Collect information on integration issues among the TTCP nations relatedto protection and networking between the dismounted soldiers and the vehicles.

Methodology:

Interviews were conducted late spring/early summer 2010 among the militaryand scientific communities of experts by 4 nations.In Canada, the following organisations were invited to participate:

- DLR-3, DLR-5- DSSPM- DLCSM- DAVM5-3- DSTL 2, DSTL-5- DRDC Valcartier, Suffield, Toronto, Ottawa

Soldier – Vehicle Integration Study- Integrated Soldier – Vehicle Protection

Integration Issues raised (by category):

- Physical integration of protected soldiers into vehicles (11)- Impact of differing roles of vehicle crew and passengers (4)- Dismounted soldier entry and exit from vehicles (3)- Turret layout and the helmet/fragmentation vest (2)- Ergonomics of the internal vehicle (6)- Medivac in vehicles (2)- Exposed crew and protection (2)- Thermal loading and protection (2)- Impact of protection countermeasures (5)- Enhance force protection training (1)- Soldier-vehicle network integration (4)- Use of remote/autonomous vehicles (3)- Acquisition approaches (4)- Vehicle related integration issues (5)- Soldier related integration issues (5)Report:Urlings P, Unewisse M, DuCharme MB, Mooney C, Carr J. Integrated Soldier-Vehicule Protection. TTCP Technical Report TR-LND-TP2-002-2010, 2010.

Soldier – Vehicle Integration Study- Networked Soldier – Vehicle Integration

Integration Issues raised (by category):

- Soldiers as crew within the vehicle (8)- Soldiers as passengers in infantry transport vehicles (9)- Integration of dismounted soldiers with infantry transport vehicles (10)- Integration of dismounted soldiers with other combat/support vehicles (9)- Integration of dismounted soldiers with vehicle controlled UAVs/UGVs and sensor arrays (1)-Integration of dismounted soldiers controlled UAVs/UGVs with vehicles (3)

Report:Urlings P, Unewisse M, DuCharme MB, Mooney C, Carr J. Networked Soldier-vehicle Integration. TTCP Technical Report TR-LND-TP2-001-2010, 2010.

Land SIL: a TP-2 Vision in development

Objectives:

1- Identify activities, existing capabilities and best practices in TTCP nations;

2- Propose a vision for a distributed (i.e. multi-national, multi-sites, multi-laboratories) and multidisciplinary (sensors, weapons, protection, C4ISR, human factors, etc.) land system integration capacity exploiting a combination of virtual, simulated and real assets.

Conclusions

There is considerable challenges (100 were identified by our study) to be addressed in the integration of soldier-vehicle protection and networking.

There is a substantial need for a SoS approach to achieve protection and networked soldier-vehicle integration that is adaptable.

There is a need to develop tools and analysis techniques to supportevaluation of alternative concepts and designs in a SoS context.

An approach proposed by TP-2 is the development of a multinationaland distributed System Integration Laboratory for land systems.