SPICAの現状と国際協力による計画の推進

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Toru YamadaISAS, JAXA

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PIs

Peter R. Roelfsema (SRON) –SPICA lead/SAFARI Principal Investigator

芝井さんJAXA SPICA PI

ESA is not involved during the periodbetween AO and first selectionfor study .... ”black out”

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Current Status of SPICA■ ESA‐led mission with JAXA as a major partner.

■ In JAXA, SPICA is in Phase A1 and located as a   unique candidate for the 3rd slot (after XARM) of Strategic L‐Class in 2020’s. 

At ESA, SPICA is proposed for CosmicVison‐M5.SPICA survived the initial assessment for affordability.Selection for first study is likely within 2017,then final down selection within ~2.5 years.Then Mission Adoption within ~ 2 years. 

Potential international collaboration with US (JPL)and Taiwan.

5SPICA SAFARI Consortium Meeting @ Groningen 2016

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SPICA Focal Plane Configuration Discussion2017 June

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SPICA JAXA’sInternationalScience AdvisoryBoard Meeting

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ESA Cosmic Vision M5 Proposal Submitted

Proposal Due Date was Oct 5, 2016

@ ESA

2016-2017 summer- Assessment of cost, schedule, andtechnical affordability.For those proposals that ESA considers NOT affordable, they will not proceedto further Science Evaluation.SPICA survived.

- Based on the Science Evaluation,ESA will select ~3 proposals for study (“Selection for Study”) ,likely by the end of 2017

Specifications• ESA‐led mission                                    

with large JAXA contribution• ‘Planck configuration’                      

Size: 4.5 m x 5.2 m (DxH)Mass: 3450 kg (wet)V‐grooves

• 2.5 meter telescope, T < 8 K              Warm launch, cryogen‐free

• Wavelength coverage 12 ‐ 350 μmMIR spectroscopy and imaging – SMIFIR spectroscopy – SAFARI/SPECFIR polarimetry – SAFARI/POL

• ‘Standard’ Herschel/Planck SVM      • Japanese H3 launcher, L2 orbit• 5 year goal lifetime                                 

Cryocooler

Launcher

FIR instrument SAFARI

NL-led consortium: European countries, Canada, US

MIR instrument SMI

PayloadModule

Telescope(ESA)

ServiceModule

Focal Plane Instruments

Unveiling the obscured Universe

Raw sensitivity improvement >2 orders of magnitudeInstantaneous full spectra  huge step in efficiency

Science objectives• What processes govern star formation 

across cosmic time ‐ what starts it, controls it and stops it?

• What is the origin and composition of the first dust, and how does this relate to present day dust processing?

• What is the thermal and chemical history of the building blocks of planets?

SPICA Data Center

<8K

SPICA

106 reduction in background!

Cooling Telescope to reduce thermal background

Changes of mineral and ice properties in debris disks

Enrichment of the Universe with metal and dust, leading to the formation of habitable worldsMetal and dust enrichment through galaxy evolution

Planetary formation Planetary formation to habitable systems

Dust evolution in planet-forming disks to solar system analogues

Spatially-resolved,high-z analogs or relics

Over the peak of the cosmic star-formation history

Star/Galaxy formationFirst mineral, aromatics

gStar formation indistant galaxies

Star formation in nearby galaxies

Dust-obscured AGNs and AGN outflow

Gas dissipation in proto-planetary disks p gGas dissipation in

planet-forming disks

Science Goals

100x sensitivity in FIR spectroscopyThan Herschel, thanks tocooling and low‐noise detectors HR provides 

higher resolution than JWST MIRI

Wide‐area LRS and imaging at MIR

From SPICA M5 Proposal

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Key Science Probes in Infrared WavelengthDiagnostics withHII and PDR lines,and metallicity measurement in the obscured region

Important molecular lines to trace gas mass and kinematics,

Dust features, composition, traced only by IR observations

Water, vapor and ice

From SPICA M5 Proposal

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Diagnostics with IR Fine-structure Lines

From SPICA M5 Proposal

Examples of diagnostics by IR line:[OIV] tracing higher ionization

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SPICA SAFARI1h

SPICA SAFARI10h

Diagnostics with IR Fine-structure Lines

SFR-Mstellar relation at z~2 and SPICA sensitivity

SFR

M(stellar)

1.5 < z < 2.5“Main Sequenceat z~2”

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Baryon Recycle

SPICA observes all basic physical processes in baryon recycle From SPICA M5 Proposal

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Proto Planetary DiskSPICA observes gas dissipation inplanet-forming disks(HD lines, kinematics).

SPCIA observes water (H2O) vaporand ice in spectroscopy

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PayloadModule(PLM)

ServiceModule(SVM)

Sun (-z axis)

ScienceInstrumentAssembly(SIA)

CryogenicAssembly(CRYO)

SMI/LR

SAFARI

FAS#2

FAS#1

SMI/MR-HR

SPICA Outlook Overview (from M5 proposal)

Science Instrument Assembly

Satellite architecture is like that of Planck,“V-grooves” works for radiation to cool the telescope

Designs will be further studiedin phase A

SPICA Mission Payload Instruments (M5)

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The SAFARI/SPEC focalplane unit.

Optical layout for SMI/MR-HR (left) and SMI/LR with SMI/CAM (right).

SMISPICA MIR Instrument・LRS R=50, SiSb

17-36μｍ・Camera 10’x12’, SiSb

@ 34μｍ・MRS R=1300-2300, SiSb

18-36μm・HRS R=28000 SiAs

12-18μｍImmarsed Grating

SAFARI/SPEC, /POLSPICA FIR InstrumentTES Bolometer Arrays operated at 50mKNEP of 2 x 10-19 W/√Hz・LR R=300, 34-230μｍ, grating・HR R=1500-11000 34-230μm

Martin-Puplett FTS+grating/POL infrared polarimetry imager

MIR Instrument （SMI）

Telescope

(NAOJ)

SPICA Data Center

Launcher

Science CommunityJP, Europe, US,,,

Bus Module

Payload Module

Cryocooler

FIR Spectrometer（SAFARI）

NL + European countries + Canada & US

Focal Plane Attitude Sensor

Work‐sharing plan  (to be updated @ Phase A)

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Focal Plane InstrumentAssembly

名古屋大学を中心とするSMI コンソーシアム

Plan for SPICA Ground Segment

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Current Status of SPICA■ In JAXA, SPICA is in Phase A1 

(Concept Development, to define System Requirements)

- Pay Load Module StudyDesign of the Cooling Module

- Study for mechanical coolersCCCTP (Cryogenic Chain Core Technology Program)

- Focal Plane AssemblyDesign of the focal plane configuration and resource balance.

- SMI StudyDetectors, Design of instrument configuration and operation

- Science plan development, Data management plan development

Phase A1a (before the “first selection for study” by ESA)Phase A1b (after the selection, developing system requirements)

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SPICA と 国際協力

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海外ミッション NASA分野 カテゴリ 総額 間隔 例

NASA A Flagship / Great Observatories

> $1‐2B ~10年 HST (90), Compton (91),  Chandra (99), Spitzer (03) , Fermi (08), JWST (18), WFIRST (25?)

A Discovery $425M 1‐2年 Kepler (06)

A MIDEX $180‐200M+launch

~4年? XTE(95), FUSE(98), WMAP(01),Swift(04), WISE(09)

A SMEX $120M+launch ~4年? SWAS(98), GALEX(03), NuSTAR(12),IXPE (?)

A EX TESS(18)

H MIDEX $180‐200M+launch

~4年? ACE(97), IMAGE(00), THEMIS(07)

H SMEX $120M+launch ~4年? SAMPEX(92), FAST(96), TRACE(98), RHESSI(02), AIM(07), IBEX(08),IRIS(13)

H STP TIMED(01), Hinode 06 [ISAS], STEREO(06), MMS(11)

A=AstrophysicsP=Planetary ScienceH=Helio‐physics

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分野 カテゴリ 総額 間隔 例

NASA P Flagship $1‐2B 10年 Viking 1‐2 (75), Voyager (77),Galileo(89), Cassini (97), Mars Science Laboratory (11), MARS2020 (20), Europa (?)

P New Frontier

~ $1B ~5年 New Horizons (06), JUNO (11), OSIRIS‐Rex(16)

P Discovery $425M+Launch

1‐2年 NEAR‐Shoemaker (96), Luna Prospector (97), Stardust (99), Genesis (01), CONTOUR (03),  Mars Pathfinder (03), MESSENGER (04), Deep Impact (05), EPOXI(05), DAWN (07), GRAIL(11), InSight (18)

P MARS Exploration(Mariner, Viking, Mars Surveyor’98,

Mariner (62), Viking (75), Observer (92), Global Surveyor (96), Climate Orbiter (98), Polar Lander (99), Odyssey (01), Exploration Rover (Spirits, Opportunity) (03), Reconnaissance Orbiter (05), Phoenix (07,SCOUT), Science Laboratory (Curriosity) (11), MAVEN (13, SCOUT)

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今後の海外ミッションへの協力 (NASA)分野 カテゴリ 計画 日本の貢献 現状

NASA A Flagship / Great Observatories

WFIRST (24) WFIRST WG LoC 準備中

将来計画 (~30) STDTオブザーバ ４分野での検討

A SMEX(AO2016)

IXPE 旧PRAXyS WG 中心に貢献案

A EX TESS (18) 研究者個別にチーム参加

JAXA 関与無し？2018 打ち上げ予定

P New Frontier

New Flontier 4(2017 Jan AO)

プロポーザルへの参加

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海外ミッションへの協力 (ESA)カテゴリ 総額 間隔 分野 例

ESA Cosmic Vision  ‐ L

> €1B ~10年 P JUICE (22)

A ATHENA (28)

FP L3 [LISA] (32)

CosmicVision ‐ M

€450‐550M ~3年 H Solar Orbiter (18) 

A Euclid (21), PLATO (24)

? M4 (27),  M5(29)

Cosmic Vision ‐ S

A CHEOPS (17)

H SMILE (21)

On‐going P Bepi Colombo (18)

In Operation / Previous

A XMM(99), INTEGRAL(02), Herschel (09), Plank (09), GAIA (13)

FP LISA‐Pathfinder (15)

H SOHO (95), PROBA2 (09)

P Huygens(97), Cluster(00), Double Star(03), Mars Express(03), Rosetta (04),  Venus Express (05), ExoMars (16)

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今後の海外ミッションへの協力 (ESA)カテゴリ 分野 計画 日本の貢献 現状

ESA Cosmic Vision  ‐ L

P JUICE (22) 小規模ミッション機器

Phase A相当

A ATHENA (28) 冷凍機などATHENA WG

CCC‐TPで検討など

FP L3 [LISA] (32) ‐ 日本の協力の可能性？

CosmicVision ‐ M

A Euclid (21) すばる観測提案 JAXA コミット無し

PLATO (24) ‐

? M4 (27) ‐ ARIEL / THOR / XIPE

M5(29) SPICA Pre‐Project準備チーム

SPICA提案

Cosmic Vision ‐ S

A CHEOPS (18) ‐

H SMILE (21) ‐

On‐going P Bepi Colombo (18) MMO 2018 打ち上げ

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SPICA Old Proposal

JAXA-led Mission- Proposed to ISAS in 2005

At ESA,- In 2007, proposed for the ESA Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 program. SPICA was selected for study as a candidate M-class mission, with the character of "Mission of Opportunity“.

- 2007-2009 Assessment by ESA- In late 2009/early 2010, the revised proposal was submitted.- SPICA entered an extended study phase in early 2010.

(not yet implementation, as the phase to be coordinatedwith the JAXA project phase)

- In 2013, discussion between ISAS/JAXA and ESA concluded that the scheme for SPICA was not compatible with a timely and robust implementation of the mission.

What happened since 2013

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■ Original SPICA proposal (before 2013, international project) was turned out not affordable in JAXA

・ Cost / Technical Readiness / Man-power Resources・ FY2014 budget was not funded (only small R&D approved)

■ PLAN B SPICA (2013-14) “3m-class”・ SCI (coronagragh), FPC-S were not selected for the baseline ・ JAXA Lead, Larger workshare for ESA ・ Cosmic Vision M4 ・ Japanese Government

Basic Plan on Space Policy (Jan. 25, 2013)

■ Revision on 2015 (PLAN D) “2.5m, 8K, spectroscopy”・ EＳＡ Concurrent Design Facility (CDF) Study・ BUSESA Cryogenic PLM JAXA・ International Science Preview (2015 July, at Paris)

JAXA Revision of SPICA in 2015

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■ In 2015, re-definition of the SPICA Mission was made New SPICA (for ESA CV M5 + JAXA Strategic L-Class)

・ Revised Design of the Mission Payload Telescope Primary Mirror Φ2.5m, 8K , Cryogenic-system with ‘V-Groove’ (Planck-like configuration)

・ Optimization of Science Instruments・ Higher sensitivity, more powerful facility as a result・ Targeting launch at 2027-28* (3rd slot of JAXA L-Class in 2020’s)

* to be adjusted with the X-ray Recovery Mission schedule

■ Strong Intention to Proceed SPICA byISAS Director General Saku Tsuneta’s Letter on Nov 25, 2015http://www.ir.isas.jaxa.jp/SPICA/SPICA_HP/index-en.html

Large‐size Under selectionLiteBIRD, Solar‐Power‐Sail Trojan

Strategic L-class missions with HIIA/H3

ESA‐Led SPICA

Martian MoonseXplorer (MMX)

XARMX‐ray AstronomyRecovery Mission

Strategic Large Missions (300M$ class) for JAXA-led flagship science mission with HIIA/H3 vehicle (3 in ten years) FY2020

FY2024

FY2026‐27*

FY2027‐28*

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*Current target

Potential International Collaboration

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■ Collaboration with Taiwan (ASIAA)

- ISAS Director of International Strategy and Coordination(Toru Yamada) visited ASIAA (2017 Jan)

- scope: SMI detector procurement and characterization

- ASIAA Phase A proposal submitted

■ JPL

- potential collaboration in consultation for SMI detector procurement and testing has been discussed.

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No summary, but a few notes (TY)

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Notes of SPICA international collaboration New experience, especially for ISAS,

to coordinate ~$B mission

It is, say, “international dance”, or, “egg and chicken”Two agencies, not just the teams, made efforts(e.g., ESA-CDF) to find an affordable solution.

ISAS allocated SPICA as a candidate for Strategic-L 3rd slot, that is a big message that ISAS has intentionto commit, if the proposal can be well developed.It is also based on GOPIRA’s conclusion to prioritize SPICA (if it realizes before 2030).

Still, it is in a peer review process for the science priority (in Europe)

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Notes of SPICA international collaboration Different way/procedure of develop space science missions

Phases action by

SSAC (理学委員会） WG

Mission proposal WG

Selection + MDR ISASSSAC

Project (Phase) Review ISAS

Phase A1 Pre-project preparation team

System Requirement Review ISAS

Project (Phase) Review ISAS

Project Review JAXA

Phase A2 JAXA pre-project

System Definition Review ISAS

Project (Phase) Review ISAS

Project Review JAXA

Phase B (implementation) JAXA Project

To be revised soon,following JAXA’s new guidelinefor projects

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Notes of SPICA international collaboration

Phases action notesBefore AO Concept development ESA joins thediscussion.

Instrument Consortium(by nations)

Announcement of Opportunity

ESA “black-out”

Assessments Affordability by ESAScience by SPC

ESA “black-out”

First selection for study

Phase 0 CDF, assessment ESA, science community

Phase A Assessment Phase Industry

Down selection

Phase B1 Definition Phase detailed industrial study

Mission Adoption By SPC