statistika
DESCRIPTION
Seminarski rad StatistikaTRANSCRIPT
2
31.
32.Tr
72.1.
82.2.
92.3.
103.
103.1.
113.2.
13
14
, , , , .
, , , , , , , . , , , .
.
, .
.
x1, x2, ..., xk y ( ), x1, x2, ..., xk y ) () =y- y ) , . , y =f(x1, x2, ..., xk) .
. . , ,
, . . , , . .
1.
, . . x1, x2, ..., xk y. , .
(, ) . ( ) F. Galton XIX . , , , . , , . :
x1, x2, ..., xk y
( ), x1, x2, ..., xk y) () = y - y) , .
, , .
2.Tr
, , , . .
. : , . , , , .
, :
2
'
2
1
1
0
x
a
x
a
a
Y
+
+
+
=
y ,
1
X
2
X
,
2
11
,
0
ia
a
a
.
, .
2
)
'
(
-
y
y
y (
2
2
1
1
0
x
a
x
a
a
+
+
+
).
-
y
(
2
2
1
1
0
)
2
x
a
x
a
a
+
+
+
2
1
0
,
ia
a
a
, :
1.
=
+
+
y
x
a
x
N
a
a
2
2
1
2
1
2.
y
x
x
x
a
x
a
x
a
=
+
+
1
2
1
2
2
1
1
1
0
3.
y
x
x
a
x
x
a
x
a
=
+
+
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
0
.
0
a
:
2
2
1
1
0
x
a
x
a
y
a
-
-
=
-
-
=
2
2
1
2
2
2
1
2
2
1
1
2
2
1
)
(
d
d
d
d
dy
d
d
d
dy
d
d
a
-
-
=
2
2
1
2
2
2
1
1
2
1
2
2
1
2
)
(
d
d
d
d
dy
d
d
d
dy
d
d
a
,
x1=(x1 x1 bar) = d1; x2= (x2 x2 bar)=d2; y=(y-ybar)=dy.
dy
y
y
y
d
x
x
x
d
x
x
x
=
-
=
=
-
=
=
-
=
)
(
;
)
(
;
)
(
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
( 1.), , .
000.000
000.000
%
1
2
3
4
5
92
88
81
68
61
77
75
72
62
59
78
64
63
57
52
390
345
314
1.
:
. : .
, . , . .
, :
1
,
0
b
b
2
b
.
2
1
0
,
ib
b
b
.
, , . , , 1. :
2
1
0
314
345
10
390
b
b
b
+
+
=
:
2
1
1
63529
,
0
52431
,
0
2042
,
0
x
x
Y
+
+
=
)
1
b
Y
1
X
.
2
b
Y
2
X
1
X
.
2.1.
(
2
1
ia
a
) . .
- (, , ..) , .
, , .
i
a
,
i
X
, ,
Y
, :
( )
EMBED Equation.3
y
x
a
i
i
i
=
a
.
y
x
i
i
s
s
, :
( )
y
xi
i
a
s
s
b
=
.
2.2.
, , . . , :
N
y
y
x
yx
S
-
=
2
2
1
2
)
'
(
:
2
2
2
1
0
'
x
a
x
a
a
y
+
+
+
=
)
(
1
1
x
x
-
)
(
2
2
1
x
x
d
-
)
(
2
y
y
d
-
:
y
y
y
y
d
d
a
d
d
a
d
d
a
d
a
a
d
-
-
=
-
-
-
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
1
1
0
)
(
:
N
dy
d
a
dy
d
a
y
d
x
yx
S
-
-
=
-
2
2
1
1
2
2
1
2
, :
( ) Syx1x2 = d na kvadrat y a1d1dy a2d2dy kroz N a sve to kroz koren.
N
dy
d
a
dy
d
a
y
d
Syx
-
-
=
2
2
1
1
2
2
2.3.
, p :
p
p
x
a
x
a
x
a
a
Y
+
+
+
+
=
...
'
2
2
1
1
0
a0, a1, a2,ap , :
1.
=
+
+
+
y
x
a
x
a
x
a
N
p
p
a
2
2
1
1
0
2.
y
x
x
x
a
x
x
a
x
a
x
a
p
p
=
+
+
+
1
1
2
1
2
2
1
1
1
0
.
3.
y
x
x
x
a
x
a
x
x
a
x
a
p
p
=
+
+
+
+
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
0
...
y
x
x
a
x
x
a
x
a
P
p
p
p
p
p
=
+
+
+
2
2
2
0
)
1
(
N, , :
1.
y
G
G
a
G
a
G
a
p
p
1
1
12
2
11
1
...
=
+
+
2.
y
G
p
G
a
G
a
G
a
p
2
2
22
2
21
1
...
=
+
+
.
.
.
.
3..a1Gp1 + a2Gp2 +... apGpp = Gpy
EMBED Equation.3
y
G
G
a
G
a
G
a
p
pp
p
p
p
=
+
+
...
2
2
1
1
G :
j
i
j
i
ij
x
x
x
x
N
G
-
=
y
x
x
N
G
i
jy
ij
-
=
(i = 1,2,3,... p) (j = 1,2,3,... p)
G , Gij = Gji, i = j,
xixj = xi na kvadrat
=
2
i
j
i
x
x
x
:
(. .)
-
-
-
-
=
p
p
p
yx
a
yx
a
yx
a
y
a
y
x
x
Syx
2
2
1
1
0
2
2
1
..
3.
3.1.
.
Y,
1
2
1
,.....
,
-
k
X
X
X
, . , ( ) . .
,
1
2
1
,.....
,
..
-
k
X
X
X
y
r
0 1 , . , .
, . , a :
2
2
...
2
1
...
2
1
1
12
12
y
x
x
y
x
x
yx
s
s
r
k
k
e
r
-
=
=
-
-
EMBED Equation.3
:
2
e
s
2
y
s
a .
, :
9352
.
0
3698
.
81
3325
,
5
1
1
2
2
...
2
1
...
2
1
12
12
=
-
=
-
=
=
-
-
y
x
x
y
x
x
yx
s
s
r
k
k
e
r
, .
, , . , . .
3.2.
. , . . , :
)
1
(
)
1
(
2
2
2
1
2
j
i
j
j
i
j
i
i
x
x
yx
x
x
yrx
yx
x
yx
x
yx
r
r
r
r
r
r
-
-
-
-
=
=
r
:
2
x
yx
i
r
,
j
i
j
x
x
yrx
r
r
, .
, , Y, ,
1
X
,
2
X
, :
2
2
2
2
1
)
1
(
)
90
.
0
)(
963
,
0
(
949
,
0
)
1
(
)
1
(
2
1
2
j
j
j
i
j
j
i
j
i
i
yx
yx
x
x
yx
x
x
yrx
yx
x
yx
x
yx
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
-
-
-
=
-
-
-
-
=
=
r
, Y, ,
2
X
, ,
2
X
, :
)
90
,
0
1
(
)
949
,
0
1
(
)
90
.
0
)(
949
,
0
(
963
,
0
)
1
(
)
1
(
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
-
-
-
=
-
-
-
-
=
=
j
i
j
j
i
j
i
i
x
x
yx
x
x
yrx
yx
x
yx
x
yx
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
. . .
, . . . -.
, , , .
. , .
1) , , , 1989,
2) , , , , , 3. , , 1991,
:
www.stat.gov.rs
, , , 1989,
) , , , , , 3. , , 1991,
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14