stu fluidized bedstu

8/12/2019 STU Fluidized Bedstu

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3520 MEB

Salt Lake City, Utah 84112March 31, 2006

Dr. B. TylerBeehive State La!rat!rie"

Salt Lake City, UT 84112

Dear Dr. Tyler#

$% March 2, 2006, &e 'r!'!"e( t! )ake the *!ll!&i%+ i)'r!ve)e%t" t! the *li(i-e(

e(" i% MEB 3520# i%"tall all valve" !% the eit 'l)i%+ !* each e(/ i%"tallther)!c!'le" !% the i%let a%( !tlet !* the t&! e(" that lacke( ther)!c!'le"/ i%"tall a

te)'eratre c!%tr!ller *!r the heater a%( ther)!c!'le" !% the i%let a%( !tlet !* the

heater/ *i%( %e& a%( %ie 'article" that ca% e "e( i% *tre e'eri)e%t". $r 'r!ecti" (e"crie( i% (etail i% the attache( re'!rt e%title( )'r!vi%+ the li(i-e( Be(" i%

Se%i!r La.

*ter the i)'r!ve)e%t" &ere )a(e t! the "y"te), &e 'er*!r)e( a %)er !* te"t" at(i**ere%t te)'eratre" a%( *l!& rate". The c!l)% cl!"e"t t! the heater e'erie%ce( the

lea"t a)!%t !* heat l!"" a%( 're""re (r!' !* the i%c!)i%+ air eca"e the air &e%t

thr!+h the lea"t a)!%t !* 'i'i%+. 7!&ever, all three c!l)%" heate( ' )ch *a"ter&ith the D c!%tr!ller tha% &ith!t 930 )i%te" t! reach "tea(y "tate c!)'are( t! t&!

h!r" i% 'revi!" e'eri)e%t":. ;! 'r!le)" &ith lee(t

rec!))e%( "i%+ the %k%!&% )aterial i% *tre e'eri)e%t". t &a" %k%!&% t! "!)e(e+ree h!& )ch the "e !* c!l)% 1 a**ecte( the e'eri)e%tal re"lt". t &a" *!%(

that the 're""re (r!' !* c!l)% 1 ha( a )ch *latter re"'!%"e &ith i%crea"i%+ *l!& rate.

There*!re, it i" rec!))e%(e( t! 'er*!r) e'eri)e%t" !% thi" c!l)% &ith vari!")aterial" t! (eter)i%e h!& )ch the c!l)% a**ecte( the re"lt".

The i)'r!ve)e%t" &e )a(e !% the *li(i-e( e(" )a(e the a''arat" )!re e**icie%t a%(

'reci"e. % !r(er t! e ale t! i%ve"ti+ate the e"tali"h)e%t !* ther)al eiliri), it&!l( e e%e*icial t! i%"tall a ther)!c!'le r!( that ete%(" i%t! the 'article e( i% !%e

!* the c!l)%".

Si%cerely,

Bra%(!% ?ri))


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Matthe& =alker

@atie eter"!%

ii


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MA$;? T7E LUDED BEDS ; SE;$A LB

y

@atie eter"!%, Matthe& =alker a%( Bra%(!% ?ri))

""i+%e(# March 2, 2006

De# March 31, 2006

S)itte(# March 31, 2006

iii


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Table of Contents

S))ary. v

. %tr!(cti!%...1. The!ry....... 2

. ''arat" a%( r!ce(re..

. Ae"lt" a%( Di"c""i!% !* Ae"lt" ..10

. C!%cl"i!%" a%( Aec!))e%(ati!%" ...

15;!)e%clatre ... 16

Ae*ere%ce" 1

''e%(ice". Aa& Data 18

B. Sa)'le Calclati!%" ...25C. Ma!r te)" !* Ei')e%t . 2D. U%certai%ty %aly"i"...28

E. MSDS %*!r)ati!%..30

iv


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List of Figures

No. Title Page

1 % ea)'le !* a% e'eri)e%tal *li(i-ati!% crve 2

2 Si(e


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SUMMAG

)'r!vi%+ the li(i-e( Be(" i% Se%i!r La?r!' E#

@. eter"!%, B. ?ri)), M. =alker

Ae'!rt Date# March 31, 2006

% thi" 'r!ect, the )e)er" !* ?r!' E )a(e i)'r!ve)e%t" t! the *li(i-e( e(" l!cate(i% A!!) 3250 !* the Se%i!r La. The"e i)'r!ve)e%t" &ere a"e( !% 'revi!"

e'eri)e%t", &hich "h!&e( that the 'er*!r)a%ce !* the c!l)%" c!l( e )a(e )!re

e**icie%t.

The i)'r!ve)e%t" )a(e t! the c!l)%" &ere#

1: %"tall all valve" t! 'reve%t lee(


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. ;TA$DUCT$;

li(i-e( e(" &ere (evel!'e( "i)lta%e!"ly yet i%(e'e%(e%tly i% )erica a%( Er!'ei% the 1H20>". 7!&ever, they &ere %!t &i(e"'rea( %til Sta%(ar( $il "e( the) i% a

%!vel a''r!ach t! crack 'etr!le) i% the 1H30>". *ter thi" tech%!l!+ical (i"c!very, the

"e !* *li(i-e( e(" c!%ti%e( t! i%crea"e (ri%+ a%( a*ter the 'eri!( !* =!rl( =ar I1J. Ever "i%ce the 1H40>", *li(i-e( e(" have ec!)e a vital 'art !* che)ical a%(

c!)"ti!% 'r!ce""e" a%( are "till re"earche( heavily t!(ay.

li(i-e( e(" have a''licati!%" i% a &i(e variety !* che)ical reacti!%", "ch a"

c!)"ti!% a%( catalytic cracki%+. They are al"! "e( i% 'hy"ical a%( )echa%ical

'r!ce""e", "ch a" c!ati%+ a%( (ryi%+ I2J. Each a''licati!% reire" that (i**ere%t)aterial" e *li(i-e(. T! (! "!, a *li( )"t e l!&% thr!+h the )aterial i% a c!l)%.

Each )aterial reire" a )i%i)) vel!city !* the *li( t! *li(i-e. The )i%i))*li(i-ati!% vel!city i" (e'e%(e%t !% 'r!'ertie" !* the )aterial a%( the *li(. !r "!)e

)aterial", it i" ea"y t! 're(ict the )i%i)) *li(i-ati!% vel!city. !r !ther", h!&ever,the )i%i)) *li(i-ati!% vel!city (!e" %!t c!)'are &ell &ith the!ry a%( )"t e

(eter)i%e( e'eri)e%tally. The )i%i)) *li(i-ati!% vel!city !* a )aterial ca% e

(eter)i%e( y rec!r(i%+ the 're""re (r!' acr!"" the c!l)% at (i**ere%t vel!citie" !* the*li(. * a l!+


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. T7E$AG

T! *i%( the )i%i)) *li(i-ati!% vel!city y e'eri)e%tal )eth!(", the l!+arith) !* the're""re (r!' i" 'l!tte( ver"" the l!+arith) !* the +a" vel!city. i+re 1 i" a% ea)'le

!* "ch a 'l!t, &here the l!&er e%( !* the crve re're"e%t" a *ie( e(, the )i((le

re're"e%t" the *li(i-e( e(, a%( the e%( !* the crve re're"e%t" "!li( tra%"'!rt I4J. "the +a" vel!city i%crea"e" at the l!&er e%( !* the crve, the 're""re (r!' acr!"" the

c!l)% i%crea"e" (e t! the i%crea"i%+ 'article re"i"ta%ce t! *l!&. The *ie( e( i"

're"e%t %til !i%t 1 i" reache(. cc!r(i%+ t! B!terrill I5J, the 're""re at !i%t 1 i"+reater tha% that !* !i%t 2 eca"e a((iti!%al 're""re i" reire( t! reak the 'acki%+

a%( i%terl!cki%+ !* the 'article" e*!re *li(i-ati!% ca% !ccr. $%ce *li(i-ati!% !ccr"

at !i%t 2, the l!+arith) !* the 're""re (r!' (!e" %!t cha%+e a" a *%cti!% !* +a"vel!city. t !i%t 3, the 'article" ec!)e e%trai%e( i% the *li( a%( are carrie( *r!) the

e(.

There ei"t "everal !ther a''r!ache" i% (eter)i%i%+ the )i%i)) *li(i-ati!% vel!city !*

a *li(i-e( e( c!l)%. The *!ll!&i%+ a''r!ach i" "i)ilar t! that +ive% y Davi("!% I6Ja%( @!-e%y IJ a%( i" a the!retical a''r!ach *r!) *ir"t 'ri%ci'le" t! *i%( the )i%i))

vel!city.

0

1

2

3

4

5

0 5 10

log (gas velocity U)

log

pressure

drop

1

2

3

Figure 1: % ea)'le !* a% e'eri)e%tal *li(i-ati!% crve &ith a *ie( e( re+i!%, *li(i-e( e(

re+i!%, a%( "!li( tra%"'!rt re+i!%.

% !r(er t! (eter)i%e the )i%i)) *li(i-ati!% vel!city, it i" *ir"t %ece""ary t! !tai% a

)!(el that cl!"ely a''r!i)ate" the ehavi!r !* *li( *l!& thr!+h a ")all cr!""" 're""re (r!' !* c!l)% 1 ver"" the l!+arith) !* the

v!l)etric *li( *l!& &ith re"'ective err!r ar" at 25FC.

Distributor Cap Pressure Drop

y = 0.0049x + 0.0505

R2

= 0.9962

y = 0.0032x - 0.0007

R2= 0.9955

-0.50

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

SCFH

PressureDrop

(psi)

Cl!"n 3

Cl!"n 1

#$n%&' (Cl!"n 3)

#$n%&' (Cl!"n 1)

Figure 6: The 're""re (r!'" !* c!l)%" 1 a%( 3 ver"" the *l!& rate &he% the c!l)%" &ere e)'ty.

13


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* the "tle cha%+e" (! i%(icate )i%i)) *l!& rate", the% the (ata )atche" "r'ri"i%+ly

&ell. 7!&ever, (e t! the )a%y %certai%tie" i% thi" a%aly"i", it i" rec!))e%(e( t!

'er*!r) )!re e'eri)e%t" "i%+ c!l)% 1 &ith !ther )aterial" t! "ee i* the (i"trit!rca' (!e" a**ect the re"lt" "i+%i*ica%tly.

14


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. C$;CLUS$;S ;D AEC$MME;DT$;S

The i)'r!ve)e%t" )a(e !% the *li(i-e( e(" )a(e the a''arat" )!re e**icie%t. The

a((iti!% !* ther)!c!'le" t! the t&! c!l)%" all!&" "er" t! 'er*!r) e'eri)e%t" &ithall three c!l)%". Th", "er" ca% "et ' all three c!l)%" "i)lta%e!"ly, re"lti%+ i%

le"" ti)e "etti%+ ' a%( clea%i%+ !t the c!l)%". The a((iti!% !* the heat c!%tr!l

"y"te) re"lt" i% icker re"'!%"e" !* the heater t! "er" (i"trit!r ca' &ith i%crea"i%+ air

*l!&. Thi" e**ect c!l( '!te%tially alter a%( ")!!th the 're""re (r!' re"lt". l"!, i%

!r(er t! i%ve"ti+ate the e"tali"h)e%t !* ther)al eiliri) i% a e( !* 'article", ather)!c!'le r!( "h!l( e i%"talle( that ete%(" i%t! the e(. +ai%, thi" &!l( e a%

e'e%"ive ve%tre, t it i" !%e that c!l( *rther i%crea"e a "er" %(er"ta%(i%+ !* the

*li(i-e( e(".

15


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No(en,lature

Sy)!l De*i%iti!% U%it"

a Sr*ace area 'er %it 'acke( v!l)e !* 'acki%+ )2

)3

) Cr!""


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eferen,es


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Table *?3# The 're""re (r!' !* c!l)% 3 a" a *%cti!% !* *l!& rate a%( te)'eratre *!rthe &al%t "hell )aterial.

Floate%/CF7

un @125C

un @225C

un @13C

un @23C

un @15C

un @25C

un @1;5C

un @2;5C

250 ? ? ? ? ? ? 1.; 1.68260 ? ? ? ? 1.66 1.6; 1.;2 1.;220 ? ? ? ? 1.6; 1.68 1.;; 1.;9280 1.66 1.65 1.68 1.6; 1.;3 1.;3 1.84 1.862H0 1.6; 1.6; 1.; 1.; 1.;8 1.8 1.93 1.95300 1.;3 1.;3 1.;5 1.;5 1.85 1.89 1.99 1.99310 1.;8 1.;9 1.81 1.8 1.9 1.92 2.5 2.5320 1.84 1.84 1.86 1.84 1.9; 1.98 2.1 2.11330 1.88 1.88 1.9 1.9 2.2 2.3 2.1; 2.1;340 1.93 1.93 1.9; 1.96 2.8 2.8 2.24 2.25350 2.1 2. 2.2 2.2 2.14 2.16 2.29 2.3

360 2.; 2.8 2.; 2.1 2.21 2.23 2.36 2.3;30 2.14 2.14 2.16 2.1; 2.2; 2.29 2.4 2.42380 2.19 2.21 2.23 2.22 2.36 2.35 2.4; 2.483H0 2.26 2.2; 2.29 2.28 2.42 2.4 ? ?400 2.32 2.31 2.34 2.34 ? ? ? ?410 2.3; 2.36 2.39 2.4 ? ? ? ?420 2.41 2.41 2.43 2.44 ? ? ? ?430 2.49 2.46 2.5 2.5 ? ? ? ?

1H


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Table *?4# The 're""re (r!' !* c!l)% 1 a" a *%cti!% !* *l!& rate a%( te)'eratre *!r

the %k%!&% )aterial.Floate%/CF7

un @125C

un @225C

un @13C

un @23C

un @15C

un @25C

un @1;5C

un @2;5C

150 .29 .33 .28 .2; .31 .33 .33 .33160 .31 .34 .28 .29 .33 .34 .35 .3310 .34 .36 .31 .32 .34 .35 .3; .35180 .35 .3; .33 .35 .36 .36 .39 .381H0 .3; .4 .35 .36 .3; .38 .42 .4200 .39 .42 .36 .3; .39 .4 .44 .43210 .41 .44 .3; .39 .42 .42 .46 .46

220 .43 .48 .4 .41 .44 .45 .48 .4;230 .44 .5 .44 .43 .46 .4; .49 .5240 .4; .52 .46 .46 .48 .49 .51 .52250 .48 .54 .48 .48 .5 .5 .53 .55260 .5 .5; .51 .49 .51 .53 .5; .5620 .52 .59 .53 .51 .53 .55 .59 .59280 .55 .6 .55 .53 .56 .5; .62 .622H0 .58 .63 .56 .56 .6 .6 .64 .65300 .6 .65 .58 .58 .64 .62 .66 .68310 .63 .6; .61 .6 .66 .65 .69 .;320 .64 .68 .63 .63 .6; .66 .;2 .;1

330 .66 .; .65 .65 .69 .69 .;3 .;3340 .68 .;2 .6; .66 .;2 .;1 .;5 .;5350 .; .;4 .69 .69 .;4 .;4 .;6 .;6360 .;3 .;6 .;2 .; .;6 .;; ? ?30 .;6 .;8 .;4 .;2 .;9 .;9 ? ?380 .;8 .8 .;6 .;5 .81 .82 ? ?

Table *?5: Sieve


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Table *?6: Sieve


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-1.25

-1.2

-1.15

-1.1

-1.05

-1

-0.95

-0.9

-0.85

-0.8

-0.75

5.5 5.55 5.6 5.65 5.7 5.75 5.8 5.85 5.9 5.95 6

ln(SCFH)

ln(dP)

Figure *?2: The l!+arith) !* the &al%t "hell>" 're""re (r!' !* c!l)% 3 ver"" thel!+arith) !* the v!l)etric *li( *l!& &ith re"'ective err!r ar" at 50FC.

-0.95

-0.9

-0.85

-0.8

-0.75

-0.7

-0.65

-0.6

-0.55

-0.5

5.45 5.5 5.55 5.6 5.65 5.7 5.75 5.8 5.85 5.9 5.95 6

ln(SCFH)

ln(dP)

Figure *?3: The l!+arith) !* the &al%t "hell>" 're""re (r!' !* c!l)% 3 ver"" thel!+arith) !* the v!l)etric *li( *l!& &ith re"'ective err!r ar" at 0FC.

22


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-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 6

ln(SCFH)

ln(dP)

Figure *?4: The l!+arith) !* the %k%!&% )aterial>" 're""re (r!' !* c!l)% 1 ver""the l!+arith) !* the v!l)etric *li( *l!& &ith re"'ective err!r ar" at 30FC.

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

4.8 5 5.2 5.4 5.6 5.8 6

ln(SCFH)

ln(dP)


23


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-0.5

-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

4.9 5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 6

ln(SCFH)

ln(dP)


24


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( ) !*FHfthr

s

m

fts

m

55.3631625.03600

3048.0

3E1.02 =

26


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*$$en-i C > MaDor Ete(s of ui$(ent

li(i-e( Be("

3.H>> Dia)eter''r!i)ately 8> tall

@i)a Bea(e( r!ce"" i'e

i'e alve a%( itti%+ C!)'a%y23 S 300 = Site E

SLC, UT 84115

7eater

C!%tr!l Sy"te)# $'t! 22

D C!%tr!ller

7!%ey&ell UDS 3000 D%ve%t!ry ;)er# Q201H53

2


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*$$en-i > Gn,ertaint! *nal!sis

ll re'!rte( %certai%tie" are re'!rte( t! e the )ai)) !* the "ta%(ar( (eviati!%" *!r

the )ea"re)e%t".

[Y ( 0.08 '"i

[&al%t "hell (ia)eterY O 10)[%k%!&% )aterial (ia)eterY O 10)

[Te)'Y O 2.0FC

[&al%t "hell e'eri)e%tal *li(i-ati!%*l!&Y O 0 SC7[%k%!&% )aterial e'eri)e%tal *li(i-ati!% *l!& Y O 80 SC7

[&al%t "hell the!retical *li(i-ati!% *l!& Y O 30 SC7

[%k%!&% )aterial the!retical *li(i-ati!% *l!& Y O 30 SC7

The!retical Err!r#

The *!ll!&i%+ i" a% ea)'le !* h!& the err!r i" 'r!'a+ate( thr!+h the the!retical re"lt"

&he% *i%(i%+ the )i%i)) *li(i-ati!% vel!city#

( ) ( )

=

=

510836.1

.140.H81.H1E.12.E532K00114.081.H200114.0 ed pf

dps

U

Y 0.035 )"

The err!r c!%ti%e" t! 'r!'a+ate &he% *i%(i%+ the )i%i)) *li(i-ati!% *l!& rate#

!*FHfthr

s

m

fts

m

351625.03600K

3048.0

035E.022 =

E'eri)e%tal Err!r#

De t! the +ra'hical %atre !* the err!r ar", the e'eri)e%tal err!r &a" *!%(

+ra'hically "i%+ a "'rea("heet.

article Si-e Err!r

Beca"e there &a" a% i%"**icie%t %)er !* "ieve tray" cl!"e e%!+h i% (ia)eter,the err!r &a" a%aly-e( "i%+ a "'rea("heet. The err!r &a" *!%( t! e O 100) *!r the

&al%t "hell" a%( O100) *!r the %k%!&% )aterial.

28


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Te)'eratre Err!r"

t &a" a"")e( that the err!r i%crre( i% the"e ther)!c!'le" &a" a''r!i)atelyO2.0FC eca"e the $)e+a &e"ite "tate( that *!r @


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stu fluidized bedstu

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