sugarcane pptx (2)

SugarcaneMuhammad Rizwan Akram (23)Muhammad Yaseen (44)Niaz Ahmad (51)Ghulam Mujtaba (52)

BZU, Bahadur Sub Campus Layyah

Sugarcane 1

Presentation Outline Scientific Classification Nutrition's value Sugarcane in Pakistan Top Countries Botany Economic Importance Growth and Development of Sugarcane Sugarcane Cultivars and their Characteristcs Planting of Sugarcane Sugarcane Crop Maintenance Harvesting of cane

Scientific Classification

Sugarcane 2Rizwan, Yaseen, Niaz, Mujtaba

Botanical Name Saccharrum officinarum L

Class Liliopsida

Order Cyperales

Family Poaceae

Genus Saccharum

Popular Name Sugarcane, Kamad, Ganna

Nutrition's value

3

Component Percentage

Fibre 11-16

Soluble Sugar 12-16

Non Sugar 2-3

Water 63-73

Rizwan, Yaseen, Niaz, Mujtaba Sugarcane

Sugarcane in Pakistan

6th in world production

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PAKISTAN 2010

Area 942,870 ha

Production 49,372,900 tones

yield 52.36 t ha-1


TOP COUNTRIES

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COUNTRY PRODUCTION (T)

BRAZIL 717,462,000

INDIA 292,300,000

CHINA 111,454,359

THAILAND 68,807,800

MEXICO 50,421,600


Botany

Perennial:- It lives for more than two years

C4 Determinate Sugarcane completes its vegetative and reproductive at a time

Cross Pollination Seed –Sett:- Stem of sugarcane with buds at nodes is used as a seed.

7Rizwan, Yaseen, Niaz, Mujtaba Sugarcane

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Economic Importance

30% of cane used in mills 60% used for making unrefined sugar(gur, shakar) 10% retained as a seed Bagasse used in paper industry Molasses in alchohol industry Sugarcane wax used for making shoe polish Cane tops used as animal fodder


Growth and Development of Sugarcane

Composition of the plant:- 73-76% water, 24-27% Solids(11-16 % fibre, 10-16% soluble solids) 75-92% sugar, 3-7% salts, Rest are free organic acids and organic non-sugars.

Rizwan, Yaseen, Niaz, Mujtaba Sugarcane 9


Shoot system:- Stem consist of several nodes and internodes. Contain sweet sap. Nodes bear buds. Stem is circular or oval shape. Leaves:- Size varies from top to bottom of the plant. About 10 mature leaves present at a single stem.



Root system Three types of root system Primary Roots Originate from sets Secondary Roots Thinner and more branched when tillers are formed. Fibrous These are also called as advantacious roots. They spread 2 meters away and six meters in depth.



Growth pattern:- Germination, tillering phase from 4-8 months In normal planting half tiller are matured. Lodging effects late tillering Shorter photo periods effects tillering Ratooning:- Roots remain in soils and give rise to a ratoon crop in next years. Ratoon crops is weed free as initial. Several successive ratoon crops are practiced.



Environmental Factors. High temperature with moderate humidity is needed. Rainfall ranging from 1250-2500 mm Temperature:- Minimum tolerable temperature is 21 °C Optimal temperature is 27-38

°C Sunlight:- Sugarcane is sun loving species. Reduced sunlight decreases yield, sugar content.



Soil:- Requires a fertile, well drained soil and abundant supply of moisture. Most suitable soil is deep clay loam. Saline soils are also used somehow.


Sugarcane Cultivars and their Characteristcs

Three main type of sugarcane ; early, medium, and late maturing. BL4; thick, high yielding, early maturing with semi spreading growth. Triton; evolved from Australia, donated to Iran and then to

Pakistan.Medium-high yielding variety.


Planting of Sugarcane

Land Preparation:- 5-6 ploughings with atlest 2 plankings. Breakage of hard pan also necessiry. Ploughing must go atleast 20-25 cm depth

Time & Method of Planting:- Appropriate and scheduled planting time Spring sowing February-March which matures in February Autumn sowing; August-September which matures in November


Planting of Sugarcane Seed Rate:- 75,000-100,000 Setts ha-1 OR 200-250 mounds ha-1 Seed is sufficient for

early sowing. Planting Pattern:- Three methods of planting i.e Strip planting/Ridge planting; R-R distance is 30/60/90 cm for

single/double/tripple strips respectively.


Planting of SugarcaneFlat sowing; has not implemented on large scale.

Pit Planting:-


Planting of Sugarcane Pre-planting treatment:- 48 hours soaking in water enhances germination. Soaking in hot water(50°C) for 20% minute greatly enhances

germination. Indoleacetic acid or nephthaleneacetic acid enhances root growth. Acetylene promotes growth of cutting.


Sugarcane Crop Maintenance Fertilizer Requirement:- 200 100-150 100 KG(NPK) ha-1

One third N & whole P & K AT sowing Remaining one third N at tillering (2 months after sowing) Remaining one third at earthing up(before start of rainy season


Sugarcane Crop Maintenance Irrigation Water Requirement:- Water requirement is 120-160 cm for spring and 200-250 cm for autumn. After every 25-30 days water should be applied but during dry seasons

intervals should be shortened.


Sugarcane Crop Maintenance Weed Control Practices:- In sugarcane weeds grow before germination of setts and compete with

crop at initial stages. One blind before the crop germinates. Pesticides should be used repeatedly untill crop gets knee height. Weeds of surcane are deela, itsit, bathu, kandyaree, e.t.c


Sugarcane Crop Maintenance Diseases & Insects:- Red rot; attacks on the stalks, stubble, rhizomes, and leaf midribs.

(Colletotricum falcatum) Sugarcane Smut; seed born fungal disease(Ustilago scitiminea) Others are Grassy Shoot, Pineapple, e.t.c.


Harvesting of cane Harvesting is done when the crop is fully matured. Maximum portion of the stem is separated from leaves. Harvested should be immediately reached to the mill or processed

otherwise weight and sucrose loss may occour. Transport should be arranged advanced.


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