Swift - Ogólne informacje

Kompilowanystatycznie typowanyobiektowy (opcjonalnie)Pierwsza wersja - 2014Od 2015 - open source (Apache License 2.0)Obecna wersja 2.2 / Preview 3.0

Kompilacja, uruchamianie programów

REPL - swiftKompilacja - swiftc program.swift"Tryb interpretowany" - #!/usr/bin/swift

Data types

Int / UIntFloatDoubleBoolStringCharacterOptional

Built-in data structures

ArraysDictionariestuplessets

// Arraysvar array: Array<Int> = [2]var array: [Int] = [2]var array = [4]

array.append(5)print(array[0])

//Dictionaries

var dict: Dictionary<String, String> = ["key": "value"]var dict: [String: String] = [:]var dict = ["key": "value", "another key": "another value"]print(dict["key"])dict["one more key"] = "one more value"

// Tuplesfor (key, value) in dict { print(key) print(value)}func test() -> (Int, String) { return (42, "bazinga")}var (a, b) = test()

// Setsvar testSet: Set<String> = ["whateva", "hamburger"]var testSet: Set = ["test", "another test"]

testSet.insert("one more test")var anotherSet: Set = ["whateva", "blah"]

testSet.union(anotherSet)testSet.intersect(anotherSet)

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Conditionals

var condition: Bool = true

if condition { print("condition met")} else { print("condition not met")}

if petType == "Dog" { print("Buy Pedigree")} else if petType == "Cat" { print("Buy Whiskas")} else if petType == "Human" { print("Buy coffee")} else { print("Relax")}

switch petType {case "Dog": print("Buy Pedigree")case "Cat": print("Buy Whiskas")case "Human": print("Buy coffee")default: print("Relax")}

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Loops

// forfor var i=0 ; i < 10 ; i++ { print(i)}

for var i in 0...10 { print(i)}

// for-inlet EnterpriseCaptains = ["Jonathan Archer", "James T. Kirk", "Jean-Luc Picard"]for captain in EnterpriseCaptains { print(captain)}

//whilevar n = 2while n < 100 { n = n*2}

var m = 2repeat { m = m*2} while m < 100

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Functions

func greet(name: String) -> String { return "Hello, \(name)"}

//variable number of argumentsfunc printout(values: Int...) { for var val in values { print(val) }}

//nested functionfunc add8(value: Int) -> Int { var y = 8 func add() { y += value } add() return y}

//closures and anonymous functionsvar numbers =[4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42]

numbers.map({number in 2*number}) // lambda number: 2*number//simplernumbers.map({2*$0})//even simplernumbers.map {2*$0}

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Classes and Objects

class Pet { var name: String init(name: String) { self.name = name } func sleep() -> String{ return "ZZZ" }}

class Dog: Pet { var breed: String var weightKg: Int init(name: String, breed: String, weightKg: Int){ self.breed = breed self.weightKg = weightKg super.init(name: name) } override func sleep() -> String { return "ZZZZZZ" } func speak() -> String { return "Woof" } var weightGrams: Int { get { return weightKg * 1000 } set { weightKg = newValue / 1000 } }}

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Structures

struct Ship { var shipClass: String var name: String var cargo: Int = 0 mutating func addCargo(){ self.cargo += 1 } mutating func removeCargo(){ if self.cargo < 1 { print("Ship empty") } else { self.cargo -= 1 } }}

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Protocols

protocol ExampleProtocol { var member: Int mutating func process()}

class ExampleClass: ExampleProtocol { var member = 2 func process() { member += 25 }}

struct ExampleStruct: ExampleProtocol { var member = 5 mutating func process() { member *= 3 }}

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