Copyright ©2015 Waseda University, All Right Reserved

August 20, 2015

Hideo Ishii, Ph.D.

ProfessorAdvanced Collaborative Research Institute

for Smart Society (ACROSS)& Research Institute

for Advanced Network Technology (RIANT)

Waseda University

System Architecture Design For Integrated Grid

EPRI SEMINAR : INTEGRATED GRID CONCEPT AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT

Copyright ©2015 Waseda University. All Right Reserved

OUTLINE

Paradigm Change in Electric Energy System

in Japan : Need of Integrated Grid- 3.11 : Demand-side Integration,

Distributed System

- Electric Power System Reform

Two Major Challenges- Demand Response

- Photovoltaic Integration

Demonstration Projects

System Architecture

1

Copyright ©2015 Waseda University. All Right Reserved

Change in the electric energy policy through “3.11”

Before “3.11”

Realization of Low Carbon Society by

deploying energy management system

Installation of high-efficiency

equipments & appliances

Integration of renewable energy

Integration of EV/PHV

Balancing demand-supply for

electricity & gas

etc.

+Electricity saving

Peak cut in electricity demand

After “3.11”

2

Missing significant amount of base load supply

Energy Management System （EMS）

【Control Center governing optimum energy flow】

BEMS （Building）GEMS （Grid） HEMS （Home） CEMS （Community）

3

￥

Thermal Power

Hydro Power

Buildings with PV generation／Private Generator／Battery

Control by ICT

Substation

Wind Farm

Energy storage

Electricity Flow DATA FlowTD Network

EV

Battery

PV panel

Smart House

Hp Water Heater

Fuel Cell

Electric Power NW(Power Grid)

Smart Building

PV Power Station

Pumped-up Hydro Power

Renewable Energy Sourse

Smart Meter

Power Quality Issue(frequency, voltage)

Scheme for electricity savingWith incentive

Smart GridSmart Community

Impact of Smart Grid

Energy Cost

EnvironmentalImpact

Alternative

value

Diversified/Low-priced

Movement to be the most advanced country regarding energy

Energy Saving StandardDR / Nega-watt trading

【Promotion of Smart Energy Use】

◎Reinforcement of energy saving at buildings / houses

◎Promotion of effective EMS（supporting DR）

◎DR based on negawatt trading GL

4

Electricity System Reform

【Improving grid to “smart grid”】

◎Electricity system reform

①stable supply ②suppression of price ③enlargement of choice and opportunity

・1st stage(2015)： Establishment of ONCTO

(Organization for Nationwide Coodination of Transmission Operators)

・2nd stage(2016)： Full liberalization of retail market

・3rd stage(2018-2020) : Unbundling T&D sector

◎Establishment of Interoperability（smart grid）

・Remote control of renewables ・Control of consumer devices/EMS

【Revision of Energy Saving Standard / as obligations 】

◎Performance：consumption of primary energy source

◎Evaluation object (newly added)：

energy creation system (PV, etc.)

performance of individual facilities (HVAC, water heater, lighting, etc.)

Generate Transmit Use

Diversity/Renewable etc.

【Reconstruction of Energy Mix】

◎Reconsideration of FIT system

◎Target of co-generation system installation

◎Restart of nuclear power with approval

Various Energy Supply & Smart Energy Use

Production（Procurement) Transport Consumption

SmartFlexible/Selectable/Efficient

Business operators and their role after the reform

5

Power Generation

Operators

Retail Operators

All consumers

Full liberalization of retail market

(2016~)

Smaller

Power

Generation

Operators

Fairness &

neutrality

Competition &

diversity

Private

gene-

ration

Private

use

※Names are all tentative.

ネットワーク利用（託送供給）

Simultaneously commensurate

generation plan

Control of demand-supply

balance

(ensuring power quality)

Network Operators

（Type I, Type II, Type III）

Competition &

diversity

Simultaneously commensurate

demand estimation

Use of network(Transportation service)

Generation

Network

Retail

Entire sketch of demand-supply balance after the reform

Procurement Side Supply Side

Nationwide

ancillary market

Other areas

Capacity Market

Long term transaction

Short term transaction

Spot transaction(a-day-ahead/of the day)

Real time Transaction

Ancillary service

Capacity (kW)

Adjustability

Base load supply

Middle load supply

Peak load supply

kW kW

kW,kWh

kW,kWh

kW,kWh

Network Operator Retail Operator Generation Operator

Use of DR for nega-watt

transaction with network operator

Adjustability

6

Imbalance adjustment deviating from simultaneously commensurate plan and relevant cost

7

Gen.

Opera

tor

Gen. plan(B)

100MWh

Plan Actual

100MWh

70MWh

Reta

il O

pera

tor

Demand plan(D)

Gen. plan(A)

70MWh

Gen. actual(A)

70MWh

Generator trouble

50MWhImbalance

50MWh Shortage

190MWhDemand excess

Netw

ork

Op

era

tor

Imbalance20MWh shortage

Imbalance20MWh Surplus

Imbalance fee

Imbalance adjustment in

Gen. side

Supply imbalance

100MWh

Gen. plan(C)

100MWh

Gen. plan(C)

Imbalance fee

Supply imbalance

Imbalance adjustment in Demand side

Adjustability producer

-Gen. operator-DR aggregator

Imbalance fee

Purchase imbalance

① This is internal transaction between Gen. Div. and Network Div. in one company while the adjustment is done in the general electric utility.

② Used for not only the adjustment of imbalance, but frequency control within 30 minutes.

③ Payment from Adjustability producer to Network operator is feasible in case of generation power suppression.

Demand actual(D)

100MWh

Demand plan(E)

80MWh

Demand actual(E)

Shortage imbalance

Gen. Actual(B) Waiting fee

Usage-basedfee

Supply Adjustability

Demand shortage

When Gen A and Gen B is kept by Retail company D, it is necessary to match demand and supply plan of company D.

Shortage imbalance

Surplus imbalance

Difference of power between plan and actualbecomes imbalance in Gen. side and demand side.Network operator will adjust in both side.

Plan → Actual

Roll of ONCTO

8

supplysupply

Area B

Area CArea A

ONCTO(*)

Targeting capacity increase up to 2,100MW by 2020, and to 3,000MW as early as possible afterward

Realize 900MW of capacity increase as early as possible

1,200MW

600MW

W

12,620MW300M

W

1,400

MW

Hokkaido

Tohoku

TokyoChubu

Chugoku

ShikokuKyushuFrequencyconverter

AC/DC converter

50Hz60Hz

2,400

MW

Hoku-riku

Kansai

5,570MW16,660MW

5,570MW5,570

MW

① Coordinating supply and demandplanning, grid planning, promotingcapacity increase of frequencyconverters and inter-region tie linesas well as nationwide grid operationbeyond the regions

②Coordinating inter-regional grid ope-ration regarding supply-demandbalance and frequency regulationunder normal circumstance

③Conducting regulation of supply anddemand by directing increase ofpower generation, power inter-change and all under stringency dueto disasters, etc.

④Reception of grid connection of newgenerators, information disclosure asa neutral organization

Business role of ONCTO(*)Organization for Nationwide Coordination

of Transmission Operators

Treatment of FIT associated with system reform

9

※1 Contract to allow generationfacilities connection to NW

※2 NW operator coordinatesimbalance if necessary.

【Basic scheme】

Sell with other

sources

ConsumerRetailorPower generation operator of renewable energy

Residential PV, etc.

※1 【Connection contract】

Power supply (renewable)

【Specific contract】

surcharge

Coordinating body for cost allocation

NW

operator

ThermalThermal

Nuc.

D

RE

Thermal

Nuc. RE

Thermal

Decrease in

demandBalanced supply and demand

【Priority connection】

【Priority power supply】

grant

※2

Renewable energy sources are to be connected to

network unless there are rational reasons to deny.

To be discussed at ONCTO established in April, 2015

・NW utilization rule・RE output control・Utilization of inter-

regional tie lines

Suppress from conventional (thermal) generation

D

DD

D

D

D D

Copyright ©2015 Waseda University. All Right Reserved

Paradigm Change in Electric Energy System

Large Power Plants + Bulk

Grid

Demand : Given (Forecast)

Vertically Integrated

Power Flow : one way

Basically Dispatchable

Generation

Cooperation with Distributed System- Various Resources: e.g. EV, Battery

- Integration vs Local Optimum

Demand : Control- DR, Nega-watt Trading

Horizontally Divided- New Rules, e.g. Simultaneous

Equivalence

Power Flow : bi-directional

Intermittent (Renewable)

Electric Power System Reform

Large scale RE installation

10

Copyright ©2015 Waseda University. All Right Reserved

Then, the issue is ……

How to achieve “stable power supply”

without lowering quality of electricity as well

as raising price under the new framework.

This challenge could be one of major

examples of EPRI’s “Integrated Grid”.

11

Copyright ©2015 Waseda University. All Right Reserved

Supply-Demand Balance Control

GF LFC

EDC

20sec. 2～3min. 10～20min.

Variation period

Am

plitu

de

of

de

ma

nd

va

riatio

nEDC（economic load dispatching control）

Forward control based on demand prediction

LFC（Load Frequency Control）

For unpredictable demand variation (1～2% of total demand)

De

ma

nd

Time

Variation of Total

Demand

GF（Governor-Free）

For fast demand variation which can not be covered by LFC

A few tens of min～

several hours component

A few min. ～ A few tens of min. component

A few sec. ～ A few min.

Variation from RE

12

Copyright ©2015 Waseda University. All Right Reserved

Challenges in New Paradigm

New Electric Energy System

Two-way power flow

Combination of central & distributed control

Co-existence of different optimization : supply-demand balance

& new values

- maximum use of renewable energy recourses

- efficient use of energy including heat, transportation, etc.

Resiliency : preparation for emergency

New kind of Control for Grid Operator

Demand Response and PV Generation

Not necessarily owned by grid operators

Various sizes

The smaller, the larger the number

13

Automated Demand Response: (ADR）

14

DR Server

Ele

ctr

ical

Dem

an

d

DRrequest

ISO/TSORetailor

Autonomy

Resilience

①Request to reduce demand

③Measure and report

DR aggregator

④Payment for DR result

Community

Buildings

Houses

Condominium

CEMS

BEMS

MEMS

HEMS

②Contr

ol to

shift

the p

eak

Time

Co

nsu

mp

tio

n

Contract power level

Time

Normal

Emergency

Prior supply to important appliance in a range of available power

Red

uce

Brown out

Emergency

Co

nsu

mp

tio

n

Copyright ©2015 Waseda University. All Right Reserved

Test & Verification

Standardization

Waseda Project Member

Smart House/Building Standardization Study Group

Waseda Project Mission R&D and demonstration of Demand Response technology

along with global standards

15

Demand Response Task-Force Working group for National Standard Development

“ADR Association” for outside activity

METI Demand Response Project

Copyright ©2015 Waseda University. All Right Reserved

Study on DR technology and Standard- Summarize use cases of demand response (DR) and prepare a standard method

for automated DR between power utilities and aggregators based on OpenADR.- Establish test facilities developed at the Waseda test site.

Specification and Policy- The standard method is described in the document “Specification for DR

interface, Ver1.0” which covers OpenADR 2.0a and a part of 2.0b. - In this framework, vendors are supposed to develop their soft wares or hard

wares in compliance with the conformance rule determined by OpenADRAlliance (Spec. 2.0a and/or 2.0b).

@ 3rd Meeting of “Study Group on Promoting Standardization and Business

of Smart-Houses and Buildings” (May 15, 2013)

16

METI’s Official Announcement

Copyright ©2015 Waseda University. All Right Reserved 17

Utility

ADR Server(Aggregator)

USER Data Base

Smart Buildings

BEMS

Smart Houses

Transmission standard：ECHONET-Lite

ＨEMS

OpenADR Open

(competitive area?)

+ DR ObjectCEA-2045

Standardization of Communication Interface for DR

Copyright ©2015 Waseda University. All Right Reserved 18

ADR Association JAPAN

“ADR Association” was established under the Japan Smart Community

Alliance for standardization of ADR and promotion of international

cooperation.

代表理事 ： 石井英雄（早稲田大学）理事ｱﾄﾞﾊﾞｲｻﾞｰ ： 森川博之（東京大学）理事 ： 松本純孝（東京大学）

田路龍太郎（NTT）

Chief Director ： Professor Hideo Ishii (Waseda University)

Director ： Professor Hiroyuki Morikawa

(The University of Tokyo)

Sumitaka Matsumoto (The University of Tokyo)

Ryutaro Toji (Waseda University)

Shigeo Matsuda (Toshiba)

Kick-off meeting for collaboration with

OpenADR Alliance

（in CA, USA : November 1st, 2013）

Copyright ©2015 Waseda University. All Right Reserved

OpenADR

OpenADR 2.0

Expansion and generalization

of OpenADR 1.0

OpenADR Alliance

2.0a ：simple device, e.g. thermostat

2.0b ：support report, opt in/out etc.

Open protocol for automated DR developed in US Ensure certainty and interoperability

IP base, application layer

XML

19

Copyright ©2015 Waseda University. All Right Reserved

Utility

ADR Server(Aggregator)

USER Data Base

Smart Buildings

BEMS

Transmission standard： BACnet, Lonworks, etc.

Smart Houses

Transmission standard：ECHONET-Lite

ＨEMS

Standardization of Communication Interface for DR

20

OpenADR Open

(competitive area?)

+ DR ObjectCEA-2045

Copyright ©2015 Waseda University. All Right Reserved 21

Use cases summarized by DR-TF

No. Use Case Actors Description

UC-1 Aggregator DR System operator/Retailer, Aggregator, customer

Aggregators procure DR from customers and provide to system operator and retailers

UC-2 Nega-watt trading A System operator/Retailer, Aggregator, Market

System operator, retailers and Aggregators procure DR from market

UC-3 Nega-watt trading B Market,/Retailer, Aggregator, customer

Retailers, aggregators and customers provide DR to market

UC-4 Capacity contract System operator/Retailer, Customer

System operator and retailers procure DR from customers

UC-5 Direct load control Aggregator, Customer Implement DLC

UC-6 Broadcast System operator/Retailer, Aggregator, customer

Inform tariff program

UC-7 Mutual contract(using tie line)

System operator/Retailer, Customer

Basically same as UC-4

Copyright ©2015 Waseda University. All Right Reserved 22

Status of the Specification

The “Specification for DR interface, Ver.1.0” was designed to cover use cases (UC-1, 4 & 7) considered for implementation in summer, 2013.

DR primarily between utilities and aggregators

Minimum specification in compliance with OpenADR2.0a/b

The current version is “Specification for DR interface, Ver.1.1a” expanded to include UC-5 and 6.

The Spec. 1.1a had been tested and evaluated within WasedaProject until March, 2015.

After reflecting required modification, “Specification for DR interface, Ver.1.1” was issues in June, 2015.

23

Waseda Project (Demand Response)TEPCO Power Supply Control Center

YokohamaCity EMS

ToyotaCity EMS

KeihannaCity EMS

Kita KyushuCity EMS Standard ADR Signal

TEPCO Proprietary DR signal

MEMS/BEMS/FEMS Test Site(Office and Factory)

Waseda UniversityEMS Shinjuku Demonstration Center

<Standard ADR test site>

HEMS

Smart Phone

WebServer

【Project C】Connect to Smart City

ADR Signal

Smart

House

【Project A, D】Connect to

Aggregator

4 Major City EMSfield Trial

TEPCO DR (BSP) Aggregator System

【Project B】ADR Standard Test

site

DRAS(Aggregator role)

TEPCO DR (BSP)Operation System

DRAS(Utility Retail role)

DRAS(Utility T&D role)

ADR Signal

ADR Signal

ADR Signal

ADR Signal

TEPCO Proprietary DR Signal

ADR Signal

ADR Signal

24

DR活動領域

Building

HVAC, light

Factory

facility

GeneratorBattery

Curtailment

Generation

DR implementer

(Aggregator)

Waseda EMS

Demo. Center

Utility

DRAS

price（yen/kW）

Price at JEPX

Expected demand

Area of Economic

replacement

Reliability

Retailer/Aggregator

ISO/RTO

Replacement

of Supply Capacity

New DR area Customer

Image of incentive based DR demonstration

Peak cut（BSP）

Curtailment

request

Negawatt

￥ ￥

Client

DRAS

Negawatt

Incentive

Ancillary service

METI had contracted with TEPCO and six DR aggregators for a demonstration

program regarding incentive based DR (Dec. 2013-Mar. 2015) which deals

with not only a peak cut in summer but also ancillary service and economical

replacement expanding the area of DR considering the forthcoming electric

power system reformation.

In this project, “Specification for DR interface, Ver.1.1a” was implemeted.

Curtailment

request

Incentive

Demonstration project for incentive based DR

25

Demonstration project for incentive based DR : Phase 2

Period : April, 2015 ~ March, 2016

Utility area : Tokyo, Kansai, Chubu

Aggregators : 22 entities

Target : Estimation of DR potential across Japan (Waseda)

Evaluation of “Nega-watt Trading Guideline” ~ Base Line (Waseda)

DR program : 3 Categories

- 10 min. ahead

- 1 hour ahead

- 1 day ahead

DR MENU 10min ahead 1 hour ahead 1 day ahead

Incentive (kW) JPY6,500/(kW-year) JPY5,000/(kW-year) none

Incentive (kWh) JPY20/kWh JPY20/kWh JPY30/kWh

Base Line Ave. 30min before

event dispatch

High 4 of 5 High 4 of 5

Period(duration)

Aug.-Oct. 13:00-17:00 (1 hour) 13:00-17:00 (2 hours) 13:00-17:00 (4 hours)

Nov.-Jan. 9:00-11:00/17:00-19:00

(1 hour)

9:00-11:00/17:00-19:00

(2 hours)

9:00-11:00/17:00-19:00

(4 hours)

Copyright ©2015 Waseda University. All Right Reserved 26

DR : remaining issues and perspective

Expansion of Area

Base Line, Measurement, Certainty

Potential of DR across the Country

Economic Value : kW, kWh

Consumer Engagement, Social Value of DR

Aggregation : Grid Code

Establishment of Capacity Market

Fast DR : Mitigation of RE variation

FY2013 Peak Load : 157GW

Certificated capacity

Target as of FY2030 ： 53GW

Operating capacity

5,300

Countermeasure

is strongly

required !!

Capacity Base

(104kW)

Purchasing price (1kWh)residential

non-residential42 JPY40 JPY (+TAX)

38JPY36 JPY (+TAX)

37 JPY32 JPY (+TAX)

Certificated capacity

(accumulation)

Operating capacity

(accumulation)

Operating and certificated capacity of PV (as of June, 2014)

27

28

95V

load loadload荷 load load

Prescribed

range

(101±6V)

107V

Voltage

substation

100/250V

6000VPower flow Reverse power flow from PV

Ou

tpu

t rela

tive

to ra

ting

Variation of PV output

(summer)

[hr]

Distance from substation

With PV

Without PV

１．Suppression of reverse power flow

Frequency deviation due to surplus electricity

Suppression of PV output due to deviation of

voltage from prescribed range

Voltage issue

２．Shortage of freq. regulation capacity

Suppression of PV output due to deviation of network

frequency from prescribed range (50±0.2 or 60±0.2)

Energy management

Distribution NW

Smart

school

Smart

building

PV

Wind

Battery

Smart

stores

Etc.

1 2 3 4 5 6 ７ 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

10

20

30

40

50

60

0

[%]

[h]

PVNuclear

hydro

（pumping up）Thermal

（Pumped-up hydro）

Smart house

supply） consumption

50±0.2H

(East Jap）

parking

Co-generation

SShouse

store

PV

Wind

Battry

Energy management

schoolスbuilding

ICT NW

Deviation from range of stable supply ⇒ unexpected disoperation, outage

Frequency issue

Surplus electricity

rainy

cloudy

sunny

〜 〜

suppression

Golden week

[%]

Power quality issues under massive integration of PV

METI’s Official Announcement

Enlargement of renewable integration under the new output-control scheme

- All the facilities will be subject to the output control- Shifting the current scheme for limiting renewable electricity output without

compensation to the operators of renewable energy power generation facilities (so-called "30-days rule") from a daily basis to an hourly basis

- Requiring the operators of renewable energy power generation facilities to introduce a remote output-control system

- Specified Electricity Utility System (over integration)

Approaches to expanding the future introduction of renewable energy

The Agency for Natural Resources and Energy (ANRE)“Revision of the Current Operation System for the Feed-in Tariff

Scheme toward the Maximum Introduction of Renewable Energy” (Dec 18, 2014)

29Source: http://www.meti.go.jp/english/press/2014/1218_01.html

Expanding capacity range of PV output suppression & Shift to 360hr-rule

30

デタ

PV panelPCS

（Target of control）Controller

（Telecom./Admin.）

Administration of

delivery destination

Administration of

delivery destination

Internet / VPN

Public NW/ Mobile NW

Schematic of “Remote control of PV generation”

Local private NWInternet / VPN

（Private line）

Regulation of

Supply / demand

PV panelPCS

（Target of control）Controller with calendar

（Telecom. / Admin.）

HAN

PV panelPCS（Target of control）

Controller with calendar（Telecom. / Admin.）

Local private NW

Power utility

Distributor（Aggregator,vendor, etc.）

Command

data

Time base suppressionNo compensation up to 360hr per year

Target:

500kW and larger

New

rule

Target:

All PV

(inc. residential)

Bottom limit

PV output after

suppression

Interface・Standardization・Guideline・Control via telecommunication

Day base suppressionNo compensation up to 30 days

Bottom limit

PV output with

no suppression

PV output after

suppression

Command

data

Command

data

Co

mm

and

data

Large scale PV generation（2000kW〜）

Middle and small scale PV（10〜500 or 2000kW）

Residential PV（〜10kW）

30

Technical challenges and necessity of communication controls with standard interface

①Preparation of telecommunication NW

②Upgrading forecast of PV generation

③System for estimating control volume for each of vast amount of PV generation systems

④Function of regulating reverse power flow into grid for residential PV

⑤Ensuring security when telecommunication is unavailable upon power outage, etc

Achievement of collective remote-control of PV suppression

for several hundred thousand houses with PV

【demerits without standardization】Lack of unification in interfaces of a communication control system among network operators, aggregators

and PV operators ⇒ rise in total cost

Standardization of

system interface

Deal with plural rules

・Use case

・Starting/ending time

・PV suppression period

・Amount of PV suppression

31

DR to save demand and to suppress renewable energy generation

32

Energy consumer

Energy producer

Adjustability consumer

Energy Producer

Adjustability producer

Prosumer(Producer＋Consumer)

Legacy DR (Deamnd Cut and peak shift)

Request to reduce

demand

Request to suppress

renewable energy power generation

Future DR

Demand

PV PV

TIme

Time

Demand

OpenADREvent information

• date, time,

duration

• reduction: kW

DR(Reduce/Increase demand) and Suppress PV

33

Energy producer

Adjustability producer

Heavy load（Load＞Gen.）

Request to reduce demand

Request to suppress RE gen.

DR (Reduce demand)

PV PV

PV PV

Demand

DR(Increase

demand)

Suppress Gen.

Normal Gen.

Light load（Load＜Gen.）

DR

Ag

gre

gato

r

PV

Ag

gre

gato

r

DR

Ag

gre

gato

r

Demand

DemandDemand

DR Aggregation By DR Aggregator with EMS

34

Retail operatorNetwork operator

DRAggregator

Bldg.1

Bldg.2

Bldg.3

DR event

signal

Incentive payment

DR contract

BEMS

BEMS

BEMS

DRCommandto BEMS

Peak cut

command Time

Time

Time

Co

nsu

mp

tio

n

Dem

an

d

BEMSSavings

DR 1DR 2DR 3

DR 3

DR 2

DR 1

DR 1DR 2DR 3

Building１Consumption

Building3Consumption

Building2

Consumption

DR 4DR 5

DR 5DR 4

Mansions1

MEMS

Time

Mansions1

Consumption

DR 4

Mansions2

MEMS

Time

DR 5

Battery Aggregator(Charging/Discharging

adjustment)

EV/PHV Aggregator(Charging time, Load control)

Air Conditioning Aggregator(Remote control, Demand restraint)

Private power

generation aggregator(Suppressing Buy/Sell Electricity)

DRCommandto MEMS

MEMSSavings

Mansions2

Consumption

Co

nsu

mp

tio

nC

on

sum

ptio

nC

on

sum

ptio

nC

on

sum

ptio

n

34

Copyright ©2015 Waseda University. All Right Reserved 35

Toward Cooperation of DER with Bulk Grid

Cooperative control

“connected” “integrated”

contribution to maintaining electricity quality

Integration of DER : e.g. demand, PV, EV/PHV, battery

size (capacity) & the number

matching with existing resources

local control (optimization), cooperation with xEMS

communication media and protocol

- grid level vs consumer level

- existing system

- international standard

Copyright ©2015 Waseda University. All Right Reserved 36

Toward Cooperation of DER with Bulk Grid

System Architecture

Grid operation (e.g. frequency, voltage) and services to consumers

Requirement from grid operation transfer as a function

xEMS as an interface and a control center for devices

- utilization of existing protocols, e.g. E-L, SEP2.0, BACnet

- expansion to realize the requirements from grid

Increasing role of “aggregators”

Smart Inverter : IEC 61850-90-7, IEEE 1547

Various functions : realized by parameters setting

changeable by telecommunication

Increase in flexibility of DER

Copyright ©2015 Waseda University. All Right Reserved 37

Thank you for your attention.

hideishii@aoni.waseda.jp