1. 12312 3 TGIS 2013

2. 2007 (Sebastopol, CA) 30 8 3. 2009(Barack Obama)(Memorandum on Transparency and Open Government) 5 (data.gov) 201110 geodata.gov data.gov 4. 1994OGC SDIs 1995 2005 Geospatial One-Stop (geodata.gov) 20032003/98/EC (PSI) (re-use) 20072007/2/EC(INSPIRE) 5. (Public Domain)(Open License) CC 3.0 OS OpenData Open Government License for Public Sector Information Open Data Commons Attribution License (ODC-By) 6. (Data Policy) (Polar Information Commons, PIC) (The Global Earth Observation System of Systems, GEOSS) (Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community, INSPIRE) 7. 1 (Access) 5 (Attribution) 2 (Redistribution)3 (Reuse)4 (Absence of Technological Restriction) 6 (Integrity) 8. 7 (No Discrimination Against Persons or Groups) 8 (No Discrimination Against Fields of Endeavor) 9 (Distribution of LICENSE) 10 (LICENSE Must Not Be Specic to a PACKAGE) 11(LICENSE Must Not Restrict the Distribution of Other Works) 9. (Database) 10. ... (open source)(open standards) (intellectual property right) 11. () (Public Domain) 12. () (Open Access) (licenses) CC (Creative Commons license) (Open DataCommons Open Database License, ODbL) 13. OKF Creative Commons CCZero Creative Commons Attribution Share-AlikeOpen Data Commons Open Database License Creative Commons Attribution Open Data Commons Attribution License 14. 15.