The First Industrial RevolutionMid 1700s-mid1800s

• The change from an agricultural, handicraft economy to one dominated by industry and mechanized manufacture.

• From home-based to factory-based

• Rural to urban

• And all the social changes that go with it!

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Where did it come from?

• Remember the Agricultural Revolution?

• The increase in food production and technological advances in farming led to….

• Urbanization

• Population growth

• England’s population doubled between 1750 and 1832.

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World Population, 400 BCE - 2000 CE

Which you know, led to social (and political) disruption

• The technological innovations born from the Scientific and Agricultural Revolutions start to be applied to making things that all of those people want and need.

• A growing population also meant that there was an increased need for resources, which require energy.

• People begin to unlock the energy captured in fossil fuels, which is far more productive than energy from water or biomass like wood.

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Please have out on your desk

• “So You want to be a Cotton Millionaire” game printout

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The Fossil Fuel RevolutionOver millions of years, ancient forests change into peat, then coal

and oil

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Coal mine in the Rhondda valley in Wales

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5 watts

Small wax candle, 800 BCE

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Parson’s turbine, 1884

100,000 watts

So….

• With “denser” fuel

• And better steam engines to tap into it, people begin to create mechanical devices that allowed things to be produced with less HUMAN energy.

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The increasing power of steam

engines

• People could produce “stuff” more efficiently.

• There is also the development of the factory system, which increased division of labor and specialization.

• But this means lots of social change.

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Power loom weaving Lancashire, 1835

The Transportation Revolution

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Robert Fulton’s Clermont Steamship

1807

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George Stephenson’s “Rocket” steam locomotive

1829

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Railway Development in Europe

1840

1850

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Railway Development in Europe

1880

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The Speed Revolution

One hour of optimum travel: Walking - 5 km Horse-drawn coach - 10 km Railway locomotive (1847) - 96 km Normannia steamship (1890) - 40 km French bullet train - 297 km Jet - 1000 km

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The Industrial Revolution

Fossil fuel energy in production and transportation

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Material moves more quicklyPeople moved more quickly.Ideas moved more quickly.

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$0.00

$500,000.00

$1,000,000.00

$1,500,000.00

$2,000,000.00

$2,500,000.00

$3,000,000.00

1700 1820 1870 1913

The Industrial Revolution meant powerful economic growth in the world as a whole.

World Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Dollars

as valued in 1990

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Adam Smith, and Enlightenment thinker

argued for ideas like these in his book The Wealth of

Nations (1776).

New economic ideas are flourishing…laissez faire

• People should be able to buy and sell land freely.

• People should be able to buy and sell labor freely.

• People should be able to buy and sell goods freely.

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Capitalism!

• Middle class industrialists loved the lack of rules• But there were some really negative consequences.

You have already seen some in your Luddite experience. Now we are going to take a different look at it.