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2011 PERIODIC TABLE POWER POINT.notebook
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February 22, 2011
Feb 1310:42 PM
The Periodic Table
Cl
HO
H
H H
H
H
C C
O
O
O
P
2011 PERIODIC TABLE POWER POINT.notebook
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February 22, 2011
Feb 1310:42 PM
Why is the Periodic Table important to me?
• The periodic table is the most useful tool to a chemist.• You get to use it on every test.• It organizes lots of information about all the known elements.
2011 PERIODIC TABLE POWER POINT.notebook
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February 22, 2011
Feb 1310:42 PM
PrePeriodic Table Chemistry …
• …was a mess!!!• No organization of elements.• Imagine going to a grocery store with no organization!!• Difficult to find information.• Chemistry didn’t make sense.
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February 22, 2011
Feb 1310:42 PM
Dmitri Mendeleev: Father of the Table
HOW HIS WORKED…• Put elements in rows by increasing atomic weight.• Put elements in columns by the way they reacted.
SOME PROBLEMS…• He left blank spaces for what he said were undiscovered elements. (Turned out he was right!)• He broke the pattern of increasing atomic weight to keep similar reacting elements together.
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February 22, 2011
Feb 1310:42 PM
The Current Periodic Table
• Mendeleev wasn’t too far off.• Now the elements are put in rows by increasing ATOMIC NUMBER!!• The horizontal rows are called periods and are labeled from 1 to 7.• The vertical columns are called groups are labeled from 1 to 18.
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February 22, 2011
Feb 1310:42 PM
Groups…Here’s Where the Periodic Table Gets Useful!!
• Elements in the same group have similar chemical and physical properties!! • (Mendeleev did that on purpose.)
Why??
They have the same number of valence electrons.They will form the same kinds of ions.
2011 PERIODIC TABLE POWER POINT.notebook
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February 22, 2011
Feb 1310:42 PM
Families on the Periodic Table
• Columns are also grouped into families.• Families may be one column, or several columns put together.• Families have names rather than numbers. (Just like your family has a common last name.)
2011 PERIODIC TABLE POWER POINT.notebook
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February 22, 2011
Feb 142:09 AM
Periodic Table
Time for a review!!
What do you remember????
H C C H
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February 22, 2011
Feb 142:17 AM
1 The first periodic table was arranged in rows by _______
A Atomic NumberB Atomic WeightC Atomic Space
Br
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February 22, 2011
Feb 142:18 AM
2 Groups on the periodic table is numbered 17.
Yes No C
H H
H
H
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February 22, 2011
Feb 142:20 AM
3 A row on the periodic table is called a period.
True False H
O
OHO
O
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February 22, 2011
Feb 142:23 AM
4 Elements in columns are known as... (multiple answers)
A Groups B Families
C Rows D Periods
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February 22, 2011
Feb 142:27 AM
5 Today's periodic table is arranged in rows by atomic number.
Yes No C
Cl
Br
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February 22, 2011
Feb 142:35 AM
6 Elements in vertical columns share the same ______ and ______properties.(multiple answers)A PhysicalB WeightC SpaceD Chemical
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February 22, 2011
Feb 1310:42 PM
Hydrogen
• Hydrogen belongs to a family of its own.• Hydrogen is a diatomic, reactive gas.• Hydrogen was involved in the explosion of the Hindenberg.• Hydrogen is promising as an alternative fuel source for automobiles
H H
Diatomic Molecule
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February 22, 2011
Feb 1310:42 PM
Alkali Metals
• 1st column on the periodic table (Group 1) not including hydrogen. • Very reactive metals, always combined with something else in nature (like in salt).• Soft enough to cut with a butter knife
H
Li
Na
K
Rb
Cs
Fr
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February 22, 2011
Feb 1310:42 PM
Alkaline Earth Metals
• Second column on the periodic table. (Group 2)• Reactive metals that are always combined with nonmetals in nature.• Several of these elements are important mineral nutrients (such as Mg and Ca
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February 22, 2011
Feb 1310:42 PM
Transition Metals• Elements in groups 312• Less reactive harder metals• Includes metals used in jewelry and construction.• Metals used “as metal.”
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February 22, 2011
Feb 1310:42 PM
Boron Family
• Elements in group 13• Aluminum metal was once rare and expensive, not a “disposable metal.”
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February 22, 2011
Feb 1310:42 PM
Carbon Family• Elements in group 14• Contains elements important to life and computers.• Carbon is the basis for an entire branch of chemistry.• Silicon and Germanium are important semiconductors.
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February 22, 2011
Feb 1310:42 PM
Nitrogen Family• Elements in group 15• Nitrogen makes up over ¾ of the atmosphere.• Nitrogen and phosphorus are both important in living things.• Most of the world’s nitrogen is not available to living things.• The red stuff on the tip of matches is phosphorus.
2011 PERIODIC TABLE POWER POINT.notebook
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February 22, 2011
Feb 1310:42 PM
Oxygen Family • Elements in group 16• Oxygen is necessary for respiration.• Many things that stink, contain sulfur (rotten eggs, garlic, skunks,etc.)
2011 PERIODIC TABLE POWER POINT.notebook
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February 22, 2011
Feb 1310:42 PM
Halogens
• Elements in group 17• Very reactive, volatile, diatomic, nonmetals• Always found combined with other element in nature .• Used as disinfectants and to strengthen teeth.
2011 PERIODIC TABLE POWER POINT.notebook
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February 22, 2011
Feb 1310:42 PM
The Noble Gases
• Elements in group 18• VERY unreactive, monatomic gases• Used in lighted “neon” signs• Used in blimps to fix the Hindenberg problem.• Have a full valence shell.
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February 22, 2011
Feb 148:39 PM
Lanthanides and Actinides
• Located at the bottom of the periodic table for convenience.• They are also known as the RARE EARTH ELEMENTS• They fit in periods 6 & 7 between alkaline earth metals and transition metals.• Lanthanides soft, shiny, high conductivity.• Actinides Thorium and Uranium exist on Earth in any significant amounts.
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February 22, 2011
Feb 1510:56 AM
Elements
Periodic Table Review
N
H
H
H
H
O
ON
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February 22, 2011
Feb 1511:04 AM
1 The most reactive group of elements are:
A Alkaline Earth MetalsB Alkali MetalsC Transition MetalsD Halogens
HHydrogen
MgMagnesium
CCarbon
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February 22, 2011
Feb 151:57 PM
2 Elements to the right of the zig zag line is known as _______
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February 22, 2011
Feb 152:03 PM
3 There are _____ groups on the periodic table.
CC
C
H
H
H
H
HH
H
H
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February 22, 2011
Feb 152:05 PM
4 Periods on the table determine energy shells.
Yes No
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February 22, 2011
Feb 152:11 PM
5 These elements act as a bridge connecting metals and non metals.
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February 22, 2011
Feb 152:25 PM
6 Alkaline Earth Metals are more reactive than alkali metals.
True False
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February 22, 2011
Feb 152:48 PM
7 Lanthanides and Actinides are also known as Rare Earth Elements.
Yes No