the role of social media in bullying and teen dating violence pca ga conference

Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta

The Role of Social Media in Bullying and Teen Dating

Violence: Impacts and Prevention

1

September 11, 2014Amber McKeenKara Klein

The Role of Social Media in Bullying and Teen Dating Violence: Impacts

and Prevention

Amber McKeen, Child Abuse Prevention TrainerKara Klein, CCLS, Child Life SpecialistStephanie V. Blank Center for Safe and Healthy Children at Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta

2

The planners (Amber McKeen, BS) and the speakers (Amber McKeen & Kara Klein, CCLS) for this series have disclosed that they do not have any financial relationships with commercial supporters (pharmaceutical or device manufacturers).


Objectives

• Assess the role of social media in bullying and teen dating violence

• Recognize signs of bullying and teen dating violence

• Discuss intervention and prevention strategies that adults and teens can use to address online bullying and abuse, and stay safe online as well as in face-to-face interactions

3


How teens use technology to communicate

• Texting vs Calling– Decline in the number of teens who report “talking” on

cell phone

• Computer vs hand held device– Social media– Apps

• Video games– World of Warcraft, Xbox, PS4, etc

• ¼ teens are “cell-mostly users”Madden et al., Teens and Technology 2013 (2013). Berkman Center for Internet and Society. Harvard University

4


Texting

• Most common form of communication– 63% of teens say they exchange texts everyday– 39% of teens say they talk on the phone everyday– 35% socialize face-to-face outside of school

• New study suggests teens send around 60 texts a day– Older teens (14-17) send the most texts – median of

100/day

• Read receipts• Abbreviations

Lenhart, A. Teens, Smartphones and Texting (2013). Pew Research Center’s Internet & American Life Project

6


“Sexting”

• Sending sexually explicit messages, photos or videos primarily via cell phones or other social media

• Study conducted in 2011 of 948 high school students in Texas– 28% have sent a naked picture of themselves– 31% have asked someone for a sext– 57% had been asked to send a sext

• Sexting dangers include legal consequences– Distribution of child pornography

7

Temple, JR, et al. Teen Sexting and Its Association With Sexual Behaviors. Article. http://archpedi.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1212181


Social Media 411

• What is social media?– Interaction among people

who create and share/exchange information and ideas in “virtual networks”

– Uses mobile and web based technology

– Not just “social sharing”– Social networking

8


Social Media 411

• Hashtags– People search for a specific hashtag – Ex. I just did the #icebucketchallenge #ALS – Loving this warm weather! #sun #finally #timetogettan– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=57dzaMaouXA

9

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=57dzaMaouXA


Social Media 411

• GPS– Geotagging adds geographical identification to media

10


Have an iPhone? Grab it!

• Go to your Settings

• Then Privacy

• Now Location Services

• Scroll ALL the way to the BOTTOM – System Services

• Then select Frequent Locations – Scroll to History

11


Facebook

• Most used social networking site worldwide • Allows friends to connect by sharing their “status”, photos,

articles, etc• Social Status– Teens showing waning interest in FB, yet continue to use it as

part of teenage socializing– Teens focus on the maintenance and content of social media

presence • Importance of “Likes”

• Automatic location tagged on posts and photos • Threat of posting harassing or embarrassing information on FB

– “tagging”

12


Instagram

• Photo-sharing social networking site – Artsy filters, likes

• Captions, hashtags, tag friends• “Follow” friends/strangers/celebrities• Screen names

13


Instagram

• Pros– Sense of social acceptance– Creativity– Privacy settings

• Cons– #snapchat #thot #kikme– Geotagging– Creepy vs popularity

14


Instagram

15


Twitter

• 140 character “tweet” limit • Allows people to quickly and easily connect with friends, celebrities, local organizations/businesses,

public figures, etc.

- Form of “microblogging”- Retweeting- @username- # Hashtags

16


Twitter

17


Tinder

• Dating app • Shows collection of

facebook photos to interested parties in area

• Demographic 18-32, but getting younger

• Press heart if you find person attractive, X if not. If you match you can start chatting

18


Blogging/Microblogging

Tumblr– User can post photos, quotes, links, music, and videos

from your browser, phone, desktop, email– User can customize look, color etc– People can comment– “banned” for children under the age of 13

19


Blogging/Microblogging

• Pros– Can display art, recipes, projects– Self expression, independence

• Cons– Self harm and suicide promoting blogs– Porn easy to find– cyberbullying

20


ask.fm

• Social networking site where users can ask other users questions – It can be anonymous– Anyone can see your page/content

• Based in Latvia• Cons– Sited as reason for numerous bullying and suicide

attempts, death threats– No one monitors the content

• “If you receive a question that makes you uncomfortable for any reason, do not respond to the question.”

21

Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta 22


Whisper

• Encourages users to share secrets (anonymously)

• “Express yourself – share secrets – meet new people”

• Text expressions of secrets placed over stylized images

24


Whisper

• Pros– Ways for people to express themselves and share thoughts

and fears

• Cons– Cyberbullying– Used to meet people

25


Messaging Apps

26

• Alternative to texting– No message limits– Use data or wi-fi

• Facebook Messenger– Integrated with the FB chat– “free texting from facebook”– Stickers instead of emoticons– Get messages instantly (like a text)

• Whatsapp• Voxer• Kik


Snapchat

• People exchange pictures and videos which expire after a set period of time (10 seconds or less)

• “Pictures disappear”– Screenshot, digging around in the

hidden files, taking a picture of the phone with another phone

• Teens aged 13-15 in Montreal charged with production, possession and distribution of child pornography

27


Snapchat

• “My Story” allows all snapchat friends to see your story (compilation of photos/videos) for extended periods of time

• Save snaps without the senders knowledge– Snapbox (ios)– Snapchat saver (android)– Snapcrack (ios)– SaveMySnaps (android)– SnapSave (android)

28

Recognizing TDV & Bullying

29


What is Teen Dating Violence?

“The pattern of repeated actual or threatened acts that physically, sexually, or verbally abuse a member of an unmarried heterosexual or homosexual couple in which one or both partners is between thirteen and twenty years old”

Carlson, CN. Invisible Victims: Holding the Educational System Liable for Teen Dating Violence at School. Harvard Women’s Law Journal, 26, 351-393


What is Cyberbullying?

Being cruel to others by sending or posting harmful material or engaging in other forms of social aggression using the internet or other forms of digital technology

Williard, N. Educator’s Guide to Cyberbullying, Cyberthreats, & Sexting. Center for Safe and Responsible Use of the Internet.


Forms of Abuse

Physical

Emotional

Sexual

Electronic

Aggression

Herrman JW. (2009). There’s a Fine Line…Adolescent Dating Violence and Prevention. Pediatric Nursing, 35 (3), 164-170.

Teen Power and Control Wheel


Cyberbullying vs. Traditional Bullying

Differences

Anonymous

Bully does not see victims reaction

Can occur at anytime

Messages and images can be distributed to large number of people quickly

Many adults do not have the know how to keep up with activity online so behavior often goes

unchecked

Standing up for yourself can cause the problems to escalate

Similarities

Repetition of events

Imbalance of power

Likely to be a victim of both traditional and

cyberbullying

Kowalski, R & Limber, S.P. (2007). Electronic Bullying Among Middle School Students. Journal of Adolescent Health, 41, S22-S30. Hinduja S and Patchin JW, Overview of Cyberbullying, White House Conference on Bullying Prevention, March 2011


Warning signs: Victim

⁻ Appears nervous or jumpy when an IM or email appears

⁻ Appears uneasy about going to school/outside

⁻ Appears angry, depressed, or frustrated after using technology

⁻ Avoids discussion about what doing on computer or cell phone

⁻ Becomes abnormally withdrawn from family and friends

– Apologizes for the behavior or makes excuses for it

– Frequently worries about making partner angry

– Stops doing things that are important to them to make partner happy

– Cancels plans with friends at the last minute

– Afraid to break up because partner may hurt them, or themselves

Reviving Ophelia clip

http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/771246505/trailers/11147517/


Warning signs: Bully/Aggressor

– Says what to do or wear– Makes false accusations or

constantly accuses partner of cheating

– Doesn’t want their partner spending time with others

– Blames partner for their problems

– Has huge mood swings and goes from being really angry to very sweet in short periods of time

⁻ Quickly switching screens/closing programs when you walk by

⁻ Gets unusually upset when computer/cell phone privileges taken away

⁻ Avoids discussing what do online

⁻ Appears to be using multiple accounts, or account that is not their own


Who’s at Risk?

• Teen brain development• Victims of child sexual abuse• Parental involvement• Geographic region• Neighborhood/school• Music/Media

37


Why is TDV an issue?

• Consequences to victim– Mental health– Low self-esteem– Injuries, death

• Consequences to perpetrator– Expulsion– Criminal record– Mental health

• Cycle of violence

38


Prevalence of TDV in Georgia

12.4% of teens report dating violence

#4 in the US

Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2013

http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/ss/ss6304.pdf


How Often Does Cyberbullying Occur?• Percentage of youth that report being victims of

cyberbullying has increased by 50% from 2000 to 2005

• Adolescents reporting being a victim range from 5% to 70% – Approximately 20% of 11-18 yr olds report being a victim– Approximately 20% of 11-18 yr olds report bullying online

• 10% of youth report having been both aggressor and victim

Social Media and Pop Culture Influences

43


Considerations

• Social Media – Threat of posting harassing or embarrassing information

• Texting– Texting their partner every hour between 10pm and 5am– Experiencing harassment, name-calling, or put downs

from current or former dating partner

• Sexting– 50% of teens admit they feel pressured to “sext”

• 18% shared the images with others

• GPS– Tracking

44


Cyberstalking

• Use of internet or electronic means to stalk or harass an individual• “Face-Stalking”• “Lurking”

• Noah• Written, Directed, Produced, Edited by Walter Woodman & Patrick CederbergFor permission to view the video, contact [email protected] &

[email protected]

45

http://vimeo.com/65935223

mailto:[email protected]



Tumblr

• Young teen gf “best revenge pics”• “exboyfriendrevenge”

47


Whisper

48


Media and Pop Culture Influences

Be thinking about…• Teen role models and influences • How can we use our knowledge of this information

to challenge common beliefs about relationship norms and what is acceptable

• Normalizing behaviors

50


“Real Life” Examples

51

WIREIMAGEPUBLISHED: 06/25/2013 10:08:37

Sammie Giancola and Ronnie Ortiz-MagroNo more amore! 'Jersey Shore's' on-off-on-off couple Ronnie Ortiz-Magro and Sammi (Sweetheart) Giancola have broken up ... again. The pair called it quits shortly after the show's fourth season finale aired.

Rihanna & Chris Brown On Again Off Again couple since Brown’s Assault on Rihanna in 2009. At the time of the assault he was 19 and she was 20 .

Kourtney Kardashian & Scott DisickAlcohol fueled tirades , Kourtney concerned for her and her son’s safety

http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/gossip/favorite-on-again-off-again-celebrity-couples-gallery-1.46130?pmSlide=1


Reactions to Chris Brown’s brutal assault on Rihanna

52


“Reality” TV Shows

• Violence = good ratings• High entertainment value of domestic violence• Does this normalize these behaviors?• The “Real World” on MTV

53


Music Videos

• Misery- Maroon 5• We Found Love- Rihanna and Calvin Harris• Want U Back- Cher Lloyd • Criminal- Britney Spears • It Will Rain- Bruno Mars • Paparazzi- Lady Gaga• Love The Way You Lie- Eminem and Rihanna• Man Down- Rihanna

54

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6g6g2mvItp4

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tg00YEETFzg

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LPgvNlrBfb0

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s6b33PTbGxk

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W-w3WfgpcGg

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d2smz_1L2_0

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uelHwf8o7_U

What can we do?


Reporting Teen Dating Violence

• Only 1 in 11 episodes of dating violence reported• Variety of reasons why teens do not report:– Unaware it is abuse– Denial– Stigma– Self-blame

– Adult beliefs: • 81% believe DV is not a teen problem• Fail to validate teens feelings for partner• Teen relationships are not serious, easy to get out

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Dating Matters: Understanding Teen Dating Violence Prevention.


Who do teens tell?


What you can do

• As a professional– Maintain security on all public devices– Educate parents and children about safe internet usage – Maintain familiarity with emerging trends in technology

– www.commonsensemedia.com

58

http://www.commonsensemedia.com/


What you can do

Agatston, P.W., Kowalski, R, & Limber, S. (2007). Students’ Perspectives on Cyber Bullying. Journal of Adolescent Health, 41, S59-S60.; Williard, N. (2007). The Authority and Responsibility of School Officials in Responding to Cyberbullying. Journal of Adolescent Health, 41, S64-S65.

• School settingˉ Determine extent of problem in your

school/community and gather a group of stakeholders to combat the issue

ˉ Evaluate internet use policies ˉ if necessary, implement new policies to monitor

Internet use of studentsˉ Have parents and children sign policy agreeing on

proper use of school district technology


What you can do

Agatston, P.W., Kowalski, R, & Limber, S. (2007). Students’ Perspectives on Cyber Bullying. Journal of Adolescent Health, 41, S59-S60.; Hinduja S and Patchin JW, Overview of Cyberbullying, White House Conference on Bullying Prevention, March 2011

• School setting⁻ Engage youth to move from initiator disengaged

onlookers positive defenders⁻ Engage youth leaders and peer mentors⁻ Include bullying and abuse prevention programs &

train school staff⁻ Address known cases of bullying/abuse

immediately and develop creative response strategies to deal with it


Policies Regarding Cyberbullying

•School can prohibit student speech if it would substantially interfere with work of school or impinge upon rights of other students, including their right to be secure

Tinker v. Des Moines Indep.

Cnty. Sch. Dist. 393 U.S. 503 (1969)

•Georgia has laws regarding cyberbullying but only if it occurs on school district technology

State laws on bullying

Summary of State Laws on Cyberbullying

Williard, N. (2007). The Authority and Responsibility of School Officials in Responding to Cyberbullying. Journal of Adolescent Health, 41, S64-S65.

http://www.cyberbullying.us/Bullying_and_Cyberbullying_Laws.pdf


What you can do

• As a parent– Talk to your kids about internet safety! – Familiarize yourself with the technology your teens and

young children are using• Continue to keep pace with new trends

– Place parental control blocks on internet connected devices

– Create joint accounts (make them private)– Turn off geo-location services– Approve followers/friends– Have passwords and let them know you can check anytime

62


As a Caregiver- talk to your kids EARLY• Teach teens about healthy vs. unhealthy relationships • They need to feel secure talking to you• Create a supportive environment– Be available– Show respect for each other– Need to be able to trust you– Show interest by asking questions in a comfortable order and style

Choose Respect: www.cdc.gov/chooserespect


Educate about Social Networking Safety

• Teach teens about media literacy- need to think critically about the messages they are receiving – Social and News Media

• Help teens build their own voice, values and goals

• When online: – Always ask everyone if it’s alright to “check them in”

(geotag)– Rule of thumb: don’t do or say anything online you

wouldn’t in person

64


Guidelines for Introducing Conversation• Start with a general question • Let your teen be the expert on his/her world• Relate your discussion to things they are interested in– Use examples we discussed, or find your own

• Ask how you can help


Create Rules

• Set an age for dating• Make sure your teen is not spending a lot of time in

unsupervised situations• Set guidelines for your teen’s outings• Be aware of what your teens are doing and who they are with• Impose rules on internet use– 40% of adolescents report parents do not impose rules


Everyone interacting with teens could…

• Model healthy behaviors

• Recognize red flags

• Listen to teens without judging when they ask for help

• Be supportive, and avoid criticizing their dating partner

• Be aware of resources that can help teens being bullied or involved in abusive relationships


What if you find a teen is being victimized?

Brainstorm with teens – who to call, where to go if in imminent danger, what they should take with them– Encourage them:• To tell parents or family members if there is someone they are

afraid of• To try not to be alone with their partner- go out in public

places, try to always keep a cell phone on them, let other’s know where they are • If they’re breaking up, don’t break up in person/alone• To always tell an adult or someone who can help if someone

threatens violence


What if you find a teen is being victimized online?

• Change passwords & block access to social networking• Don’t respond or retaliate to online harassment • Keep a record of any harassing messages, posts or comments

– Save the documents/emails– Take screenshots

Safety Plan


Remember:

It’s ok if you don’t have all the answers – be honest and offer to help find out the facts together

Lil Wayne How to Love

http://www.vevo.com/watch/lil-wayne/how-to-love-shazam-version/USCMV1100066?source=instantsearch


Resources- Teen Dating Violence

• National Teen Dating Abuse Hotline: 1-866-331-9474, www.loveisrespect.org

• National Domestic Violence Hotline: 1-800-799-SAFE (7233)

• National Sexual Assault Hotline: 1-800-656-HOPE (4673)

• National Center for Victims of Crime: www.ncvc.org

• Nat’l Youth Violence Prevention Resource Center:

www.safeyouth.org

• Choose Respect Initiative: www.cdc.gov/chooserespect

http://www.loveisrespect.org/

http://www.ncvc.org/

http://www.safeyouth.org/

http://www.cdc.gov/chooserespect


Resources- Teen Dating Violence

• Safe Dates: Prevention program for dating abuse http://www.crimesolutions.gov/ProgramDetails.aspx?ID=142

• Healthy Relationships curriculum http://www.m4c.ns.ca/

• Futures Without Violence http://www.futureswithoutviolence.org/

• Safety Plans- www.endabuse.org and www.ndvh.org

• Respect Works! http://www.respect-works.com/

• www.commonsensemedia.com

http://www.crimesolutions.gov/ProgramDetails.aspx?ID=142

http://www.m4c.ns.ca/

http://www.futureswithoutviolence.org/

http://www.endabuse.org/

http://www.ndvh.org/

http://www.respect-works.com/

http://www.commonsensemedia.com/


Resources- Bullying/Cyberbullying

• Programs for peer leaders in schools www.sourcesofstrength.org• Stop Bullying Now: www.stopbullying.hrsa.gov• A Thin Line: www.athinline.org/drawyourline• STRYVE: Striving to Reduce Youth Violence Everywhere:

www.safeyouth.gov• Teens Against Bullying: www.pacerteensagainstbullying.org• Kids Against Bullying: www.pacerkidsagainstbullying.org• Stop Bullying: Speak Up:

http://www.cartoonnetwork.com/tv_shows/promotion_landing_page/stopbullying/index.html

• Youth Frontiers: www.youthfrontiers.org• Bully Bust: www.schoolclimate.org/bullybust• Bi-Annual event to STAND up against bullying www.standupday.com • LGBTQ bullying support www.itgetsbetter.org

http://www.sourcesofstrength.org/

http://www.stopbullying.hrsa.gov/

http://www.athinline.org/drawyourline

http://www.safeyouth.gov/

http://www.pacerteensagainstbullying.org/

http://www.pacerkidsagainstbullying.org/



http://www.youthfrontiers.org/

http://www.schoolclimate.org/bullybust

http://www.standupday.com/

http://www.itgetsbetter.org/


Resources- Bullying/Cyberbullying

• Olweus Bullying Prevention Program: www.olweus.org• New website launched by the US government launched in March of this

year www.stopbullying.gov• Parent guidebook http://www.onguardonline.gov/topics/net-cetera.aspx• State Policies on bullying www.nasbe.org/healthy_schools/hs/index.php• State of Massachusetts model plan for school policy on bullying

www.doe.mass.edu/bullying/modelplan.pdf• Center For Safe and Responsible Internet Use: www.cyberbullying.org• National Crime Prevention Council: www.ncpc.org• PACER Center-National Center for Bullying Prevention:

www.pacer.org/bullying• PBS Kids GO http://pbskids.org/itsmylife/ • American School Counselor bullying report form

http://www.olweus.org/

http://www.stopbullying.gov/

http://www.onguardonline.gov/topics/net-cetera.aspx

http://www.nasbe.org/healthy_schools/hs/index.php

http://www.doe.mass.edu/bullying/modelplan.pdf

http://www.cyberbullying.org/

http://www.ncpc.org/

http://www.pacer.org/bullying

http://pbskids.org/itsmylife/

Questions?

More training opportunitieswww.choa.org/cptraining

Amber [email protected] Kara Klein [email protected] 75

http://www.choa.org/cptraining




“This project was supported in part by the Governor’s Office for Children and Families through the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Community Based Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CFDA 93.590). Points of view or opinions stated in this document are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the Governor’s Office for Children and Families or the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Community Based Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CFDA 93.590)."