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What is chemistry?

The study of matter and the

changes it undergoes

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Properties of Matter

Matter is anything that

has mass and volume

(takes up space)

Most everything is

made of matter

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What is mass?

Mass is the amount of

matter in an object

Mass is constant

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Weight

The measure of the force

of gravity on the mass of

an object

Weight changes with

gravity

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What are properties?

Characteristics used to

describe an object

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What is a physical property?

Physical properties

are those that can be

observed without

changing the identity

of the substance

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What is a physical change? Physical changes involve

the changing of physical

properties

Type of matter remains

the same

Intensive versus Extensive

Intensive properties are independent of amount (stays the same no matter how much you have)

Extensive properties change with amount

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Phase changes Can involve a change in

volume, but mass

remains constant

Adding or removing

energy from matter

results in phase changes

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Chemical properties

Describe how a

substance changes

into new substances

are chemical

properties

Ex: flammability

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Chemical changes

The change of a

substance into a new and

different substance

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Questions

What is another name for

a chemical change?

How is a chemical

change different from a

physical change?

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States of matter

1) Solid- matter that can not flow (definite shape) and has definite volume.

2) Liquid- definite volume but takes the shape of its container (flows).

3) Gas- a substance without definite volume or shape and can flow.

Vapor- a substance that is currently a gas, but normally is a liquid or solid at room temperature.

Classification of Matter

Pure substances: can not be separated by any physical means

Mixtures: combination of two or more substance

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Substances: element or compound

Elements- simplest kind of matter

all one kind of atom.

Compounds - substances that can be broken down only by chemical methods

when broken down, the pieces have completely different properties than the original compound.

made of two or more atoms, chemically combined (not just a physical blend!)

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Mixtures are a physical blend of at least two substances; have variable composition.

1) Heterogeneous – the mixture is not uniform in composition

2) Homogeneous - same composition throughout; called “solutions”

Periodic Table

Elements have a 1 or two letter symbol, and compounds have a formula.

An element’s first letter always capitalized; if there is a second letter, it is written lowercase: B, Ba, C, Ca, H, He

Columns = Groups (families)

Rows = Periods

Elements can be classified as metals, non-metals and metalloids

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Separating Mixtures

Differences in physical properties can be used to separate mixtures.

1. Filtration - separates a solid from the liquid in a heterogeneous mixture (by size)

2. Crystallization – separates solids that are dissolved in a liquid

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3. Distillation: takes advantage of

different boiling points.

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4. Components of dyes such as

ink may be separated by

chromatography.

Research

Pure (basic) research: done for the sake of gaining knowledge

Applied research: done with a specific goal in mind

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