thiết kế thủy phi cơ- tổng hợp-trung3

8/6/2019 thit k thy phi c- tng hp-Trung3

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Thit k thy phi c4 ch ngi

L B TRUNG Page 1

TRNG I HC BCH KHOA TP H CH MINHKHOA K THUT GIAO THNG

B MN K THUT HNG KHNG

------

SVTH : L B TRUNG G0702663

PHN: TNH TON THY-KH NG


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1. NHU CU SDNG THY PHI C VIT NAM .......................................................... 4

1.1 Khi nim v thy phi c......................................................................................................... 4

1.2 iu kin t nhin ................................................................................................................... 4

1.3 iu kin nhn to................................................................................................................... 5

1.4 Cc nhu cu hin ti cn c thy phi c................................................................................... 9

1.5 Khnng ch to my bay trong nc ..................................................................................... 10

1.6Kt lun................................................................................................................................... 102. TM HIU V THY PHI C ............................................................................................. 12

2.1 Khi nim phn loi.............................................................................................................. 12

2.2 Lch s pht trin thy phi c.................................................................................................. 13

2.3 Nguyn l hot ng ............................................................................................................... 15

2.4 Cc bn v phc tho ............................................................................................................... 20

3. TNG V LA CHN PHNG N THIT K...................................................... 25

3.1 Phn loi ................................................................................................................................. 25

3.1.1 Thy phi c chuyn th t my bay nh ........................................................................ 25

3.1.2 Thy phi cchuyn dng .............................................................................................. 25

3.1.3 Thy phi c lng tnh .................................................................................................. 26

3.2 La chn thit k thy phi c.................................................................................................. 26

4. TNH TON KHI LNG CT CNH CA THY PHI C........................................ 29

4.1 Xc nh .................................................................................................................................. 32

4.2 Xc nh trng lng ca nhin liu ........................................................................................ 32

4.3 Xc nh trng lng ct cnhWTO , trng lng rng WE ....................................................... 34

5. XC NH DIN TCH CNH, TI LC TRN CNH V H S LC NNG ......... 36

5.1 Thit k theo vn tc stall ........................................................................................................ 36

5.2 Yu cu v qung ng ct cnh............................................................................................ 36

5.3 Yu cu v qung ng h cnh ............................................................................................ 38

5.4 Yu cu vly cao ............................................................................................................. 40

5.5 Yu cu v thi gian ly cao .............................................................................................. 43

5.6 Yu cu v vn tc bay bng ................................................................................................... 45

6. THIT K CU HNH CC B PHN CA THY PHI C........................................... 49

6.1 Thit k thn thy phi c......................................................................................................... 49


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6.2 B tr ch ngi v chiu cao thn ca thy phi c.................................................................... 50

6.3 Thit k ca cho thy phi c.................................................................................................... 52

6.5 Thit kbc nhy cho thy phi c......................................................................................... 53

6.6 Cu hnh phn thn ngp nc................................................................................................. 55

6.7 Thit k cu hnh cnh ............................................................................................................. 56

6.8 Thit k cu hnh ui ............................................................................................................. 59

6.9 Phn b khi lng s b - vtr t cnh ................................................................................ 60

7. TNG HP THIT KS B............................................................................................. 62

8. TNH TON KH NG CHO THY PHI C.................................................................. 69

8.1 Bin dng cnh ........................................................................................................................ 698.2 Cnh t (flap) .......................................................................................................................... 69

8.3 Aileron .................................................................................................................................... 73

8. 4 c tnh lc cn ca my bay................................................................................................. 74

8.4.1 H s lc cn ca cnh my bay .................................................................................... 74

8.4.2 H s lc cn ca thn my bay ..................................................................................... 76

8.4.3 H s lc cn ca ui my bay .................................................................................... 77

8.4.4 H s lc cn ca cnh t ............................................................................................. 77

8.4.5 H s lc cn ca cng p............................................................................................ 78

9. TNH TON THY NG CHO THY PHI C.............................................................. 79

9.1 L thuyt n nh ca thy phi c trn nc ............................................................................ 79

9.2 Tnh ton n nh cho thy phi c........................................................................................... 83

NHN XT- KT LUN ........................................................................................................... 86

Ti liu tham kho ...................................................................................................................... 87


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1. NHU CU SDNG THY PHI C VIT NAM

1.1Khi nim v thy phi cThy phi c (seaplane) l mt loi my bay cnh cnh c th ct cnh v h cnh

trn mt nc. Thy phi c c s dng ph bin nhng vng c nhiu sng v h (nngthn), ni m ngi ta c th dng mt nc lm ng bng.

1.2iu kin tnhinV tr a l: Vit Nam l mt quc gia thuc vng ng Nam (c ta a l:

Kinh tuyn: 1028-10927 ng; V tuyn: 827-2323 Bc), nm cc ng ca bn o

ng Dng, c din tch t lin vo khong 331.698km2, vng bin ti 1,000,000 km2 vi

ng bbin di 3260 km2(khng tnh cc o).

a hnh Vit Nam ch yu chia lm 2 dng chnh: i ni v ng bng. Trong

in hnh nht l 2 ng bng chu th ln l ng bng chu th sng Hng (63,780 km2) v

ng bng chu th sng Cu Long (40,000 km2). c bit l sng Cu Long l con sng ln

th 12 trn th gii, con sng mang nhiu ph sa v tu b c thi t ngoi bin qua trn

con sng nng ny n tn Kompong Chm Campuchia. Mt nhnh ph t h Tonle

Sap chy hp vo vi con sng Phnm Pnh, y l mt hnc ngt nng, ng vai trmt h cha t nhin lm n nh dng chy h lu sng Cu Long. Khi con sng thi

k l, vng ng bng ca sng khng th thot kp lng nc khng l ca n. Nc l

chy ngc vo h Tonl Sap, lm cho h ngp trn v mrng ra n 10,000 km2.

- Mt nc: Sng Vit Nam c mt mng li sng dy c trong c 2360 con

sng c chiu di hn 10 km. Tm trong sny l cc lu vc rng ln vi din tch lu vc

l 10,000 km trln. Cc con sng chy qua Vit Nam bao gm nhiu con sng quc t.

- H cha: Hu ht cc p v h cha Vit Nam c xy dng cho mc ch

khc nhau, bao gm kim sot l, thy li, thy in, cp nc, qun l lu lng khc. Nht

l nhiu hn t 20-30 tui. C khong 3,600 h cha ca cc kch ckhc nhau, trong c

t hn 15% l ln hoc trung bnh.


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H cha Lu vc (km )Khi lng

(t m)

Ti tiu

Din tch

(ha)

Thy in

(MW)

Ha Bnh 51,700 9,450 1,920

Thc B 6,100 2,940 108

Tr An 14,600 2,760 420

Du Ting 2,700 1,580 72,000

Thc M 2,200 1,370 150

Yaly 7,455 1,037 720

Ph Ninh 235 414 23,000

Sng Hinh 772 357 66

K G 223 345 17,000

1.3iu kin nhn toCc sn bay hin ti ang c khai thc v s dng Vit Nam:

a im ICAO IATA Tn sn bay Ta

SN BAY QUC T

Cn Th VVCT VCA Sn bay quc t Cn Th 10 05'07 "N 105 42'43" E

Chu Lai VVCL VCL Sn bay quc t Chu Lai 15 24'22 "N 108 42'20" E

Lt

VVDL DLI

Sn bay quc t Lin

Khng 11 45'02 "N 108 22'25" E


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Nng VVDN DAD Sn bay quc t Nng 16 02'38 "N 108 11'58" E

Hi Phng

VVCI HPH Sn bay quc t Ct Bi 20 49'09 "N 106 43'29" E

H Ni VVNB HAN Sn bay quc t Ni Bi 21 13'16 "N 105 48'26" E

Thnh ph H

Ch Minh VVTS SGN

Sn bay quc tTn Sn

Nht 10 49'08 "N 106 39'07" E

Hu VVPB HUI Sn bay quc t Ph Bi 16 24'06 "N 107 42'10" E

Nha Trang VVCR CXRSn bay quc t Cam

Ranh11 59'53 "N 109 13'10" E

SN BAY TRONG NC

Bun Ma Thut VVBM BMV Sn bay Bun Ma Thut 12 40'05 "N 108 07'12" E

C Mau VVCM CAH Sn bay C Mau 09 10'32 "N 105 10'46" E

Cn Island VVCS VCS Sn bay Cng 08 43'57 "N 106 37'44" E

Lt VVCL Sn bay Cam Ly 11 56'34 "N 108 24'54" E

in Bin Ph VVDB DIN Sn bay in Bin Ph 21 23'50 "N 103 00'28" E

ng Hi

VDH

Sn bay ng Hi

xy dng li phc v

cc chuyn bay thng

mi

17 30'54 "N 106 35'26" E

Hi Phng VV03 VDH Sn bay Kin An 20 48'12 "N 106 36'17" E

Ph Quc VVPQ PQC Sn bay Dng ng 10 13'33 "N 103 57'39" E


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Pleiku VVPK PXU Sn bay Pleiku 14 00'16 "N 108 01'02" E

Qui Nhn VVPC UIH Sn bay Ph Ct

13 57'18 "N 109 02'32" E

Rch Gi VVRG VKG Sn bay Rch Gi 9 o 57'35 "N 105 8'2" E

Sn La VVNS SQH Sn bay N Sn 21 12'53 "N 104 02'07" E

Tuy Ha VVTH TBB Sn bay ng Tc 13 02'58 "N 109 20'01" E

Vinh VVVH VII Sn bay Vinh 18 44'12 0,21 "N 105 40'150,17" E

Vng Tu VVVT VTG Sn bay Vng Tu 10 22'0 "N 107 05'0" E

QUN CNG / cn c khng qun

Bc Giang Kp cn c khng qun

Bin Ha

Cn c khng qun Bin

Ha

H Ty

Ha Lc cn c khng

qun

H Ni VVGL Gia Lm cn c khngqun

21 02'27 0,51 "N 105 53'090,64" E

Nha Trang VVNT NHACn c khng qun Nha

Trang12 13'39 "N 109 11'33" E

Ngh An

Anh Sn sn bay

Phan Rang VVPR PHA Phan Rang Air Base


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Thanh Ha

Thanh Ha cn c khng

qun

Trng Sa

Trng Sa sn bay

Yn Bi

Yn Bi cn c khng

qun

XUT CNG

Thnh ph H

Ch Minh

Sn bay quc t Long

Thnh

Lng Sn

Lng Sn cn c khng

qun

Ph Quc

Sn bay quc t Ph Quc

Qung Ninh Sn bay quc t Qung

Ninh

Cu SN BAY

Bn Tre

Bn Tre sn bay

Bin Ha

Xun Lc sn bay

Bnh Thun Phan Thit, sn bay

Cn Th

Bnh Thy Air Base

chuyn i nh sn bay

Tr Nc

k Lk An Kh Airport


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H Ni

Sn bay Bch Mai

Long An Sn bay Tn An

Qung Tr

ng H sn bay

Ty Ninh

Ty Ninh sn bay

Tr Vinh

Sn bay Tr Vinh

Vnh Long Sn bay Vnh Long

Lm ng Bo Lc, sn bay

Lm ng Sn bay Lc Pht

Bnh Dng Ph Li sn bay

1.4Cc nhu cu hin ti cn c thy phi c-i vi cng tc hun luyn bay: nhm o to ra ngun nhn lc phi cng ni a

vi mc chi ph rhn khi ta gi ra o to nc ngoi vi cc phng tin hin c. Ngoi

ra an ton trong qu trnh hun luyn cng tang cao.

-i vi cng tc du lch: Vit Nam l mt t nc c nhiu danh lam thng cnh

p, trong c mt s danh lam thng cnh c UNESSCO cng nhn l danh lam

thng cnh p ca th gii nh Vnh H Long, Vnh Nha Trang, c Hu th vic phttrin thy phi c 4 ch ngi chnh l nhm phc v cho cng tc pht trin du lch vi cc

loi hnh du lch trn khng, chp nh trn khng

-i vi cng tc vn ti: Vit Nam l nc c dn sng, nht l cc thnh ph

ln nh thnh ph H Ch Minh, H ni th mt dn s rt ln, ko theo l cc nn v

n tc giao thng din ra trn nn c sh tng v giao thng cn cht hp th thy phi c l

gii php tt v kh mi m trong vic vn chuyn hng ha bng ng hng khng vi cc

u th l nhanh, gn v c ng.


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-i vi cng tc nng nghip: hin nay cch mng rung t ca Vit Nam ang

bc vo mt giai on mi vi vic xa bcc hnh lang ngn chia rung t gia cc h

nng dn khin cho din tch canh tc c tng ln, thm vo vic u t trn mt mnh

t ln hn khin cho cc hgia nh cng u t hn. y l tn hiu ng mng cho c nn

nng nghip ni chung v chin lc pht trin thy phi c ni ring v c thng dng thy

phi c vo vic phun thuc tr su trong nng nghip cng nh quan st lm nghip trong

vic trng rng.

-i vi cng tc y t, cu h: Vit Nam l nc nm trong vnh ai nhit i gi

ma, nn thng xy ra thin tai l lt. Nn vic cao cng tc y t cu h l vic lm cn

thit. Hn na, cng tc y t cu h cn c mt lc lng c ng v phn ng nhanh cho

nhiu tnh hung khc nhau. iu ny t ra cho thy phi c mt yu cu ln.

- i vi cc lnh vc khc: nghin cu khoa hc cho cc cnh rng, cc a hnh

hay cc iu kin kh hu Vit Nam cng cn c my bay quan st t trn cao; phc v

cng tc nghin cu o c bn , thng tin a l: thy phi c nhc a vo s dng s

rt thun li cho cng tc ny. Chi ph cho cng tc nghin cu cng c gim xung ng

k

1.5Khnng ch to my bay trong nc:- Lut hng khng dn dung hin ti cho php ch to v khuyn khch ch to

nhng vn cha c tiu chun kim nh.

- Tim nng sn xut trong nc kh tt vi cc i ra i nh VAM-1, VAM-2,

VNS- 41

- Nhn cng Vit Nam ngy cng c o to tt, chuyn mn ha, tip cn gn hn

vi cc cng ngh hin i rt c li cho vic ch to my bay ni chung v thy phi c ni

ring.

1.6Kt lun- a hnh Vit Nam rt thun li cho vic pht trin cc my bay nh, nht l thy

phi c.


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- H thng sn bay hin ti v ang c nng cp trong tng lai cng vi lut hng

khng Vit Nam quy nh v bi p sn bay nn hin chng ta c rt nhiu vtr p cho

my bay va v nh vi chng loi phong ph.

- Vi nhng nhu cu hin ti trong du lch v vn ti, ang t ra cho vic thit k

my bay va v nh mt tng lai rt sng sa. My bay va v nh ni chung v thy phi

c ni ring s cng vi cc phng tin giao thng hin ti sn c thc y s pht trin

nhanh v mnh hn na nn kinh t v nn khoa hc k thut ca Vit Nam.


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2. TM HIU V THY PHI C

2.1 Khi nim phn loi (tham kho bi ca Huy)

C 2 loi thy phi c c bn, loi th nht l loi thy phi c dng hai phao (c 1 strng hp dng 3) lp di thn my bay (floatplane), cc phao ny ni v trt trn mtnc (ging vn trt), cn thn my bay th khng, phn ln l cc loi thy phi c nhhoc my bay nh lp thm phao v trthnh thy phi c. Loi th hai l loi kt hp phaovo thn my bay (flying boat), phn tip nc chnh ca n l thn ca chnh n, tng tnh thn ca tu thuyn thng thng gip chng ni trn mt nc, hai bn cnh c lpthm phao nhtng sc ni v githng bng trn nc, phn ln l cc thy phi c cln.

Ngoi ra cn c loi thy phi c lng c c thp c trn b ln di nc.Loi thy phi c ny c lp thm cc bnh xe nh cc my bay p trn b, cc bnh xeny c th tht vo thn khi ct cnh v h cnh trn nc. Loi thy phi c lng cthng thy l loi p bng (flying boat).

Mt nhc im ca thy phi c l kh c th h cnh trn mt nc bxo ng, yl mt vn cn phi bn nhiu. Ty theo loi thy phi c to hay nh m khnng p trnmt nc xo ng cng khc nhau, thy phi c cng to th cng c khnng p c trnmt nc xo ng.


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u, nhc im ca thy phi c p bng hai phao (floatplane) v thy phi c p bng(flying boat):

- Thy phi c p bng hai phao (floatplane):

u im:

+ Hai phao c cu to n gin, d tnh ton v ch to.

+ Phn thn my bay khng btc ng ln khi my bay ct h cnh nn vt liuch to v dy cn thit ca v thn my bay s khng qu ln.

+ V tr t ng c thun li: c tht pha trc mi hay hai bn cnh nhnhng kiu my bay truyn thng.

Nhc im:+ Hai phao lm gia tng ng k lc cn ca my bay.

+ Kh c th thit k thm h thng cng p thy phi c c th va p dinc va c s dng sn bay mt t.

- Thy phi c p bng (flying boat):

u im: n nh hn float plane do c trng tm thp hn, din tch tip xcnc ln hn v c thm phao ph gi thn bng.

Nhc im: Vn lm kn, kt cu thn

2.2 Lch spht trin thy phi c( tham kho bi ca Lc)

- Thng 6/1905, ln u tin trn th gii, Gabriel Voisin (ks ngi Php), thit kth nghim chic thy phi c u tin (khng ng c), bay u tin trn sng Seine (Pari), cao 1520m, v on ng bay c l 2000m, c ko bi mt chic tu. Thy PhiC ny c thit c hai tng cnh v 2 phao ni trn mt nc.

- Thng 3/1910, chuyn bay u tin ca mt thy phi c c thc hin bi ksngi php Henri Fabre. Tn ca thy phi c l Le Canard ngha l vt, ct cnh t mtnc v bay c 1.650ft.

- Thng 10/1910, Voisin Canard trthnh thy phi c u tin bay qua sng Seine, vthng 3/1912, thy phi c u tin c s dng trong cc bi tp qun s.

- Ngy 27/03/1919, cc chuyn bay xuyn i Ty Dng u tin c honthnh vo mt tu Hi qun Hoa Kbay NC th im ca Albert Read, tCanada n Bo Nha qua qun o Azores.

- Ngy 12 thng nm 1930, Jean Mermoz thc hin mt chuyn bay vt i TyDng Nam Dng t Dakar Ty Phi thuc Php n Natal, Brazil, trong mt thy phi c28 Latecoere.


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Cc thy phi c sau c ra i nh:

Aeromarine 75 Boeing Clipper Consolidated Commodore Dornier Wal HU-16 Albatross Latcore 631 Martin China Clipper Sikorsky VS-44 Short Kent Short Empire

Tiu biu cho cc loi trn, n khong nm 1936, khi mt nhm cc nh cng nghipgiu c, bao gm Henry Morgan, Marshall Field v ER Harriman, mun ddng hn i

li t nh ca hLong Island, New York, n khu ti chnh huyn Wall Street. H titrcho Roy Grumman thit kmi my bay c th ct cnh tcc ngbng ring t cahn n gn khu ti chnh. Grumman thit k li thy phi c chin u sau chin tranhthnh mt phin bn thy phi c thng mi, c gi l Mallard Grumman.

Trong Th chin II, hu ht lc lng hi qun s dng thy phi c cho t m kim,trinh st v cu h, v chin tranh chng tu ngm. Ph bin nht l chic PBY Catalina caHoa K. Anh, Nga, v Canada, v nhiu nc khc, cng thit k chic thy phi c tng t.

Hi qun M s dng mt i thy phi c cu h, trinh st v c nhiu trang bsng my v bom. Hu ht cc thit gip hm mang mt hoc hai thy phi c phng phthin cc mc tiu, hoc chng li my bay trinh st ch.

V d nh:

Aichi E13A Arado 196 Blohm & Voss BV 222 Wiking CANT Z.501 Dornier Do 18 Dornier Do 24

Kawanishi H8K "Emily" Mitsubishi F1M Consolidated Catalina Consolidated Coronado Martin Mariner Short Sunderland Supermarine Sea Otter Supermarine Stranraer Supermarine Walrus

Cc thy phi c ch c sn xut s dng sau chin tranh, Mallard Grumman thit

k thy phi c thng mi nh mt my bay tht, vi cng ngh hin i v phm vi dihn, hnh khch ln hn v ti hng ha ln hn.


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2.3Nguyn l hot ng (tham kho bi ca Php)- Cu to chung:

- Stc ng ca nc i vi thy phi c:i vi thy phi c, khi ct cnh hoch cnh, ngoi s tc ng ca hng gi ln my bay, ta cn phi k them stc ng casng bin (nc) n sn nh ca my bay trong lc ct h cnh.


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Thyphi cmun ca trn mt nc vn tc thp thng dungbnh li nc t di phao.

Nguyn l ca ca thy phi c da vo cn bng lc ly tm v lc cn gi trnh ltmy bay.


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Nguyn l ct cnh:

Gm 4 giai on:

+ Giai on cho my bay di chuyn- The displacement phase

+ Giai on tng tc - the hump or plowing phase

+ Giai on tch nc - the hump or plowing phase

+ Giai on ct cnh - the lift-off


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Khi my bay ct cnh th bnh li nc cn c thu vo nhm hn ch nhng tcng nguy him p lc nc gy ra i vi bnh li.

H cnh:


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2.4 CC BNG V PHC THO

Bn v 1: thit k ca Php

Bn lun v thit k trn:

- ng c t quay ngc ra sau nhng kh st thn nn vic gim ting n l khng tt.- Cnh di, thun tin cho khch i vo bung li.- Thn phao chia ra lm 2 ng n nh trn mt nc lc p v u tt, chng c

hin tng b lt do cng phao thp.


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Bn v 2: thit k ca Huy


- ng c t sau ui nn gim thiu c ti a ting n do ng c gy ra.- V ng c t sau ui v kh cao nn vic lc cn do ng c gy ra kh ln v phitnh ton kt cu ca ui k chu ti ca ng c.


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Bn v 3: thit k ca Khng


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- ng c t trn cao so vi thn nn vic thit k v kt cu s phc tp.- ng c ko, nn vic ng gp cho n nh tnh thp v lc cn nhiu, gy tn cng

sut ng c.- Btr ui khng tn dng c khng gian.


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Bn v 4: thit k ca Trung


- p nc bng thn nn d tch hp thm cng p trn b.-

My bay s dng 2 ng c trn cnh, xa thn nn s c li cho vic gim ting n dong c gy ra. Mt khc 2 ng c san ton hn trong vic di chuyn tng trnghp mt ng c b hng, my bay c th tip tc di chuyn hoc p vi 1 ng c.

- Cnh t pha trn, bt li l khi cp bn khch khng th di chuyn trn cnh votrc tip thn m phi di chuyn gin tip bng tu b hoc my bay phi cp bn.

- Cnh t pha trn, bt li l phao ph sc cnh tay n di nn phi gia c thm.


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3. TNG V LA CHN PHNG N THIT K

3.1 Phn loi

Thy phi c cng ging nh cc loi my bay p cng b nh thng, cng kh cnhiu kiu loi, rt phong ph. Da vo tnh nng s dng ca thy phi c, sau khi tho lun,nhm chng ti phn loi thy phi c thnh 3 nhm nh sau:

+ Thy phi c chuyn th t my bay nh.

+ Thy phi c chuyn dng.

+ Thy phi c lng tnh.

Ta s cng tm hiu u nhc im ca cc loi thy phi c ny:

3.1.1 Thy phi c chuyn th tmy bay nh

y l loi thy phi c c ch to bng cch dng cc my bay nh c sn, thocng v lp phao vo thnh thy phi c.

Thun li:

- Tn dng c ngun my bay nh c sn, gim c chi ph ch tomi, mua mi, thit k mi.

- Tn dng c my bay c.- C tnh lnh ng v c th thay th bnh xe thnh phao khi cn dng

v ngc li.

Khuyt im:

- Khu chuyn loi thay th, lp rp rc ri, mt thi gian nn chchuyn c hn ch s ln lp rp.

- Tn nguyn cng ch to phao v lp rp.- Thit k phao cho my bay s lm gim tnh nng kh ng ca my

bay v gia tng lc lc cn.

- Tng khi lng my bay, tn cng sut ng c.- Vn v kt cu cng p phao.- D lt, kh tch hp cng p b

3.1.2 Thy phi c chuyn dng

y l loi thy phi c c tnh ton, thit k da trn cc l thuyt v thy phi c.

Thun li:

- Ti u v mt kh ng trong mi trng hot ng.- Kh an ton trong trng hp ri ro th my bay s bin thnh xung,

vn c th di chuyn trn mt nc.


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- Thun li cho vic ra vo khoang chngi.Khuyt im:

-

Khng chuyn ha c nh my bay nh.- Tn chi ph bo tr sa cha v phi ko ln b.3.1.3 Thy phi c lng tnh

y l loi thy phi c c thit k cho c vic p trn bnh mt my bay nhnhng ngc li li vn c y cc tnh nng nh mt thy phi c chuyn dng.

Thun li:

- C ng trong vic la chn bi p v tn dng c cc thun lica 2 loi kia.

Khuyt im:

- Thit kcng p th tng thm chi ph cho vic thit k.- Tn chi ph cho vic lm kn thn vi cng p.

Da vo cc dkin c tho lun trn, chng ta thy rng vic la chn thitkthy phi c lng tnh l vic ti u vnhiu mt.

3.2 La chn thit k thy phi c

a. Phn p nc:

+ Thy phi c dng phao p:

Thun li:

- Vn v vic lm kn thn khng qu phc tp.- Nhiu la chn v vtr t cnh cng nh t ng c.- Kt cu thn n gin.- C khnng n nh theo phng cnh tt hn thy phi c p bng.

Khuyt im:

- D lt theo phng dc trc, nht l trong qu trnh ct h cnh.- Kh tch hp cng p khi cn p b.- Tn cng sut ng trong qu trn bay bng do phao sinh ra lc cn.- Kt cu cng phao phc tp.+ Thy phi c p bng:

Thun li:

- D lp t cng p cn.


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- Hiu sut s dng ng c phao do thn p bng khi ln khng th trthnh thn mybay nh my bay nh.

- D ra vo khoang chkhch.- Chng lt tt v c th pht trin ln chc nhiu ngi vi cng

nguyn l thit k.- An ton hn khi c ri ro.

Khuyt im:

- Phi gn thm phao ph cho vic n nh theo phng si cnh.- Lm kn thn chng vo nc phc tp.- Vtr t ng c khng c nhiu la chn.

b. Vtr t ng c:

+ Trc mi: ting n ln, kt cu cin, n gin.

+ Cnh: ting n t hn, nhng vn v kt cu v kh ng phi c lu .

+ ui: t ting n, kt cu kh phc tp nhng c th tn dng c kt cu ca uing.

c. an ton:

+ My bay 2 ng c: an ton, ng c nhnhng chi ph cao, kt cu lp t phc

tp.+ My bay 1 ng c: gn, kt cu n gin, chi ph r.

Kt lun: Da trn ton b cc dkin trn, nhm tho lun a ra c mtthit kmy bay tha mn kh tt cc c im thun li trn v gim thiu c khuytim nh hnh bn di.


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Cc thng sc bn (tham kho mt smy bay 4 chtng ng):

- Ti trng: 4 ngi, mi ngi trung bnh 70 kg + 20 kg hnh l => ti trng l 360 kg.

- Tc bay bng: 200 km/h

- Tm bay: 500 km

- cao hot ng: 4000 m


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4. TNH TON KHI LNG CT CNH CA THY PHI

C

Yu cu thit k:

- Thy phi c 4 chngi vi ti trng: W 4 (65 25) 360 794PL kg lbs

- Tm bay: 500 310 270crR km sm nm

- Cao bay: 4000 m = 13123 ft

- Tc bay bng: 200 / 108V km h kts

S bay:

climb

cruise

descent

En ine start and warmu

taxi

Take- off Landing

Taxi

Shut down

1 2 3

4

5

6

7


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Nhim v: c tnh trng lng ct cnh TOW , trng lng rng WEv trng lng nhin

liu FW cho thy phi c.

Trng lng ca my bay khi ct cnh gm c cc thnh phn khi lng sau:W W W W WTO E F CREW FTO PLW

Trong :

:TOW thnh phn khi lng tng cng

W :E trng lng rng ca my bay

W :Ftrng lng nhin liu

W :CREW trng lng phi hnh on

W :FTO trng lng nhin liu tng cng v du thy lc

W :PL trng lng hnh khch

V thy phc ang c thit k thuc dng my bay nh nn h thng thy lc cng gp khng ng k vo trng lng ca my bay nn ta coi nh rt nh v b qua.Thy

phi c l my bay 4 ch ngi nn trng lng ca phi hnh on ch c 1 phi cng nn ta tnhchung vo lun vi trng lng ca hnh khch. V vy biu thc tnh trng lng trn ta cth thu gn li nh sau:

W W WTO E F PLW

Qu trnh tnh ton cc thnh phn khi lng c xt qua cc giai on nh sau:

- Giai on 1: xc nh ti trng TOW - Giai on 2: Don trng lng ct cnh, , uesTO g sW - Giai on 3: Xc nh trng lng ca nhin liu, WFuel - Giai on 4: Tnh ton trng lng rng ca phi c, WEtent- Giai on 5: Tnh ton trng lng rng cho php, WE- Giai on 6: So snh cc gi tr WEtentv WE, lp li qu trnh tnh ton giai on 3

v giai on 5 sao cho sai lch ca 2 gi trtrn khng qu 5% l c.


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4.1 Xc nh WPL

- Thy phi c c 3 ch ngi v 1 phi cng.- Ly trng lng trung bnh ca ngi Vit Nam l 65kg.- Mc ch chnh ca thy phi c l air- taxi v du lch nn mi ngi c th mang

theo khong 25kg hnh l. Vy tng cng mi ngi l 90kg.

Suy ra ti trng ca ton b hnh khch trn thy phi c l:

W 90 4 360( ) 794( )PL kg lbs

- Don trng lng ct cnh , uesWTO g s ca thy phi c: Thy phi c 4 chngi tac thc tnh rng thy phi c ny c trng lng khong 2100( ) 951lbs kg .

4.1 Xc nh trng lng ca nhin liu

W WRESF FUEL F

W

Trong : WFUEL : lng nhin liu cn thit

WRESF

: lng nhin liu dtr.

Lng nhin liu d trc hiu l lng nhin liu cn thit trong mt strng

hp ri ro v thng c biu din theo lng nhin liu s dng ESWR FUELM di dngsau:

USesW ( 1)W

EDF r FM

V trong trng hp thy phi c ca chng ta, ta chn Mres=0.15 cho nhng trnghp cn thit khi c ri ro xy ra.

Xc nh trng lng nhin liu:

Phng php xc nh trng lng nhin liu ca thy phi c l ta s chia chuynbay thnh cc giai on khc nhau, ng vi cc giai on y s l mt trng lng thy

phi c ban u giai on v sau giai on. S gim v khi lng ca thy phi c chnh ltrng lng tiu hao nhin liu trong giai on .

Ta c s bay:


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Sdng s bay v bng tra sliu c tnh s b nhin liu trn.

C 7 giai on trong qu trnh bay ca thy phi c:

+ Giai on 1: qu trnh khi ng ng c v lm nng.

Trng lng ban u ca my bay l TOW , trng lng lc sau l 1W . Tra bng 2.1 theo loi thy phi c ta c t l 1W 0.992

WTO

+ Giai on 2: qu trnh chy ra ng bng.

Trng lng ban u ca my bay l 1W, trng lng lc sau l 2W . Tra bng 2.1 theo loi thyphi c ta c t l 2

1

W0.99

W .

+ Giai on 3: qu trnh my bay ct cnh.

Trng lng ban u ca my bay l 2W , trng lng lc sau l 3W . Tra bng 2.1 theo loi thy phi c ta c t l 3

2

W0.996

W .

+ Giai on 4: qu trnh bay ly cao.

Trng lng ban u ca my bay l 3W, trng lng lc sau l 4W . Tra bng 2.1 theo loi thy phi c ta c t l 2

3

W0.985

W .


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+ Giai on 5: qu trnh bay bng.

V qu trnh ny l qu trnh ph thuc vo qung ng bay, nn mc tiuhao nhin liu ta s khng th dng bng tra c m s s dng cng thc Breguet

tnh t s tiu hao nhin liu ca my bay:

4

5

375 lnW

p

cr

p

WLR

c D

Vi loi phi c, ta c tra bng trn tng ng ta c:

/ 11L D , 0.75p , 0.6pc

Tm xa ca thy phi c: 270 500crR nm km

Ta suy ra:

5

4

W 270exp exp 0.953

0.75W 375 12375 0.6

cr

p

p

R

L

c D

+ Giai on 6: qu trnh h cnh.


5

W0.99

W

.


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+ Giai on 7: qu trnh p, chy vim dng v tt my.


W0.99W .

Vy tnh c t s gim trng lng trong ton b qu trnh bay:

611

1

WW0.992 0.99 0.996 0.985 0.953 0.99 0.99

W W

0.8999

ii

ff

iTO i

M

Trng lng nhin liu m thy phi c phi mang theo trong hnh trnh bay:

es

es

1 1 W

0.15

0.8999

W 2100

W 1 0.15 1 0.8999 2100

241.74( )

F r ff TO

r

ff

TO

F

W M M

M

M

lbs

lbs

4.3 Xc nh trng lng ct cnh WTO , trng lng rng WE

Ta c trng lng c tnh 2100TOW lbs , vy trng lng rng ca my bay theo

c on:

Etent uesW W W 2100 241.74 794 1064.26TOg s F PLW lbs

Trong , quan h cc sA,B c tm thy trong bng sau:


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Tra bng trn ta c A=0.1703, B=1.0083. Tuy nhin cc h s trong bng trntng ng vi loi vt liu l cc loi thy phi c thit k vi vt liu c, ngy nay, vt liuch to cho cc loi phi c c ti u hn vng vt liu composite. Do vy ta s s dngh s A, B hiu chnh

ewW WEn Eold

Trong : EnewW : l trng lng rng ch to bng vt liu mi

WEold : l trng lng rng thy phi c cin.

Vi vt liu mi l composite th 0.8 , ta tnh c cc h snh sau:

10 10log 0.1703 1.0083 log 0.75 0.268newA A B

Thay th A,B mi vo phng trnh tnh trng lng rng ca my bay ban u ta c:

10log W

W 10 1069.01TO newA

BE

lbs

Ta so snh vi trng lng Ete 1064ntW lbs , sai s l

Ete% W W 100% 1069.24 1064 100% 0.49%nt E

Kt lun: Vy c lng ban u l kh chnh xc. Ta c th ly lun trnglng ct cnh ban u ca thy phi c l 2100lbs


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5. XC NH DIN TCH CNH, TI LC TRN CNH VH S LC NNG.

5.1 Thit k theo vn tc stall ( vn tc tht nng)Theo tiu chun FAR 23 v thit k my bay c ni rng, vn tc tht nng ca my

bay khng c ln hn 50kts khi p i vi ng bng v khng ln hn 60kts khi ctcnh tnh t mc nc bin.

Ta c cng thc xc nh vn tc stallnh sau:

max

2 W /stall

L

SV

C

i vi thy phi c, ta chn: max 1.8LC v max 2.4L LC

Khi cc cnh t c th xung ti a:

2 3

2max

50 1.689 0.002378 / 2.4W20.3513

2 2stall L

TO

kts slug ft V Cpsf

S

Khi cc cnh t c ko ln hon ton:

2 3

2max

60 1.689 0.002378 / 1.8W21.979

2 2stall L

TO

kts slug ft V Cpsf

S

tha mn cng lc hai yu cu trn th ti lc trn cnhW

TOS

phi nhhn 20.3513 psf.

5.2 Yu cu v qung ng ct cnh

Qung ng my bay lt trn nc nhm t lc y, v vn tc c th ct cnh

TOGS (take-off ground run) t l vi take-off wing loading (W/S)TO, take-off power loading

(W/P)TO v h s lc nng ln nht khi ct cnh maxL TOC :

23

max

W / W / TO TO

TO

L TO

S PS TOP

C

Trong TOP23 c tnh theo cng thc sau i vi cc my bay chong chng:

2

23 234.9 0.009TOGS TOP TOP

Mt khc ta c qung ng ct cnh cn thit c cng thc:

2

23 231.66 8.134 0.0149TO TOGS S TOP TOP


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Thng thng cc thy phi c c qung ng ct cnh tm 200-300m, do ct cnhdi nc th lc cn nhiu. Vy ta gi thit rng qung ng ct cnh ca thy phi c l

270 900TOS m ft .

Thvo phng trnh trn ta c: 2

23 23900 8.134 0.0149TOP TOP

Gii phng trnh ny ta c :2

23 294lbs

TOPft hp

Gi thit cao ti mc nc bin ta c 1

23 max max94W /W/S W /

L TO L TO

TO

TO TO

TOP C C P

S

Kho st theo maxL TOC ta c bng sau:

C l max TO 1.6 1.8 2 2.2(W/S)TO (W/P) TO (W/P) TO (W/P) TO (W/P) TO

4 37.60 42.30 47.00 51.705 30.08 33.84 37.60 41.366 25.07 28.20 31.33 34.477 21.49 24.17 26.86 29.548 18.80 21.15 23.50 25.85

9 16.71 18.80 20.89 22.9810 15.04 16.92 18.80 20.6811 13.67 15.38 17.09 18.8012 12.53 14.10 15.67 17.2313 11.57 13.02 14.46 15.9114 10.74 12.09 13.43 14.7715 10.03 11.28 12.53 13.79


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5.3 Yu cu v qung ng h cnh

Qung ng h cnh trn mt nc c nhiu lc cn, theo cng thc ca ti liu [1],

trang 108: c: 20.265LLG S

S V .

Qung ng h cnh bng: 1.938L LGS S .

T ta c: 20.5136LL S

S V .

i vi cc my bay h cnh trn b th qung ng hcnh thng ln hn qungng ct cnh 1.5 ln nhng i vi thy phi c p nc bng bng nh loi chng ta ang cp n th lc cn nc ng vai tr cc k ln, nn qung ng h cnh nh, khong150-200m. y ta gi thit rng qung ng h cnh vo khong 183m tc l khong

600ft.1/2

60038.85 65.59 /

0.5136LSV kts ft s

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

35.00

40.00

45.00

50.00

55.00

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

Cl=1.6

Cl=1.8

Cl=2

Cl=2.2

Take-off distance

(W/S)TO

(W/P)TO


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Theo bng 3.3, ti liu tham kho [1] ta c :

Tra cho thy phi c ta c W 0.98W

L

TO

.

Th cc thng s vo cng thc: tnh qung ng h cnh:

21/2

max

max

2

max

max

2 W / W

2 W / W

65.59 0.002378

2 0.98

5.219

L

L

S L LL

S

TOL L L TO

L L

L L

V CSV

C S

C

C

Gi tr cho CLmaxLi vi thy phi c c th ly t1.8 2.6

C l max L 1.800 2.000 2.200 2.400 2.600

(W/S) to 9.394 10.438 11.482 12.526 13.569


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5.4 Yu cu vly cao

Ta xc nh biu thc lc cn ca my bay :

0

2

ARL

D DCC C

e

Theo cc tiu chun ca FAR 23, h s lc cn0D

C c tnh theo cng thc sau :

0D

fC

S

wet

wet

log log

log logTO

f a b S

S c d W

Trong : S : din tch cnh ca thy phi c.

Swet : din tch t ca thy phi c.

f : din tch tng i quy i.

AR : aspect ratio.

e : h s Oswald.

a,b,c,d : h s ty thuc vo tng loi my bay.Theo bng 3.5 ti liu tham kho [1] ta c vi loi thy phi c:


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Ta tra c c=0.6295 ; d=0.6708

Suy ra : 2log 0.6295 0.6708*log 2081 716.8wet wet S S ft

Tip tc t bng 3.4 ti liu tham kho [1] ta tra h s a, b ng vi loi thy phi ctheo t s fc . M nhn thy a, b thay i khng nhiu theo fc nn trong qu trnh thit k ta

c th chn mt gi trf

c bt k. y ta chnf

c =0.006 suy ra :

2

2.218

1

log 2.218 1 log 716.8

4.339

a

b

f

f ft

Ta c cng thc tnh lc nng ca my bay:

22 2

2 2

1 2W 2 952 9.81

2 0.819 55 0.5

15.08 167.55

L

L

L V SC SV C

S m ft

Suy ra:0

4.3390.0258

167.55DC

Xt nh hng ca cnh t:S liu Thng k

Configuration 0DC e

Clean 0 0.85

Take-off flaps 0.015 0.8

Landing flaps 0.065 0.75

Phao 0.0068 No effect

Ta chn chord c=1.6m suy ra AR=9.5

Yu cu v tc ly cao:

Theo FAR 23, tc ly cao duodcj tnh theo cng thc

1/2

3/2 1/2

( / )

( / ) 19 ( / )P

L D

W SRCP

W P C C


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Gi tr RC max khi3/2

axL

D

Cm

C, v RCP c tnh theo RCmax.

0

3/2 3/4 3/4

1/4 1/4

max( ) (0.85 9.5)1.345 1.345 16.08(0.0258)

L

D D

C e ARC C

My bay ang mc nc bin nn 1 theo FAR 23 ta c:

RC 33000 RCP 300 fpm RCP 300 / 33000 0.0091 hp / lbs

Gi thit rng hiu sut 0.8 suy ra :

1/2W /0.8

0.0091W / 19 16.08

TO

S

P

ng c piston : 1.1TO

cont

P

P

(W/S)TO (W/P)cont (W/P)TO

4 51.13 46.48

5 48.72 44.29

6 46.74 42.49

7 45.05 40.95

8 43.58 39.62

9 42.28 38.44

10 41.13 37.39

11 40.09 36.44

12 39.14 35.5813 38.28 34.80

14 37.48 34.07

15 36.74 33.40


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5.5 Yu cu v thi gian ly cao

Vn tc climb cao H t l vi vn tc climb mc nc bin theo quan h sau :

0 1 / absRC RC h h

Trong : RC0 : l tc bay ly cao mc nc bin (ft/min)

RCh : l tc bay ly cao cao H (ft/min)

Ta c tc ly cao mc nc bin theo cng thc :

1

0 ln 1abs

cl abs

h hRC

t h

Vi habs : l cao tuyt i ca thy phi c.

Gi thit rng thi gian my t dc 3000ft l trong 10p theo bng 3.7 ti liu thamkho [1] , ta c : 12000ft=3600m

30.00

32.00

34.00

36.00

38.00

40.00

42.00

44.00

46.00

48.00

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

climb require


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1 1

0

5000 3000ln 1 ln 1 458.145

10 5000abs

cl abs

h hRC fpm

t h

Theo tiu chun FAR 23 ta c :

00

1/2

0 3/2 1/2

0.01433000

W /0.014

W/P 19 ( / )P

L D

RCRCP

SRCP

C C

H s lc cn trong trng hp ny l : 20.0393 0.04974D L

C C

Ta xt cc trng hp sau :

0

0

3/2 3/4 3/4

1/4 1/4

ax

AR 0.8( ) (0.80 8)

0.85 1.345 1.345 12.17(0.0393)

0.0393

L

D DmD

C e ARe

C CC

0

0

3/2 3/4 3/4

1/4 1/4

axD

AR = 9.5( ) (0.85 9.5)

e=0.80 1.345 1.345 14.47(0.0393)

C 0.0393

L

D Dm

C e AR

C C

Thay ln lt cc gi trtrn vo phng trnh RCP0, ta rt c bng sau :

AR=8 AR=9.5

(W/S)TO (W/P)cont (W/P)TO (W/S)TO (W/P)cont (W/P)TO

4 45.07 40.97 4 48.86 37.25

5 42.62 38.75 5 46.42 35.22

6 40.62 36.93 6 44.42 33.57

7 38.94 35.40 7 42.73 32.19

8 37.50 34.09 8 41.26 30.99

9 36.24 32.95 9 39.98 29.95

10 35.12 31.93 10 38.83 29.03

11 34.12 31.02 11 37.80 28.20

12 33.22 30.20 12 36.87 27.46


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13 32.40 29.45 13 36.01 26.78

14 31.64 28.77 14 35.23 26.15

15 30.95 28.13 15 34.50 25.58

Biu

5.6 Yu cu v vn tc bay bng

Vn tc bay bng i vi my bay cnh qut thng c tnh ton iu kin 75n 80% cng sut ti a. Trong iu kin ny lc cn cm ng l kh nh.

Cng sut cn thit thy phi c hot ng cao 3000 ft tng ng vi vn tccruise l: re DP TV C qSV .

Theo Loftin vn tc bay bng t l vi Ip(power index) trong IP cho bi biu thc:

1/ 3( / )

( / )pW S

IW P

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

35.00

40.00

45.00

50.00

55.00

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

AR=8

AR=9.5

(W/S)TO

(W/P)TO


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T th 3.28 ti liu tham kho [1]

Ta c pI 0.75 ng vi 111cruiseV mph v cao 3000 ft, 0.9074

Suy ra: (W/S)/(W/P) = 3pI = 0.3828

mc nc bin: / 0.6TOP P

Suy ra:W 0.3828 W W

0.638S 0.6 P PTO TO TO

.

Kt qubng sau:

(W/S)TO (W/P)TO (W/S)TO (W/P)TO

4 6.27 10 15.67

5 7.84 11 17.24

6 9.40 12 18.81

7 10.97 13 20.38

8 12.54 14 21.94

9 14.11 15 23.51


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Biu

Tng hp cc kt qu

0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

14.00

16.00

18.00

20.00

22.00

24.00

26.00

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

(W/S)TO

(W/P)TO

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Result

(W/S)TO

(W/P)TO

1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6

CL max landing

cruise

speed

AR=8

AR=9.5

P


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th tng hp cc kt qu trong phn thit kban u

Vi im P l im thit k th thy phi c c c trng bi cc thng s thit k sau:

Ti lc trn cnh khi ct cnh: / TOW S 17(psf) Power loading at takeoff: / 10.5 ( / )

TOW P lbs hp


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6. THIT K CU HNH CC B PHN CA THY PHI C

6.1 Thit k thn thy phi c

Mt snh ngha vkch thc hnh hc ca thy phi c:

Trong : l gc cht (angle dead rise), hay gi l gc ch V ca thn tu.

b ( beam) l b rng ca thn.

Length fuselage: chiu di tng th ca thn thy phi c.Lfo: chiu di thn trc thyphi c.Laf: chiu di thn sau thy phi c.H: chiu cao ca bc nhy (step).

df: chiu cao thn thy phi c.


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6.2 B tr ch ngi v chiu cao thn ca thy phi c

Thy phc 4 ch ngi l dng my bay nhnn mang y cc c tnh ca mybay nhnh hnh dng nh ngn, tnh c ng cao, linh hot trong khu ct h cnh. Bi vy

ta cn c gng ti u ha v tr ngi v b tr sao cho hp l ngi ngi c thoi minhng cng khng qu chim khng gian kch thc my bay ln ln tng thm lc cnkhng cn thit cho my bay, gy tn hao nhin liu do phi sinh l mt phn cng sut ngc b vo lc cn do tng b rng thn my bay.V vy b tr ch ngi trn my bay lmt khu quan trng trong qu trnh thit k thy phi c.

Da vo chiu cao trung bnh ca ngi Vit Nam l 1m65 i vi Nam, 1m60 ivi N, ta a ra v tr b tr ch ngi hp l cho thy phi c. Ta b tr gh theo 2 hng, 2 ghn pha trc mi v 1 bng ghsau dnh cho hnh khch. Trong 2 ghn trc mith mt dnh cho phi cng v mt dnh cho hnh khch, bng gh sau c thlinh ng ngi

thm c mt hnh khch na. V my bay nh nn khng cn phi btr hnh lang i libn trong my bay.

Thit k gh ngi: Chiu cao trung bnh ca ngi Vit Nam ly theo mc cao caNam l 1m65 nn gh ngi ta c thc tht knh sau:

B tr ch ngi gia 2 hng gh: gh ca phi cng v dy gh sau ca hnh khch saocho cc v tr ngi c thoi mi v thun tin nht, nhng ng thi cng khng qu rng,lm tng chiu di ca my bay ln khng cn thit. Hnh khch c th thoi mi cngnh 2 hnh bn di.


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Vy da trn th trng ca ngi Vit Nam ti xin c a ra thit k sau:


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6.3 Thit k ca cho thy phi c

C rt nhiu kiu thit k ca cho thy phi c, c th l ca ko ra sau, c th l mngc ln nh hnh sau:

y, ta c th b tr ca dng np mbt ngc ra sau thun li cho c hnhkhch ln phi cng nh sau:

Kiu ca ny cng c li hn cho vic kt cu ca ca, v bn l ca n bm trc tipvo thn ca thy phi c.

6.4 Thit k chiu di thn my bay

Chiu di thn my bay c nh hng rt ln n lc cn, trng lng ca ton mybay.


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Da vo th ca ti liu tham kho s [3]

Ta la chn t s: / 4 7fl d th th tch lc cn trn thn my bay l nh nht. Vy

ta chn chiu di thn l 7.4fl m . Ta chn chiu di thn trc l 3fol m v chiu di

thn sau l 4.4al m

6.5 Thit kbc nhy cho thy phi c

Cc th th hin snh hng ca thn thy phi c i vi cc c tnh thy- khng ca thy phi c:

[1]nh hng hnh hc thn ln sn nh thy phi c khi h cnh


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Step depth H: Ta c t s / 3.1/1.3 2.4a

l b .T th [1], ta thy c nnh cn thit th / 3%H b hay H 0.039 m. Nn ta chn H = 0.13 m ( v theo s thamkho, thng thng step depth H thng bng 10% kch thc beam)

Sternpost Angle : Vi H=0.13m ng vi / 10%H b t th [2] ta chn = 08 l hp l.

Angle of dead riseK : Vi H=0.13 m, =

08 v 4.1al m nn:

/ 0.13 8 / 3.1 0.33aH l . T th [3] ta chn K =200

th my bay s c sn

nh khi h cnh.

Tuy nhin nhng thng sc chn ny chl s bban u v c ththay i khi tatnh n sn nh ca thy phi c phn sau.

Bng tm tt cc thng s thn:

Thng s Thn

Chiu di thn p nc( fl ) 23.6 ft 7.4 m

Chiu di thn trc (l fo ) 13.78 ft 4.4 m

Chiu di thn sau (la) 10ft 3.0 m

B rng thn ( fb )4.26ft 1.35 m


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Chiu cao thn (df) 4.1 ft 1.3 m

Chiu cao Hub (Step depth H) 0.42 ft 0.13 mGc nghing thn sau (Sternpost Angle ) 08

Angle of dead riseK

0

20

6.6Cu hnh phn thn ngp nc (y thy phi c)Kch thc y

Th tch ca thy phi c chm trong nc c tnh bng cng thc Archimedes:

3

( )

1000( / )

n

n

V g Wg

W W kgV

kg m

- Trng hp khng c ti (Payload)Th tch thy phi c chm trong nc:

3951 360 0.591 m1000 1000

TO PLW W

V

c lng chm ca thy phi c trong nc khi gi s ln = 3 m:

1

1

0.15 1.350.591 3

2 20.15 0.22 m1.35 3

n

n

h bV l

h hbl

- Trng hp c ti (Payload)Th tch thy phi c cn chm trong nc:

3951 0.951 m1000 1000

TOW

V

c lng chm ca thy phi c trong nc khi gi s ln = 3.5 m:

1

1

0.15 1.350.951 3.52 2

0.15 0.31 m1.35 3.5

n

n

h bV l

h hbl

- Trng hp chu ti ti a theo tiu chun:Th tch thy phi c cn chm trong nc (theo tiu chun th thn phao phi chu

c khi lng bng 180% khi lng ti a ca thy phi c):

301.8 1.8 951 1.71 m1000 1000

WV

c lng chm ca thy phi c trong nc khi gi s ln = 4 m:


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1

1

0.15 1.351.71 4

2 20.15 0.39 m

1.35 4

n

n

h bV l

h hbl

Vy ta chn chiu cao ty ca thy phi c n sn t gh l h = 0,2d m, caongp nc ti a l 1h 0,39 m

Cc hnh dng y ca thy phi c:

Ta chn y thy phi c c h nh dng gn ging y ca thuyn, dng chV c cong (concave vee). y thy phi c dng ny nhm trnh hin tng dnh nc do sc cngb mt v t nhiu chu nh hng ca sng. Ngoi ra ngi ta cn to ra mt cong choy chV to bt kh gia nc v y lm gim dnh v sc cn ma st ca thn.Ta thit k gc mca hnh ch V ln nht v tr nhy bc (120o 150o) v nh dn v phami.

6.7Thit k cu hnh cnh- Si cnhQua vic tnh ton s b thy phi c, ta xc nh c cc kch thc cnh nh sau:

- Din tch cnh:2 215.8 167.55

WS m ft

- Aspect ratio: AR = 9.5.

T t laspect ratio, ta tnh c chiu di si cnh b nh sau:

2

AR . 9.5 15.8 9.8b

b AR S mS

- Cung cnhC 2 chn la loi cnh: cnh dng hnh thang v cnh dng hnh ch nht. Do cn n

gin trong vic ch to nn ta chn cnh dng hnh ch nht (Straight untapered wing).Chord cnh:

15.81.6m

9.8

Sc

b

- Gc xin cnh (sweep angle): 0/4 0c - Vtr t phao

Ta chn vtr t phao 2/3 cnh tnh t wing root , va c tc dng nng cnh khip nc, va c tc dng l bcho cnh khi hnh khch di chuyn trn cnh ln b.


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- Bin dng cnhV my bay ta thit ki hi h s lc nng cc i ( max 2.2L TOC v max 2.4)L LC ,

tham kho ti liu airplane design, part VI, trang 216[4]

ta thy bin dng cnh NACA23012l ph hp vi thy phi c. T s b dy cung cnh t/c = 0.12, ng vi b dy cung cnh t =0.182 m.

NACA 23012

- Bmt iu khin ailerontng thch vi flap i vi aileron ta cng chn 0.25 0.3ac

c .

Ta c kch thc sau khi tham kho mt vi my bay ph bin hin nay:

- Xc nh gc nghing ln (dihedral angleW ), gc ti (incidence angle wi ) v

gc xon (t ) ca cnh

Gc nghing (dihedral angleW ) nh hng n sn nh ngang v n nh Dutch roll.

Tham kho mt s loi thy phi c cng loi th ta chnW = 2

0.

Vic chn gc c cnh wi s nh hng n lc cn ca my bay trong giai on

cruising, cng nh khi h cnh. Tham kho mt s thy phi c cng loi ta chn gc wi =0.


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Gc xon cnh c nh hng n c tnh stall ca thy phi c. Tuy nhin thy phi c

c ch to n gin nn ta chn gc xon ca thy phi c l00

t .

- Xc nh thtch cha nhin liu trn cnhi vi thy phi c m chng ta ang thit k th nhin liu sc b tr trn cnh v

thng nhin liu s c hnh dng theo bin dng cnh. Do cn so snh th tch cnh vi thtch nhin liu cn s dng.

Nhin liu khng c t tim 85% si cnh ra ti u mi cnh bi v khi trnhc tia st nh vo mi cnh. Ta c cng thc tnh th tch cnh cha nhin liu nh sau:

22

2

10.54

(1 )w w w w

WF

r

S tV

b c

Trong :

1

t

w

r

tc

tc

Do : 2

32

167.55 1 1 10.54 0.12 42.63

32 (1 1)WFV ft

Lng nhin liu cn dng trn thy phi c : 241.74FW lbs

Th tch nhin liu l: 3241.74

5.3

44.9

FF

f

WV ft

.

Bng tm tt cc thng s cnh:

Tham s Cnh

Din tch cnh (WS ) 167.55

2ft 15.68 2m

Si cnh (wb ) 32 ft 9.8 m

Dy cung cnh (WC ) 5.2 ft 1.6 m

T s si cnh AR 9.5

Taper ratio ( ) 1

Gc Diheral (Deg) 2

Gc weep/ 4c (Deg) 0

Gc tiw

i (Deg) 0

Gc xon cnht 0


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Bin dng cnh NACA 23012

Cch b tr cnh trn thn (high wing)

6.8Thit k cu hnh uiCu hnh ui c vai tr gin nh v iu khin hng l chnh nn ta khng cn

phi s dng airfoil c camber cho ui, mt khc n gin hn trong vic ch to vlp rp. Do , ta chn dng airfoil thng c s dng l NACA 0009.

Chn din tch ui ngang v ui ng theo kinh nghim ta c

- ui ngang: 2w18% 0.18 15.68 2.82tS S m Chn 3.5tAR , ta c:

AR 3.5 2.82 3.14

3.140.90

AR 3.5

t t t

tt

t

b S m

bc m

Vi1.38

0.90 , 0.30.41

t roott t

ttip

c mc m

c m

- ui ng: 2w10% 0.1 15.68 1.59vS S m Chn 4, 0.3v vAR , ta c:

AR 4 1.59 2.52

2.520.63

AR 4

v v v

vv

v

b S m

bc m

Vi0.97

0.63 , 0.30.29

vrootv v

vtip

c mc m

c m

Thng s elevator ca mt s loi thy phi c

Elevator:

Elevator

Type e

t

S

S

% c - in % c - out

Skywagon 207 0.45 0.48 0.47

Skylane RG 0.41 0.47 0.39


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Skyrocket Grumman 0.38 0.36 0.42

Commander 0.34 0.33 0.44

SAB 1 0.46 0.46 0.46

Bullfinch 0.58 0.63 0.45

Ta chn: 240% 0.4 2.82 1.13e tS S m

Ly: 3.14 0.31e t eb b m c

Rudder:

Rudder

Typev

r

S

S

%c - in %c - out

Skywagon 207 0.44 0.44 0.44

Cardinal RG 0.37 0.35 0.43

Lance 0.31 0.26 0.5

Warrior 0.36 0.29 0.52

Skyrocket Grumman 0.33 0.28 0.4

Tiger 0.43 0.36 0.46

SAB 1 0.4 0.35 0.54

Thng s rudder ca mt s loi thy phi c

Ta chn: 240% 0.4 1.59 0.636r vS S m

6.9Phn b khi lng s b - vtr t cnh ( tham kho bi ca Khng)Gi s ta phn b khi lng cho mt s b phn chnh ca thy phi c tm v tr

t cnh thch hp.

tm c vtr t cnh thch hp, ta tm v tr trng tm ca thy phi c khi khngxt n s phn b khi lng ca cnh, l vtr t cnh.


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Bng phn bkhi lng

K hiu Tn Khi lng (kg) x (m)

Cnh + phao ph + nhin liu 40 20 141 201

1m Cng trc + h thng mytnh iu khin

40 30 70 1.09

2m Gh + 1 hnh khch 15 70 85 1.85

3m Gh + phi cng 15 70 85 1.85

4m Bng gh + 2 hnh khch 30 2 70 170 2.69

5m

Hnh l 4 20 80 3.436m Cng sau 50 4.02

7m Cng sau 50 4.02

8m V + ui ng + ui ngang 140 4.18

9m ng c + chong chng 150 4.74

1081

Trng tm thyphi c khi khng xt n (cnh + nhin liu):70 1.09 2 85 1.85 170 2.69 80 3.29 2 50 4.02 140 3.81 150 4.74

3.2880G

x m

Nh vy ta t cnh sao cho c trng vi trng tm.Chn t cnh trn (high wing) trnh tip xc nc.


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7. TNG HP THIT KS B

Sau khi tho lun nhm, thng nht ly kt qu tnh ton cu hnh hnh hc ca OngKhc Huy lm s liu chung cho nhm tnh ton cc phn sau ny.

Tng hp cu hnh hnh hc: (n v: m)


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Bng tm tt cc thng sthn:

Thng s ThnChiu di thn (Lf) 23.82 ft 7.26 m

Chiu di thn trc (L o ) 13.78 ft 4.2 m

Chiu di thn sau (L a ) 10.04 ft 3.06 m

B rng thn ( b ) 4.59 ft 1.4 m

Chiu cao thn (d f ) 4.69 ft 1.43 m

Chiu cao Hub (Step depth H) 0.33 ft 0.1 m

Gc nghing thn sau (Sternpost Angle ) 06

Angle of dead rise K 020

Bng tm tt cc thng scnh:

Tham s Cnh

Din tch cnh ( WS ) 190.22

ft 17.67 2m

Si cnh ( wb ) 36.48 ft 11.12 m

Dy cung cnh ( wc ) 5.25 ft 1.6 mT s si cnh AR 7Taper ratio ( ) 1

Gc Diheral (Deg) 2

Gc weep /4c (Deg) 0

Gc ti wi (Deg) 0

Gc xon cnh t 0


Cch b tr cnh high wing


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Bng tm tt cc thng shnh hc ca ui:

Tham s ui ngang ui ngDin tch (S) 28.22 ft 2 2.65 m 2 19.05 ft 2 1.77 m 2 Si cnh (b) 9.25 ft 2.82 m 8.73 ft 2.66 m

Dy cung gc cnh ( rc ) 4.1 ft 1.25 m 3.38 ft 1.03 m

Dy cung mi cnh ( tc ) 2.07 ft 0.63 m 1.02 ft 0.31 m

Dy cung trung bnh ( c ) 3.08 ft 0.94 m 2.20 ft 0.67 m

T s si cnh AR 3 4

Taper ratio ( ) 0.5 0.3

Bin dng cnh NACA 0009 NACA 0009

Gc Diheral (Deg) 0 0

Gc ti (Deg) 0 0

Elevator Rudder

Din tch b mt iu khin (S) 11.41 2ft 1.06 2m 7.64 2ft 0.71 2m

TRNG TM V MOMENT QUN TNH:

1. Trng tmH trc ta c chn nh hnh v:


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Ta bit trng ti, trng lng hnh l, lng nhin liu do vy ch cn xc nh trnglng ca cc thnh phn cu trc v thit b. Cch tt nht c lng cc thnh phn nyl tham kho cc my bay khc c kch cv trng lng nh thy phi c. c lng trnglng ca cc thnh phn nh trong bng sau:

STT Thnh PhnWi

(Kg)X

(m)W.X

(Kgm)Y

(m)W.Y

(Kg.m)Z

(m)W.Z

(Kgm)1 Cnh 60.00 3.6 252.00 0.00 0.00 1.18 70.802 ui ngang 15.00 7.70 115.50 0.00 0.00 2.33 34.953 ui ng 25.00 7.52 188.00 0.00 0.00 1.87 46.754 Thn 90.00 3.20 288.00 0.00 0.00 0.82 73.805 Cng trc 35.00 0.50 17.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

6

Cc thit b

in 30.00 1.10 33.00 0.00 0.00 0.57 17.10

7ng c +

chong chng +Engine mount

135.00 5.86 791.10 0.00 0.00 2.32 313.20

8 Hai phao 20.00 4.20 84.00 0.00 0.00 0.65 18.20

9Gh 1 + phi

cng85.00 1.89 160.65 0.00 0.00 0.70 59.50

10Gh 2 + hnh

khch85.00 1.89 160.65 0.00 0.00 0.70 59.50

11Gh 3,4 + 2

hnh khch

180.00 2.71 487.80 0.00 0.00 0.70 126.00

12 Cng sau 80.00 4.04 323.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0013 Nhin liu 105.00 4.20 441.00 0.00 0.00 1.18 123.9014 Hnh l 80.00 3.58 286.40 0.00 0.00 0.50 40.00

Tng 1025.00 3628.80 0.00 983.70

Tm li v tr trng tm l:

4 ; 0 ; 0.95i i i iCG CG CG

TO TO

W X W Z X m Y Z m

W W


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2. Moment qun tnh khi lngV my bay i xng qua mt phng oxz nn moment qun tnh 0XY YZ I I , phng

trnh moment qun tnh quanh trng tm ca thy phi c. Cng thc tng qut tnh toncc moment qun tnh:

2 2( ) ( )IOXX i i CG i CG XX

i i

I W Y Y Z Z I

2 2( ) ( )IOYY i i CG i CG YY

i i

I W X X Z Z I

2 2( ) ( )IOZZ i i CG i CG ZZ

i i

I W X X Y Y I

( ) ( )IOXZ i i CG i CG XZ

i i

I W X X Z Z I

Trong : , ,i i iX Y Z l v tr trng tm ca tng b phn trn thy phi c i vi h trc

ta tham chiu.

, ,CG CG CGX Y Z l v tr trng tm ca thy phi c i vi h trc ta tham

chiu.

iW l khi lng ca tng b phn trn thy phi c.

, , ,IO IO IO IOXX YY ZZ XZ

I I I I l cc moment qun tnh ca tng b phn i vi h

trc ta gn vi trng tm ca tng b phn v song song vi h trc ta tham chiu.

Cc b phn trn thy phi c thng c hnh dng khng c bn, v vy cho vic tnhton thun tin ta c th xem moment qun tnh ca tng b phn gn vi trng tm ca tngb phn bng 5% gi tr moment qun tnh ca tng b phn i vi ta tham chiu, iu

ny c ngha l:

2 21.05 ( ) ( )XX i i CG i CGi

I W Y Y Z Z

2 21.05 ( ) ( )YY i i CG i CGi

I W X X Z Z

2 21.05 ( ) ( )ZZ i i CG i CGi

I W X X Y Y


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1.05 ( ) ( )XZ i i CG i CGi

I W X X Z Z

Trong h trc ta tham chiu:

4 ; 0 ; 0.96CG CG CG

X m Y Z m

p dng cc biu thc trn ta c bng tnh ton kt qu moment qun tnh ca tng bphn quanh v tr trng tm ca bn thn:

STT Thnh PhnWi

(Kg)X

(m)Y

(m)Z

(m)Xi-Xcg

Yi-Ycg

Zi-Zcg Ixx Iyy Izz Ixz

1 Cnh 60.00 4.20 0 1.18 0.2 0 0.22 3 30 27 92 ui ngang 15.00 7.70 0 2.33 3.7 0 1.37 30 302 273 903 ui ng 25.00 7.52 0 1.87 3.52 0 0.91 22 438 416 95

4 Thn 90.00 3.20 0 0.82 -0.8 0 -0.14 2 13 11 45 Cng trc 35.00 0.50 0 0.00 -3.5 0 -0.96 34 374 340 1076 Cc thit bin 30.00 1.10 0 0.57 -2.9 0 -0.4 5 192 188 30

7ng c + chongchng + Engine

mount135.00 5.86 0 2.32 1.86 0 1.36 262 1,025 763 447

8 Hai phao 20.00 4.20 0 0.91 0.2 0 -0.05 0 9 9 -19 Gh 1 + phi cng 85.00 1.89 0 0.70 -2.11 0 -0.26 6 249 243 38

10Gh 2 + hnh

khch85.00 1.89 0 0.70 -2.11 0 -0.26 6 249 243 38

11Gh 3,4 + 2 hnh

khch180.00 2.71 0 0.70 -1.29 0 -0.26 13 143 130 41

12 Cng sau 80.00 4.04 0 0.00 0.04 0 -0.96 77 98 21 -40

13 Nhin liu 105.00 4.20 0 1.18 0.2 0 0.22 5 53 48 16

14 Hnh l 80.00 3.58 0 0.50 -0.42 0 -0.46 18 18 0 -2

Tng 484 3168 2683 862

Kt qu moment qun tnh ca c thy phi c i vi h trc ta tham chiu:

2

2

2

2

484

3168

2683

862

XX

YY

ZZ

XZ

I kgm

I kgm

I kgm

I kgm


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Tm li:

Ta trng tm Moment qun tnh khi lng

CGX (m) CGY (m) ( )CGZ m 2( . )

XXI kg m 2( . )

YYI kg m 2( . )

ZZI kg m 2( . )

XZI kg m

4 0 0.96 482 3194 2711 874

c lng cng sut ng c:

Ta c:

/ 20 /

2257TO

TO

W P lbs hp

W lbs

2257113

20TOP hp

Gi s khi ct cnh, ng c s dng 80% cng sut ti a. Vy ta chn ng c c

cng sut l: max 140P hp


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8. TNH TON KH NG CHO THY PHI C

Thy phi c cng l mt loi my bay nhnhng khc vi my bay nn v mt khng cng mang nhng nt c trng ca my bay thng thng l my bay s ch yubay trong khng khi nh lc nng sinh ra trn cnh my bay. Ngoi ra, vic tnh ton khng cn ng vai tr rt ln trong vic quyt nh nn c tnh ca my bay .

im khc ln nht ca thy phi c lng dng so vi cc loi my bay nh khc vcc loi thy phi c c gn phao p l thy phi c lng dng p trn mt nc bngbng, nn vic tnh ton thy ng phi i km ti u ha vic ct- h cnh cng nh thamgia vo vic m bo kt cu cho thy phi c c bn chc trong qu trnh s dng v ti uvic s dng ng c cng nh tit kim nhin liu trong cc qu trnh bay ca my bay.

8.1 Bin dng cnh

Bin dng cnh ca thy phi c l NACA 23012 l mt bin dng cnh c th ni l tiu trong vic to ra lc nng v gim thiu lc cn. Do bin dng cnh NACA l thch

hp vi h s lc nng cc i ( max 2.2L TOC v max 2.4L LC ) vi t s b dy cung cnh

t/c=0.12, ng vi b dy cung cnh l t=0.167.


M hnh 3D

8.2 Cnh t (flap)

Xc nh t vtr cnh t c th to ra h s lc nng ln nht tha mn yu cu ra.


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Vn tc bay bng, bin dng cnh NACA 23012 c ax 1.79LmC . H s lc nng trn

cnh c tnh nh sau: max maxmax1.79 1.79

0.88 1.582 2

t r

W

L L

L

C CC k

Trong maxtLC : h s lc nng sinh ra u cnh (wing tip)

maxrLC : h s lc nng sinh ra u cnh (wing root)

k

: h snh hng ca hp cnh (tapper ratio) n h s lc nng ca

nh 3D, vi w 1 th 0.88k .

H s lc nng cc i trn cnh: max W max max1.58

1.05 1.51.05L L L

C C C

H s 1.05 l do tail down-load trim tc ng ln cnh, ngh a l khi cp cnh txung my bay cn bng th n sinh ra moment nho lm my bay ct mi ln, tc l gcti trn cnh gia tng lm gia tng lc nng.

tng lc nng ln nht m flap c th to ra:

- Ct cnh: max max max1.05( ) 1.05(2.2 1.5) 0.735L TO L TO LC C C

- H cnh: max max max1.05( ) 1.05(2.4 1.5) 0.945L L L L LC C C

H s lc nng gia tng khi dng flap: max max/

wf

l L

S SC C

K

Trong : wfS l din tch ca flap wing

K l nh hng ca sweep angle khi cnh t cp xung

32 4

/4 /41 0.08* 0.92C CK COS COS vi0

/4 0C

Cnh hu hn c din tch flap


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L B TRUNG Page 71

Ta chn v tr flap trn cnh t11% n 76% di si cnh, vi 00.11, 0.78i

Do : 0 0.76 0.11 0.65wf

i

S

S

- Ct cnh: max max / 10.735 1.210.65 0.92TO wfl L TOS S

C CK

- H cnh: max max / 10.945 1.560.65 0.92L wfl L LS S

C CK

Ta chn loi cnh t, kch thc v gc iu khin cnh t.

C nhiu loi cnh t cho my bay p ng v lc nng cn thit cho my bay trong

qu trnh ct hcnh, nhng y, ta s dng loi cnh t Plain flap- v y l loi cnh tph hp cho cc loi my bay nh v va n gin d ch to li kh d dng trong vic iukhin v cng to lc nng cn thit cho thy phi c trong cc qu trnh hot ng.

Plain flap

Mi lin h gia maxlC v h s lc nng gia tng khi iu khin cnh t (trng hp

gc ti 00 ) nh sau: max max1

1.21l l l

C C CK

Trong K c tra t hnh sau:

nh hng ca cnh t i vi lc nng

Trong giai on thit kban u ta chn t s b rng cnh t / 0.4 /1.6 0.25fc c

suy ra K=0.82.


72/87


L B TRUNG Page 72

Suy ra:

- Khi ct cnh: max1.21 1.21 1.21 1.46l lC C - Khi h cnh: max1.21 1.21 1.56 1.88l lC C

gia tng h s lc nng khi iu khin cnh t ph thuc nhiu yu tnh loi cnht s dng, t s b rng cnh t v b rng cnh cf/c, gc iu khin cnh ta.

Cng thc tnh gia tng lc nng cho cnh t nh sau: 'fl l f

C C K

Trong : l gc iu khin flap

flC l o hm h s lc nng tit din theo dch chuyn ca cnh t ph thuc vo

t l / 0.4 /1.6 0.25fc c v t/c=0.12 tra theo thbn di, ta c flc =4.2 rad-1

V K ph thuc vo gc lch ca cnh t v t s / 0.4 /1.6 0.25fc c tra t

thbn di ta c

nh hng ca t ldy cung cnh vi dy cung cnh t n hsnh hng K


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L B TRUNG Page 73

Effect of thickness ratio and flap chord ratio onfl

c

Gi trgia tng lc nng tng ng vi gc iu khin flaps cho trong bng sau:

f

10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60

'K 1.0 0.97 0.85 0.7 0.65 0.6 0.58 0.54 0.52 0.5 0.48

lc 0.73 1.067 1.246 1.283 1.473 1.539 1.701 1.781 1.906 2.016 2.111

Bng gi trgia tng lc nng tng ng vi gc iu khin flaps

Tm li cu hnh cnh t nh sau:

/f

c c=0.25

030fTO

050fTO

8.3 Aileron

tng thch vi flap i vi aileron ta cng chn 0.25acc

v v tr ca aileron t

ch mt ngoi cnh t ra n mi cnh nh hnh sau:


74/87


L B TRUNG Page 74

8.4 c tnh lc cn ca my bay

H s lc cn tng th ca my bay c chia ra lm nhiu thnh phn lc cn nh sau:

wD D ing Dfus Demp Dflap D gear C C C C C C

Trong :

wD ingC : h s lc cn trn cnh my bay

DfusC : h s lc cn ca thn

DempC : h s lc cn ca ui

DflapC : h s lc cn ca cnh t

DgearC : h s lc cn ca cng p

8.4.1 H s lc cn ca cnh my bay

0w LwwD ing D DC C C

Trong :

0 wDC : h s lc cn ca cnh khi lc nng bng khng

wLDC : h s lc cn ca cnh theo lc nng

- Hslc cn ca cnh khi lc nng bng khng c tnh theo cng thc w

0

4 ww 1 ' / 100 / w

et

D f LS fw

SC R R C L t c t c

S

Trong :

wfR : l h s iu chnh b mt to lc nng phn cnh ni vi thn, ph

thuc vo s Reynold ca thn v s Mach w ,fusf NR f R M , m my bay bay vivn tc nh nn w 1fR

LSR : l h siu chnh b mt to lc nng ph thuc vo gc nghing cnh,

b dy cnh ln nht v s Mach, my bay cng bay vi vn tc nh nn 1LSR

fwC : h s ma st ca cnh (xem ma st nh l ma sat ca tm phng dng

ri), ,fw N C f R M


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L B TRUNG Page 75

Trong Reynold cnh 5450 1.6

3.98 102.01 10fusN

V cR

T thtrn tra tra c w 0.0035fC

wetS din tch t ca cnh:2 2

w w2 2 17.79 35.58 116.63etS S m ft

wS din tch b mt cnh2

w 58.32ftS

L tham s ph thuc v tr b dy ln nht ca bin dng cnh. i viNACA 23012, L=2.

T ta tnh c:

0

41 1 0.0035 1 2 0.12 100 0.12 2 0.0088

wDC

- Hslc cn theo lc nng:Phng trnh:

w

2

w 0.37 0.007.AR.e 3.14 7 0.8L

L

D

CC

Vy h s lc cn khi bay bng: 0w Lww 0.0088 0.0077 0.0165D ing D DC C C


76/87


L B TRUNG Page 76

8.4.2 H s lc cn ca thn my bay0Dfus D fus DLfusC C C

Trong :

DLfusC : l h s lc cn ca thn theo lc nng, trong trng hp ca thy phi c

ang tnh th0

DLfusC

0D fusC : l h s lc cn ca thn khi lc nng bng 0 c tnh theo cng thc

0

w

w 3

601 0.0025

/

fus

fus fus bfus

et

D f f D

f f

SC R C C

Sl d

w 1fR

fusfC :h s ma st ng vi s Reynold v s Mach

7

24

7.26 50Re 1.94 10

2.01 10 0.3051fus

, M=0.147, tra th sau

Ta c 0.00285fusf

C


77/87


L B TRUNG Page 77

2 2w

7.26 23.82 ft

1.4 23.82 ft

23.78 255.5

0fus

f

f

etfus

Db

l m

d m

S m ft

C

Suy ra:

0 3

60 255.51 0.00285 1 0.0025 7.26 /1.4 0 0.0055

190.27.26/1.4fusDC

8.4.3 H s lc cn ca ui my bay

Tnh h s lc cn ca b mt ui tng tnh b mt cnh:

H s lc cn ui ngang:

t

0

4 ww

4

1 ' / 100 /

22.81 1.06 0.00385 1 2 0.09 100 0.09

190.20.0007

t

et

D f LS ft

SC R R C L t c t c

S

v

0

4 w

w

4

1 ' / 100 / 19.05

1 1.06 0.00385 1 2 0.09 100 0.09190.2

0.0005

v

et

D f LS fv

S

C R R C L t c t c S

8.4.3 H s lc cn ca cnh tCh yu ta ch s dng cnh t trong vic ct h cnh, cn khi bay bng, cnh t c

gc xui vi cnh nn lc cn to ra bng khng.

H s lc cn khi s dng cnh t:

intflap prof flap i flap flapD D D DC C C C

Trong :prof flapD

C tng lc cn do thay i bin dng cnh dng cnh t

i f lapDC tng lc cn cm ng do s dng cnh t

int flapDC tng lc cn phn ni cnh t vi cnh


78/87


L B TRUNG Page 78

8.4.5 H s lc cn ca cng p

Ta c th la chn cng p cho thy phi c nh dng trn.

c tnh h s lc cn ca cng p:

0gear gear L

gear

D D C L

SC C pC

S

i vi cng mi theo thc nghim kinh nghim: 0 os 0.29gear LD C n eC

i vi cng 2 bn theo thc nghim kinh nghim: 0 0.36gear LD CC

Suy ra

00.565

0.29 0.36 2 0.003190.2gear gear L

gear

D D C L

SC C pC

S

Vy h s lc cn tng th ca ton b thy phi c:

w

0.0165 0.0055 0.0005 0.0007 0 0.0030

0.0262

D D ing Dfus Demp Dflap D gear C C C C C C

Kt lun: My bay c thit k c hnh dng kh ng tt vi h s lc cn tng inh.


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L B TRUNG Page 79

9. TNH TON THY NG CHO THY PHI C

9.1 L thuyt n nh ca thy phi c trn nc

Tnh ni ca thy phi c:

Khi thy phi c trn mt nc n s chu tc dng ng thi hai lc ngc chiunhau. Trng lc gm trng lng rng ca thy phi c, trng lng hnh khch v hnh ltc ng cng chiu ht ca tri t. Lc ni (lc y Achimedes) do nc tc ng theochiu ngc li.

Trng lc v lc ni

Lc ni (F): tnh theo nh lut Archimedes, bng trng lng nc b thn thy phi cchim ch, tc ng theo hng tdi ln. Lc ni F c tm t lc tiB, tm ni ca thy

phi c.

v tr cn bng: lc ni do nc tc ng tnh ln thy phi c phi bng trng lngthy phi c, tm ni ca thy phi c B phi nm trn cng ng thng vung gc vi mtthong, i qua trng tm G ca thy phi c.

Cn bng lc : W = F Cn bng moment : WxL FxL = 0

( L: khong cch gia 2 ng tc ng lc ca W v F )

n nh ca thy phi c

Ti v tr cn bng, di tc ng ca ngoi lc tc thi (do sng hoc do gi), v tr cnbng ca thy phi c b ph vlm thy phi c b nghing ngang hay nghing dc. Lc trng tm G hu nh khng i, cn tm ni B thay i v tr ty thuc hnh dng hnh hcca phn thn chm trong nc.

Trong trng hp chung nht, tm ni B khng cn nm trn ng vung gc vi mtthong i qua G; khong cch gia hng lc ca trng lc W vi hng lc ca lc ni F

thay i t 0 cho v tr cn bng n gi tr L 0. Moment ngu lc giy c gi tr WxL =

FxL 0.


80/87


L B TRUNG Page 80

Trng hp u moment ngu lc lm cho thy phi c nghing n gc ln hn, cntrng hp sau n chng li moment nghing.

Ph thuc vo hng nghing thy phi c khi b ngoi lc tc ng c th phn bit haitrng hp ca tnh n nh l n nh ngang v n nh dc.

n nh ngang ban u:

Giai on u : gi s th tch phn chm khng i V, ti gc nghing nh. M l giaoim gia ng qua tm ni tc thi B v tm i xng mt ct ngang thn thy phi c.

M : tm nh khuynh (tm n nh ngang)

r = BM =V

It : bn knh tm n nh ngang.

KG : chiu cao trng tm so vi mt chun qua y thy phi c

Khi b nghing trong phm vi gc nh tm ni B di chuyn trn cung gn nh cungtrn, bn knh r = BM, tm ti M.

Ta c: GZ = GM.sin

vi: : gc nghing thn thy phi c so vi mt thong trng thi tnh.

GZ : tay n n nh ca moment n nh thy phi c.


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L B TRUNG Page 81

Moment n nh: M = D.GZ

vi VD : lng chim nc ca thy phi c [N]

g. : trng lng ring ca nc [N/m3]

: khi lng ring ca nc [kg/m3]

Moment phc hi (Mph): Mph = D.GM.sin

-Mt scng thc kinh nghim:

)2

5(

3 CW

CBTKB hoc )

2

5(

3

1

WA

VT

)/( TVA

ATKB

W

W

hoc )( CBCWCW

TKB

Khi tu vt ra khi phm vi n nh ban u, din tin ca ng di chuyn im Mv im B kh phc tp.

ln GM l thc o dc ca ng cong n nh. Vi GM ln, moment phc hitng nhanh. Moment ny c thnhanh chng ui kp v vt qu gi tr moment nghing,chng i s nghing ca thn v d dng bt thy phi c quay li v tr ban u sau khi

moment nghing ngng tc ng. Ngc li, vi gi tr GM nh, khnng chng tr ngoilc khng ln.

Tuy nhin GM ln th chu k lc ngang ca thy phi c s ngn, khi thy phi c slc nhiu, gia tc lc ln, nh vy s lm dch chuyn c v h kt cu.

V vy yu cu khng cho php gi tr GM qu ln.

n nh dc ban u:

Chiu cao tm n nh dc ban u c tnh tng tnh n nh ngang, ta thay gitr BM cho n nh ngang bng gi tr BML cho n nh dc.


82/87


L B TRUNG Page 82

Chiu cao tm n nh dc c dng: GML = KB + BML KG

Tay n moment phc hi GZLtnh cho trng hp nghing dc:

GZL = GML.sin

trong R = BML =

V

IL : bn knh tm n nh dc

Moment phc hi cho n nh tnh :

Mph = D.GZL = D.GML.sin

iu kin n nh tnh:

Di tc ng ngoi lc th bn thn thy phi c lun c cch phn ng. Gi s thyphi c phi chu tc ng ca moment nghing vi cng khc nhau I, II, III.

Di tc ng ca moment I thy phi c b nghing chng no Mng > Mph. Qua gc 1

th Mph > Mng nn tu quay tr li 1. Trong trng hp ny gc 1xem nh mt gc nnh tnh.

Bng mt cch no , di tc ng cng ca moment I tu bx n tn gc 2. Ti

v tr ny Mph = Mng. Sau 2 th Mng > Mph nn tu s b lt. Tuy ti 1 v 2 c Mph = Mng,

song 2 khng c xem nh mt gc m ti c s cn bng bn.

T, iu kin cn bng tnh (iu kin cn v ):

Mng = Mph

d

d

(Mph Mng) > 0


83/87


L B TRUNG Page 83

hay d

dM

d

dMngph

Moment nghing II ng vai tr ca moment gii hn.

Nu moment nghing ln hn II, t gi tr III th thy phi c s mt n nh tnh trnmt nc.

9.2 Tnh ton n nh cho thy phi c

Chiu cao ca tm ni tnh ty thy phi c:

WA

VTKB

2

5

3

1

vi AW : din tch mt ng nc.

L: chiu di thn thy phi c o ti ng nc.B: chiu rng thn thy phi c.

V: th tch chim nc ca thy phi c.

T: chiu cao mn nc.

Din tch mt ct thn thy phi c ti vtr ng nc:

Bn knh tm nghing ngang:

V

IBM t

Bn knh tm nghing dc:V

IBM LL

vi b

a

t dxyI3

3

2: moment qun tnh ngang.

b

a

L ydxxI22 : moment qun tnh dc.


84/87


L B TRUNG Page 84

Chia thy phi c thnh cc phn nh sau:

Cc hm biu din ng cong ca mt ct ng nc thn thy phi c:

2

1 16.0

mlxy ; y2 = 0.6; 6.0)2(3 xay

vid

d

l

l

a

)7.0)(6.1(

6.16.0

Moment qun tnh ngang:

dxydxydxydxyId

m

l

l

b

a

t

2

2

33

2

0

32

031

3

32

32

Moment qun tnh dc:

dxyxdxyxdxyxydxxId

m

l

l

b

a

L

2

23

22

02

20

122 22

Trng hp khng c Payload:Th tch chim nc ca thy phi c: V = 0.591 m3

Chiu cao mn nc: T = 0.22 m

Din tch mt ng nc: AW = 4.05 m2

Chiu cao tm ni tnh ty thy phi c:

1 5 1 5(0.22) 0.5910.13 m

3 2 3 2 4.05W

T VK B

A

Moment qun tnh ngang v moment qun tnh dc:

vi lm = 0.8 m v ld = 0.5 m

It = 0.422 m4 v IL = 6.639 m4


85/87


L B TRUNG Page 85

Bn knh tm nghing ngang: 0.422

0.71 m0.591

tI

BMV

Bn knh tm nghing dc: 6.639

11.23 m0.591L

L

I

BMV

0.13 0.71 0.84 mKM KB BM

0.13 11.23 11.36 mL L

KM KB BM

Trng hp c Payload:Th tch chim nc ca thyphi c: V = 0.951m3

Chiu cao mn nc: T = 0.31 m

Din tch mt ng nc: AW = 4.2 m2Chiu cao tm ni tnh ty thy phi c:

1 5 1 5(0.31) 0.9510.18m

3 2 3 2 4.2W

T VKB

A

Moment qun tnh ngang v dc:

vi lm = 1.2 m v ld =0.8 m

It = 0.434 m4

v IL = 8.617 m4

Bn knh tm nghing ngang:0.434

0.46 m0.951

tI

BMV

Bn knh tm nghing dc:8.617

9.060.951

t

L

IBM m

V

0.18 0.46 0.64 mK M K B BM

0.18 9.06 9.24 mL LKM KB BM Kt lun: Ta thy im M nm cao hn so vi trng tm thy phi c (KG = 0.65 m),

do thyphi c n nh khi trn nc.


86/87


L B TRUNG Page 86

NHN XT- KT LUN:

- Trn y l s b cc qu trnh tnh ton, thit k tng qut cho mt chic thy phi c4 ch ngi vi s liu ng tin cy v tham kho thc t v l thuyt tnh ton.

- Bi s dng cc bng biu bng Excel cho ra cc kt qu v bng biu d nhnv nh gi kt qu.

- y l phn tnh ton v thy- kh ng lc hc cho thy phi c 4 ch ngi, tuy chtp trung vo phn tnh ton h s lc nng lc cn v sn nh ca thy phi c khip trn mt nc. Bi khng i su vo phn tnh ton lc cn thy ng v clng qung ng ct h cnh ca thy phi c, v y l mt phn kh kh i hiphi c nghin cu l thuyt chuyn su mi c tha ra cc phng php tnh tonv a ra cc s liu tin cy.

- Trong tng lai, ti thy phi cs l mt ti ng dng kh ln ca ngnh hngkhng vo s dng lc tin vi cc nhu cu ln trong v ngoi nc.


87/87


TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] Jan Roskam,Airplane Design, Part I:Preliminary Configuration Design and Intergrationof the Propulsion System, 1997.

[2] Jan Roskam, Airplane Design, Part II: Preliminary Configuration Design andIntergration of the Propulsion System, 1997.

[3] Jan Roskam,Airplane Design, Part III:Preliminary Calculation of Aerodynamics, Thrustand Power Characteristics, 1997

[4] Jan Roskam,Airplane Design, Part IV:Preliminary Calculation of Aerodynamics, Thrustand Power Characteristics, 1997

[5] Jan Roskam,Airplane Design, Part V:Preliminary Calculation of Aerodynamics, Thrustand Power Characteristics, 1997.

[6] Jan Roskam,Airplane Design, Part VI:Preliminary Calculation of Aerodynamics, Thrustand Power Characteristics, 1997

[7] R. C. Nelson. Flight Stability and Automatic Control. WCB McGraw-Hill, New York,NY, second edition, 1998.

[8] Anderson, Fundamentals of Aerodynamics, McGraw-Hill, 1986.

[9] Lloy Jenkinson- Jim Marchman,Aircraft Design Projects For Engineering Students, BH,2003

[10] website: www.wikipedia.org

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