thtt so 449 tháng 11 năm 2014

36
xuflr siu rUrgo+ 2014 s6 44e rep cni Ra HArue rHAruc - ruAu rx05{ oAruH cHo rRUNG xoc pH6 rnOruc vA rRuruc uoc co s6 Tru s6: 1B7B Gi6ng Vo, He NOi. DT Bien tAp: (04) 35121607; DT - Fax Ph6t hdnh, Tri su: (04) 35121606 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.nxbgd.vn/toanhoctuoitre t :*i.€+. :€. r er= €r; FE ..g. l :':.:',.:..r t ::t:,-i.:i,:rr , .::::,i,{-:...:i KHÔNG THAY THCHO TC TH&TT TRUYN THNG !

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xuflr siu rUrgo+

2014s6 44e

rep cni Ra HArue rHAruc - ruAu rx05{oAruH cHo rRUNG xoc pH6 rnOruc vA rRuruc uoc co s6Tru s6: 1B7B Gi6ng Vo, He NOi.DT Bien tAp: (04) 35121607; DT - Fax Ph6t hdnh, Tri su: (04) 35121606Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.nxbgd.vn/toanhoctuoitre

t

:*i.€+.

:€.r er=

€r;FE

..g.

l :':.:',.:..r

t ::t:,-i.:i,:rr ,

.::::,i,{-:...:i

KHÔNG THAY THẾ CHO TC TH&TT TRUYỀN THỐNG !

ffi*q&x&'2cffi aX ruF€& K&ieY ffi&ru ffieeffi ffiWffi W&ffiY ru&ru&tffiffij

r*B&,&s% #&&s w&&*e%eretr&&x& q s r"#*F*4-4*8g#*rmk$

,p-^0 s6ch cAe cHUYErrr nE ndt nu0nic"CfrlUJ<Hoc srNr-r Gioi vrcN TeANr LCIp e (Tap

Hilnot Dai so vd TAp hai Hinh hqc) dugcSuiit ban nhan ki ni6m 40 ndm Viet Nam tham duki thi Olympic Todn hoc Quoc t€i (lMO 1974 - ZAM)vmr mu* dieh cLrng eap tdri !ieu tl'ram khdo giup cdic

em hoe sinh d&o s&u, n&ng cao ki6n thue , ren luyenpnLiCIng phap gidi Toan chudn bi cho eiic ki thi hoc

sinh gioi va thi vao c*c khdi ehuydn Trung hoc phd

thong. $;ich eon la tai lieu huu ich cho gi6o vi6n

vA cAn hQ quAn li Giao c{uc, nhdm phAt tridn tu duylogic, sang tao, gop ph&n nang cao ch;it luong dayvA hoc tr*ng nhdi truong.

Sdeh vi6t duoi dqng ciie chuyOn d0, nr5i ehuv6ndd gdrn ki6n thue cdn nho, vi du minh nofl vd h0

thdng hai tap phong phrl M0t so dinh li, c0ng th[rc

mo r6ng duoc biOn soan duoi dang c6c vi du hodc

bai tap.

Trong cudn Hinh hoc, 'oan doc sO thay nnidu biii to6nrnoi qua ciic ki thi hoc sinh gioi cua c6c nuoc nhu

Canada, My, Nga, T:ung Quoc, Bulgari, Slovenia,Rumani, Singapore,..,, dac bigt la ki thi IMO (V0

dich ToAn Qudc td) va APM0 (ChAu A -Thiii BinhDuong).

l-li vong ring, b0 sach sO la tai lieu tham khAo thieit

thuc, huu ich ddi voi cdc em hoc sinh THCS, c6cthdy c0 gido dqy Todn vd ban doc yeu ihich Toan.

TAPHAI : IIINH HOC

g

KHÔNG THAY THẾ CHO TC TH&TT TRUYỀN THỐNG !

1FF3H(6H6 @&pNF @F3HS.{, A

EFFEFFGSHUENvO u6Nc pHoNG (GV THqT Tian Du 1, Bdc Ninh)

Khi g{p nfit phurng n'inh c6 chia phdn nflN\en chring ta kh6ng chithdy r:di hcr troslg thudt totin gitii phtrong trinh nfi cdn rhdy ri d6nh{htg titth chdt thu vi t:ila ohdn nguyitt daot. sit dung. Hi t ong btiiviii nii.v sd dun lai nht*tg diiu moi la t,a hd frh c'ho cdt. ban.

A. Mot sd tinh chdt ciia phdn ngu.y€n Dang thrlc xiy ra 6 BDT v€ trdi, vd phii lAnTru6c ti0n xin nh6c lai m6t vdi tinh chdt (TC) luot ldL: [{xr} + {*} +... + {;r,}] = 6 ;

ciraphdnnguyOn: Y6ix,y,a ld.c6c sd thuc,m, rro r-n ld sd nguy6n, z tDttaphqp sd rguycr, iu'ti lt'lt

* {*,} + "'+ {x,}l = n-l'hieu [x] ld sd nguyen lon nhdt kh6ng wor qu6 ' H€ qud (cria tfnh chdt 8, 9, 10): Bidu thfcx, doc ld phdn nguyOn ctta x, phAn 16 cira x li P=lxt+x2+...*x*-h-lz-...-!n7{x} = x - lxl . Khi d6 ta c6 cdc tinh chdt sau

Ttnh chdil. x -l < [x] S r. H0 qui: 0 < {x} < 1.

2.lx)=non<x<n+l.Dacbi0t[x]=0<>0<x<1.

3. fx+ nf:lxl+n.4. Vdi x eZ th\ [-x]: -[x]

Vdi x eZ th\ l-xl = -[r] - 1 .

5. V6i n>l tac6

f,r+[,*1.]* .[, .+1=tnxtL n)

6. Vdi x >.y thi [x] > [y].7.Yot n >1 thi 0<fr{x}l < n-t.8. Vdi n>l tac6: nlxl<Lnxl<nl,x7+n-t.

+ nlxl:lnxf<>0<{r}.f.n

+ [nx]= nlxl+ n -1 o n -l < tx] < l.n

9. V6i m)1,n>l tac6:

. ndxl+ nlyl <lot* + nyl 3 mlxl + nly) + m + n - l.

. mfxl- nly) - n < ltnx - nyl < mlxl - nlyl + m - l.10. Vdi x, e JR ta c6 :

- lxr ] - lxzl- ...-l*^l+ lyr I + lyzl+ ...+ly,lnhdn c6c gi6 t4nguyOn -n;- n + l;...; m -1.ll. a) Ndu x) 0,y > 0 thi lxy)>lxllyl

b) Ndu y, <0,/ < 0 thi lxyl<lxlly)c)Ndu x<0< y th\lxyl>[x][y]+[x].

12.. Ndu a> 0 vb alxl =b/l thi -1 < M -y < a.

.Ndu a< 0 vd a[x] = [y] thi a- I < m - y <0.

Tdng qudt:Ya a,;f ,;6 e IR ; a, , O;Fi ,0.Ndu qfx,l + arlxrl+...+ a*lx*l

= frlyi+ Qzlyzl+ ...+ Fnly,l + d thi

a{r+ dzx2+ ...* d,,fi*- fiilr- frlz- . .- f,J,€ eA- Br- ...- B"+ 6, %+ d2+ ...+ d*+ O.

Chirng mink3. Gie sit [r] = m th\ theo TC2 ta c6:

ml x <m+7 > m+n1x*n <m+n+1

=[x+ n]=myn:lxf+n.4. - Vdi x eZ th\ -x eZ nOn -x ld sd nguyOnlon nhdt kh6ng wot qu6 -x vd x ld sd nguyOnlon nhdt kh6ng wot qu6 x nOn

[r] = x ;[-x] = -.r, suy ru l-xl: -;e : -[x].- V6i x #Zth\theo TC1 ra c6:

x -7 <[x] < x + [x] < ;r < [x]+1lxrl+lxrl+...+[x,] S[x, + xr+...+ x,] = -[x]-1 < -x<-[x] = [-x] =-[r]-1.

S[x,]+lxzl+...+lx,)+n-1. 6.TheoTC1 c6 x<[x]+1 vd lyl<y.

t.; nnr,r-rorn, t*ilrH$ |KHÔNG THAY THẾ CHO TC TH&TT TRUYỀN THỐNG !

Gii srl [x] < [y] suy ra

[x]+1 <[y] = x <[r]+1 <[Y] 3 Y + x < Y

mAu thuAn v6i gii thtdt x2 Y.

7. Do 0 < {r} < 1 n0n 0 < n{x} <n

=0<1"{*\1<n-1.8. Do n[x] eZ nAntheo TC3 c6

lnxl=ln(lxl+ {x})l = nlxf+[r{x}]. Mh theo

TC7 c6 0 < [m{x}] < n-1, suy ra

nlxT < lnxl < nlxl+ n - l. nlxl = lnx)

e[r{x}] = 0 <> 0 S n{x\ <1 e0 < {,}'-1n

lnxl= nlxl+ n-l el"{x)l= n-l

e n -!< n{x} < n e n -l ={x}

< 1.n

9. lmx + ny7=lmlxl+ m{x) + nlyl+ n{y)l

= mlx)+ nlyl+lm{x} + n{v\1

Unx - nyl=lmlx)+ m{x\ - nlYl- n{Y)l

= mlxT - nlyl + lm {x} - n {v}1.

Do 0< {*};{y} <1n6n

0 < m{x\ + n{y\ < m + n ; -n < m{x\ - nltt) < m'

Suy ra: 0 <lm{x) + n{y})< m + n -l ;

-n <lm{x} -n{Y}l< m-1.

Do vdy mlxf + nlyl <lmx + nY)

< mlxl+ nlyl+ m+ n-1.

mlxl- nlyl - n < lmx - ny) < mlxl - nly) + m - l.

10. fxr + x2 + ...+ xn)

= [[xr] + {x,} + lxzl+ {x} +...+ [x,] + {x,}l= [x1] + lx2l+ ...+lxn)+ [{x1} + {x2} + ...+ {xr}] (l)

Do 0 < {x,} < 1 nOn 0< {xr}+{xr} +.-.+ {x,\ <n

suyra: 0<[{xr} +{xzl+...+{x,}] <n-l (2).

TU (1) vI (2) ta c6 didu phii chtmg minh.

Chtng minh hi qud:

Bidn ddi tucrng tgTCS,9, 10 duo.c:

p = [ {x, } + {xr\ + ... + {x*\ - {y} - {y z\ - ... - {J, "}]

eZ (1).

Ta c6: -n < {x} + {xz} + ...+ {x-}-{Y} - {Yz\ -...- {Y"} < m ndn

-n <l{xr} + {xr} +... + {x,} - {y} - Uz} -.. - - U"\)< m-l Q).

Tt (1) vh (2) suy ra P nhan c6c grd tri nguy0n

-n;-n +L;...;m-I.11. Do [x][y] eZ n€n

lxyl= [([r] + {x}Xtyl + {Y})l

= [x][y] + [[x] {y} + [y] {x} + {x} {y}l+tixl {y} + [Y] {x} + {:r} {Y}l

= [r][y] + [[x] {y} + {xX[Y] + {Y})l: [x][y] + [[r] {y} + {x\y|.a) vdi x,y20 thi [x]>0 md {x};{v}>Onen [x]{y} ) 0, {x}Y ) 0, suy ra

trl{y} +{x\y > 0 = ttxl{Y}+{x}Yl> 0

do vay lxyl>[x][y].b) V6i x,y<0 thi [r]<0 md {x};{Y}>0n6n [x] {y} < 0, {*}y < 0, suY ra

trl{y} + {x}y < 0 = ttrl{Y} + {x}Yl < 0

do vdy lxy)<[x][y].c)V6ix<0<ytlri [x] <0<ymi0< {x}; {y}< 1,

suy ra [x] {y} > [x] vd {*}Y > 0, suY ra

txl{y}+{x}Y>[x]> [[x] {y) + {x}y1> [[x]l = [x] (theo TC6)

do vAy lxyl> [x][y] +[x].

lz.Yot alxf =[y] thi

dx - y : a(lx7+ {x}) - ([v] + {v}) = a{x\ - {v)

-h$ia >0 c6

-l < a{x\- {y} < a > -l < dx - Y < d.

-khirl<0 c6

a -1 < a{x\ -{y} < 0 > a -l < dx - Y 30.

-Tac6a{l + d2x2 + ...+ dmxm - Ah - fzyz -...- frnyn

= drlxtT+ arlxrf + ...+ a*lx*)

-giYi- FzLY)- "'- fr,lY)++ar{xr) + a.r{xr\ + ...+ a*{x*}

-fi{Y} - Fz{Y} - "'- F"{Y"}

TONN HOC2 ' ;4"aEA s,;.* ,rr-rrro

KHÔNG THAY THẾ CHO TC TH&TT TRUYỀN THỐNG !

= 6 + a1{xr\ + ar{rz\ +...+ a*{x*\

-A{v} - Fr{vzl -...- F,{y") (r)

Do o< {*,};{t1}<t ',on5 + ar{xr} + ar{*z\ + ...* d*{"*l - fi{y}

-Fz{y} -...- B,{y,} thuQc khoang

Cfi- 0z - - Fn + 6;q-t d2 * ...* d* + 6) (2)

Tt (1) vd (2) ta c6 dpcm.

(Ban doc tu chrlng minh c6c tinh chdt cdn lai).

B. Mot sd thi du

O Thi du l. Gicii phurtng trinh

Ir+ll Ir+3-l t1'*1s-T 22l-l-l ', - +..._l l=a* ixj rt)Lr6 lLr6 l L16 I3

Loi girii. Theo TC5 ta c6:

vr( r) : [t1-] * [l:] * 1l *... * ltt * Z-lL16l L16 8l L16 8l

=[r4l=[lt-LlL 16 I L 2 l1) )) 25

Do 0 < {x} < 1 n€n !<VP(l) :a*tx} <-.J33Laic6 VT(l) eZ nAn VT(l): VP(l) = 8.

vrr) : g .= [4] =8 <] 8 < r+l

<9L2 ) 2

e 15 < x <17 e [x] = 15 ho4c [x] = 16.

')VP(l)=$<> {r}:i. Ma ;s=[x]+{x} n6n

3

PT(l) c6 2 nghiem * =!ua, =1.33O Thi du 2. Gitii phurtng trinh

"Ittx-tz-] [sx-zlJ.

^ -, - \ ,,l9lilLJL-J

Ldi gitii. Theo TC12, fU FrI(*) suy ra

-r.u.llx*17 -5x-2 <3 <+ 2<x<493

=9.5x-2 <6 = z.ls*-21=vp(*)<5.3 3 L3.l "

Me VT(*) ld sd nguydn chia hdt cho 3 n6n

vT(*) = vP(*) = 3, suy ra

[[*#l=, [r.!!L.zPT(*)e{l ' J el 'l[t,-r.l_, Ir= 5x-2.0lL 3 l- 3

lze 3sl_< Y<_Itt---.11 26 t4

lll_ t4 ll s

ts 5

V4y t4p nghiem cira Pr(*) td. r =[4,+)Lll s)O Thi du3.Gidi phuong rrinlt

l*'l*'.ll+ {ro - x2,, :g# (l)

Ldi giii. Theo TCl c6 lx2l> ,2 - 1 ncn

x2lx2l> x2 (x2 -l) = xa - x2 .

Theo TC6 suy ra l*'l*'|)2L*a - x2l.Tac6

VT(1) 2lra - *21+ 1*a - *2) : *4 - 12 (2)

vn( *z-1)' =

o c> x4 - *2 >osx-2 - st (3)\ s) 2s

Tt (2) vn (3) suy ra VT(l) > VP(l). Vay

W(D = VP(1) e dd.u"=" xiry ratu Q) vd (3).

PT(l) c6 2 nghiCm * = ^pr* =-vs'

O Thi du 4.Gitii phu:ong rrinh

4[I4-] -s[**r-l. J rox - 3

|

[3.] L 6.ll o )

25x2 *130x+229(l)

t, nn, ,r-rorn, T?EilrHff

3

KHÔNG THAY THẾ CHO TC TH&TT TRUYỀN THỐNG !

Ldi gitii. Ap dqng TC9 ta c6

vro) =

[o. t'*'

- s.( * *1)l. r * {'o*,*'l",,,-L3-.("-A))-,-1 6IItox+:l Itox+3.l

:l-lf''-tr\L o lt 6 )-l0x+3 - l0x+33

=::::---:-r(=- t'r\66

Mb (5x -114)2 > O

10x + 33(4,-<6

non tD (2) vd (3) suy ra VT(l) < VP(l). Vay

\rI(1)=VP(l) e ddu"=" xhyratai(2) vd(3)

[4[rlt]l - s[., * ll = ['0, * rl *,<+l L 3 .l L 6l L 6 l

I

[(sr- l4)2 =g

V4y Pf(1) c6 nghiOm x =2,8.

O Thi dq 5.Gidi phuong n'inlz

ry. ry "+ - E,'l = 6r.r,r + #(*)Loi gitii. Theo TC8 ta c6

Ptl.2lx2_l+t 1ly. t3{'l .31*')*2 e)2233y4.4lx2l+3

1:y , [s{'] . t[*'_]*o (o)

4 4 5- 5

C0ng vd v6i vd (l),(2),(3),(4) ta duo. c

vr(*) < 4lr'l*ry (s)60

Md x2 z o non lt'l>0 suy ra

4lx2)+# = 6lx2)+W

PT(*) e

! = {*') .,

? = {,,\ .,

lrr*rr<1<> 1=" =1x2Y<t

! = {*'} .,

l*'1= o

ll *')

25x2 -l3Ox+229

TU (5) vd (6) suy ra VT(*) < VP(*).

VT(*) = VP(*) <> ddu "-" xily rat4i (l), (2),

(3), (4), (5), (6).Do d6

(3)| ], *.t

..' I {5 Viy t?p nghiem ctra PT(*)-l 1 '

l-1<x<-+I t-LV5rdr=(-t,*)'[-2,r).t. 'Js ) lJs' I

nAt rAPGlhicdc phuong trinh sau

1) txtxll =41*,2) lxll-xl+s{x2}+4=O

vl z*2-r*1-]- fzx+tlJ)lL^ 3 3l-L 3 ]

o, ,lrtx-zt l*[rr*tl =o'L t2 lLol

6)

7)

8)

1I1215) l"xl+l1Oxl+ +_=_

[x] [0x] l0

zr*t * rg _ t - +rJilrz - Jit

llx * {3x2 +3x +0,2} -1 1,8

4x6 -13x4 +7x2 +25,25

[x2 +0,5][3x2 +0,5]+ {3x

tJil+[3Jr]+1

l;.;1.1;.;1.3lx2 +0,81+[3x+0,

+1

*1-] =,2)

1_I

t1'

x

7

J;,[_L'

h

+

8l

)x2 -0,75y

" 6lx'+- l.7)

(6) e) 2t3{x}):ry#+(t*t+z)2

- 1.10) o+

=[

- TOfiN HOC4 rcrua@

11)l*')+12x2)+l4x2l+ 2

KHÔNG THAY THẾ CHO TC TH&TT TRUYỀN THỐNG !

I{uong uE nu ilrYfu $ffi uAo m ro HffrEr{ tontt

TnU0ilG IHPT GHUYEil HA TiilH NAru Hec zol4-201s@d thi ddng trdn TH&TT 5d 448, thdng 10 ndm 2014)

Ciu 1. Yl ac: -1 < 0 n6n PT 1u6n c6 hai Gid tri nhd nhiit

nghiQm ph6n biQt x1tx2.Ta c6 t - rr-1 = 0 f2 =6[a+b +JO+r *Jr*o)' =2(a+b+c)+

fdru girii

<> q +1 = xr2 suy ra x1>-1 vd

33x, + 25 = 9(xt +I) + 24xr+ I 6 = (3x, + 4)2

=P(x,) =3*r-JYrr*N =3xr -(3xr +4):4(Do 3x, +4 > 0 vdi x, > -1).

Tuong at P@) :4 .Ydy 4x) = 4x) (dpcm).

Cffu 2. a) Ddp s6: x =

b) Di6u ki6n: ry 2 0.

t+Jt:

OC n9 PT c6 nghiOm thi x+ y >0 .

Tt PT thri nh6t ctra hQ ta c6

2 2 .l-x' + y' - -xy + 6,,!xy +9 (1)

Tt PT thri hai cira hQ suy rar--:-

64=1tlx2 +7 +11y2 +7)2 <2(x2 +7 +y2 +7)

rct hqp (1) ta c6 (r[i -3)' < 0 e ,[*y =3

Tnd6 x+ y - 6. Ddp s6: x= ! =3.

Cflu 3. a) Tti hQ dd cho ta c6

(*+Y)2 =22 +2(x+Y-z)

r-e (x + y - z)(x + y + z -2) = o e l'

= :*

o'

lz=z_x_yThay vio PT ban dAu ta c6 k6t qui:

v =3,! = 4,2 =-5 ho{c x = 4,! =3,2 : -5 .

b) Gid tri lon nhiit

P = 1"{o * 6 + Jn * + r[, + o)' s 6(a+b + c) = g

1

;J

z(lG. q@. ")

+,{@ + "11"

+ o1 + I @ + rY,, + q)

Ta c6 (a + b)(b i c) = b2 + ab + bc + ca) b2 .

Ding thric xhy ral<hi ab + bc + ca = 0.

Tucnrg tu cho 2 BDT kJtdctac6: F >4>F>2.Ding thirc xtry rakhi c6 mQt s6 bing 1, hai s6

b5ng 0. B

Cffu 4.

A M

a) . Tam gi6c ACE cdnt4i Cn6nr

C4E =9ff -12

BAH .

7+ BAE:i + AE ld phdn gi6c cua

2

Tucrng W AF li phdn gi6c cua CAH . Suy ra A,

Iy E thdnghdng (dpcm).

o Do Clph dn gi6c cir. IdE , LACE cdnt4i En€n CI ld trung tryc cua AE, do db IA : IE.Tucrng W IA: IF.V$y IE: IF.

b) Ki hiQu (O ld duorrg trdn dudng kinh EF.

Tri cdu a) ta c6 / li t6m duong trdn ngopi ti6p

MEF suy ru EIF =2EAF = 90o , do d61 c (q.

Do CI ld trung truc cira AE nln1am gi6c I2AE-^

cdn tAi 12 > I,AE = AEIz = 45o suy ra

iD =90o hay Iz e (Q.Tucrng tulr e (O.

Do d6 (O h tlucrng trdn ngopi ti€p N{21.(Xem ti€p trang 13)

t.nn, or-rorn, '?EI#S 5

+ F <G. Oi"g thirc c6 l<hi a = b = c -

KHÔNG THAY THẾ CHO TC TH&TT TRUYỀN THỐNG !

#rur Tui- sr,$1 vlo r^& u rrofu flr[ rl(triT?,r+' rf MNH

NAM HOC 20T4-2015VONG I

Cdu l. a) Gi6i phucrng trinh

(3 - x) /t: + x)(e + x2l = +/st: - ry

b) Tinhx

vbi6tx> 1,y<0vd

(x+/xx3 -rr,r[-V-{T(r - r'a;;1 *2 y2 + *y3 + ya)

Ciu2" a) Gi6i hQ phuong trinh

(r20 philt)

b) Tim zz cl€ phucrng trinh (l) c6 2 nghi6m phdn

biQt xr, x2 sao cho 2lx, + 7 m(2 + x, + $1 = 59.

^tACiu 4. a) Goi *=#, Y=Jab ldn luqt ld2'trung binh cQng vd trung binh nhdn ctaduong a vd b. Bi6t trung binh cQng cta xbing 100. Tinh

^s =Ji*Ju.b) Gia st hai tlai lugng x, y ti lQ nghich (x, y lu6nduong). N6u r tdng ao/o thi y giAm mo/o. Tinh m

theo a.

Ciu 5. Hinh r.u6ng ABCD co AB :2a, AC cit Ant4i 1. Gqi (6) la tluong tron ngoai tiiip tam gi6c

CID, BE ti6p xric vdi (6) tqi E (E ldtic Q, DEcit A,a tqi r.a) Chrmg minh LABE c6,n.TinhAF theo a.

b) BE cit AD tqiP. Chimg minh tludng trdn ngoai

tii5p tam gi6c ABPti6p xuc voi CD.finh {.,PDQ EA c1t(e)@i M(MV,hircE"). Tinh AMtheo a.

(150 phtit) a..6a..6,a.-6b) Chrmg minh ring n6u r > 1 thi a + c vd b + ckh6ng the dOng thdi le sii nguy6n til.Ciu 4. Cho diiim C thay dOi tr6n ntra duong tron

duong kinh AB : 2R (C * A, C +B). Ggi Hh hinh,.i

chieu r,u6ng g6c cua C lfu AB; I vit J 16n luqt ldtAm dudng tron nQi tir5p c6c tam gi6c ACH vit BCH.C5c ducrng thtng CI, CJ cit,qn lAn luqt tqi M, N.a) Chimg minh ring AN: AC, BM: BC.b) Chung minh 4 di6m M, N, J, I ctng nim tr6nm6t duong trdn vd c5c ducrng thing MJ, NI, CHtl6ng quy.

c) Tim gi6 tri lon nh6t ctra MN vir gi6 tri lon nh6t

cira diQn tich tam gi6c CMN theo R.

Ciu 5. Cho 5 s6 t1l nhi€n ph6n biQt sao cho t6ngcua ba sO b6t ki trong chfng lcrn hcrn t6ng cria hais6 cdn l4i.a) Chimg minh ring tdt ca S sO da cho tl6u kh6ngnh6 hcrn 5., -.( ). 'b) Tet cA citc b0 g6m 5 s6 tho6 mdn d6 bdi md

t6ng cria chring nh6 hon 40.

NGUYflN DIJC TAN (TP. H6 Chi Minh) gicti thiQu

2s6vir y

= -6.

Il; - r. r)(il7. ex,. ?) - rs) = o

t_[r/x'+9+rry+7 =8

b) Hinh thoi ABCD c6 diQn tich ld tar6 lmetvu6ng), tam giitc ABD ddu. Tinh chu vi hinh thoivd b6n kinh <lucrng trdn ngo4i titip tam giilc ABC.

Cf,u 3. chophuongtrinh ni +(m-3)x+2m-l=0 (l)

x+3

a) Gi6i phuong trinh khi m: -1.

a".6a.-6a..6 VONG 2

CAu l. Chophuongtinhlz'z+ S\f -zmx*6m:0(l)(rz ld tham s6).

a) Tim m sao cho phucrng trinh (1) c6 hai nghiQmphdn bi6t. Chimg minh rdng khi d6 t6ng cria hainghi€m kh6ng thC ld s6 nguy6n.b) Tim m sao cho phuong trinh (1) c6 hai nghiEm

xy, x2 thoirmin tli6u kiQn (x,x, - "!i3 a)o =rc.

Ciu 2.

lz(r* *,[i\' =evJi1) Giai hQ phucrng trinh ] ' "' ',

[z(t+yG)'=g*Ji2) Cho tam gi6c ABC v$ng tai A vli c5c dudngphdn gi6c trong BMvit CN. Chimg minh b6t ding

,O, " (MC+MA)(NB+NA) >Z+2Ji.

MA.NA

Cflu 3. Cho c6c s6 nguyOn duong e, b, c sao cho

1l I

abca) Chimg minh r6ng c + b kh6ng tfr6 n sO nguy6n t6.

TORN HOC6 t.ruaLa sd aas trr-zorel

KHÔNG THAY THẾ CHO TC TH&TT TRUYỀN THỐNG !

Chu6'n [icho lrithi6t nshitp THPI

vi thi uioOai hoc

TNUG TAil IAIII GICNaOYEN TRUOITG sON

Oi tht nyAn sinh vdo Dsi hsc, Cao ddng hiQn,:

nay, theo cdu tnic cfia BQ GD&DT, cdc bdi

odn vd ea dA ffong mfit phdng thaong xuyAn

xudt hi€n. D€ gidi qrryiit cdc bdi todn nay cdc)J

thi sinh cdn ndm virng mQt ttnh chdt hinh hoc

phdng ndo d6, diiu dd ldm cho cdc thi sinh cdm

thay tilng tung. Bdi vt€t nay mong mudn ghip

m\t chut kidn th*c nh6 cho cdc thi sinh sdp

bwdc vdo ki thi tuyAn sinh Dqi hpc, Cao dting.

I. KIEN THUC CAN NIIO

Cho tam gi6c ABCnQi ti6p duong trdn (.1),11ld

tr.uc tdm cira tam gi6c. Gqi E, F ldn luqt ldchAn dudng cao hp tir B, C. Mld trung di6mcira c4nh BC (h.1).

NhQn xet 1.78 =27il =ZT grong d6 -r Htrung di6m c;iula do4n AIt).

P

NhQn xit 2. IA L EF .

C6 nhi6u c6ch chimg minh nhan x6t ndy, c6

th6 sir dpng nhpn x6t 1. Sau tl6y li mQt c6ch

kh6c:

Ta c6 CFB = CEB =900 n6n th gi6c BCEF

nQi ti6p dunng trdn, do d6 frE =frE .

D.vngAt ld ti6p tuyi5n cua duone frdn (1). Khi d6A -^

ACB = BAt . Ti d6 AFE = BAt ndn At ll EF.

Suyra IALEF.NhQn xit 3. Gqi P ld giao diOm thri hai cria

duong thdng BH v6i dudng rdn (1). Khi d6, Pld di6m eOi xtmg ciaH quadutrng thhngAC.

NhQn xit 4. Gqi Q ld ch0n ducrng cao h4 tudinh A cua A,ABC. Khi d6 H ld tdm nQi ti6p

cua LEFQ.

Chrmg minh c6c nhdn xdt 1,3,4 h kt6 dC Aang.

rr. rrri Du AP Du\GQThi dlr 1. Trong mqt phdng voi h€ truc tea

dQ Oxy, cho dudng trdn (C) ; r' + y' = 25. .:

ngogi tiep tam giac nhon ABC cd chdn cac

dudng cao hq t* B, C lin laqt td M(-l; -3),N(2; -3). Tim t7a d6 cdc dinh cita tam gidcABC biA ring di€m A co tung d0 dm.

Lli gif,i (h.2)

C{ch 1. Duongtron (C) c6 t6m

O(0;0), b6n kinhR=5. Ta c6:

ffi =(3;0).Theo nhdn xdt 2,

tac6 OALMN.Khi d6 ducrng

thtng OA qua O,

nhan MN = (3;0) ldm vecto ph6p tuy6n c6

phucrngtrinh: x=0.Toa d0 di6mA h nghiQm cria hQ phuong tinh[x=0I . a _ _. VilcotwrgdQdmn0n,,4(0;-5).lx' + Y- ='25

Hinh IHinh 2

ss *, or-roro T?3I#?E 7

KHÔNG THAY THẾ CHO TC TH&TT TRUYỀN THỐNG !

Ta thdy Vfr = (L;2\,Vfi = (2;2) lin luqt ld

vecto chi phucrng cira rtudng thingAC, AB.

Phucrng trinh duong thing AC: 2x + y+ 5 = 0 .

Phuong hinh duong thtng AB: x - y -5 = 0.

Toa d0 tli6m C ld nghiCm cira h0 phuong trinh:

[2x+y*5:0 [x:0: v=-5i el >C(-4:3).lx- + y- =25 lx = -41y =3

Tqa d0 di6m B ld nghiQm cira hQ phuong trinh:

I x- v-5 = 0 [x:0: v =-5i," el =B(5;0).lx'+y':25 [x=5;y=Q

Do 7E .Ve > o,Ee .Etr > o,cE.e) > o , n6n

tam gi6c ABC nhon. YQy A(0;-5), B(5;0),

c(a)) . a

Chch 2. Gi6 sir H(a;b) ld tr.uc t6,m LABC.Goi P, Q l6,n luqt ld giao tli6m thri hai ciracluong thing CH, BH voi ducrng tron (C).Theo nhqn xdt 3, P, Q ldn luqt li di6m dOixr?ng cria H qua AB, AC. VflyP(4 - a;-6 * b),Qe2 - a;-6 - b) . Ta c6 hQ:

Y6i H(I;-2) th\ HM =(-2;-I),Hfi = (1;-1) + ufr.nl: -l < o.

Yor H(I;-10) thi Hfr =G2;7),

Hfr=(1;7)= HM.HN:47>0.

Suy ra BAC lil g6c tu (mAu thu6n). Do d6H(t;-2).Tac6 AC: 2x + y+5 = 0 ; AB: x- y -5 :0.Gqi 1ld trung di6m cua ,BC. Tt 7E =ZOi

suyra ,(:,1). rrr.rd: x+ 3y- 5:0.' l)') )\- -/Tri d6 suy ra c6c tli6m A(0;-5), B(5;0),

C(a))th6a mdn y€u cAu bdi to6n. D

QThi dqr 2. Trong mfit phdng voi h€ trc tgad Oxy, cho tam gidc ABC cd A(1; -l), nryc

tdm H(2;1), BC =ZJi . Gpi E, F tdn lwqt ldchdn d*dng cao hi t* B, C cila tam gidc ABC.Lqp phuong trinh &rong thdng BC, bi6t trungdi*m M cua BC nim ffAn &rong thdngd: x -2y - | : 0 vd M cd tung dp duong.

Ldi gi6i. Do M thuQc ducrng thing d n€nM(2a+l;a)(a > 0). Ggi I ld tdm tlulng trdn

ngopi ti6p tarn gi6c ABC.

TacoZfr =(4;2),AH =2Ji Yd -Afi

=27fr,suy ra I(2a-l;a-l),IM:16. V\ M ld trung

di6mBCn6n IM LBC. Do tl6:

,o, =(T) + IM2 = lo = (2a+t)2 +a, =to\2 )

o5a2 +4a-9:0 <>a=l hodc o:-2.'5Do a> 0 n6n a: I > M(3;l). Dudng thing

BC di qua M(3;t), nhfln 1fi =(a;l limvecto ph6p tuy6n c6 PT: 2x + y - 7 : 0.

@Thi dqt 3. Trong mfit phdng voi h€ trUc tqa d0

Oxy, cho tarn gidc ABC cdn tai A, tryc tdm

H(-3;2). Gpi D, E ldn lu.ot ld chdn daong cao hitu B, C cila tam gidc ABC. Bt€t diem A nim tAndoons thdng d : x -3y-3 = 0, diem F(A))thuQc &rdng thdng DE vd HD:2. Tim t7a dQ

diAm A.

Loi gini. Do A nim h6n ducrng thingd: x-3y -3 = 0 n}n A(3t +3;t) va / e lR .

Ftr= Qt +5;t -3), H): (3t +6;t -2). Do

tamgi6c ABC cdntqiAn€n AH L DE .

Tac6 ADz = AHz *HD2. Khid6:

FA2-FH2=DA2-DH2

= FA2 *FH2 : AH2 -2HD2> (3t + 5)'z + (t -3)' - 2 = (3t + 6)2 + (t - D'z - B

) t - 0. Ydy A (3;0). trLdi binh: MOt tinh ctr6t ttli vi dugc sir dgngtrong thi dr,r 3, thudng gip d6 ld: Cho 4 di€m

{t+-rf +(6+ b)'=25=[, =t"b=-2

l{z+a)' +(6+b)'=25 la=l,b =-10

Ldi binh: R6 rdng khi ldm theo c6ch 2 thi diOu A, B, C, D, n€u AB L CD thiki€n tung d0 di6ml 6m ld kh6ng cdn thi6t. ACz - ADz = BC2 - BD2 .

^ TORN HQCU - ctrdifta s6 aas (n-2ou)

KHÔNG THAY THẾ CHO TC TH&TT TRUYỀN THỐNG !

rpa iti Ox.r,, cho taw giric A{3C c:dn tqi A,hai dvt)'ng ua BE, CF cdr nhau tqi Ilt2;21,biet {tE,*3. T'irn taa d$ dtnh A c*cr taru giacABt' bi1{ riinh A thu6c du'tntg thiingcl : x-r y + 12 =' 0 ru khodng tfick tir .A ct,in

.hrong tlwng Ef' nho nhat.

Ldi gi,fii Ta th6y ring H kh6ng thuQc ducrng

thing d . Do A nim tr6n duong thingd: x+ y +12 = 0 n6n A(t;-t -1,2) vor / e IR..

u)= Q -2;-t -14) .

Vi tam gi6c ABC cdn t4i An€n AH L FE .

X6t tam giric vu6ng HAE ta c6:

AE2 = AHz -HE2 =Q-2)2 +1t+t+1, _e

=2t2 +24t +t9l

vit cl(.4.EF\:n::. =WAH tl2t' +24r +2oo

=Jrt\ut +2oo - Jrt\%t +roo9

2(t +6)2 +128 -Jra.* .nB

>r28-9 _tlsJ?8J, t6

Ding thric xiry rakhi vd chi khi t = -6 .

Khoing c6ch tu A d€n EF nhb ntr6t Uang

t'ro^ llkhi l(-6;-6).D

16

* fis{ dr1 5. }'rong wiit phareg viri hQ trUC iettde {}}:.y, r:krs funt. giac Af}C cdn tqi dinh A. Goiht li trung diem ctw dottn thang AB. {ioi' /*t rr\E('i;l),,t| ;.:i llan lwpt ld r:hdn dwmg cao

ii 5J\-ha tu-cac dinh 8, C ctia tarn gidt ,48C. tim*la dp c{ta dir*t A hiil ring phuong trinh&d"*g thiing C]\ /ri 2x + v * 13 = 0.

Ldi gidi Gqi G ld trgng t6m A,ABC. DoLABC cdn tai A nln AG chirt';, li tlucrng trungtr.uc cua tlopn thing EF. PT AG h-3x+y+12=0.Tqa dQ di6m G ld nghiQm cira hQ PT:

lzx+v-13: O lx:5) ' ei ^=G(5;3).f-fx+ y+12-0' |.y=:' -\-'-lAe AG > A(a;3a-12),C eCN = C(c;13-2c).Do G li trqng t6m tam gi6c ABC n6n suy raB(15- a-c;8-3a+2c),

CA\S - a-2c;-5 -3a+ 4c)

EEfg - a - c;7 - 3a + 2Q,Ee@ * 7 ;12 * 2c)

Ta c6 AG I BC;EB L EC n€n

ItS - a -2c +3(-5 - 3a + 4c) = Ql[(S - " -

c)(c - 7) + (7 -3a + 2c)(12 - 2c) = g

aa*c-7.Khi d6 A(7;9),8(l;l),C(7;-l) . J

*Tki dqt 6. Trong nzst phdnS; v,ni h( truL' t{)a

d$ Oxy, *ut tarn giac AB{ n$i rii;t dwdng tr':)n

tum l\.1;21, b(rn kfnh .R * 5. Cltttu &rdng cao

ha tir B, C r:fict iant p:itit: ,4tiC ltin lwr,tt l&

ff(3;3j, i.(0;-i ). tiiir phunng trinh du'rhtg tron, ..:ngoqti tidp t{r g;,;r' P{:UX, hi,6t ring tung dodiew A dwmg.

Ldi gidi Ta c6 Kfr = Q;4) .

Theo nhdn xdt 2, ta co IALHK. Do cl6

duong th6ng IA c6 phuong trinh ld:

YA'y A(-3;s).

Eucrng thing AB c6 phucrng trinh:2x+y+1=0. Euong thhng AC c6 phuong

trinh: x+3y-12=0. Dudmg thing BH c6

phucrngtinh: 3x -y-6=0. Eudng thtngCKc6 phucrng hinh: x *2y -2 = 0.

Khi d6 d6 dang suy ra B(l;-3),C(6;2).

Gqi -rh tAm duong tdn ngo4r tiCp tu grfuc BCHK

r.BC. Khi " '(:,-:)

lx=l+4t] ^ - ' '-

ft € IR). I thuQc duong thhng IAly:2-3t'n€n A(l+4t:2-3t), voi ,.?.

J

f. .l

Tac6 IA- 5 <> l6t2 +9t2 :25= I ' -'[r=-1

i{:*r*?.,,-_W"HBE s

KHÔNG THAY THẾ CHO TC TH&TT TRUYỀN THỐNG !

tlQ =

!Q- :!= uo : -4 * - u( !,2)UF EF s ' s (3,

Phuong trinh dudng tron ngoai ti6p ru gi6c/ n:,2 f 1\' 25

BCHKId: I x-11 *t v+- | --.t ?l \' )l )\ --l \

Ldi binh: C6 rdt nhiOu c6ch x6c dinh tga dQ

tdm ducrng trdn ngoai ti6p tu gr6c BCHK. Tac6 thO x6c dinh toa d0 t0m Zdudng trdn ngopiti6p tam gi6c AHK. Sau d6 suy ra toa d6 tdm Jbing c6ch su dpng nhQn x,!t l.*Thi dy 7. Viet phaong trinh ba canh ctiatctm gidc ABC bi€t E(-l;-z), F(2,2), Q(l,2) ldnlrcctt ld chan ba danng cao ha tii A, B, C cua

tam giac ABC.

Ldi gidi. Theo nhdn xdt 4, truc tdm H cin tamgi6c ABC chinh ld tdm dudng trdn nQi titip tamgi6c EFQ. Do d6, ta tim tqa d0 di6m ll nhusau:

Ggi U ld giao tli6m cua AE voi QF.I{hi d6 tac6:

HU FU I -

l_'_Z ='l: I + HU = -: HE + H(0;l) .HEFE33Phuong trinh duong thingABlit-x+y * 3 :0.Phucnrg trinh duong thhng AC lit 2x + y- 6 : 0.

Phuong trinh dudng thing BC ld x + 3y + 7: O.

rrr. BAr TaP Tu LUYEN1. Trong m[t phiiLng vdi hQ tr.uc tga d6 Ory, chotam gi6c ABC voi C(_3.0), ducrng thlng di qua

chdn ducmg cao h4 tir A, B c6 phucrng trinh ld7x+y+5:0. Vi6t phuong trinh rlucmg trdn ngoaid6p tam gi6c ABC bi6t ring M$;1) thuQc duongtrdn d6.

2. Trong m{t phing v6i h0 trgc tga dQ Oxy, cho/ z r\

tam giSc ABC can hi A. goi M vit Kl l;] lrA,[5' s ,luqt ld chdn ducrng cao h4 tit A vd B cua tam giitcABC.Di€mE(-3;0) ld di6m d6i xrmg ciua M quatrung di6m i/ crja carr,h AB. X6c dfnh tga clQ c5c

clinh cira L ABC bi}t U nim tr6n cluong thingd:4x + y -2:0.3. Trong mflt ph[ng v6i hQ tnrc tga d6 Oxy, chotam gi6c ABC cdn tai ,4, dudng thing BC cophuong tr\nh 2x+y2:0, E, F lAn luqt ld ch6n

tlucrng cao kd ti B, C ctra tam gi6c ABC. BE c6phu<rng trinh x+y+1:0, di)m MQ;I) thuQc

cluong thing CF. Tim toa <10 c6c tlinh cria tamgi6c ABC.

4. Trong m[t phing v6i he trirc tga dQ Oxy, chotam gi6c ABC niri tiiip ducrng trdn c6 b6n kinh

/rr z\- \.3 3'

C6c ditlm K(;4),H(3:1) 16n iuqt ld chdn ducrng

cao ha Li A, B c.6atam gi6c ABC. Tim toa tlQ c6c

clinh cira tam gi6c ABC.

5. Trong mpt phing v6i hq tqa d0 Oxy cho tamgi|cABC c6 chdn cluong cao hp tuB, Cxudngcanh d6i diqn lAn luqt ld K(-2;2), E(2;2).

oiA", p[19;?] rir hinh chit5u vuong s6c(s'5lctn[nt6ngBC. Tim toa c10 c6c clinh cira

AABC.

6. Cho tam gi6c nhon ABC vbi AK, CD ld hairludng cao vd H ld Wc tdm A ABC. BiCt PTcludng trdn ngo4i ti6p tam gi6c DHK:(* - 2)' + y' = 5 , kung di6m cta AC ld P(7 ;5).

Tim to4 d0 c5c di€m A, A, C biSt ring BC di qua

di6m Q[1;a) vd hodnh d0 diem D lon hon 3.

7. Trong mat phSng toa tlQ Oxy, cho I\ABC c6

A(2 ;3), chdn hai cludng cao kd tit AvdB lAn luqt( -t _rt\ /-t 'r't\

ld Hl ' : " l. Kl j:11. coi 1 ld tamI13 13l Ir0'r0,

dudng trdn ngo4i ti6p LABC, E lir mot tlii5m

thu6c cung nh6 AB. Ke EMLBC, ENMC. T\mtoa d0 di6m E aC tnV cO dp dei lon nh6t.

8. Trong mpt phdng v6i hQ tr.uc tga dQ Oxy, cho

tamgi6c ABC. Gqi ,tr,rl,r(!'gltar luqr ld[5 5 )

chAn <luong cao h4 tu c5c dinh B, C cintam gi6cABC. Tlm tqa d0 cira dinh Abilt ring phucrng

trinh dudng thing BC lit 2x + y -73 =0 vd diOm

B c6 tung dQ ducmg.

9. Cho tam gi6c ABC c6 t4rc t6m 11, iluong trdnngoai titSp tam gi6c HBC c6 phucmg trinh:*'+y'-x-5y+4=0. 11 thuQc ducmg thing

L:3x-y-4=0, M(2;3) ld trung di€m AB.

Tim tga tlQ c5c tlinh cira tam giSc ABC.

TOAN HOC10'cludifi@

KHÔNG THAY THẾ CHO TC TH&TT TRUYỀN THỐNG !

THUSUCTRUOCKiTHIaEs6z

(Thdi gian ldm bdi:180 philt)

C0u 1 p aia4.Cho hdm sO y=; -512 +9x+m

(m ldtham s6) cO dO ttri 1C.;.

a) Kh6o s6t sg bi6n thi6n vd vE d6 thf cira hdm

sO (C) l<hi m:0.

b) Tim m d6 tdn t4i ti6p tuyOn v6i d6 thi(C*) di qua di6m AQ;O) vd cit dudng tron

(S) c6 phuong trinh (.r+1)2 + (y-2)2 =25theo m6t d6y cung MN c6 dO ddi nh6 nh6t.

Ciu} (I [email protected] phuorg trinh

cos4x -Jisin2x+2 t;=vJ'sin4x - J3 cos2,

Cflu 3 (1 [email protected] tich phdn

r -.li' i' 2x' -4x+3) r*-I\'[-* +2*+3

Cflu 4 (1 diAm).

a) Gi6i phuong trinh

bg^rr(t-4) = logro,, $ + 2)2+ 1togro,, (r-:)a

b) Cho s6 phric z thIamdn z+(l-Ap:2{l-21).Tim phAn thuc vd phAn 6o cua s5 phric

o = z2 -32.

CAu 5 Q [email protected] kh6ng gian v6i hC toa

dQ Oxyz, cho mflt phing (P) :2x + y - z = O

vd hai cluong thing

dr.I_

thtng L2 Vit5t phucrng iludng thing A di qua

M, vt6ng g6c voi A1 vd tpo voi mflt phing

(P) mQt g6c 30o.

Ciu 6 Q diA@. Cho hinh ch6p S.ABCD co

ddy ABCD le hinh ru6ng, SAL(ABCD),

SA=a. DiQn tich tam gi6c SBC bing2t;

ry. Tinh the tich t<tr5r ctrop s.ABCD2

theo a. Ggi 1, J ldn luqt ld trung di6m c6c

c4nh SB vd SD. Tinh khoAng cdch gifia hai

ducrng thing AI vd CJ.

Cffu 7 (1 diAfi.Trong m6t phing vcri hQ toa

d0 Oxy, cho hinh thoi ABCD c6 t6m I(2; l)

vir AC:28D. oi6m u(o'l] ,n O. clucrng\''3lthing AB, N(0; 7) thuQc cluongthtng CD.

Tim toa d0 di6m ;' bi0t rang EF = 5Ei vitdi6m B c6 tung dQ duong.

Cfru 8 (1 [email protected] he phuong trinh

lJr+3+Vr-2-"lyo+5=!1't^lx2 +2x1y -2) + y2 -By + 4 = 0

CAu 9 (1 die@. Cho a, b, c ld c6c s6 thuc

ducrng th6a min obr=!- Tim giri tri nh66

nhAt cira bi6u thric

x-4 vA.,.1 1

P_

1) 7 )-)

22di6m N tr6n dudng thing A1 sao

N ddi ximg vdi nhau qua duong

oa 7zb+ 1)(3c +t)' l6b4 (3c + 1)(a+ 1)

1I-'

81ca(a+l)l2b+l)

PHAMTRO- NGTHU

(GV THPT chuy\n Nguydn Quang Di€u, D6ng Thdp)

aa nn, or-rorr, t?EI#S

1 1

-J

x-6A.ar.--"1phing (P),

cho M vit

KHÔNG THAY THẾ CHO TC TH&TT TRUYỀN THỐNG !

iruohro uAnr oAt.oE s6

Cflu l. b) Ta c6 d: y: -x + m (m *2) vit I(-t; D.

PT hoinh tl6 giao diiim ctra (H) vd d lit

x-l )

x+1(do x = -1 kh6ng thoa mdn).

Ta c6 A = *2 +8 > O;Vm n6n (.F/) vd d lu6n

cit nhau tai2 di6m A,B vot A(xr;-xr+m);

B(x2;-x2 + m) trong d6 x1,x2 ld 2 nghiQm

cira PT (1) thoa mdn xr+xr=m-Z xfiz:-m-L

Tri ^s/rB =zJi >d(I;d).AB=4Ji

lml,12

e*'1*' +8)=48e m=-2 (do m*2).

Cfiu 2. DK: cosx.cot{ * 0. PT dd cho tuong2

. cos2x . sinx . rdUongvo'l

-+-=Zslnx+[cos.r cos.r

<> cos 2x - sin 2x = cos.r - sin x/\/n)

o "o.[

2x+L l= cosl x+- l.\ 4/ \ 4/

Ddp s6: x = khn;x = -I + f!,t .2.6 3'i/iT:r-(r+x)+"{-JiIx;

f+iCf,u3. Tac6 IL=limx-+0

c6 1 c{p bdt tay vd m5i nguoi kh6ng bfit tay

vg/ch6ng minh). Ta co 2n(n -1) = 40 e n - 5 .

n 5n-11k

b) Ta c6 tr(x) : lc!1-t!*k zk * 2 . Theok=0

bdi ra zdeD*t *+Ce\'t =2n. Do 2" >o

vd acf;>2c, n€n n chin. Khi d6 n=2k

(k e N-). Thay vdo du-o. c ry - 22k-4.'2Suy ra k = 2 o n: 4. HQ si5 cira s6 hpng thri

4 c6n tim ld -32.Cf,u 5. Ta c6 C(0;0;c) voi c > 0. Do

BC=CA=AB n€n c2 +9:18<>c=3. Ggi

G ld t6m LABC ta c6 G(l;l;l). PT duong

thAng A di qua G vd vu6ng g6c vtri (ABC) liL

*-l =Y-l :Z:). yi,S e A n6n .s(s;s;s).111

ITa c6 lsc.stnc)=9<> sG=2J1<)s=3

3

hoflc s = -1. Do vQy S(3;3;3);5(-1;-1;-1).

Cflu 6. Ta c6 0<sd -5,4 =td -Irl <AEnOn tam gi6c SAB vu6ng t1i S. DAt

HA=HO=x ta c6 OB=2x. Theo dinh lic6sin ta c6 BH =*J1;BC=2xJ1. Ta c6

SA2 + SB2 = AB2 o o2 + o' - x2 +7 x2 =!2x2

a r,1. +, r, _l J, ^fl n, -l2Sor=fr. I(tudo Yt*=1.8o7.n =-3 -.Gqi 1 li tAm duong trdn ngopi tii5p tam gi6c

SAC thl1 li trung di6m cua AC.Do HI ll OC

n€n Q1Xxx11=4r;fwD=IlL trong d6 K,L lAn

luqt ld hinh chi6u cua H tr6n c6c duong thingl;

Co vir SK. Ta c6 HK=+!1 =o.Jr2 2'

HK.HS JN,tHK'z + HS'z ll

l_-r(x+lXl+Jt-rl_] 2'

Cf,u 4. a) Ggi s6 cflp vg ch6ng ld n(n>2). Ta

c6 si5 luqng cbi blt tay li C7, - n :2n(n -l)(do m5i c6ch chgn 2 nguoi trotg 2n nguoi thi

. ^ TORN HOC12 tcftdiU@

dtrttco)) -- HL:

KHÔNG THAY THẾ CHO TC TH&TT TRUYỀN THỐNG !

Gi6 su B(a;b)(b > o). Khi d6 {u' ='

-IBH =^,13

.,lt -tf *B =, oo=!*=fi.ve" Bfl,f).la-zf +8:3 2' 2 "

\2' 2 )

Cflu 8. DK: y > l;*3 - *2 +1 > 0. PT thri nh6t

CAU 7. Do tam g76c ABCvuitgtaiA c6 H e (Qvit CA ld ti6p tuy6n cria (Q n6n B e (Q. Ta c6

Ac=2s-c =7 ncn BH=L=J1.AB Jr ,l,qB +,qC

cira hQ hrong tluong voi

1x + lli)z + (y,[y *t)2 = 2(x * li1.y,[y a<=' x+#: J(r-l)' * O:o Vi = ,1-r., {',=

o l

[x2 =1y-t;3.

PT thi hai ctra h9 trd thenh

*4 +# -f +l: x3 +l

e *4 -*3 +*2 -1'rt[; -; a1-x2 =o/\

e (xa -r3 +r' -,l[t-ffi;.] : o

[(r-t)(r'+x+1):0 [x=1el ,_ <+l ^ (dox>0).lrl*3 - *2 +7 :l- x2 [x = 0

Edp si5 : @; y) =(0;1); (x;y) = (I;2).

caue. ru,o (.+.+rY++, 1 A

'*{a=l +3c2 +28=3a2 +2rt +5c2 >2(a+b)(a+c).

MIt kh6c4a

-:

a2 +bc+7 2a2 +a2 +(b+c)2

8a42/- /-' 2a2 +2a(b+c) a+b+c' t[o1U+4'

DovdvP<2 - 5

=*L- 3

a+b (a+b)' ,!a(b+c) a(b+c)

| .( r r')'.1_r( | _1)'.t=--\l

I f--{l :--l <

5 -lo+b s) ' 3 -[ra1a*"y s) - rs

I{hi a=3;b=2;c=lttri F=!. Vfy maxP:4.

rpANOu6cmAr(GV THPT chuy€n Hd Tinh)

HUCTNG nAN cTAI DE ...

(TiAp theo trang 5)

Taco LBAM = A,BFM (c.g.c)

ndn ffii[ =fu =%f suy ra EF LFM (dpcm).

Cflu 5. C6c s6 tlugc vi6t tr6n bing h 1, 5, 11,

23,47,71...

. Nh0n x6t ring c6c sO dugc viiSt tr6n bing (tnisO t; cO tinh ch6t chia3 du2.

ThQt vQy, c6c s5 dAu ti6n tr6n bang (tru sO t;c6 dang (3k+2) .

Ntiu str dung s6 1 d6 vi6t thi sO moi c6 dpng:

(3k + 2).1 + (3k + 2) + | : 6k + 5 chia 3 du 2.

Ni5u kh6ng sri dung sO t eC vitit thl sO moi c6

&ne Qk + 2)(3m + 2) + (3k + 2) + (3m + 2)

ckna3 du2.

Tathdy 20152014 : (3.672-17zor+ chia 3 du 1

n€n kh6ng thc vict dugc s,5 20152014.

o Do z : xy + x + y nln z t I : (x + L)(y+ 1) (1)

N6u cQng th6m 1 vdo c6c s5 duo. c vitit trCn bang

thi dugc di,y cdc s6 2, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72,...

C6c si5 dAu ti6n c6 dpng 2-.3' ndn tu (1) suy

ra cilc si5 dugc vitit th6m cQng v6i 1 cfrng c6

dnng d6.

Mat k1r6c 2015 + | = 2016 : 256.63 : 2a.32.7

n€n kh6ng ttr6 vii5t durv. c sO 2015.

Tr/ HoU SON (^Sd GD-DT Hd Tinh) gioi thiQu

ta *,,rr-rorn, t?lI*Hff 1 3

KHÔNG THAY THẾ CHO TC TH&TT TRUYỀN THỐNG !

OD{rJdi todn T6 hgp ngdy cdng xuAt hiQn nhi6u

hon trong c5c <td thi HSG Qu6c gia cflng nhu

Qu6c tti, nhim giirp c6c em hgc sinh ti6p c6n bdito6n ndy m6t c6ch bdi bin vd chuyOrr sdu hon, t6ixin gicri thiQu il6n c5c em mQt sO vAn tl6 li6nquan. Mo ct6u ld mOt 1d ndng g6c cira bdi to6nd6m: cQng hay nhdn?

Thi du 1. Xdc dinh s6 lon nhiit thu duoc khi x6adi I00 chir s6 trong sd sau:

1234567 8910t I t2t3 .. . 99 I 00,

vdi sii tAn duqc tqo thdnh t* cac sd nguyAn trb Id€n 100 xdp theo t(ilr try t* trai sang phdiLfr gidl Tabdt cldu voi mQt vdi ph6p tlOm. C6 9s6 c6 i cht s6. Tt 10 d)n99, c6 99 - 10 + 1 : 90si5 c6 hai cht sti. Do d6, con sO t€n c6 g + 2.90 + 3:192 chtr s6. Sau khi x6a di 100 chft s6, ta c6tlugc s6 g6m 92 cht s6. V.oi.b6t qi hai sd c6ctng s6 chfi s6, sd c6 cht s6 tlAu l6n hcm se l6nhon. Do tl6, s6 chirng ta cAn tim ph6i Ut Aiubing cdng nhi6u s6 9 cang t6t. Vi v6y, clAu ti6n tax6a 8 cht s6 ngodi cr)ng b6n tr5i. Sau d6, ta x6achu6i tOt1 12... 181 g6m tong cQng 9 x 2 + 7 : 19

cht s6. Tuong t.u, ta x6a cfurdi 202722...282,303132. . .383 , 404142. . .484. Vay ta dd x6a 8 +19 x 4: 84 cht sr5, hiqn ta thu duoc sO sa.,:

99999505t52s3...99t00 (*)Ta cAn x6a 16 cht sd nta. Kh6ng cAn ngtri..;. :. ,nhieu, chi cdn x6a chu6i 505152...57 g6m 16

cht s6 dC thu tlugc s5:

99999s8s96061...99100Drmg qu5 nhanh, ban a. N6u chirng.ta cl6 5 chts9 e grmg clAu, gi6 fi l6n ntr6t c6 thO c6 cira chftsO ti6p theo ld 7, thu dugc khi x6a chu6i505152...565 g6m 15 cht s6. Ctrt sO cu6i ctngc6n x6a li 5 trong 58. Do d6, c6u tr6l<yi ld:

999997 8596061...99100. trThi dqt 2. Gido sa A, B, C vd D dang cho sinhviAn E thi viin dap vi toan td hqp. BOn giao sw

dang ng6i thanh hang. Vi ld d6ng chu tich cilatiy ban bi thi, giao sa A vd D phdi ng6i cqnhnhau. W ld cii vdn cho sinh vi€n E, gido sa C cdn

PHEP CONG HAY PHEP NHAN

Nguy6n Dinh Huy (GV THPT chuyAn NguyAn Quang DiAu, Ddng Thap)

ng1i cgnh.ddng cfu) tich cria W thi. Cdc giao sw

c6 th€ ng6i theo bao nhi6u cdch?.-. ^iLdi giel 56 vi tri md gi6o su C c6 th6 ngdi sE

thay ddi khi vi tri ngdi cira gi6o su I thay ddi.Di6u ndy c6 th6 ldm chtrng ta b6i rOi ,ra di5*kh6ng c6 phucmg ph6p. Mgo cua bdi ndy kh6ng

i. . , )..phAi ld xdp vi tri ng6i .u t46 cho mQt gi6o su b6tkj, tru6c tiOn, md ta ph6i x6p b6n giSo su viro c6c

vi tri ng0i c6 tu<rng quan v6i nhau r6i sau d6 mdix6p ch6 cho hg. Theo di6u ki6n d6 bdi, gi6o sul,D vd C c6 th6 ng6i theo mQt trong cdc cSch sau:(A, D, C), (C, A, D), @, A, C), (C, D, A). Yo1

x. .( . i ^mdi cdch x6p ch6 tr6n, giSo su B c6 th6 ng6i ogho dAu ho{c cutii. Do d6, c6u tri loi ld

2+2+2+2:8.4Quy aic cQng. Niiu sw ki€n A c6 thiS xay ra theo acach vd sw ki€n B cd th€ xay ra theo b cdch thi sry

ki€n hodc A hofic B c6 th€ xay ra theo a + b cdch.

Cd the dd dang ap.dufs !, tudng trAn cho nhiiusry ki€n. Ta cd thA di6n dqt quy tdc c|ng bingng6n ngic tqp hW. Cho S ld m\t fip hW. NAu

A.,,L,...,A, ld mOt phdn hoqch c{ta S thi

lsl=lal *l+l* . *lA,ltuong d6lxl m tu hiQu:. ,:

so lwng phdn tt cia tQp hqp XThi dyt 3. Xdc dinh sd luqng hinh vu6ng.vd dtqcsao cho mqi dinh cfia hinh vu6ng d€u ndm trongmdng l0 x lD.tqo thdnh tir cac ddy di€m nhuhinh 1. (Cdc didm cdch d€u nhau).

aaaaaaoaao

aaaaaaaaaa

aaaaaaoaao

aaaaaaaaaa

aaaaaaaaaa

aaaaaaaaaa

aaoaaaaoaa

Hinh I

Ldi gidl Ta ggi 4 di6m Uat fy ta mQt b0 tft n x nn6u chring ld cdc dinh cta mOt hinh rudng micdc cqr.th hinh vudng song song v6i m6p cuaming. Ta cflng gqi mQt hinh vudng voi c6c tlinh

TONN HOC14 ' ;4i,}iEE ss.* ,,,rrq

KHÔNG THAY THẾ CHO TC TH&TT TRUYỀN THỐNG !

hqp thdnh m6t bQ fli ld hinh wdng b0 tu. C6

92 =81 bdtu 1 x 1.

aaaaaaaaaa

Hinh2.OC ttrAy ring c6 8 bO tu 2 x 2 trongming 3 x 10

nhuhinh 2. Khdng kh6 thay rdng cp 8 m6ng 3 x 10

nhu viy trong ming 10 x 10 d dC bdi. Do d6, c6

8'zb$ hi 2 x 2. Suy lufln tuong tu, ta c6 72 bO fi3 x 3 vir cir nhu th6. V6i I a k aS, cO (tO_ tr)'bg tu k x /r. Nhrmg di6m kh6 cria bdi ndy ld co c6chinh w6ng md cpnh cria chring kh6ng song songvcri mdp cira m6ng. Tuy nhi0n, m6i trintr lu6ngnhu vfy d6u nQi ti6p v6i mQt hinh vuOng bQ tu.

Hinh3. . . . . . . . . . .Do d6, AO ACm dir thi phni dOm t6t cA hinh vu6ngb0 tu vd mqi hinh vudng n6i ti6p. Khdng kh6th6y r[ng trong m6t hinh w6ng bO tu /. x k, c6 khinh ru6ng nQi ti6p, bao g6m chinh hinh vu6ngb0 tu. Vi dq, vcri k:4,ta c6 hinh 4. [m

K...YHinh4. N f,T6ng hqp l4i,ta co dugc cl6p 5n bdi to6n:

9^9

I(ro -k)'.k =f(roor -20k'z+F)

quAn mdt s6 tha ba vd kh6ng bi€t thti' try cira cacs6,ndy. 56 tlxil'ba nhQn mQt trong cdc gia tri tit 1

d2n 40. N€u m6i ldn thtr nhQp mdt l0 gidy thinhiiu nhdt mdt bao tdu rtd An tha net tit cd cdckha ndng?

Ldi gidi. Ta xem x6t 6 tflp hqp con. D[t:

A,={(*,n,24)It<x<a0}

4:{(*,2+,ti)fi<x<a0}4 ={(n,*,24) n< x < a0}

,qo = {(24, x.17) I | <x < ao}

A, = {(tl,z+,x) I I <x < ao}

A6 = {(24,17, x) I t <x < ao}

Kh6ng kh6 de thiy tulem5l t6p con c6 40 phAn

4 Po d6, theo quy tic cQng, c6 40.6:240 ddy

sd tl6 thir vd cAn nhi0u nh6t ld 40 phrit. VQi qu6

r6i, bpn a! MQt tliiru quan trgng nh.mg dC bi b6qua khi 6p dpng quy tdc cQng ld cdc.tQp hqp Aiph6i ld mQt phAn hopch thi quy tdc ndy mditlirng, tuc lit Ai n Aj : A vot i * j. Nhtmg trongbdi ndy, day s-6 {17, 1,7 ,24} thuQc vd ci l vd A3.

Tuong t.u, m6i d6y s6 {17, 24, l7), {24, 17 , I7),{t7,24,24}, {24, 17,24}, {24,24, 17} ctngthuQc vC hai tQp hqp n6n chirng dugc cl6m haihn. Oo cl6, chi c6 240 - 6:234 day dO thu, vdcdutrhloi ching ld 39 phrit. DPhdp c6ng vd ph6p nh0n c6 li6n qual mflt thi6tv6i nhau. Phdp nhdn ld c6ch vi6t ngdn gon choph6p cQng l[p nhiOu lAn. Vi ds, 3.5 :3 + 3 + 3 +3 + 3 : 5 + 5 + 5. Dtng phdp nh6n mQt c6ch hiQu

qu6 c6 th6 girip hiOu ttr6u d5o dC giii cdc,biitobntl€m..C6 ngudi sE dO dang b6 qua ddy sd bi d€mhai l6n trong bu6c cudi ctrng khi gi6i Tlli dq a.

C6 thO c6 nguoi sE t.u h6i li6u cdn ddy s6 ndo bidr5m nhi6u lAn khdng. Nghi s6u hcm mQt chft, ta

the;V rlnenhtng day s6 bt d6m nhi6u 6n chi c6

th6 ld ddy g6m {a, a, b} voi {o, b} : {17,24). a

vd b c6 th6 nhfln hai gi|trlld (a, 9) : Ql,24) vir

(o, b) : (24,17). C6 3 c6ch sdp x€p c6c s6 a, a, blit (a, a, b), !o, b,,a) vd.(b, a, a). Do d6, c6 chinhxhc 6 ddy s0 bi <16m 2 l0n.

Tq cflng c6 th6 gihi Thi fu 2binp phdp nh0n.

Diu ti6n, ta sdp x6p vi tri tuong ddi cho gi6o su

A vit D. C6 hai c6ch x6p lil (A, D) vd (D, A).GiSo su C c6hai c6ch dC ng6i cpnh gi6o su.4 vdD, d6ldngOi O b6n ph6i ho{c b6n tr6i.

(Xem ti6p trang 27)

trrn, or-rorn, T?EI#S

1b

= 1oolfr -20>k'z +Zk3k=t k=1 k=l

= roo.e'lo - 2o.s'to'rs *(4)'2 6 \2)= 4500 - 5700 + 2025 = 825.

fh! dW 4.. [Tdi liQu Todn PEA, Richard ParrisJD€"c6 thA md filt A{ng d6 cila minh tai phdng.tqpth€ hinh, An phdi,nho md s6. Ddy md s6 g6m 3

s6 vd hai trong s6 d6 ld 17 vd 24, nhtrng anh lgi

KHÔNG THAY THẾ CHO TC TH&TT TRUYỀN THỐNG !

\frtlp*'tr{wN

cAc rcyr rl{csBii 1'11449 (L6p 6). Cho 5 s6 nguy6n ph6nbiQt sao cho t6ng cira 3 s5 UAt t y trong chringl6n hon t6ng cria hai s0 cdn lpi. Tim gi6 tri nhonh6t ctra tich 5 s6 nguy6n t16.

NCWBN EIJC TANqr. ui chi Minh)

Bhi TZl449 {Lfp 7)" Cho tam grilc ABC vorAB > AC, AB > BC. Tr6n cpnh AB cin tamgi6c ABC l6,y c6c ei6m P vd E sao choBC : BD vir AC : AE. Qua D vir E ke DKsong song vfi BC vd EI song song voi CA(K =CA,I eCB). Chimg minh rdng CK: CI.

W n0u cufN1Cf ruCS uing Bdng, Q Hing Bdng, TP. Hdi Phdng)

Bdi'rc1449. Gi6i phucmg hinh

-+-:

J;+3 J3r+12

1+ VxNGUYENTATTHU

(GV THPT chuy€n Luong Thi! Vinh, BiAn Hda, Eing Nai)

BitiT4l449. Cho tam gi6c nhgn ABC vbi H littr.uc tdm. M ld mQt di6m nim tuong tam gi6c

sao cho MBA=MCA. Ggi E, F lAn lugt ldhinh chi6u vu6ng g6c cria M t:)n cdc cqrilt AB,AC vd I, J tuong r1ng U trung tti6m .oha BC,MA. Chtmg minh rlng c6c tluong thdng MH,EF vdIJ dttng quy.

rE vnirAN(SV lop Todn 48, DH Suphqm Hui!)

Bii T5/449. Tim t5t ctr citc cflp s6 nguy6n (x; y)

th6a mdn phucmg trinh xa * y3 : xy3 +1.TneNvANHANH

(GV DH Phqm Vdn Ding, Qudng Ngdi)

CAC LO? TrTr,T'

Bei T6/449. Gi6i phucmg tdnh 8'-9lrl =2-T.CAOMINHQUANG

(GY THPT chuyAn Nguydn Binh KhiAm, Wnh Long)

Bni T7l449. Cho tam gi6c ABC v6i ba canh ldAB: c, BC: a, CA: b, b6n kinh dudng trdnngo4i tiiip ld R, b6n kinh duong tron nQi ti6p h

r.Chrmgminhring ;=ryH#DINHVANTAM

(GV THPT Binh Minh, Kim Son, Ninh Binh)

Bei T8/449. Cho ba sO ttrUc ducrng x, y, z thbamfln x > z .Tim gi|frnhO nhat cria bi6u thric

D_ xz , y2 ,x+22I - ) -r-T-'y'+yz xz+YZ x+z

DIJONGVAN SON(GY THPT Hd Huy Tqp, NghQ An)

TIEN TCTT OLYMFIC T$NNBili T9/449. Tim phAn nguydn cira bi6u thric -B

1592013vot B =-{-+-+...*-.3 7 11 20t5^

NGO QUANGHUNG(SV K54, lop KTD, DH N6ng Nghi€p Hd N|i)

Bni T10/449. Tim tdt cd cbc da thricfx) voi h$L^

s6 nguy6n sao cho vcri mgi s6 nguy6n duong

n,/(n)ldu6c ctn3n -L.NGUYENTUANNGQC

(GV THPT chuyAn Tiin Giang)

Bii T11/449. Cho dey s6 (x,) thoa mdn di€u

ki6n: [xs = 4,x1=34

lx,*z'x, = x1*r + l8' lo'*l' Vn e N

26

DAt Sn=Z*r*ktn€N..Chimg minh ringk=0

vcri mgi sO t.u nhi6n 16 n,ta1u6n c6 5r 66 .

NGUYENVANTHANH(GI/ THPT Chdu Thdnh A, Bdn Tre)

TORN HOCI6 *GIksiU@

KHÔNG THAY THẾ CHO TC TH&TT TRUYỀN THỐNG !

di6m E,F dn luqt di chuytin tr6n c6c doqn CA,

AB sao cho B,E : CE. BE cht CF tqi D. Goi H,K thri t.u li tr.uc tdm tam gi6c DEF, DBC.

Chrmg minh ring duong thing HK lu6n di qua

mQt diem c6 eirf, khi E, F di chuyen.

TRAN QUANGHUNG(GV THPT chuyAn, DHKHTN - DHQG Hd NAi)

]i.r : : I 'ri j.',i ly{Qf vi6n d4n ktrOi lucr-ng M dugc

b6n 16n v6i vfln t6c f, hqp v6i phuong ngang

g6c u. Ddn di6m cao nh6t thi n6 n6, vd thdnh

hai m6nh. Manh nh6 c6 ttrOl luqng mvoivQn

-'l 'i,1 ,. l:

lror-t;iti,ltr;l 'l'11448 1ti*1" l.*'l' gi*d*). Find the

minimum value of the products of 5 differentintegers among which the sum of any 3

arbitrary numbers is always greater than the

sum of the remains.

i':'t,l-il,i,ri;. 'r"i,',,i.i$

iXlor ?il' gn;ad*'i. Let ABCbea triangle with AB > AC and, AB > BC. On the

side AB choose D and E such that BC: BDand AC : AE. Choose K on CA and I on CBsuch that DK is parallel to BC and E1 isparallel to CA. Prove that CK: CI.

Fr*hl*r* :[''314.i,9" Solve the following.112

equatlon ---:*--F-G+3 .,6r+1 - t+Ji'

[i ;'r; i'r i r: ;-i;'i'..{i;i,{ 1}. Given an acute ttiangle AB Cwith the orthocenter H.Let Mbe apoint inside

the triangle such that ffi)=frA.Let E and

F respectively be the orthogonal projections ofM on AB and AC. Let I and -I respectively be

the midpoints of BC and W. Prave that 3lrnes MH, EF and IJ are concurrent.

tdc c6 mddun v,bQtra sau theo phuorg ngang

so vcri m6nh l6n. Hoi tAm xa cua m6nh l6nting th6m bao nhi6u so v6i trucyng hqp d4n

khdng n6?

W rueNu KHIET(Hd NAi)

i-]ir,,:i t..r;,r'{.$rl. O6 do chu ki T cta mQt chAt

ph6ng xa ngudi ta dirng m6y d6m xung. Bi6t:,

rdng trong h: 45 gio dAu tiOn m6y d6m dgc

n 1 xung ; trong t2 : 2t1gio ti6p theo m6y

.qclOm duoc nz: i-nt xung. X5c ilinh chu ki

64

bhnrdT.DINH THI THAI QUYNH

@d Nai)

llrcrhl*:i: 'I"51.{4,$" Find all pairs of integers

(x;y) satisfuing xa +y3 =xy3 +1.

.FilH r*I'{.;rA S{:*{{}q}L

F*"*hltl r-n "$'6l.i,i$" Solve the following

equation 8'-9lxl =2*3'Fr*hlem T71449. Given a triangle ABC wrththe sides AB : c, BC : a, CA: b. Assume that

the radius of the circumscribed circle is R and

the radius of the inscribed circle is r. Show

.. r.3(ab+bc+ca)-'-*" fi - 2(a+b+c)2

Fnr+hlesit .{&144{}.Let

x, y, zbe 3 positive real

numbers with x > z. Find the minimum value

ofthe expression

D_ xz , y2 x+22-:2.T-T-.y'+yz xz+yz x+z

(Xem ti€p trang26)

Tffiffizu H

1i::thl i,;

,wffiffiffiffiffi#ffiffiffiffi

S<i aas lt-zotl) **:*ffii*#i e$ ?

KHÔNG THAY THẾ CHO TC TH&TT TRUYỀN THỐNG !

Biti T21445 (Lop 7). Cho tam gidc ABC co

6tri ,90n vit dO ddi ba cqnh ld ba sii chdnhAn ti€p. Tinh dp diti ba canh cila tam giac do.

Ldi gidiYe BH L AC tqi

H. vi 6Zd > eo'n€n BC h c?nhlon nhdt ci,a iam

B

gi6c ABC vd A ndm girffa H vit C.

Tam gi6c HAB vlulngtqi H+ AB2 : B# + AF? (dinh ti Pythagore)

Tarn grdc HBC vu6ngt4i H> BC : Br? + cfr (dinh li Pyrhagore).

ra c6 BC : ar? + cr? : ar? + (AH + Aq2

BitiTll441 (Lop 6).Ch{mg minh rdng;

r 1 1... r 1 1222...222 - 333...333\------vJL-v- \------vJ201,1 chirso I 2014 chIsd2 2014 oh[isd3

ld m6t so chinh phmtng.

Ldi gidl Df;t a : 1 1 -Jl ld s6 vitit trong hQ thap

ph6n c6 20L4 chir sO t. tic d6 s6 ttugc vi6t Uoi

2014 chir sO tr ta bb*bb : b. 1 lJ 1 : b.a vir

102014- l: gg-gg :9a.Tac6

c : trr...ttt222...222 * 333...333

: 111-111 .lo2or4 + zzz-zzz: a.I02o1a + 2a - 3a : a.l02o1a

: a (lO2ola - 1): a.9a: (3o)r:1Zt-511, .

VQy sd C ld s6 chinh phucrng. trY NhQn xdt. }/r(lt sii bpn bitin d6i ddi. C5c bpn c6 ldigi6i dirng, gqn ld: Phri Thg: Phqm Thu Thily, 6A,THCS Thi Tr6n II, YCn LAp; Vinh Phrfic: Nguydn

Nhdt Loan, Ddo Ngpc Hdi Ddng,Trin Minh Huy,Trdn Dan Trudng, Tq Thi Thu Hodi, Bili Thu Hiin,Nguydn L€ Hoa, 6A, THCS Ly TU Trgng, BinhXuy6n; Ta Kim Thanh Hi€n, 6A1 Nguydn DiQu

Linh,LA D*c Thdi, Nguydn Thi Haong, Bili Tutin

Anh, Nguydn iinh Linh, 6A2 ; B&c Ninh: Tq Vi€t

Hodn,6C, THCS Nguy6n Cao, Qui5 VO; Hii Phdng:Mai Quang Vinh, 6At, THCS H6ng Bdng; Hi Nam:Nhtr Thi Thuong, 68, THCS Dinh C6ng Trdng,Thanh Li6m; NghQ An Trdn Ngec Khdnh, 68,THCS HO Xudn Huong, Quj'nh Luu; Nguydn DinhTuiin, Thdi Bd Bdo,6C, THCS Li Nhat Quang, D6Luong; Tdng Trung Ngh\a,6A, THCS Hda Hi6u II,TX. Th6i Hda; Quing Ngii: Zd Tudn KiQt,58, THsO l, Hdnh Phu6c, Nguydn Dilrc Hdn,5B, TH HdnhTrung, Nghia Hdnh.

VIET HAI

aaa aaa- JJJ...JJJ

-a

> BI? + Afr + AC hay BC > AB2 + AC ()Gqi d0 ddi ba canh cira tarn gi6c ld n - 2, n,

n + 2 (n chin, n > 2). Vi BC ld canh lon nh6tn€n BC: n-t 2.

.)')'))Tir (*) ta co (n + 2)'> (n -2)' * n' + 8n> n'

= n < 8. Md (n - 2) * n ) n + 2 (BDT tamgi6c) n6n n > 4.Tt 4 < n I 8, n ch1n = n : 6.

Vfly d0 ddi ba canh cira tam gi6cld 4; 6;8. AY NhQn xit1) Bdi to6n tuy dcrn gi6n nhmg kh6 hay. Tet ca cilcbdi eti d6u cho d6p s6 ihing. Nhi6u bpn sri dpng k6tquh BC > AB2 + AC nhrmg kh6ng chimg minh.

2) Neu ta thay giA thi6t "ba c4nh ld ba s6 chin li6nti6p" bing gi6thi6t "ba cpnh ld ba s6 t.u nhi6n li6ntir5p" hodc "ba c4nh ld ba s6 16 li6n ti6p" ta cfrngdugc nhirng k6t qui thri vil3) Cdc b4n sau c6 loi gi6i ti5t: Vintr Phic: HodngMinh Duc,7A3, THCS LAm Thao; Tg Kim Thanh

Hiin,6A1, THCS Y6n L4c; Thanh Ho6: Phimg HitNguyAn, TD, THCS TrAn Mai Ninh, TP. Thanh Ho6;NghQ An: Nguydn Thu Giang, Trd,n LA HiQp,Nguydn Thi Nhu Qu)nh A, Nguydn Nhu Qu)nh B,7A; Hodng Trdn D*c,7D; Nguydn Thdi HiQp,7B,THCS L), Nhft Quang, E6 Luong; Nguydn TrpngBing, 7A2, THCS T.T. QuSn Hdnh, Nghi L6c;

Quing Ngdi: Truong Quiic Binh,7C, THCS HujmhThric Kh5ng, D6 Thi Mi Lan, Truong Thi Mai Trdm,Nguydn LA Hodng Duy€n, Vd Quang'Phil Thdi,7A,THCS Pham Vdn Q6ng, Nghia Hdnh; Binh D!nh:Nguydn Bdo Trdn,7A, THCS Tdy Vinh, Tdy Son.

NGUYEN XUAN BiNH

TOAN HOC18'clildiff@

KHÔNG THAY THẾ CHO TC TH&TT TRUYỀN THỐNG !

Bni T3/445. Cho hai sd thUrc du.ong a, b thoamdn a + b vd ab ld cdc sii nguyAn drctng vd

lo'+on)+lb'+otl ta so c.hinh phroag, od6 ki hiQu lx) ld s6 nguyAn ktn nhiit kh6ngvwrt qud x. Chang minh ring a, b ld cdc s6nguy€n duong.

Ldi gidi.. Dox* 1 < Drl (x n6n

7l + abl + lb2 + abl < I * ab + * + ab : (a + b)2

vd ll + abl + yb2 + abl > (a + b)' * 2.Ta c6:(a + b)2 - 2.ld + ab)+ lbz + ab)3 (a + b)2.

. N6u a + b : lthi 0 < a < | vdO < b <1, suyra ab < 1 trfiivoi gi|thiet.. N6u a -t b > 2 th\ gifia hai sO 1, + b)z vit(a + b)2 - 2 kh6ng t6n tai mQt s6 chinhphucrng ndo. Do d6

7d + ab1 + lbz + abl : (a + b)' : d + b2 + 2ab.

MIt kh6c, do ab ngryln duong n6n

;d + abl + lb2 + abl: ldl + yb21+ 2ab.

Suy ra yd1+ ;n'z1: d + b2.

Ta c6 ldl < d; lb'l < b2 > yd1+ yt21< d + b2,

dlng thirc xity rakhi vd chi khi lil : i; t#l : #> d vdb2 ldcilc s6 nguy6n duong. (*). Mdt kh6c, a + b ngty€n duong vd

, a'-b2 , -a - b:

-

hiru ti, suy ra a, bh*vfi. (**)a+b

Tti (*) ve (**) suy ra a, b ngty€nducrng. IY NhQn xitl).Ta c6 tni5 a6 Oang chimg minh cbc tinh ch6t sau:NCua+ bvda- 6hiruti thia,b hiruti;Ni5uahirutiduong vd d ngtydnduong thi a cingnguyCn duong.

2) Cdc ban c6 lcri gi6i dring ld: Binh Dinh: NguydnBdo Trdn, 7A, THCS TAy Ninh, Tdy Son; VinhPhric: Nguydn Minh Hi€u, Nguydn Hibu Tilng,Nguydn Kim D*c, 8A5, Nguydn Hing Anh, 8Al,THCS Y€n Lac; Ngh6 An: Nguydn Hing QuiicKhdnh,9C, THCS Ddng Thai Mai, TP. Yinh, NguydnTrong Bdng,7A2, THCS Thi Tr6n Qu6n Hdnh, NghiLQc, Tdng Vdn Minh Himg, Nguydn Vdn Manh,7A,Hodng Trdn Dthc,7D, THCS L), Nhat Quang, D6Luong; Qu6ng Ngni: Nguydn Dai Dwrng,SB, THCSNguy6n Kim Vang, Nghia Hdnh; Hi NQi: DdngThanh Tilng, 88, Nguydn Thdnh Long,gB, THCSNguy6n Thugng HiAn, tlng Hda, LA Duy Anh,9A,THCS Nguy6n Huy Tu&ng, D6ng Anh.

NGTIYEN ANH QUAN

BdiT41445. Cho tam gidc nhon ABC voi cacdudng cao AD, BE, CF. Tr€n tia d6i cila carc

tia DA, EB, FC lin laqt liiy cac di€m M, N, P

sao cho BMC = CNA = APB :90o.Chung minh riing cdc &rdng thdng ch*'a cdccqnh cila luc giac APBMCN citng ti€p xuc vdim6t &rdng trdn.

Ldi gi,rti

V\ BE, CF ld c6c ducrng cao trong tam gi6cABC n0nta co AE.AC: AF.AB (1)

Ap dung h6 thric hong c6c tam giilcvu}ngANCvitAPB ta c6 AE.AC : dlf; AF.AB : Af Q)Tt (1) vit (2) suy ra AN : AP. Tuong tu tanhfln dugc BP: BMvit CM: CN.

Gqi O ld giao dii.lm cta c6c ducrng trung trucclaa MN, NP, PM. Do c6c tam gi6c PAN,PBM, MCN c6n n6n AO, BO, CO tuongimgld cdc duong phdn gi6c cin cdc go" Fffi ,

PBM , MCN. Mil kh6c, theo tinh ch6t d6iximg ta c6

OPA=ONA; ONC:OMC; OPB=OMB (3)

Laic6, m=6N) - 5FE=6fie .

r6t hqp v6i (3), suy ra 6fu:6ila .

Tucrng tu ta c6 OPB:OPA; ONA=ONC .

YQy cdc ducrng phdn gi6c cua cdc go" Eile ,---:.---_ ^MCN , CNA, NAP, APB , PBM tl6ng quyt4i O. Do d6 cdc cqnh cira luc gi6c APBMCN. ,.,(cung tiep xric v6i m6t tluong trdn. tr

ta *, or-rorn, T?SHrHES

I g

KHÔNG THAY THẾ CHO TC TH&TT TRUYỀN THỐNG !

Y Nh$n xet C6c bqn duoi tl6y c6 lcri gi6i t6t UA NQi:LA Duy Anh,9A, THCS Nguy6n Huy Tudng, D6ngAnh; Phf Thg: Trin fu6c LQp, Trdn Mqnh Cttdng,8A3, Ddo Thanh Phuc,9A3, THCS Ldm Thao.

NGIryEN THANH HONG

Bii T5/445. Tim sd nguyhn m rtd phwong trinh

*3 + 1* + # - (2m- l)r- (2mz + m + 4) : o

c(t nghiQm nguy2n.

Ldi girtL Cdch t. ni6n d6i PT (1) nhu sau

x3 +(m+l)x2 -(2*-l)r- (m+l)(2m-1) = 5

o *2 1* + m +l) - (2*- 1)(, + m +l) = J

<> (r+ m+l)(xz -2m+l\ = 5 (2)

Do m vd x ld chc sd nguyOn n6n x + m * I vit* -Z*+ 1 lA c5c sd nguyCn vd ld u6c ctra 5.

Ta c6 5 : 1.5 : (-1).(-5). NhQn thSy x * m * Ivd * - 2m + lU sO le n6nx vd lz ld sti chin.

Suy ra *' -2*+ 1 chia 4 du 1. Do t16,.

x' - 2m + I blng t holc 5. XAy ra hai khi ndng

lx+m*l:l lm=-xl)i " o{ "

lx" -2m +l =5 lx" +2x-4=0 (*)

PT (*) c6 nghiQm x : -1tr6 t<trOng nguyCn

n6n loai.

lx+m*1:5 lm=-x+42)1. <+l "lx'-2m *l = I lx'+2x-8:61**;

PT (**) c6 nghiQm x:2 vd x: 4 d6u ld s6

nguy6n. Suy ra m:2vdm:8.Cdch 2. gien d6i PT (1) thenh

2m2 -(x2 -2x-I)m-(x3 +x2 +x-4)=0 (3)

Coi (3) ld PT bfc hai An mvbi

L=(x2 -2x-1)2 +8(x3 +*2 +x-4)=(x2 +2x+3)2 -40.

oe pr (1) c6 nghiQm nguy6n thi PT (3) pheic6 nghiQm nguy6n, suy ra A phii ld sd chinh

phucnrg. D$d +2r+212 -+o: 121r e x;€ d + b + 3+ D@2 + h + 3 - k1 : 49.

Dox e Z,k eN,)1

(x' + 2x+ 3 + D - @' + 2x + 3 - k) : 2k,

i+x+3+k>on6n

_ _ TO6N HOC2A -clfudi@

d*x+3+k)rd*2x+3_ k),

* + x + 3 + k ve i + 2x + 3- kctng ld s6 t.u

nhi6n chin. Ta c6 40 :20.2: l0.4.Xity rahai

lk =3e { -, kh6ng th6a mdnx nguy6n.[x=-1rJ5'

VQy k'hi m : 2 hoic m: 8 thi PT (1) c6

nghiQm nguy6n. EY NhQn xet. C6 nhidu ban tham gia gi6i bdi ndy vildm theo hai c6ch tr6n. MQt s5 ban ldm c6ch I dokh6ng dua ra nh{n x6t vA cdc nhen tu 6 v6 trili cria PT(2) n6n ph6i xdt di5n b6n khi ning; mQt s6 ban ldmc6ch2 cho keZnQnphdi xdt nhi6u ktri ndng hon dhn

dtSn bdi gini ddi ddng. Tuy6n duorg c6c bpn sau d6yc6 loi gi6i tOt phrri Thg: Nguydn Thin Chi, TrdnMqnh Cudng, Trdn QuiSc LQp, 8A3, THCS LamThao; Ngh$ An: Nguydn Xudn Todn,7A, THCS LlliNhft Quang, D6 Luong; Quing Binh: Phan TrdnHubng, 9A, THCS Qu6ch Xu6n Kj,, B6 Trech;

Quing Ngfli: Nguydn Dqi Duong, 98, THCSNguy6n Kim Vang, Nghia Hdnh; Kon Tum: LA Vi€tLmt Thanh,gA, THPT chuy6n Nguy6n f6t fnann.

PHAM THI BACH NGQC

Biii T61445. Chung minh riing vdi moi s6thqrc a, b, c l6n hon I ta lu6n c6:

(logu a+ log. a - 1) x (log" b+ logo b - l) xx (logo c +logbc - 1) < 1.

Inigi,fr. (Thm s6 dingcd,c bw Sfibdivi tdasoqn)

Do 1og, b.log6 c.log" a = I vir a, b, c l6n hon 1

n€n tdn tAi cdc si5 tfurc ducrng x, y, z th6a mdn :

1(V_Zlogob : -:; loguc = !-; log" a = 7-.

yzxe6t ding thric cAn chimg minh tunng duong

/ \/ \/ \voi: I Z +1-rl[ 1*!-r ][ I*Z-r l< r(.r x )ly y )\, z )

khi n[ng sau:

lx2+2x+3+k:20 lk:9l)l ^ <>{ "

lx' +2x+3-k=2 lx" +2x-8=0(k=9

e i Tim dugc ffi:2, m:8.lx=2;x=-4l12+2*+3+k=10 lk:3

2)1 ^ <>{ "

lx' +2x+3-k=4 lx- +2x-4=0

KHÔNG THAY THẾ CHO TC TH&TT TRUYỀN THỐNG !

e (r,+ z - x)(z + x- y)(x+ y - z) 3 xtz (1).

N6u c6 hai fong ba thria si5 tong v6 tr6i cria(1) 6m, ching han y + z - x 10, z + x- y <0

) 2z = (y * r-r) + (z + x - y)< 0 . Di0u ndy

kh6ng xtry ravi z > 0.N6u c6 mQt trong ba thria s6 y + z - x, z'r x - /,x * ! - z dm vd hai thria sO con 14i duong(ho[c bing 0), thi bdt dingthfc (1) <hing.

Ntiu ci ba thria s6 y + z * x, z * x - !, x * ! - zduong (ho[c bing 0), 5p dune b6t tling thric

-

Cauchy, ta c6: {(.r, + z - x)(z + x - y) < z;

(x + y - z)(y + z - x) < y,l(z + x - y)(x + y - r) < *.

Nhdn theo vlaaahtding thric tr6n, ta duqc (1).

n6t ding thric trong dAu bdi dugc chimg minh.Ding thric xhy rakhi vd chi khi x: y - z

Q a=b=c.JF Nh$n x6t. E6y ld bii tor{n kh6 co ban n6n c6 nhi6uban gur bdi gi6i vC tda so4n. M6t s6 ban <lat

log, b = x;logu c = y;log" a = z * x,!,2 ) 0;xyz = |

viQc hinh bdy lcri gi6i phirc t4p hon.

Trong c6ch dflt log" 6 = L;bgu s = Z;log" o = 1, tuyzxc6 th6 chqnx h s5 thuc duong b6t ki;

y = xlogu a;z = ylogcb + log. a =lo;, b.logu a = z

xC5c bpn sau ddy c6 bdi gi6i t6t: nic Ninh: L€ HuyCu.ong,1l To6n, TIIPT chuy6n B6c Ninh NghQ An:H6 Xudn Hilng, l0Tl, TIIPT D6 Lufirg I, Dh Son,DO Luong; Hi NQi: Vfi Bd Sang,10 Torin l, TrdnMgnh Hirng,l1 Toan A, TIIPT chuy6n NguySn HuQ,Kim Vdn Hilng, l2Al, THPT M! Dric B, TrdnPhwong Nam, 12A3, THPT Ngqc T6o, Phric Thg;Tidn Giang: Ne"ye" Minh Th6ng,11 Toan, THPTchuyCn Ti6n Giang, M! Tho; Long An: Chdu HdaNhdn,l2T),; THPT chuy6n Long An; Viing T}u: LAHodng Tudn, l2M, THPT Dinh Ti6n Hoang, TPvflng Tdu'

NGUTENANHDLTNG

BhiT7l445. Cho tam gidc nhpn ABC (AB < Aq./nQi ridp dadng trdn {O}. Cdc dudng cao AD,BE, CF

"dt ,ho, tqi H. Gpi K td trung didm

cila BC. Cdc ti€p tuydn v6i du'dng trdn (A) UiB vd C ciit nhau tqi J. Chilrng minh ring HK,JD, EF d6ng quy.

Gii str EF r: BC: G; HK a EF: I;GA a(O) : R (R + A); OA n EF : M. Ta c6

GB.GC=GR.GA=GF.GE, suy ra R n5m tr6n

dudng trdn dulng kinhAH,hay HR LAG.Ap dpng dinh li Brocard cho tu gi6c nQi titipBFEC voi BF a CE: A; EF ^ BC: G vitchri f ring K ld tdm ducrng trdn ngopi tiiip tugi6c BFEC ta dugc HK L AG. Ti d6 ba ttitimH, K, R thdng hdng. X6t clrc vd dOi cUc dOi

v6i tlulng trdn (O). OC ttr6y GDBq - -1,n6n dudng d6i clrc ctla D di qua G (1)

M[t kh6c, tath6'y duong d6i cyc oia D di qua

-r (do tlucrng d6i cgc cta J ld BC tli qua tli6mD) (theo dlnh li La Hire) (2)

Tri (1) vd (2) suy ra G/ ld tludng ddi cgc cira

D ddiv6i tlucrng trdn (O). Theo tinh ch6t cira

cpc - d6i cgc ta thdy OD I GJ. Ket hqp v6iGK L OJ suy ra D ld tryc t6m tam gi6c GOJ,

dod6JDLGO (3)

Tiiip theo ta sE chimg minh DI L GO. ThAtvfly, gei N: DI a GO, OE ttrAy OA L EF t4iMn€ntb giitc AUMnQitirip. Tir d6

GI .G 14 = G R.GA= G B.GC = GD.G K(do (GDBQ - -1, K ld trung tti6m BC n6n

theo h€ thac Maclaurin GB.GC =CO.CX 1.

TOAN HOC -$ 44e (11-2014) & sTudiUA 21

KHÔNG THAY THẾ CHO TC TH&TT TRUYỀN THỐNG !

tra\ :!lr(;)= [email protected]) -, khi ru + tm

Tt d6 suy ra g(x) : 0 Vx e IR, tric U 71*1 = 1.3

C6c bi6n d6i trCn ld tucrng duong, do d6 takh6ng phdi thu lai. Vfly c6 duy nh6t mqt ham

si5 thoa m6n bdi toSn ldr f (x) =I Vx e lR. tr3

F Nhfln x6t. Ddy ld bdi to6n tim hdm s6 gini bingphuong ph6p dAy s6, 1o4i bdi toSn dd xu6t hiQn nhi6utrong c6c ki thi hoc sinh gi6i to6n qu6c gia, thi hgcsinh gi6i to6n cira c6c nu6c kh6c, thi IMO. C6c b4nhgc sinh sau c6 ldi gi6i tOt: tti, NQi : Izfi Bd Sang,l0Tl; Nguydn Vi€t Anh, Trd:n Mqnh Hilng,llTl,THPT chuy6n Nguy6n HuQ; Hodng LA Nhdt Timg,llT-42, THPT chuy6n KHTN DHQG Hd NQi;Nam Dinh: 1ng Titng Daong,11T1, THPT chuy€nL6 H6ng Phong; Hir finh ; Vd Duy Khdnh, NguydnVdn Th€, llTl, Trdn Hdu Manh Cudng, 12T1,THPT chuv.n Hd rTnh'

NGU'EN MrNH DIrcBitiT9l445. Cho da thac:

/(x): *t - 3x' + 9x + 1964.

Chrimg minh riing tdn tqi s6 nguyAn a sao cho

fla) chia het cho 32ota.

Ldrt gidi. (Theo bqn Trin HQu Mqnh Cudng,l2Tl, THPT chuy€n Hd Tinh)

Tac6lx):(x- l)'+6(x- I)+ l97l2

>fl9* + 1): (9x)" + 6.9x + l97l

- )1,1-,'- ,yu ,-t- + 2x + 73).

Xdt rla thfc g(x) : 27x3 -t 2x * 73 vd tqp

.q= {s}}!r. Ta chimg minh A ld mQt hQ dAy

clir mod 3".ThdtvQy, gih str tr5i lpi,4 kh6ng ld

hQ day dtr mod 3".t<hid6 t6n tai 1 ( i <j < 3"

sao cho S(,) = g(/) (mod 3')

> 27 i3 + 2i + 73 =27j3 + 2j + 73 lmod 3';Tri gin thi}ttac6la € R*, 3M e IR.* sao cho > (t_ illZl1i, + j2 +iil+21i 3".

lru>l <MYx e IR, l*l .o.BoivpyVx e IR, v\ Z7Q2+ j2+ij)+2/: n6n j-ii3" (v6li).

zz'?!l#E!.*

Suy ra ta gi6c IMKD nQi ti6p >BDN=IMK, __!L'xetncmd tu gi6c GMOK nQi ti6p n)n, IMK:NOK.Vi vQy BDN=NOK, suy ra tfi gi6c DNOK

nQi ti6p. Do d6 DNO = 90o, hay DI L GO (4)

Tri (3) vd (a) suy ra ba di6m D, I, J thinghdng, hay ba du<rng thing HK, JD, EF d,6ngquy tpi 1(dpcm). trF Nh{n xlt.Tdtci c6c loi gi6i gui v6 Toa soan d6udring theo c6c hu6ng: Sir dpng tinh ch6t cua Tri giSc

diAu hod, Hing ditlm - chirm di6u hod, CUc - d6icuc, Phuong tich cua mQt tlii,lm O5i vOl mQt dudngtrdn... Cdc b4n sau c6 ldi gi6i t6t: tti NQi: Hodng LA

NhQt Tilng, l2A2 Tohr, THPT chuy6n KHTN,DHQG HA NQi, LA Duy Anh,gA, THCS Nguy6n HuyTu&ng, D6ng Anh, Nguydn ViQt Anh, Trdn MqnhHilng, llTo5nl, THPT chuy6n Nguy6n HuQ; YGnB6i: Vil Hing Qudn,11To5n, THPT chuy6n Nguy6nf6t fnann; Hir Nam: Hodng Duc Manh, 11To6n,

THPT chuy6n Bi6n Hod; NghQ An: H6 Xudn Hi.mg,

11T1, THPT E6 Luong l, Trdn Quang Huy, l0Al,THPT chuy6n DH Vinh, Phan Vdn Khdi, l0Al,TIIPT Cira Ld, TX Cria Ld; Hi finh: Nguydn VdnThe, LA Vdn Trwdng Nhdt, Nguydn Nhu Hodng,11To5n1, THPT chuydn Hd Tinfu Binh D!nh:Nguydn Trpng Khi€m, 10A1, THPT Quang Trung,Tdy Son.

H6 QUANG VINH

Bdi T8/445. Tim hdm sa7: m. -+ R. bi chdn

ftAn m6t khoang chaa di€m 0 vd th6a mdn

2fl2x) : x + J(x), vdi moix e lR.

Ldi gidi. Gi6 sufix) ld hdm s5 thoi m6n bdi)t

to6n. Chri i x = 2.4-{. oo AOaJJ

2fl2x): x+f(x) oz(trz.t +): f@-;.

D[t g(x) : .f (x)*!. msuy ra

N* md -El-. ,. ta nhdn duoc2n

I (x\ r /x)_ _l-(r)_8(x) = ;rl, )= 7 rli ):... = 7t[7 )-

KHÔNG THAY THẾ CHO TC TH&TT TRUYỀN THỐNG !

Va1y A ld hQ dAy du (mod 3';. Do d6 tOn tpi

I lkn( 3'sao cho g(k,) i 3".

Dlt a,: 9k, + 1 ta c6 -f (,a,):27 g(k,) :. 3n*3.

Yoi n:2}ll ta co f (arorr) '. 3'o'0. 1) Nhfln x6t. C6 kh6ng nhi6u b4n tham gia gi6i bdito6n ndy vfi cdc cilch giiri khSc nhau. C6c b4n sau

rtdy c6 ldi gi6i t5t: tth NQiz Trdn Mqnh Hi.mg, 11

To6n A, THPT chuy6n Nguy6n HuQ; Di Nfrng:Nguydn Hiru Hodng Hd| IIAI, THPT chuy6n L6

Quy E6n; Quing Tri Trdn Trpng Ti€n, t2Toin,THPT chuy6n Ld Qu;i D6n; Binh Dinh: Mai Ti6n

Ludt, l2Todn THPT chuy6n L6 Qu:f D6n; NamDinh: )ng Timg Daong, 11To6n, THPT chuyCn LdH6ng Phong.

DANG HDNG THANG

Bni T10/445. Tin tqi hay kh6ng hdm sii li€n tuc

./: R -+ lR. sao cho v6'i moi x eN., trong cdc s6

flx),flx + 1),./(x + 2) luon c6 hai td hfr, fi romot so v6 ti.

Ldi gidi. Nhfln x6t: Kh6ng th€ tin tqi hdm

h2n fuc /:1R -+ lR sao cho vcti mpi x, trong

hai sd f @),f(*+l), c6 m\t sii v6 tjt vd mQt:,-

so nwu ry.

Chrmg minh nhQn xdt: Gii st tdn tpi hdm

f thbamdn nhpn xdt. X6t c6c hdm s6

h(x) = f (r) + "f (, +1), s(r) : "f (r) - f (x +L) .

NCu ft(x) vd g(x) d6u ld hdm hing thi

f (x) =@#@ cflng ld him hing. Trudng

hqp ndy bi loai vi kh6ng th6a mdn di6u kiQn

cira nhdn xdt.

N6u ft(x) vd g(x) kh6ng d6ng thdi ld hdm

hing thi kh6ng mAt tinh t6ng qu6t gib sir h(x)

kh6ng ld hdm hing. Suy ra tdin t?i \,.x2 sao

cho: h(xr) < h(xr) = t6n tqi s6 hiru tyq e lh(a);h(xr)l vd vi h(x) ld hdm li0n tuc

n6n theo dinh l)i gi6 tri trung gian, t6n tpi

n eln;x): h(n) : q . Do d6 f(Q+ f(a+t) :q .

Nhmg vi q hiru ty n6n .f (r), f @o+1) d6ng

thdi ld s5 t tu fj. hoac d6ng thcri Id s6 v6 fj,.

Di6u ndy trdi v1i gi6 thi6t. NhQn xdt dugcchimg minh.

Quay lpi bdi to6n dd cho, vi trong c6c s5

f(r),.f(*+l),f(x+2) lu6n c6 hai s6 triro t'1'a ^.,vd mdt so v6 ty n6n c6 3 trucrng hqp xdy ra:

.f(x) la sO hiru ty,.f(*+l),f(x+2) ldhaia ^.,so vo ry.

. .f(x+l) ld sO tiro ty, f(x) vd f(x+2) lita ^.,nal so vo ty.

o f(x+2) ld s6 hiru ty, f(x) vd f(x+l) lita ^.,nar so vo ty.

Tt nhQn xdt tr6n ta thl,y trong c6 3 truonghqp deu kh6ng t6n tpi himf. AF Nhfln x6t

1) Bing chimg minh phin chring vd sri dpng dinh 1),

gi6 tri trung gian c6 th6 chimg minh nhQn xdt sau (tud6 gi6i tlugc bdi to6n dd cho).

N€u f :lR -+ IR ld hdm hAn fuc vd chi nhQn cdc gid

tri v6 fi ffan R thi f (x) = c , voi C td hiing s6 v6 t!,

ndo d6.

2) CLc b4n tham gia ddu giai dring biri niy, t6n cria

cdc bun ld: Y6n Biiz Vfi Hing Qudn, 10 To6n,THPT chuy6n Nguy6n T6t Thdnh. Binh E!nh: MalTi€n Luqt,12T, THPT chuy6n L6 Quy D6n, TP. QuyNhon. Long An: Chdu Hda Nhdn, 12T2, THPTchuydn Long An.

TRAN H TU NAM

Biti Tttl445. Cho ddy sii {r,l? daoc xdc

dinh bcti c6ng th*c: q : l, az : 2014,2013a,. (. 2013)

fttl | | I n-llz \ n-l)(t I l)

n : 2.3, ... T'im lim I -+-+...+- l.r+-( a, a2 a, )Ldi gidi. (Theo da s6 cdc bqn)

cdch t.Ta c6 an+t =2ot3an *(r*4!)r,-,r \ n-l)/\

.nr"l an , ar-t 1 ,

\ /r n-r.//\/\

= 2or3[ %*tu+]+zor:[ tu4*!4]i*o,_,I r n-l) \n-2 n-3)/\

=2013[ an

*on-t +an-2 +on-3 l*o- ,I r n-l n-2 n-3)

te nn, or-rorn, T?EI#S

28

KHÔNG THAY THẾ CHO TC TH&TT TRUYỀN THỐNG !

=...=zo,(:tl*,,\"'=t i )

ann

(201 3 + 1)(20 t3 + 2)...(2013 + n - r)

) Nh$n x6t. Cbc b4n sau tl6y_c6 loi gi6i dung: HiTinht Vd Duy Khanh, Nguy4n Vdn Th€, LA VdnTudng NhQt, Nguydn Dinh Nhdt Nam, llTl; TrdnHdu Manh Cudng, 12T1, THPT chuy6n Hd Tinh;Tidn Giang: Nguydn Minh Th6ng, 11T, THPTchuy6n Ti6n Giang; Ilung YGn: Nguydn Thi Huong,12A1, THPT chuy6n Hrmg Y€n; YGn Bdi: Yfi Hdng

Qudn, l0T, THPT chuy6n NTT; Hn NQi: NguydnVi€t Anh, llTl; Trdn Mqnh Hilng, llTA, THPTchuy6n Nguy5n HuQ; Quing Ngiii: Zd Thi BichNga, Bqch Thi ThiAn Ngdn,llT2, THPT L6 Khi6UNghQ An: Phan Nhu Trlnh,llAl, THPT DiSn ChAu

3; Binh Einh: Mai Tiiin Ludt,12T, THPT chuy6nLC Quf D6n; Vinh Longz Trin Cao NhiQm,llTl,THPT chuy6n Nguy6n Binh Khi6m.

NGUYEN VAN MAUBii 'f1?/445" Cho tu gitir Atit} nyrLai ilApdtr*ng trdn ([]. Cac csnh AB, BC tiilt .uii' :'(titll li.n {uot tai M, N. Gpi {i la ;4iao r{iim .'ilrtA{i') v'i.A{N: F' id giuo didm cia 8C t'd DE.f-)tul cfi Ul t(ti di6yn 7- khdc fr,I. CiiLl'ng tninhrdng FT ti ti1p tu.t,in ctiu |.fi.Ldi girti (Theo bqn Philng Ddc Vil Anh, 1271,THPT chuyAn Amsterdam, Hd Nfli).

Suy ra

an+2 =,oB(i+).", _2013an*, , ^t un+l'n+l

Vpy n6n an*t=20139 * % = r,ff *1,, =rr,.

Do d6 an+1 - n+20I3

,n =1,2,... vd

an= ,n=2r3r,,." (n-t)l

Suyra l*a+...+aal a2 an

=1*l*i2014 f'- (2013 +l)(2013 + 2)...(2013 + k -l)

:u 1 (r--ZL)2012( 2or4)

.--Lir2012-\(=J \

(k-1)!

201 2 x 20 1 4 x 201 5 x (201 3 + n - l)

(k -t)t2012 74\Q0 I 3 + l)(20 1 3 + 2)...(20t3 + k - 2)

(2013 + t)(20t3 + 2)...(201 3 + fr - 1)

kt

_1- l+__

20t2

O6 y, rang

-0limnl

n-+a )Ql) x 2014 x 2015 x (201 3 + n - 1)

(t l r\ zorgnen lrml_+_+...+_ l:_.,--f a1 a2 o, ) Z0l2

Cdch2. OE ddng chimg minh an =C\o*?rrr, tud6 suy ra

1 _2oBt( 1

% - 20i2[(,r+r0t 1X/,+ r010] (,r+ l)n

1 t Gqi P, Q theo thu t.u h ti6p tlitim ctra CD, DA

l. ,U (4;.S le giao diiSm cira TNvd Pp (hinh vc)./ Cdc kdt qud sau ld quen thu6c:

* P, Q,E thing hing.

(n + 2012)(n + 2011)...(n + 1)

Tt d6 ta c6 tlpcm. fl

TONN FIGC24 ' *frrdiikA sii eag tu-zorer

KHÔNG THAY THẾ CHO TC TH&TT TRUYỀN THỐNG !

+ AC, BD, MP, NQ d6ng quy (tAi r).YAy, 6p dt g dinh l{ Pascal cho s6u tlitimMNO^ _: , chri f rdng QQ^ MT = D:QPT

'

QP aNT = S;MP ^NQ:K,

suy ra D, S, Kthing hdng.

X6t cgc vd d6i cgc d6i v6i (1). Ta c6 B ld cgccin MN, D ld cgc cin PQ. Do d6 E li clrc ciraBD (v\ E = MN

^PQ ). Sry ra E, S li0n hqp

(vi S e DK =BD). Di6u d6 c6 nghia ld S ldqrc cira DE (vl D, ,S 1i6n hqp). VQy S, F 1i6n

hqp (vi F e DE ). Do tl6 F ld cgc cira SM (vill, F li6n hqp). Suy ra F, T li6n hqp (vi7 e SN). N6i c5ch ldthc FTti€pxic v6i (4. D) Nh$n x6t1) Ngodi bryt Vfi Anh, c6 8 b4n tham gia gi6i. Tuynhi6n vi kh6ng bitit sir dpng clrc vd tl6i cUc n6n loigi6i cua 8 bpn d6u ddi.

2) Xin n6u t6n c6 8 ban: Kon Tum: Nguydn HodngLan,71A1, THPT Nguy6n T6t Thdnh, TP Kon Tum;NghQ An: tti Xuan Hitng,l0Tl, THPT D6 Luong I,D6 Lucrng; Thanh IJo{: Ddng Quang .,lnh, 7A,THCS Nguy6n Chich, D6ng Sor; Hi NQi: TrdzManh Hitng,l1 Toan A, TIIPT chuy6n Nguy6n HuQ,

TX He D6ng; Hi Tinh: LA Vdn Trudng Nhdt,Nguydn Nhu Hodng, Nguydn Vdn Th€, llTl, TrdnHAU Mqnh Cudng,12Tl, THPT chuyCn He Tinh, TPHd rinh'

NG.TYEN MINH HABliti Lll445. M\t thanh cilmg ding chdt, ti€tdi€n diu, chiiu ddi L ilwqc treo ndm ngangboi hai sqi ddy mdnh, kh6ng gidn cilng chiiuddi I nhu hinh vd. Kich thich cho thanh c*ngdao dQng nh6 trong mrtt phdng hai ddy.Xdc dinh chiiu ddi I theo L d€ chu ki dao ilQngct)a thanh td nh6 nhdt vd tfnh chu ki il6.Ldi gidi. Xdt khi thanh lQch khoi phuong

ngang m6t g6c nho q (duong cao OG l6chkhoi phucmg thing dimg g6c <p). Phucmg trinhquay quanh O: mgOGsinrp = -Ioq"

Nhu vpy thanh dao dQng di6u hda vdi chu lcj.:

2tt 2x 612 - L., 3

'[4P 4'Di5 chu lcj,dao dQng nh6 nhilttac6 th6 su d*ngclao hdm hoic b6t ding thfc Cauchy ta sE tim

rclugc: / = i vitchu kj, nh6 nhAt trrhi Ay bing:' l;

VJ

.r _2n L'mrn J|'s') Nh$n x6t. Cic bpn c6 ldi gi6i dfng: Nam Dinh:Phqm Nggc Nam, 10 Lir, THPT chuy6n LC H6ngPhong; NghQ An: Phqm Quiic Vwong,1241, THPTDiSn Ch6u 3; Binh Phufc: Ngqtdn Vdn Hilng,7lB,THPT chuyCn Quang Trung.

NGU}'EN XUAN QUANGBitiL2l445. Mqch ilien v6 hqn ld mqch di€ntao thdnh t* vd s6 mdt mqch gi(ing nhau, ndihAn fi6p theo mQt quy tuQt nhtit dlnh, sao chokhi th€m vdo (hay bdt di) mAt m& mach thidi€n trd cila cd doqn mqch vdn kh6ng thay d6i.

Cho mqch diQn vd hqn bi1u di6n tAn cdc so tl6(a) vd (b).

Mqch (a) tqo thdnh tir vd s6 cdc mdt nhw nkaugim c6 ba di€n tr?r,2r,3r; Mqch (b) tqo thdnhtii v6 sd cdc hinh w6ng, cdu qo tir cdc day ddnding chdt, nAt nAi fidp ffong hinh w6ng khdc,

"x.ma di€n trd cita m)i cqnh hinh vu6ng ld r. Xicdinh diQn trf cfia mdi doqn mqch.

ta*, or-rorn, T?EI#S

**F+=-*|f,.,'Vcri g6c q nh6, bi6n d6i ta duoc:

,, Itl+t2 - t]r0"*---- _ <p=Q6[' - ]:

L,\ il

4 )'

25

KHÔNG THAY THẾ CHO TC TH&TT TRUYỀN THỐNG !

Ldi gidi. Trong s6 c6c bdi gi6i, ban Chu MinhTh6ng c6 lcvi gi6i cdu b) hay, s6ng tgo. Xingi6i thiQu loi gi6i cira bpn Chu Minh Th6ng.

a) Ggi iliQn tro cira dopn mach ld R. Vi machv6 hpn n6n khi th6m hay bort mQt mit m4ch thicliQn tro ci:r- ch tlo4n m4ch kh6ng thay d6i n6n

ta c6 scv d6 tlopn m4ch nhu sau:

FBDi€n tro cin cb tlo4n mpch:

R= 2'R +4r e R2 -4rR-Br2 =0.R+2r

Giii phucrng trinh ta thu duoc: R = 2r(l* ",5).b) Do tinh d6i xtmg n6n nhirng cli6m c6 cung

) NhSn x6t. C6c b4n sau c6 loi gi6i thing: NamDinh: Pham Ngoc Nam, 10 Li, THPT chuy€n LC

Hdng Phong; NghQ An: Chu Minh Th6ng, A3-K41,THPT chuy6n Phan BQi Ch6u.

DANG THANH HAI

PROBLEMS...(Ti€p theo trang 17)

TOWARDS MATHEMATICALOLYMPIAD

Prolrlem Tgl449. Find the integral part of the

l5 9 20t3exDresslon B - -+-+-+. . .+' 37tt 20t5

Froblem T101449. Find all polynomials ftr)with integral coefficients such that fln) is a

divisor of 3n - 1 for every positive integer n.

Problem Tlll44g. Let (x,) be a sequence

satis$ring:,VneN

26

Let S, =Z*n** , /l € N*. Prove that, fork=0

every odd natural number n, Sni66 .

Problem T121449. Given a triangle ABC. Thepoints E and F respectively vary on the sides

CA and AB such that BF : CE. Let D be the

intersection of BE and CF. Let H and Krespectively be the orthocenters of DEF andDBC. Prove that, when E and .F change, theline FIKalways passes through a fixed point.

EQC LAI CHO DUNG

TrAn Tqp ch{ sd 448, trang 16, xin daqc dgc

bi di bai T5/448 nha sau;

Cho a, b, c ld c6c s5 thr;c dwtng thoa min

a' +b' + c' = 1. Chtmg minh ring2 12 12 : 2 2 ^a-+b- b-+c- c-+a- - I

-T-

abla+b)3 bc(b+c)t ca(c+a)'- 4'

Thdnh thdt xin l6i ban doc.

diqn thti c6 thO ch4p l4i v6icliQn tucrng ttuong nhu sau:

Tt d6 tinh duoc:

Tt hinh vE tr6n ta c6 th6 vE laihrong tlucrng nhu sau:

B'

Tuong tg m4ch a) ta c6 phucrng ffinh:

Ri,r,- t'Rt's,- r;=O

NghiQm cira phucmg trinh: R,u, :'t';t',

r d1+t\42r (Ji+t)-+r42

, Ta c6 machlxs = 4,x1=34

l*,*2.x, = x|*r +l 8. 1 0'*r

mach cli6n

n* =l* ='J'2

- TONN HOC26 - cl'uOiga so as (11-2014)

KHÔNG THAY THẾ CHO TC TH&TT TRUYỀN THỐNG !

PHEP CQlrG... (Ti6p theo trang t5)CuOi cing, giSo su B c6haic6ch ng6i, d6 ld ng6i db6n ph6i ho{c b6n tr6i. Do d6, ddp i.nliL2.2.2:8.Nht'ng suy luQn ndy d6n ta cttin mQt quy t6c <ttimquan tlong kh6c.

Quy tdc nhfrn. lVdu ,str ki€n At co th€ .ra1t,ra theoat ciich khac nhau vd su ki€n A2 c6 th€ xay ra,theo a2 cach khdc nhau,... vd str ki€n A, c6 th1xay ra theo a,, cdch khdc .nhau thi t6ng s6 cachd€ str,ki6n Alxat- ra r6i d€n su'kiAn A2 xa1; ra,...,r6i d€n str ki€n A,, xay ra ld ap2.. .a,,.

Ta c'ilng co th€ di€n ta quy tiic nhdn bdng ng6nngir tQp hep, ttrc ld n€u

S = {(r,,.!2,...,"!,) / s, e S,,1 < I ( z}

rhi lsl=ls,lls,l ls.lf( dy 5. MOt bien s6 re c6 3 lq, ru' ddu ld dAyg6m 3 chii cai trong bang chir cai vd 3 lqt ta sctu

ld ddy .gdm 3 con s6. C.6 th€ ldm ra bao nhi€ubien s6 xe khcic nhau nAu kh.6ng,dactc dirng s6 0va chti O trong cilng m6t hi€n s6?

Ldi gi,fii GSi S, ld t{p hqp c6c bii5n sd xe kh6ng

c6 sii 0 vdsrld tap hqp c6c bitin s6 xe khdng c6

cht O. N6u aBy - eh// ld mQt bi€n sd xe thuQc

^S1 thi P, 0, W # 0. Ti6p theo, kh6ng c6 y6u cAu gi

O5i vol a, f , y n6n m6i e, f, I c6 th€ nhQ-n26 gi6trj, trong khi m5i 0, d, V nhfn clu-o. c 9 gi5 fi. Dod6, lql = zo'.e' . Suy lufn tuong t.u,

ls, | = zs'. t o3 (vi vai trd cria cht vd so ctu-o. c doi

voi nhau). Dudng nhu <l6p 6n cira bdi to6n lA

ls,l*lsrl=263.93 +253.103. Tuy nhien, day

khdng phii ld ddp Sn,chinh x6c. Nhrmg m6ibu6c ldm 4r*g nhu rdt hqp ly. Vqy sai o dAu?CAu h6i m6u chdt hcrn ld: Lirm sao ta bi6t c6 saihay khdng?Ta tra loi c6u h6i thir hai trudc. Ggi S $ taq hOpmoi bi6n s6 xe t4o du-o. c theo nhu y6u cau at Uai.M6i cht trong d6y 3 cht c6i c6 26 lgachon vd m6icon s6 trong ddy 3 con sd c6 10 lga chgn. Theo quy

t'ic nhAn, lSl=zO'.tOt. Khdng kh6 dC kitlm tra

du-oc: lS, | * lS, I = 263 .93 + 253 .lO3 > 26'. 10' = lsl.R6 rdng lS,l*ls,l khdng ph6i h cdu tri loi tamu6n. Gid ta phii sria l6i sai. Luu y r[ng c6 vdich6 tring nhau gita,S, ve E, d6 ld nhirng bi6n

si5 kh6ng c6 ci sti 0 ho{c cht O. cgi S, ld tfp, .;.hqp cdc bi6n sd nhu vay. Suy ta

S, = S, n S, v6i m6i cht c6i trong mOt bi6n sd

thuQc S, , co 251ga chgn vd voi mdi con s5, c6 9

lpa chsn. Do 116 lql=zs'.e'. Vi m6i bi6n s6

trong,S3 clugc d6m 2 lAn trong S, "dS,

ndn cdu

tri lcri cu6i cr)ng cira bdi toan ld:

ls,l * ls,l - lq I = 263 .s3 + 2s3 .to3 - 2s3 .93

=17047279.K! thuft bao hdm nhfrng tAp hqp ch6ng chdo l6nnhau vd loai trt nhirng phAn dugc d6m hai 16n

goi li Quy tic Bao hdm - Lo4i trir.Thi dy 6. [AIME_ 1996J Trong mdt gi(.ti tidtt co 5dQi tham gia, m6i doi ddu mQt trQy v6'i,timgd\icdn lai. M6i d)i crj 50'%, ca' h6i chiAn thdng bdt kitrdn ndo ntd n6 tham gia (khdng co tran hda). Tinhxdc sudt giai ddu khdng cd hoac m)t d)i kh6ngthua trdn ndo hodc m6t d6i kh6ng thdng trdn ndo.

Ldi gi,rtL M6i doi phii choi a @1. Do d6, c6 5.4trQn n€u m6i tr4n dugc il6m hai lAn. Vay 5 c10i sE

, .l 5,4choi tdns cons - ' ' :10 k6n. Vi m6i hdn c6 th6

2c6 hai k6t qu6 n6n c6 210 k6tqu6 cho gihi dfu.C6 5 c6ch tl6 chgn ryQt dQi kh0ng thua kfln ndo.Gi6 su ilQi A thdng tdt ch 4 tr{n md n6 tham gia.Vfly m6i trQn trong 6 trAn cdn lai c6 thd c6 2 k€tqua. trong t6ng s6 210-4 - 2u k6t qure. Vi chi c6nhi6u nh6t mQt il6i kh6ng thua trAn ndo n6n c65.26 gihid6u cho ra mQt dQi khdng thua trAn ndo.Suy iufn hrcrng t.u cho ta 5.26 tring}to glii dd.u

cho ra mQt dQi khOng thing tr6n ndo.Tuy nhi€n, hai xhc su6t ndy kh6ng lopi tni l6nnhau. C6 th6 c6 chinh x6c mQt dQi kh6ng thuatrfn ndo vd chinh x6c mQt dQi khdng thdng trQn

ndo trong ctng mQt gi6i d6u. C6 ,4 =20 ho6nvi hai dQi nhu v{y. Gi6 str dQi I kh6ng thua trAnndo vd <tQi B kh6ng thing trQn ndo. C6 biy (chtkhdng phbi tim, v\ A vit B cl6u vdi nhau!) trfntrong d6 hoac clQi Ahoic dQi B hoflc ci hai dQitham gia. KOt qui cua 7 trQn ndy tl6 du-o. c x6cdinh. MOi trfn trong 3 trQn cdn lai c6 hai k6t qu6

trong tdng sd 2'0-7 =23 giaid6u. N6i c6ch khiic,20.f : i2' t ong zto giai <l5Lu.c6 cn dQi kh6ngthua trfln ndo vd dQi khdng thdng trfln ndo. Dod6, theo quy tdc Bao hdm - Lopi bri, c6:

2'o - 2.5.2u + 5.2s = 2t (2t - 5.22 + 5) = 2t .17

gi6i d6u kh6ng cho k6t qui ho{c mQt dQi kh6ngthSng lrfln ndo ho[c mQt dQj kh6ng thua tr0n ndo.Moi k6t qui c6 x6c suAt gi6ng nhau n6n x6c sudt

). . 77.2s fiCan tlm l8 ."- =

-.2'u 32

* nn ,rr-rorn, T?3ilr58E

27

KHÔNG THAY THẾ CHO TC TH&TT TRUYỀN THỐNG !

1- = Orlc6ch son miu kh6c nhau.4ffiffiffiffi

Th{ d1t 7. Hoa c6 cdc h6p son gdm 8 mdu khdcnhau. C6 *udn ton m|t b0 biSn hinh vu6ng cilarnQt tiim bdng 2 x 2 sao cho cdc hinh vudng canhnhau dug'c son mdu khdc nhau. Tim sii phuongdn son mdu khdc nhau md Hoa cd thA 4o ra.Hai phwong dn son mdu &rqc xem ld gidng nhaundu co thd thu duqc phtrong cin nay bing cdchxoay phwong an kia.

Ldi gidi Hoa cdn it nht,t 2 vd nhiAu nh6t + meu.C6 3 trucrng hqp nhu Hinh 5.

Hinh 5. (i) (ii) (iii)

Trong trudng hqp (i), co -,( cilchdti chqn mdrA,B, C vit D l&6c nhau. M6i cdch scrn mdu trongtrucyng hgp ndy c6 th6 dugc xoay 90 d0 nguqcchi6u kim ddng hO 3 Dn dC c6 3 c6ch scrn mdukh6c nhau nhu trong hinh 6. N6i c6ch kh6c, m6ic6ch son mhu trong truong hqp ndy bi cltfm 4 lAn,

tinh d6n cA trudng hgp xoay trdn. VAy c6

Itinh 6

Trong trucrng hgrp (ii), c6 4 c6ch chon mdu

kh6c nhau. trzt6i cach son mdu trong trucmg hqpndy c6 th6 iluqc xoay 90 dQ ngugc chidu kimd6ng hd 3 lin dC c6 3 c6ch son mdu kh6c nhaunhu trong hinh 7. N6i cSch kh6c, m6i c6ch scrn

mdu trong trucrng hqp ndy bi d6m 4 lAn, tinh d6n13

cd trudng hqp xoay tron. Vdy c6 5=84 cbch4

scrn mdu kh6c nhau.ffiffiffiwHinhT

Trong trucrng hqp (iii), c6 I c6ch chon mdu

kh6c nhau A vit B. tvtdi c6ch scrn mdu trongtrucrng hqrp ndy c6 th6 dugc xoay 90 itQ nguocchi0u kim d6ng hO 1 6n dC thu dugc m6t cSch

son maru khSc nhu trong hinh 8. M6i c6ch s<yn

mdu trong trucrng hqrp ndy bi d6m 2 ldn, tinh dtfnt2

ci trudng hqp xoay tron. Vdy c6 + =28 circh2

sol mhu khSc nhau.

. Hinh ICu0i cing, ta co 420 + 84 + 28 : 532 c6ch sonmdu khSc nhau.Ta dd xong chua? Chua i16u bpn 4! Nguoi dgc c6th6 da tim ra m6t cdu tra ldi kh6c. Nhrmg tru6ckhi chi ra 16i sai cira minh, chring t6i mudn h6ixem ldm c6ch ndo phdt hiQn ra 16i sai c6 thri c6trong khi d6m. Vdng, m6t c6ch hiQu qud ld 6p

dgng phuong phfip tuong t.u cho c5c gi5 tri bandAu khSc nhau. Trong thi dU ndy, sO luqng mdudd cho khdng tl6ng vai trd quan trgng trong bdigihi cua chirng t6i. N6u ban dAu chring t6i clu-o.c

cho 7 mdu thi sao? V6ng, vQy ta sE c6

I los---!- =

- c6ch scyn mdu kh6c nhau trong trucmg42

hqp (ii). ThQt ra chirng ta kh6ng c6 4 c6ch scrn

mdu kh5c nhau trong hinh 9. C6ch s<yn thri batinh tu tr6i sang gi6ng v6i c6ch scm diu ti6n vicdc cdch ph6n b6 mdu B vd C dugc dt5m khi

chon mdu c6 thir W (4) . fucr"g t.u, c5ch son

mdu thr? ba vd tu cflng gi6ng nhau khi chon mdu13

c6 thu tu. Vav. c6 3 = 168 c6ch son miu kh6c,2nhau trong trucmg hgp (ii). Vpy d6p 6n chinh x6ccho Th[ du 7 liL 420 + i 68 + 28 : 616.

BAI TAP1. Tim s6 lugrg s5 nguydn duong c6 2 chir s6 chiahi5t cho c6 hai cht si5 cta n6.

2. IAIME 2000] C6 2 hQp,m6i trqp chua c6 bi den. i . :. /,.va trdng, va t6ng s6 bi trong hai hQp ld 25. L6,y

ngiu nhi6n mQt bi tu m6i hdp. Xric su6t Ce cd hai bi4.7

tl6u ld bi den ld 1 . X6c su6t d0 c6 hai bi d6u ld bi50

tr6ng h bao nhi6u?

3. C6 10 nt vd 4 nam trong lcrp t6 hqp cira thAyDfrng. 9,6 bao nhi6u c6ch d6 xt5p nhirng hgc sinhndy ng6i quanh pQt bdn trdn sao cho kh6ng c6 hgcsinh nam ndo ng6i canh nhau?

4. Cho r ld mQt sd nglry0n l6n hcm 4, vh cho PrP, .1ld clc da gi6c l6i n calrth. Binh m.u6nvE n - 3 tluongch6o phdn vung khdng gian b6n ffong.da giircthitthn- 2 tam gi6c vd c6c dudng ch6o chi giao nhau t4itlinh cua.tla gi6c. Ngodi ra, anhmu6n m5i tam gi6cc6 it nh6t 1 c4nh chung vcri da gilc. Binh c6 th)chia nhu vfy theo bao nhi6u cSch?

zst?[H,H@KHÔNG THAY THẾ CHO TC TH&TT TRUYỀN THỐNG !

Kd d4,4 ouattl; mw&m .Kffieru

rur,ue. qd-&Y

ffi-wlt*

:,.]:irri: siicii Li? i:,ti, ',1o.rl;ii.ii 'i"1,;-'"i; r,rli ii'; l::.ll iii:li t:iti !'l;i :.t ttrli-'i i-:r,'r: ,;{'ii\ ll.\14. :

ry-*' CiAi ]iu t siir-: {3 girii}t. od tlguydn Vinh Huy,10 Todn, PTNK - DHQGfP. nO ChiMinh. l

2.Ittguydn Trung Hi€u, 12 Todn 1, THPT chuyCn

Hrng Y6n."e GiAi NhAr t.: gi,li:l. L€ Phudc Dlnh, 9ll, THCS Kim Ddng, HQi An,

Quflng Nam.

2. Ng.rydnDthc ThtAn,gA3,THCS LdmThao, Phri Thg.

3. NgLryen VdnThd,l0 Tor4n 1, TFIPT chuy6n Hn Tinh.'1 {Jiei Shi { 11} fii*iil. Trin LA Hi€p,7A, THCS Ly Nhat Quang, E6Luong, Ngh$ An.

2. Nguydn Bdo Trdn,7A, THCS Tdy Vinh, Tdy Scm,

Binh Dinh.

3. Nguydn Thi Hq Vy,7A, THCS Henh Phuoc, NghlaHdnh, Quing Ngni.

4. V{i Thi Thi,8A, THCS Hanh Phudc, Nghia Hdnh,

Quing Ngni.

5. Li D4t Anh,gA,THCS Nguy6n Huy Tuong. E6ngAnh, Hi NOi.

,

6. LA fuang Dilng, 9D; THCS Nhfi Be Sy, Ho5ng

7. Ngttydn HieuHuy,gAl,THCS YCnL4c, Vftrh Phric.

8. Phqm Quang Todn.gC.THCS Dqng Thai Mai, TP.

Vinh, NghQ An.

9. Hd Xudn Hilng,l0Tl, THPT Do Lucrng I, NghQ An.

10.Trdn Hdu MqnhCudng,llTl, TIIPT chuydn Hir Tinh,

11. Nguydn Long Duy, ll To6n 1, THPT chuydnI{trng Y€n.

2. TrAn Bd Trung, 1l Tofu: 1, TIIPT chuydn Hmg YGn.

13. L€ Anh Tudn, ll To6n, THPT chuyen Bi6n Hod,

TP. HeNam. Hir Nam.

14. Vil Tudn Anh,12Todn2, THPT chuy6n LC H6ng

Phong. Nam Dinh.

15. Chu Thi Thu Hiin,l2T THPT chuyen Long An.

$. LA Minh Phaong, 12 Toin, THPT chuy6n Phan

Ngqc Hi6n, Cir Mau.

17.L€Th€ SnI,LLAS,THPTBim Son, Thanh H6a.

18. Trdn Nguy€n Try, l2C3A, THPT chuy6n HimgVucrng, TP. Pleiku, Gia Lai.

D. LA Eilrc VieL 12 To6n, TFIPT chuyen Hodng VdnThq, Hda Binh.

; ilri, iB* r23 g.rii!

l. Nguydn Dinh Tuiin,6c, THCS Li Nhat Quang, D6Luong, NghQ An.

2. Dqng Quang Anh,7A, THCS Nguy6n Chich, EOng

Son, Thanh H6a.

3.'Nguydn Daong Hodng Anh,7C, THCS V[n Lang,

TP. ViCt Tri, Phri Thg.

a. NguyAn Dqi Dwtng,7B, THCS Nguy6n Kim Vang,Nghia Hdnh, Quing Ngli.5. Nguydn L€ Hodng Duydn.7A. THCS Ph4m VanD6ng. Nghia Hdnh, Quing Ngfli.

6. Nguydn Phuong DuyAn,7C, THCS Li6n Huong,Vfr Quang, Hi finh.7. Phqm Thiin Trang,7A, THCS Hanh Phuoc, NghiaHdnh, Quing Ngfli.

8. Phqm Thi Vy Vy,TA,THCS Nghia M!, Tu Nghia,

Quing Ngdi.

Sti aas Ol-'2ot4)

"r#$qPd ,H#{---.- -ffir,ex*iffi,r 1#W

KHÔNG THAY THẾ CHO TC TH&TT TRUYỀN THỐNG !

9. Nguydn Thi Hing,88, THCS Li Nhat Quang, E6Lucrng, NghQ An.

10. Nguydn Hiru Hodn,gB, THCS TrAn Phri, TT.N6ng C5ng, Thanh H6a.

ll. Ngty)dn Thi Th€m,9A1, THCS YCn [ac, Vinh Phric.

2. LA Vdn Tructng NhQt,10T1, TIIPT chuydn Hi Titth.

B. LA Himg Ctdng,11A7, THPT Lucrng Eic Bing,Hoing H6a, Thanh H6a.

14. Vd ThA Dry. 1 iA1, THPT SO t rr. Phi My. Binh Einh.

15. Bqch Xudn Dso, 11 To6n, THPT chuydn Bi6nHda, tlir Nam.

16. Trin Manh Hi.mg,11TA, THPT chuy6n Nguy6nHuQ, Hi NQi.

17. Dfing Quang Huy, 11 To6n, THPT chuy6n Bi6nHda, Hir Nam.

18. Mai Tiiln Luqt, l1T, THPT chuyCn Ld Quf D6n,TP. QuyNhcrn, Binh Dinh.

19. Trdn Duy Qudn,11T1, THPT chuy6n Nguy6nBinh Khi6m, Vinh Long.

20. Eodn Phu Thi€n,11A1, THPT L6 Hdng Phong,

Tdy Hoa, Phri \'6n.21. Nguydn Minh Tri, llTl,TlIPT chuy6n Long An.

22. Trlnh Ngpc Til,11 Toan, THPT chuydn Bi6n Hda,Hi Nam.

n, Vrt Vdn Quy,1241, THPT Nguy6n Chi Thanh,

TP. Pleiku, Gia Lai..lr t,lirii i-"im;,r,!:r i.lticn i65 gi*i3

l. Ng6 Ngqc Hudn,6A, THCS Phpm Vdn D6ng,Nghia Hdnh, Quing NgIi.2. Ngrydn Th! Qu)nh Trang, 6A, THCS Ho XudnHuong, Qujnh Luu, NghQ An.

3. Ngd Thi l{g7c iinh, 7A, THCS Cao Xudn Huy,Di6n Chdu, NghQ An.

4. I,{yydn Cao Bdch,7B1, THCS Nguy6n Nghi6m,TP. Qudng Ngii, Quing Ngii.5. Kiiu Xudn Bdch,7A, THCS Le Htu Lflp, Hflu LQc,

Thanh H6a.

6. Trin Cd Bdo,7Al, THCS Phu6c LQc, Tuy Phu6c,Binh Dinh.

7. Nguydn Thity Dung,7B, THCS Li Nhat Quang, D6Lucrng, Ngh$ An.

8. Trin Minh Hi€u,7C, THCS Vdn Lang, TP. VietTri, Phti Thg.

9. Nguydn Khdi Hcmg,7D, THCS Nhir BA S!, HoingHoa, Thanh H6a.

lO. I/d Thj H6ng Kiiu,7A, THCS Ngtria M!, TuNghia, Quing Ngfli.

1I. D6 fhi W Lan,7A, THCS Hanh Phuoc, NghiaHdnh. Quing Ngni.

12. Nguydn Vdn Msnh,7A, THCS Li Nhat Quang,D6 Luong. Ngh$ An.

B. VA Phaong Tdm, 78, THCS H6 Xudn Huong,

Quynh Luu, NghQ An.

14. tlguydn Ydn Todn,7A, THCS Li Nhat Quang, D6

Luong, NghQ An.

15. Ng4)dn Thdnh Vinh,7A1, THCS vd THPT HaiBd Tnmg, TX. Phric Y6n, Vinh Phric.

16. Nguydn Eqi Daong, 8B, THCS Nguy6n KimVang, Nghia Hdnh, Quing Ng6i.

U.NgLryAnTii*tlong,8A1, THCS Ldm Thao, Phri Thq.

18. Daong Xudn Long,8B, THCS Li Nhat Quang,D6 Luong, NghQ An.

19. Chu Mai Anh,gAl, THCS Y6n Lpc, Vinh Phtfc.

20. Hodng Th! Minh Anh,9A7,THCS Y6n Lpc, \tnh Phric.

21. LA Phuc Anh,gA, THCS Nguy6n Huy Tuong,D6ng Anh, Hn NOi.

22. Cao Hibu Dqt,9C, THCS Dqng Thai Mai, TP.

Vinh, Nghp An.

23. Nguydn Thi Thanh Hwrng,gA, THCS Y6n Phong

Bic Ninh.

24. Vil Thu) Linh,9A3, THCS Ldm Thao, Phti Thg.

25. Ng6 t{hQt Long,9A2, THCS Tran Phf, Pht Li,IId Nam.

26. Hodng Dac Mqnh,gA, THCS Dinh C6ng Tritg,Thanh Li6m, Hi Nam.

27. Td Minh Ngpc,9At, THCS Ydn Lpc, Vinh Phfc.

28. Nguydn Thu!, Qu)nh,9A2, THCS Gi6y Phong

Ch6u, PhirNinh, Phti Thg.

29. Hodng Huy Th6ng,9c, THCS Phan Chu Trinh,TP. Bu6n Ma ThuQt, D[k LIk.30. Trdn Thanh Binh,10 ToriLn, THPT chuy6n QuingBinh, Quing Binh.

31. Nguydn H6ng Ddng,10 To6n 1, THPT chuydn L6H6ng Phong, TP. Nam Dinh, Nam Dinh.

32. Nguyin Dodn Hidu,10T1, THPT D6 Lunng I, E6Luong. NghQ An.

33. Ldm Bt?u Hang,10A1T, THPT chuyEn Nguy6nThi Minh Khai, S6c Tring.34. Nguydn Tudn Htrng,10 To6n l, THPT chuy6n L6Hdng Phong. TP. Nam Dinh, Nam Dinh.

35. Nguydn Trdn LA Minh,l0 To6n, THPT chuyCn L€

Quf D6n Ninh Thu$n.

36. Ng.qt€n H6ngNgpc, 10A1, THPT chuy6n \tnh Phtfic.

37. Nguydn Minh Ng7c, 10 To6n, THPT chuy6n

Qu6ng Binh, Quing Binh.

38. Trurmg Minh Nhqt Quang,10T, THPT chuy6n L6

Quf Ddn, TP. Quy Nhon, Binh Dinh.

KHÔNG THAY THẾ CHO TC TH&TT TRUYỀN THỐNG !

39. Vil Hing Qudn,10 To5n, THPT chuydn Nguy6nTdt Thdnh, YGn B6i.

40. Vatrng Hodi Thanh, 10A2T, THPT chuy€nNguy6n ThiMinh Khai, S6c Tring.41. Nguydn Thi Trang,10 To5n, THPT chuy6n BicGiang, TP. Bic Giang, B6c Giang.

42. Nguydn Vdn An,11 To6n, THPT chuy6n BicNinh, TP. Bic Ninh, B6c Ninh.

43. Nguydn Ydn Cao,11Al, THPT S6ng Son, S6ngL6, Vinh Phric.

44. Truong Hadng Duy,l1T, THPT chuy6n Nguy6nEinh Chi6u, D6ng Th6p.

45. Phqm Trung Dilng, 11A1, THPT chuydn DHVinh, TP. Vinh, NghQ An.

46. Nguydn Tidn Dqt,11T, THPT chuyCn Lam S<rn,

Thanh H6a.

41 . Nguydn Thi ViCt Hd, I I To6n l, THPT chuydn HdTInh, Hi finh.48. Le Vdn Hdi, 1147, THPT Luong Dfc Bing,Hodng H6a, Thanh H6a.

a9. Ngtyln Vdn Hdi,118, TF{PT Tdy Son, Binh Einh.

50. Phqm Minh HQu,11 Toiin 1. THPT chuydn LongAn, TP. Long An, Long An.

51. Tdng Trung Hidu,1141, THPT Thrii Hoi, TX.Th6i Hod. Ngh$ An.

52. Nguydn Th! Phuong Hodi, l1 To6n, THPTchuydn L6 Quf Ddn, Quing Tri.

53. Nguydn Hibu Khoi, 11 To6n 2, THPT chuy€nNguy6n HuQ, QuQn Hd D6ng, Hn NQi.

54. Nguydn Duy Linh, 11 To6n, THPT chuy6n B6nTre, B6n Tre.

55. Dinh Chung Mung, ll To6n, THPT chuy6nHodng Van Thr,r. TP.Hoa Binh, Hda Binh.

56. T*Nhfu Quang,11 To6n, THPT chuy6n B6n Tre,

B6n Tre.

57. Ngo Hodng Thanh Quang, I I To6n, THPTchuy6n Quang Binh. QGng Binh.

58. DAu Hing Qudn,1lAl, THPT chuy6n Phan BQi

Chdu. TP. Vinh, Ngh$ An.

59. Nguydn Minh Thdnh. l1 Todn, THPT chuy6n

Ti6n Giang, TP. My Tho, Tiijn Giang.

60. Trin Trpng Ti€n,1 I To5n, THPT chuydn L6 QuyD6n, Quing Tr!.61. Trdn Eac Anh, 12 Toin, TIIPT chuyCn LC QufD6n, Quing Tri.

62. Phqm Tudn Huy, 12 ToLn, PTNK - DHQG TP.

HO Chi Minh, TP. ttO Ctri Vfinn.

63. Luu Giang Nam, 12 Tobn 1, THPT chuy6n Phan

Nggc Hi6n, TP. Cd Mau, Ch Mau.

64. Nguydn Nhu ThiQp, 12A1, THPT fran quOc

Toan. Eakar, DIk LIk.65. Nguydn Vdn TuyOn,l2AtlK25, THPT D6ng Hj',TP. ThAi Nguy6n, Th6i Nguy0n.

ry* Giei \her (l gini)

I'tguym Mqnh Ddn, 10 A3 Ljz, TF{PT chuy6n \rmh Phfic.

* Gi:ii \hi (6 gidi)

1. ttguy€n Manh Dfing, 10 A3 Li, THPT chuy6nVinh Phrfic.

2. Phan Quiic Yaong,

NghQ An.

3. Biti Vil Hodn, llQuing Ngii.4. Vrt Ydn Dilng,ll Toim2, THPT chuy6n Th6i Binh.

5. Nguydn Vdn Hirng, l1B, THPT chuy6n QuangTrung, Binh Phufc.6. LA Xudn Bdo,12A3, THPT chuy6n Phan BQi ChAu,

TP. Vinh. Ngh$ An.

* (;iri Ba (9 si,ii)l. Vfi Dlc Thhrg,l0 A3 Li, THPT chuy6n V-rnh Phric.

11A1, THPT DiSn Ch6u 3,

Li, THPT chuy6n t6 Khi6t,

2. Nguydn Vidt Sang,10 Li, THPT chuy€n Nguy6nDu. Ddk Ldk.

3. Tdng Trung Hidu, l1Al, THPT ThSi Hda, TX.Th6i Hda. NghQ An.

4. Chu Minh Th6ng, 11A3, THPT chuy6n Phan BQi

Ch6u, TP. Vinh, NghQ An.

5. Nguydn Thi Oanh,11C1, THPT Hoing H6a fV,Thanh H6a.

6. NguyAn Vi€t Tudn,1245, THPT chuy6n EH Vinh,Ngh$ An.

7. Phqm Neqc Bdch,12A4, TFIPT Tirrh Gia 2, Thanh Hda.

8. NguyAn Hodi Nam, 12A1, TTIPT Ducrng Qu6ngHirm, Vdn Giang, Hung YOn.

9. Phqm Thanh Binh,12A1, THPT Luong Phir, PhiBinh, Thii Nguy6n.

ilic l-ran doai giii nho gir'i gdp d!;r chi n:di c*a rnlnh vd T'drr soa;i cid nh.ln Gidy Chr'rng nh{n v;i ling 1:hdm ciia 'Iap c}ri.

eg11lsl:qq_*W#ffi[st

KHÔNG THAY THẾ CHO TC TH&TT TRUYỀN THỐNG !

Ilprhi IiltHg(uuIUdl miltlathemutir and Youfh ffugurine

xuir nAN rtJ uotSd /Ug 111.20141

Iaia so?n : 1878, nho Gling Uo, ile il01

0r 81fi $& t8.35t210070[ - Far Pfiil [enn, Irl su: 04.35t21606

Emal!: loanh0cu0itrefi eham@gmall,G0m

BAN CO VAN KHOA HQC

cs. rsrn Ncuygu caNn roANGS. T SKH. TRAN VAN NHLING

rS.NGI.]YENVANVONG

cs. ooaNquixaPGS S. TRANVANHAO

10 chuy6n To6n tnrdng THPT chuy6n HdTlnh, n5.m lnoc 2014-2015.

DHQG TP. H6 Chi Minh nr{.m hoc 2014-

2015.

cHra rnAcv r,tutsu xuir nittChir tich HOi ddng Thanh viOn

NXB Gi6o dqc Vi€t Nam

NGTII. NC,O TRANAI

Tdng Girim ddc ki6m Tdng bi6n tAp

NXB Girio duc ViOt Nam

cs.rs. v0vaNnuxc

Re ader's Contributions

Nguydn Dinh Huy - Ph6p c6ng hay ph6p

nhAn.

Problems in This trssue

T\1449, ..., T121449, L7t449, L2t449.

Solutions to Preuious Problems

GiAi c5c bdi cria S6 445.

HOI DONG BIEN TAP

Tdng biin tQp : TS. rnAN nOU ulvt Thu ki Tda soan : ThS. HO QUANG VINHrs. TRAN DiNH cHAu, ras. NGwBN aNH ofiic, rs. rnaN Nana oUxc, rs. Ncuysu MrNH DUc, rs. NcwEN

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