thuoc tu thuc vat

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TRNG I HC QUY NHNKHOA SINH-KTNN

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Tn tc gi : NGUYN TH NH NGCTn ti :

SU TM, PHN LOI THUC CNGUN GC T THC VT

Quy Nhn thng 11/2010

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TRNG I HC QUY NHNKHOA SINH-KTNN

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Tn tc gi : NGUYN TH NH NGCCng tc :

Tn ti :

SU TM, PHN LOI THUC CNGUN GC T THC VT

Gio vin hng dn: TS.Nguyn Vn Ban

Quy Nhn thng 11/2010

M U

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Vit Nam l nc c kh hu nhit i gi ma, nn c h ng thc vt phong

ph, a dng, tn ti v pht trin quanh nm. l ngun nguyn liu v cng qu

gi cho ngnh dc liu.

T ngn xa con ngi bit s dng cc b phn ca thc vt nh: l, r, c,

thn, qu lm thuc cha bnh. Mc d khi con ngi vn cha bit v bn

cht, c ch tc dng ca n. iu cho chng ta thy thuc c ngun gc t thc

vt xut hin t rt sm.

V sau th thuc t thc vt tr nn v cng quan trng trong i sng ca

con ngi. Nhng ngi thy thuc bit kt hp v bo ch ra nhng bi thuc

cha c cc bnh cp tnh, mn tnh, nan y.

Hin nay nh chng ta bit, khoa hc v y hc ang rt pht trin. to rart nhiu cc loi thuc tn dc, cc bin php cha bnh c hiu qu. Tuy nhin

c mt s bnh m ngay c y hc hin i cng phi b tay, nhng y hc c truyn

v thuc ng y li c th cha c dt im.

Vi i sng nng nghip l nn kinh t chnh. Ngi dn tri qua rt nhiu

kinh nghim v s dng thc vt trong ba n k c cc loi cy lng thc, hoa

mu, cy gia v, cy n qu. Da vo nhng kinh nghim trn ngi dn nhn rarng. Thc vt khng ch l mn n ngon ming, cha nhiu cht x gip tiu ha

tt, m cn cung cp nhiu cht dinh dng cho c th, hn th na n cn c tc

dng cha bnh.

Nh vy thc vt khng ch gp phn bi b, cung cp cht dinh dng cho c

th, m cn gip ch rt nhiu cho sc khe. Nht l i vi nhng ngi dn ngho

khng th tip cn vi nhng loi thuc tn dc t tin.

Trong thc t hin nay, y hc pht trin, cc loi thuc trn ngp. Nhng n

lun km theo nhng tc dng ph c th gy hi cho c th. Nn vic tm hiu,

nm vng v s dng thuc t thc vt l gii php hiu qu, an ton v tit kim.

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Qua tc phm ny chng ti mun gip mi ngi hiu bit v tc dng cha

bnh ca mt s loi thuc t thc vt v cch s dng chng cha bnh. V

thng qua hiu bit ca mi ngi gip cho nn y hc c truyn v cc bi thuc

ng y khng b mai mt, mt i. Nh cng cao v ph bin cc loi dc

liu dn tc. T gip ngi c nhn thc c li ch tc dng ca thc vt.

Tuyn truyn cho mi ngi nn s dng thuc t thc vt v n c rt nhiu li

ch nh ni trn.

Qua su tm v bin son da trn cc kin thc y hc, dc hc, sch bo, ti

liu tng hp, internet nhng vn khng th trnh khi nhng thiu st, hn ch

nn mong bn c gp .

Chng 1:

TNG QUAN TI LIU

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1.1. Vi nt v cy thuc Vit Nam hin nay

Thng tin t t chc Y t Th gii (WHO) nm 1985 cho bit, hin c

khong 20.000 loi (trong s 250.000 loi thc vt bc cao v bc thp bit)

c trc tip s dng lm thuc hoc c xut x cung cp cc hot cht t

nhin lm thuc. Trong n c trn 6.000 loi, Trung Quc 5.136

loi.

Vit Nam, theo kt qu iu tra tng i c h thng ca Vin Dc liu, t

nm 1961 n nay pht hin v thng k c 3.948 loi thc vt lm thuc

(bao gm c To v Nm). Trong s , c ti trn 90% s loi l nhng cy

thuc mc t nhin. Chng cung cp ti 2/3 trong tng s 30 50.000 tn dcliu c s dng trong nc mi nm v xut khu.

Do khai thc thiu ch bo v ti sinh, cng nn ph rng ly t canh tc v

nhiu nguyn nhn khc, lm cho vng phn b t nhin cng nh ton b

ngun ti nguyn cy thuc nc ta gim i nhanh chng. Hin c th khng

nh rng, hu ht cc loi cy thuc c gi tr s dng v kinh t cao nh: ng

sm (Codonopsis javanica Blume), H th (Fallopia multiflorum (Thunb.)Haraldson), Ng gia b gai (Acanthopanax trifoliatus (L.) Merr.), Vng ng

(Coscinium fenestratum (Gaertn.) Colebr.) do khai thc qu mc, tr nn

cn kit. Nghim trng hn l i vi nhng cy thuc vn vn c coi l qu

him, nh Sm Ngc Linh (Panax vietnamense Ha et Grushv.), Sm v dip (P.

bipinnatifidus Seem.), mt s loi Hong lin (thuc chi Coptis, Berberis,

Thalictrum), Hong tinh (thuc chi Polygonatum v Disporopsis) do b tmkim khai thc gt gao, nn ang ng trc nguy c b tuyt chng. Bi vy,

bo tn ngun cy thuc Vit Nam hin nay, trc ht cn u tin i vi

nhng loi thuc i tng k trn.

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1.2. Gi tr ca dc liu

1.2.1 Gi tr s dng

Ti nguyn cy thuc ng vai tr quan trng trong chm sc sc kho,

cha bnh, c bit cc nc ngho, ang pht trin v c truyn thng sdng cy c lm thuc. Theo bo co ca T chc Y t Th gii (WHO), ngy

nay c khong 80% dn s cc nc ang pht trin vi dn s khong 3,5 n

4 t ngi trn th gii c nhu cu chm sc sc kho ban u ph thuc vo nn

y hc c truyn. Phn ln trong s ph thuc vo ngun dc liu hoc cc

cht chit sut t dc liu. Trung Quc, nhu cu thuc cy c l 1.600.000

tn/nm v tng khong 9%/nm.Chu u v Bc M tng trng 10% mi

nm.

1.2.2Gi tr kinh t

Mc d chim t l nh hn thuc c ngun gc t ho hc, cng ngh sinh

hc, vv. cy c lm thuc vn c bun bn khp ni trn th gii. Trn qui m

ton cu, doanh s mua bn cy thuc c tnh khong 16 t Euro.

C 119 cht tinh khit c chit tch t khong 90 loi thc vt bc caoc s dng lm thuc trn ton th gii, trong c ti 74% cht c mi quan

h hay cng c s dng nh cc cng ng s dng v d nh Theophyllin

t cy Ch, Reserpin t cy Ba gc, Rotundin t cy Bnh vi, vv. (bng 9.1).

Ring Trung Quc, trong giai on t 1979-1990 c 42 ch phm thuc mi

t cy thuc a ra th trng, trong c 11 ch phm cha cc bnh tim mch,

5 ch phm cha ung th v 6 ch phm cha cc bnh ng tiu ho. D on

nu pht trin ti a cc thuc cy

c t cc nc nhit i, c th lm ra khong 900 t USD mi nm cho nn kinh

t cc nc th gii th ba.

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1.2.3 Gi tr tim nng

Ti nguyn cy c l i tng sng lc tm cc thuc mi. Vin Ung th

Quc gia M u t nhiu tin bc sng lc n 35.000 trong s trn

250.000 loi cy c tm thuc cha ung th trn khp th gii. Theo b d liuNAPRALERT, n nm 1985 c khong 3.500 cu trc ho hc mi c

ngun gc t thin nhin c pht hin, 2.618 trong s t thc vt bc cao,

512 t thc vt bc thp v 372 t cc ngun khc. R rng l ngun ti nguyn

cy c v tri thc s dng chng lm thuc cn l mt kho tng khng l, trong

phn khm ph cn qu t i. Cc vng nhit i trn th gii, bao gm lu

vc sng Amazon ca chy M, ng Nam , n - M Lai, Ty Phi cha

ng kho tng cy c khng l cng nh giu c v tri thc s dng, c tim

nng ln trong nghin cu v pht trin dc phm mi t cy c.

Trung Quc, ngoi nn y hc c truyn chnh thng ca ngi Hn (Trung y), cc

cng ng khng phi ngi Hn, vi dn s khong 100 triu ngi, cng c

ccnn y hc ring ca mnh, s dng khong 8,000 loi cy c lm thuc, trong

c 5nn y hc chnh l nn y hc ca ngi Ty Tng (s dng 3,294 loi),Mng C (sdng 1,430 loi), Ugur, Thi (s dng 800 loi) v Triu Tin. Nh

vy, cng c th tnti cc nn y hc dn tc ring, mc pht trin nht

nh Vit Nam, c bit lca cc cng ng dn tc sinh sng lu i hoc c

h thng ch vit sm pht trinnh ngi Thi, Mng, Chm, vv.

1.2.4. Gi tr vn ha

S dng cy c lm thuc l mt trong nhng b phn cu thnh cc nn vn

ho, to nn c trng vn ho ca cc dn tc khc nhau.

1.3. Ti nguyn cy thuc trn th gii v Vit Nam

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1.3.1.Ti nguyn cy thuc trn th gii

Ngy nay, c lng c khong 35.000-70.000 loi trong s 250.000-

300.000 loi cy c c s dng vo mc ch cha bnh khp ni trn th

gii. Trong Trung Quc c trn 10.000 loi, n c khong 7.500 loi,

Indonesia c khong 7.500 loi, Malaysia c khong 2.000 loi, Nepal c hn

700 loi, Sri Lanka c khong 550-700 loi.

Theo Jukovski (1971), c 12 trung tm a dng sinh hc cy trng trn th

gii l Trung Quc - Nht Bn, ng Dng - Indonesia, Chu c, n , Tr

ung , Cn

ng, a Trung hi, Chu Phi, Chu u - Siberi, Nam Mehico, Nam M v

Bc M.Nhiu loi cy thuc c thun dng v trng trt t lu i ti cc

trung tm nh Gai du, Thuc phin, Nhn sm, inh hng, Nhc u khu,

Qu Xy Lan, Bc h, an sm, Canh kina, vv.

Bng 2: Trung tm a dng sinh vt v cy thuc trn th gii.

STT Tn trung tm Phn b SL Mt s i din

1

Trung Quc Nht Bn

vng ni minTrungv Ty TrungQuc,Triu Tin,

Nht Bn

88 La, Cao lng, imch, Ci c,

Ci tha, Da hu, L,To, o, M,

Ma,Thuc phin,Nhn sm, Longno, Gai du,

trng.2

ng DngIndonesia

ng Dng

v quno M Lai

41 La di, Chui, Mt,

Mng ct, Da,Ma, inhhng,Nhc u khu,d

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3 Chu c Ton b Chuc

20 La di, Bng, Keo,Bch n, vv.

4 n

n , Minin

30 La, u en, uxanh, Da chut,Xoi, Ma,H tiu,

Chm, Qu Xylan, Ba u, vv.5

Trung

Ty Bc n,Apganistan,Uzbekistan,Ty ThinSn, vv

43 M, Vng, Lanh, Gaidu, Nho, Hnh,Ti, C rt, vv.

6Cn ng

Tiu , Iran,Turkmenistan,

vv

10

0

M, Mch, V, L,To, vv.

7

a Trung Hi

Ven aTrung Hi

64 La m, Ci du,Lanh, liu,Phng

phong, Bc h, ansm, Hng ty,Hoa bia, vv.

8Chu Phi

Trung v NamPhi

38 K, La min, Lanh,M, Vng,Thudu, Ch

9 Chu u Siberi Ton b Chuu ntrung Siberi

35 To, L, Nho, Duty, C ci ng,Hp lng, vv.

10Nam Mehico

Nam Mehicov eoTrung M

Ng, Rau dn, B r ,Su su, u , Cacao, Thuc l di

11NamM

Peru, Ecuado,Bolivia,vv.

64 Ng, Sn, dong ring,Khoai ty,Canhki na, C chua,t, vv.

12Bc M

Bc Mexicotr ln

Nho, Mn, Thuc l,vv.

1.3.2. Ti nguyn cy thuc Vit Nam

1.3.2.1.iu kin t nhin v x hi

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1.3.2.1.1. iu kin t nhin

Vit Nam c din tch phn lc a rng 35 triu ha, mt phn gn lin vi

lc

a v mt phn thng vi i dng, ko di t bc xung nam hn 1.800 km,

phn b t v 8030 n 330 2' bc v t kinh 102o10' n 109o

Lnh th Vit Nam chu s chi phi v hot ng a cht ca hai a khi

Indonesia (t Mng T, in Bin Ph cc Ty bc n Trung b v Nam

b) v Hoa Nam (vng Bc b). a hnh a dng v phc tp vi hai vng ng

bng ln l chu th Sng Hng pha bc v Sng Cu long pha nam, c hai

dy ni ln l Hong lin sn v Trng sn vi nhiu vng c cao trn

2.000m v cc cao nguyn nh nh ng Vn, Mc Chu, Sn La, Gia Lai-KonTon, c Lc, Di Linh, vv. pha Bc, hu ht cc dy ni u thp dn t Bc

xung Nam v c hng chung vi cc dy ni pha Nam Trung Quc. iu

ny to iu kin cho s xm nhp ca cc yu t h thc vt nhit i v n

i vo min Bc Vit Nam nh cc loi ca ngnh Thng, h D (Fagaceae),

h Cng l ( Betulaceae), h quyn (Ericaceae), vv. V pha Nam, a hnh

thp, phng v gn lin vi min t ca Malaysia, do to iu kin cho sxm nhp ca nhiu loi cy thuc h thc vt Malaysia nh cc cy thuc h

Du ( Dipterocarpaceae), h Np m (Nepenthaceae), chi Da (Cocos), chi

Mung (Cassia) loi Tch (Tectona grandis L.f.). 24' ng. Vit Nam nm

vnh ai kh hu nhit i m gi ma vi tng lng bc x t 110-120

calo/cm2/nm, nhit trung bnh nm khc nhau gia min Bc (23,4oC - H

Ni) v min Nam (27o Cc yu t a cht, a hnh v kh hu a dng nh vy

dn n Vit Nam c thm thc vt phong ph, t rng rm nhit i m xanh

quanh nm, rng rm nhit i ma ma na rng l n rng nhit i m

xanh quanh nm, nhit i hi kh, savan nhit i kh, trung nhit i kh,

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rng ngp mn, rng l kim, rng ln ni cao, vv. iu ny dn n s a dng

ca cy c. C- T P H Ch Minh), lng ma trung bnh hng nm ni chung

vt 1.500 mm nhng phn b khng u trong nm, lng ma thng ln hn

2 ln lng bc hi. Kh hu nhit i gi ma c ma ng lnh min Bc

(t v tuyn 18 Bc tr ra) v kh hu nhit i gi ma pha Nam.

Cc yu t a cht, a hnh v kh hu a dng nh vy dn n Vit Nam

c thm thc vt phong ph, t rng rm nhit i m xanh quanh nm, rng

rm nhit i ma ma na rng l n rng nhit i m xanh quanh nm,

nhit i hi kh, savan nhit i kh, trung nhit i kh, rng ngp mn,

rng l kim, rng ln ni cao, vv. iu ny dn n s a dng ca cy c.

1.3.2.1.2. iu kin x hi

Vit Nam l ni giao lu ca cc dn tc v cc nn vn ho trong quan

trng nht l hai lung vn ho Trung Hoa v n , l ngi nh chung ca 54

dn tc, thuc 3 h ngn ng v 8 nhm khc nhau l Vit-Mng, Mn-Khme,

Ty-Thi, H'Mng- Dao, Khaai, Malayo-Polynesian, Hn, Tng-Min. Trong

cng ng ngi Vit (Kinh) c dn s ln nht, ch yu phn b cc vng

chu th.

Cc dn tc cn li ch yu phn b cc khu vc i ni, ni chim n

3/4 din tch c nc, c thnh phn a dng, bao gm cc nhm dn tc Ty-

Thi, Hmng- Dao, Tng Min, vv. min ni pha Bc hin cn b con ang

sinh sng nam Trung Quc, Lo, Thi Lan, Min in; cc nhm dn tc sinh

sng min Trung v min Nam thuc nhnh ngn ng Mn-Khmer c b consinh sng Lo, Campuchia, Thi Lan, vv. nhm cc dn tc sinh sng dc ven

bin min Trung v Ty Nguyn c quan h h hng vi nhng dn c ang sinh

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sng Malaysia, Indonesia. Cc dn tc sinh sng Vit Nam to nn mt hnh

nh thu nh ca khu vc ng Nam .

Mi dn tc c tp qun, nim tin, tri thc v kinh nghim s dng cy c

lm thuc khc nhau. iu ny dn n s a dng v tri thc s dng cy thuc Vit Nam.

1.3.2.2. Ti nguyn thuc Vit Nam

1.3.2.2.1. a dng cy thuc Vit Nam

S loi cy thuc Vit Nam

S loi cy thuc chnh thc c thng k hin nay l 3.850 loi. S loi cy

thuc c pht hin Vit Nam tng lin tc theo thi gian. Theo ti liu ca

Php, trc nm 1952, ton ng Dng c 1.350 loi cy lm thuc, trong 160

h thc vt. B sch Nhng cy thuc v v thuc Vit Nam ca GS. Tt

Li, in ln th 8 (1999) gii thiu 800 cy, con v v thuc. B sch Cy thuc

Vit Nam ca lng y L Trn c (1997) c ghi 830 loi cy thuc. TS. V

Vn Chi, tc gi cun T in cy thuc Vit Nam (1997) thng k khong

3.200 loi lm thuc (k c Nm). Theo s liu iu tra ca Vin dc liu(2003) Vit Nam c 3.850 loi cy thuc. D on, nu c kho st y , s

loi cy thuc Vit Nam c th l 6.000.

Phn b ti nguyn cy thuc Vit Nam

Trong s 1.863 loi cy thuc pht hin trong cc t iu tra su tm trong giai

on t 1961 n 1985, c n 3/4 l cc loi cy mc hoang di, phn b ch

yu cc vng rng ni (khong 700 loi), vng i v trung du (400 loi).

Cc loi cy thuc phn b 8 vng sinh thi trong nc lng Bc- Bc b,

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Vit Bc Hong lin Sn, Ty Bc, ng bng sng Hng, Bc Trung b,

ng

Trng Sn v Nam Trung b, Ty Nguyn, ng Nam b v ng bng sng

Cu

long; tp trung ch yu 5 trung tm a dng sinh vt l Hong Lin Sn, Cc

Phng, Bch M, Yok n, Lm Vin v Ct Tin

1.3.2.2.2. Tri thc s dng cy thuc Vit Nam

Tri thc s dng cy c lm thuc Vit Nam c th c chia thnh 2

loi chnh: (i) trong nn y hc chnh thng, c ngun gc t Trung y, vi cc h

thng l lun v thc hnh c t liu ho trong sch v nh cc hc thuyt

m-dng, ng hnh, tng tng, vv.; (ii) trong cc nn y hc nhn dn, t c

t liu ho hay cha c nghin cu y .

Trong nn y hc chnh thng, c nc c hn 40 bnh vin y hc c truyn

v cc khoa y hc c truyn trong cc bnh vin a khoa. C 5.000 ngi hnh

ngh thuc y hc c truyn vi gn 4.000 c s chn tr ng y. C khong 700loi thng c nhc n trong cc sch ng y, sch v cy thuc, 150-180 v

thuc thng c s dng cc bnh vin y hc c truyn, lng y. Nhu cu

dc liu cho y hc c truyn chnh thng khong 30.000 tn/nm.

Hin tp hp c 39.381 bi thuc kinh nghim dn gian gia truyn

ca 12.531 lng y. Nhiu dc phm c pht trin gn y da trn tri thc

s dng ca cng ng nh Ampelop, da trn tri thc s dng cy Ch dy(Ampelopsis cantoniensis (Hook. Et Arn.) cha bnh ca ngi Ty Cao

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Bng; cy Tt l (Tribulus terrestris L.), da trn tri thc s dng ca ngi

Chm, vv.

Trong cc nn y hc nhn dn, mi cng ng min ni (cp x) thng

bit s dng t 300-500 loi cy c sn c trong khu vc lm thuc. Mi gianh bit s dng t vi n vi chc cy cha cc chng bnh thng thng

cng ng . Mi cng ng thng c 2-5 thy lang (hay hn) c kinh

nghim s dng v s dng s loi nhiu hn. c lng s loi s dng ti cc

cng ng Vit Nam l 6.000.

bo m cng tc chm sc sc kho ban u ti tuyn y t c s, b Y

t ban hnh Danh mc thuc thit yu. Trong Danh mc thuc thit yu ln

th IV, c qui nh 188 v thuc YHCT thit yu v 60 loi cy c lm thuc cn

trng ti tuyn x, gi l thuc Nam thit yu.

1.4. Bo tn v pht trin ti nguyn thuc

1.4.1. Bo tn ti nguyn cy thuc

1.4.1.1. Cc l do cn bo tn ti nguyn cy thuc

Vi nhiu l do khch quan v ch quan, nh chin tranh, trnh nhn thc

ca con ngi cn b hn ch, k c trong cng tc qun l, nn s pht trin

kinh t nc ta cn chm, c bit vng rng ni, ni c ngun ti nguyn

sinh vt phong ph cn bo tn, thu nhp quc dn tnh theo u ngi thp, dn

s li tng. Chng ta phi chn cch khai thc ti nguyn mc d ngun ti

nguyn thin nhin cn li ch c hn, rng ang b thu hp v b ph hoi

nghim trng. Trc yu cu pht trin kinh t, x hi v i sng, chng ta

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ang phi i mt vi mt mu thun gay gt gia cung v cu, gia vic bo

tn v khai thc s dng ngun ti nguyn qu gi ny.

Vo u th k 20, nc ta c khong 60 % din tch c rng che ph.

Trong khong thi gian t nm 1943 n nm 1983 che ph ca rng t

nhin gim t 43% xung 33%. n nm 1995 che ph l 27,5% (trong 12

nm din tch rng b suy gim 1,6 triu ha. chim 15% din tch rng t nhin).

T l b mt rng cao ch yu tp trung vng ng dn c, vng t thp

min Bc v min Nam. T l ny min Trung thp hn. Hin nay ch cn

khong 3% (hoc t hn) rng nhit i cha b xm phm.

Vy ti sao phi phi bo tn ti nguyn cy thuc?. Cc l do chnh phi bo

tn ti nguyn cy thuc bao gm:Cn bng sinh thi: Cc sinh vt trn tri t sng bnh thng nh cn bng

sinh thi lun c duy tr. Hin nay, cn bng ny ang b ph hu v a gy ra

nhiu hu qu nghim trng v khng th lng ht c. V d nh nn l lt,

hn hn, xi mn, vv.

Kinh t: Ti nguyn cy thuc l ngun mu sinh ca nhiu cng ng, nhm

ngi, k cc cc cng ng pht trin ln cc cng ng ngho.Bo v tim nng: Cho n nay ch c cha y 5% s loi cy thuc c

nghin cu. S cn li chc chn cha mt tim nng ln m hin ti cha c

iu kin khm ph.

o c: M i sinh vt sng trn tri t c quyn bnh ng ngang nhau.

Loi ngi khng c quyn bt cc sinh vt phi phc v mnh v quyt nh

sinh vt no c tn ti. Cc sinh vt phi nng ta vo nhau sng.

Vn ho: Cy thuc v tri thc v thc hnh s dng cy c lm thuc l mt

b phn cu thnh cc nn vn ho khc nhau. Bo tn ti nguyn cy thuc l

gp phn bo tn cc nn vn ho v bn sc cc dn tc.

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1.4.1.2. Cc vn e doa ti nguyn thuc i vi mi trng

Ngun ti nguyn cy thuc b e do bi cc nguyn nhn chnh sau:

1.4.1.2.1. Cc mi e do i vi cy thuc

- Tn ph thm thc vt: Thm thc vt b tn ph do p lc ca dn s, sinh k

v cc hot ng pht trin nh m rng t canh tc, khai thc g, lm ng,

xy dng cc cng trnh thu in, vv. Thm thc vt b tn ph dn n tn ph

cy thuc cng nh lm mt ni sng ca chng.

- Khai thc qu mc: L lng khai thc ln hn lng ti sinh t nhin ca cy

thuc. Vic khai thc qu mc ti nguyn cy thuc gy ra bi p lc tng dn s

v nhu cu cuc sng ngy cng tng, khng nhng cho nhu cu trong nc m

cn xut khu. iu ny dn n lng ti nguyn ti sinh khng b p clng b mt i.

- Lng ph ti nguyn cy thuc: L dc liu khai thc khng c s dng ht

hoc s dng khng hiu qu. S lng ph ti nguyn cy thuc gy ra bi hot

ng thu hi mang tnh cht hu dit, iu kin bo qun km, cch s dng lng

ph, thiu cc phng tin vn chuyn v th trng thch hp.

- Nhu cu s dng cy thuc tng ln: Trong thi k thc dn kiu c, cc nn yhc truyn thng b coi r v chn p. Khi ginh c c lp nhiu nc c

chnh sch khuyn khch, khi phc nn y hc truyn thng. iu ny dn n

nhu cu s dng cy c tng ln nhiu ni trn th gii. Mt l do khc l con

ngi ngy cng nhn thy tnh an ton v d s dng ca cy c lm thuc, c

bit t nhng nm cui ca th k 20. Do c xu hng quay tr li s dng

thuc v cc sn phm c ngun gc t cy c.

- Thay i c cu cy trng: Nhiu vn h gia nh t ai xung quanh cng

ng ang b ph i trng cc loi cy trng cao sn phc v nhu cu pht

trin kinh t.

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1.4.1.2.2. Cc mi e do i vi tri thc s dng

- Tri thc s dng cy c lm thuc khng c t liu ho: Hu ht tri thc s

dng cy c lm thuc ca cc cng ng truyn thng c truyn ming t i

ny sangi khc hay t ngi dy ngh sang ngi hc ngh, khng c chi

chp c th lu gi lu di.

- S ph v cc ngun thng tin truyn khu truyn thng: Nhng iu th h tr

hc c ngy nay qua sch v, i, ti vi, vv. trong ch yu nhn mnh cc tri

thc khoa hc. Trong khi cc phng php truyn ngh truyn thng ngy

cng b mai mt. Mt b phn th h tr khng quan tm n tha k tri thc s

dng cy c lm thuc t th h trc. iu ny dn n tri thc s dng b mai

mt.- S pht trin ca cc ch phm hin i v tm l coi thng tri thc truyn

thng: iu ny c t thi k thc dn v tip tc c duy tr mt cch v

thng qua cc phng tin thng tin i chng.

- Xi mn a dng cc nn vn ho.

1.4.1.3. S tham gia trong bo tn thuc

Bo tn ti nguyn cy thuc khng th thnh cng nu n ch l cng vic cacc nh khoa hc t nhin. Cng tc bo tn ti nguyn cy thuc cn phi c s

tham gia ca cc ngnh khc nhau, khng nhng ca cc nh khoa hc, nh qun

l, nh kinh t m cn cn c s tham gia ca ngi dn. S tham gia ca ngi

dn phi l s tham gia tch cc, m khng phi l "i tng nghin cu".

1.4.2.2. Pht trin ngun ti nguyn cy thuc

1.4.2.2.1. Trng trt cy thuc

Mc d nhu cu s dng nguyn liu lm thuc rt ln, nhng ch yu c

khai thc t cy hoang di, ch c khong 20% c khai thc t cy thuc

trng. Cho n nay, vic trng cy thuc ch yu da theo cch canh tc c, v

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vy m cht lng dc liu khng n nh v nhiu khi khng t tiu chun.

khc phc yu im ny, cn trng cy thuc theo quy trnh GAP tiu

chun ha dc liu cho sn xut thuc v s dng.

Ni dung c bn ca GAP bao gm:

- iu kin mi trng t nhin:Cy thuc cng nh cc loi cy trng khc u

sinh trng v pht trin trong nhng iu kin mi trng thch hp (kh hu,

nh sng, a hnh, cht t v nc, m, vv). c bit, mt s loi cy thuc

cn c tnh a phng v khu vc rt cao.

- Ging cy thuc: Ngoi vic xc nh ng chng loi v ngun gc cy thuc,

cn cn tuyn chn loi ging tt nht a vo trng trt. y l mt trong

nhng khu quan trng c dc liu cht lng cao, k c nhng loi cthun ha v trng lu i.

- Trng trt v chm sc: Ngoi vic xc nh ng thi v trng, cn bao gm

nhiu cng on t chun b cy ging (gieo ht, gim hom, vv.), chun b t,

phn bn v cch bn phn, ti tiu nc, chm sc v qun l ng rung,

phng tr su bnh, vv. Mi cng on li c cc tiu chun ring.

- Thu hi v s ch:Cn thu hi vo giai on cy c hm lng hot cht cao

nht; Cch thu hi v dng c thu hi nh th no khng lm gy, lm gip

nt dc liu. Cch lm kh nh phi nng, sy, hay phi trong bng rm, vv.

bo m cht lng dc liu.

- Cch bao gi, v n chuyn v bo qun:Kho cha dc liu ni chung phi

thong, mt, chng mc, mt v khng lm thay i mu sc, mi v ca dc

liu.

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- H s ca dc liu:Cn lp h s cho bit r tn dc liu, hm lng hot

cht c trong , m, tp cht v cc tiu chun lin quan nh hnh dng, mu

sc, mi v.

1.4.2.2.2. Pht trin cy thuc da trn tri thc truyn thng

Trong vi chc nm tr li y, khoa hc k thut hin i pht trin rt nhanh

chng thc y s tin b ca nhiu ngnh khoa hc. Qua , Ty y cng c

s tin b vt bc v hu nh chim lnh ton th gii. Nhiu quc gia, ch

yu nhng nc pht trin, h thng Ty y ln t v thay th Y Dc hc

truyn thng. c bit, Y hc truyn thng ca cc quc gia ang pht trin phi

i mt vi nguy c b mai mt, trong tri thc y hc gia truyn ang ng

trc tnh trng b e do ln nht.Vy phi lm g?:

- iu tra v t liu ha tri thc Y hc gia truyn bn a.

- Gio dc th h tr c thc hc hi, tip thu kinh nghim t cc th h trc,

bit coi trng nhng iu m chng hc c khng ch nh trng m c gia

nh v cng ng.

- Tng bc hin i ha thuc gia truyn ca cc dn tc thiu s cho ph hpvi xu th ca thi i. Thu hp khong cch gia Ty y v ng y ni chung,

lm sao thuc gia truyn tin s dng, c hiu qu, dtm kim khi cn,

nhng vn gi c bn sc dn tc, ph hp vi truyn thng v kh nng kinh

t ca cng ng.

- Chia s li ch c c t khai thc v pht trin dc phm t cy c da trn

tri thc truyn thng mt cch hp l v cng bng.

Hin nay, ngun ti nguyn di truyn v tri thc truyn thng (c bit i

vi cy thuc) ang b ngi ngoi cng ng khai thc sinh li, nhng

ngun li ny li khng c chia s mt cch cng bng v hp l, thm ch

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bn cung cp ti nguyn (ch yu l ngi dn) cn b ng ngoi cuc. Mc d

cc b lut v quyn s hu tr tu c xy dng v thc hin nghim ngt

nhiu lnh vc, nhiu quc gia, hin cha c khung php l trong s hu tri thc

truyn thng v cy c lm thuc. Vn vn ang c tranh lun khng

nhng trong nc m cn trong khu vc v quc t gia cc nc cng nghip

pht trin v cc nc ang pht trin, ngay nh quyn s hu thuc c nhn,

gia nh, cng ng, quc gia hay ton th gii?.

Mc d vy, trong thc t ti cng ng, hu ht nhng ngi nm gi tri

thc s dng cy c lm thuc c cuc sng, nim tin v mt phn hay tt c

ngun thu nhp kinh t ph thuc vo tri thc v kinh nghim ca h. V vy,

cn phi gi b mt v tri thc v kinh nghim ca c nhn hay ca cng ng vquan tm n chia s li ch mt cch hp l v cng bng.

Trong khi vn cn tranh ci v ch i h thng lut php, cn lu n vn

da trn nn tng o c.

Chng 2: I TNG V PHNG PHP NGHIN CU

1. i tng nghin cu

1.1. Rau v gia v

Rau khng ch l thc phm hang ngy c con ngi s dng lm

thc n cung cp thc n v ha cht m rt nhiu loi cn c nhiu cng dng

khc c kh nng lm thuc .chng hn nh rau dn b huyt li tiu; rau lang

cha to bn, nhun trng; rau m gii c, mt gan

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Cy gia v cng vy khng ch lm cho mn n thm ngon hp dn m

a s cy gia v l nhng cy thuc c lm thuc ph bin trong dn gian:

hnh, ti, gng, x.y l ngun nguyn liu qu gi cho ngnh dc liu ca

nc ta.

1.2 Ht v c

y l hai sn phm c kt tinh qua qu trnh pht trin ca cy ni

d tr nhiu cht dinh dng. ht cn cung cp nhiu khong v vitamin c bit

l protein v lipit kh cao nh ht cy h u, ht mC l ni tch ly tinh

bt, cung cp nng lng cho hot ng ca con ngi, gi tr dinh dng cao

nh: khoai lang, m, khoai ty

1.3. Hoa quL phn tinh hoa ca cy, Hoa tng trng cho v p s thanh thot

nh nhng v hiu qu s dng hoa cng tng t nh vy.nhng thc phm

dc liu c lm t hoa khng ch lm p m nhiu loi l thuc an thn,gii

nhit nh hoa thin l. Qa l sinh t gip p da cha mt s bnh thng

thng:to bn ,kh tiu, gii c

1.4.Cy, r, lThng thng l nhng cy thuc nam c trng trong vn hay nhng

cy hoang di mc nhiu ni.V d nh:r qut gai dng ngm ru tr c

nc c ca rn cn;l m cha tr kit l i tin ra mu; cy l m lm mt

mu huyt, tn nhit cm mu

Nhn chung thc vt rt k diu,n khng ch l ngun thc phm qu gi

cho ng vt v con ngi m ng thi chnh n l nhng dc liu cn thit

trong i sng ,gip con ng cha c v s bnh . Hn na thc vt li rt

ph bin,d tm v d kim

2.Phng php nghin cu:

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2.1.Kinh nghim t cuc sng:

Ngay t lc con nh chng ta lm quen s dng nhiu loi thuc t

thc vt do ng b,cha m truyn li nn tch ly c mt s kinh nghim.

Qua va chm thc t, chng ta hc hi v tip thu nhiu bi thuc

qu,gp phn nng cao kin thc hiu bit ca con ngi.

2.2.T sch bo,tp ch:

T lu sch vn l ngi bn tri k ca con ngi,bo ,tp ch cung cp

cho ta nhng thng tin hng ngy gip ta c c mt s hiu bit v thuc.Mt

s sch, bo , tp ch thng dng: sch y hc v i sng, sch cy thuc Vit

Nam,tp ch sc khe,tp ch y hc

2.3.T internet:Internet l phng tin thng tin ph bin nht hin nay,thng tin lun

c cp nht hng ngy,hng gi. V vy vic nghin cu v tim hiu ti liu

trn mng l mt iu rt d dng. Trang internet thng dng:google.com.vn.

Chng 3: KT QU NGHIN CU

A- NI DUNG NGHIN CU.

1. M t.

+ Tn gi thng thng (nu c).

+ Tn khoa hc (nu c).

+ M t v hnh thi gii phu, cc c im c trng, hnh nh.2. Tnh cht.

3. Cng dng.

+ Thnh phn chnh, cc thnh phn c tc dng cha bnh.

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+ Cng dng cha bnh.

+ Mt s bi thuc ng dng.

B- KT QU.

1. RAU V GIA V

1.1. CI B TRNG

1.1.1. M t

Cc loi ci nh Ci tho, Ci tha u thuc h chung vi Ci b trng. Thuc

loi cy tho, l phnh to di gc, cao khong 23 cm, mu xanh nht hay trng,

c nhiu gn, cung dy mu trng cha nhiu nc. Hoa nh, mu vng ti

mc trn cc cung nh cao.

1.1.2.Tnh cht

Cy l v ngt, tnh mt, khng c. Ht v cay, tnh m.

1.1.3.Cng dng

Rau ci trng cha nhiu cht b v vitamin, c bit l vitamin C.

Ci b trng khng ch gip ci thin chng au d dy, n cn c li cho

nhng ngi b nhc u, lnh bng di...

Sau y l mt s bi thuc vi l hoc ht ci trng:

+ au d dy: Dng l ci ra sch trong nc mui, p ti ly nc ung

ngy 2 - 3 ln. Ung kin tr s thy bnh thuyn gim.

+ Nhc u: Ly mt nhm ht ci trng tn thnh bt, trn vi cht gim, xoa

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ln gy v hai bn thi dng, s .

+ Lnh bng di: Ly ht ci trng khong 40 gr, sao hi vng, tn bt mn

ri qut vi cm np, ha thnh vin bng ht u xanh. Ung ngy 2 - 3 ln,

mi ln 10 vin vi nc gng.

1.2. CI B XANH

1.2.1. M t

Cn gi l Ci canh, thuc loi thn tho, l to nhiu gn, mu xanh, cung

chy dc theo thn, mu trng, mp l c rng ca to v th. Ht ci hnh cu,

mu nu en. Hoa mu vng, mc u cnh hay k l.

1.2.2. Tnh cht

Ci b xanh c tnh n, v cay, thuc vo kinh ph t,

khng c. Ht c v cay,

tnh m.

1.2.3Cng dng

Thnh phn dinh dng trong ci xanh cng kh cao, c bit l thnh phn

dip hong t v vitamin K. Ngoi ra, ci xanh cn c rt nhiu vitamin A, B, C,

D, cht caroten, anbumin, a-xit nicotic...C tc dng gii chng cm hn, thng

m, li kh... Ht c tc dng tr cc chng phong hn, ho c m, hen, vim

hng, tr, mn nht,

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Thng dng thn, l nu cc mn n, c tc dng cha bnh nh.

+ Mn canh tht b nu ci xanh, thm cht gng li rt thch hp cho nhng

ngi thng xuyn b au nhc xng ct. Mn n ny cng tt cho nhng

ngi thng xuyn b au u, gii c cm mo, phong hn, n lnh.

+ Khi b ho phong hn, nhiu m, dng thn l ci xanh nh nu cho n rt

tt.

+ Bnh y hi, kh chu, ly ci xanh non chn nc si, cho thm du, mui,

v t ru trn u ri n, hoc gi nt p ly nc ung. Vi nhng bnh nhn

mc bnh gout, mi ngy u n nu ci xanh ung thay nc lc, c th thi racht acid uric, gim thiu au n r rt.

Ht cng c tc dng cha bnh nh.

+ Vim hng: Ht ci b xanh gi nt, ha vi t nc cho sn st, p thuc

vo di vng hu ri bng li. Kh thuc li thay t mi.

+ Phong hn: Ht ci b xanh mt bt con, tn bt, sc vi hai bt gim n

khi cn na bt, bi di gc hm.

+ Tiu chy: Ly mt t ht ci b xanh tn mn, thm nc cho sn st, p

ln rn.

1.3. CI HOA

1.3.1. M t

Tn khoa hc: Brassica Oleracea L. thuc h ci Brassicaceae.

Ci hoa hay cn gi l sp l. C hai loi sp l xanh v sp l trng. Thn to

khe. Chm hoa gm nhiu hoa nh li ti, phn b trn cc u nhnh mu trng

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c. c du nhp t Chu u.

1.3.2. Tnh cht

V ngt , tnh bnh, khng c.

1.3.3. Cng dngThnh phn dinh dng ca sp l gm c protein, gluxit, xenllulo, ngoi ra c

nhiu khong cht, vitamin nh: Canxi, photpho, st, natri, Betacaroten, vitamin

B1, vitamin C.

Sp l c hai loi l sp l trng v sp l xanh. V thnh phn dinh dng, ni

chung hai loi sp l u tng t nh nhau.

Sp l l thc phm rt tt cho mt s bnh:

+ D dy hnh t trng b lot: Sp l ti ra sch, xay vt nc. Ung 200ml

trc ba n, ung nng. Ngy 2 ln, 10 ngy l 1 t iu tr.

+ Thn kinh suy nhc, b thn b no: Sp l ra sch, ct nh cho thm go

np nu cho.

+ Huyt p cao, bnh nhi mu c tim: Sp l, ng trng, gim va , cho

thm t mui lm ci bp dm m n.

1.4. CN NC

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1.4.1. M t

Cn nc hay cn gi l cn ta.

L loi thn tho, thn nhn v rng, c t v kha dc, di t 0,3-1 m. L mc

ging lng chim, hnh thoi hay mc, c chp nhn. Hoa mu trng, qu hnh tr

thun, c bn cnh li.

1.4.2. Tnh cht

V ngt, tnh mt, khng c.

1.4.3. Cng dng

- Chn b nt n, hy ly 250 l rau cn ty sc vi 1 lt nc ngm chn.

- B cao huyt p hoc ho lu ngy khng khi, c th ly rau cn ta ra sch,

gi nt, vt ly nc ung ngy 2 ln trong 5-7 ngy, c th ung vi mt ong.

- Cha tiu but, tiu ra mu: Rau cn ta c r, ti, ra sch, gi nt, vt ly

nc ung hng ngy, cng nhiu cng tt.- Cha lot ming, vim hng, khn ting: Sc ming hng ngy bng nc p

l cn ty.

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- Cha cao huyt p: Mi ngy dng vi cy cn ty ti ra sch, thi nh, vt

ly nc ung; hoc phi dc liu trong bng rm ri sc ung.

1.5. CN TY

1.5.1. M t

Tn khoa hc Apium Graveolens L. thuc h hoa tn Apiaceae.

Cn gi l dng kh thi. L cy thn tho, mc ng, nhn, c nhiu rnh

rc, cc cnh mc chia u hai bn. L chia lm ba thy hnh tam gic, c kha

bn cnh, l gia v l ngn khng c cung.

1.5.2. Tnh cht

V ngt, hi cay, tnh mt, khng c.

1.5.3. Cng dng

Cn ty tng sc khng, cha suy nhc thn kinh, phng nga cao huyt

p, ri lon tiu ha, gan, thnc nhiu li ch cho sc khe.

Dng trong suy nhc c th, tiu ho km, mt khong, cao huyt p, thp

khp, si thn, si niu o, gan vng da, suy nhc thn...

Nhng cch ch bin rau theo ring

+ Mi ngy n sng khong 20 40 g cn ty trong cc ba c th gip cha

chng n kh tiu, n khng ngon ming v gip gim cn, chng bo ph.

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+ Nc ct rau cn ty dng sc ming c th cha vim hng, khn ting, l

ming.

+ Mn canh rau cn ty tht heo rt c ch cho ngi cao huyt p, suy nhc

thn kinh, suy nhc c th.

1.6. CNG CUA

1.6.1. M t

Cn gi l rau cn cua, n kim, n but, cc o, qu chm tho...

Thuc loi thn tho, thn cha nhiu nc hi nht, nh v nhn, phn nhiu

nhnh. L mc so le, hnh tri tim, hi nhn u, c mu xanh trong. Hoa

mc thnh chm di u cy. Qu nh, c mi nhn cng.1.6.2. Tnh cht

V ng, tnh bnh.

1.6.3. Cng dng

Thnh phn dinh dng cao nh protein, cellulose, cc vitamin v cc khng

cht. c bit trong rau Cng Cua c hm lng Beta-Caroten.

C tc dng thanh nhit, gii c, khu phong, hot huyt, tan mu . Thngdng cha cc bnh nhim trng ng h hp, vim hng, vim rut tha,

vim gan truyn nhim, vim d dy - rut, tiu ha km, au nhc xng

khp, st rt. N cn c dng ngoi cha rn cn, nht l, chn thng sng

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au.

1.7. C RT

1.7.1. M t

Thuc loi cy thn tho. L c bn hp, hoa tp hp thnh tn kp, mu trng

hay hng. Ht c rt c v cng v lng che ph. C mu da cam.

1.7.2. Tnh cht

Tnh bnh, v ngt, c mi thm nh, hi the v hng.

1.7.3. Cng dng

C rt cha nhiu Vitamin A loi vitamin rt cn thit cho sc khe con ngi,

tng cng th gic vgpphn ng k vo s tr trung mm mi ca da.

C cha nhiu carotenoid l cc cht quan trng ngn nga v gp phn hnch s pht trin ca t bo ung th, do kh nng chng xy ha.

Mt s cng dng ch yu ca c rt.

+ Tiu ha: C rt c hiu qu trong cha tr chng tiu chy tr em.

+ Tng trng: Cc carotenoid rt tt cho s tng trng ca tr t nh cho

n khi dy th nu trong ch n c b sung c rt.

+ Chng ung th: C chuyn gia khuyn ch cn n hng ngy mt c c rt l

c th phng nga hu hiu bnh ung th phi.

+ Ngoi ra, c rt cn c tc dng phng chng bnh qung g, nht l chng

kh mt dn n m la.

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+ C rt cn c tc dng min dch, h ng huyt, lm gim cholesterol,

phng chng bo ph, bo v da.

1.8. C CHUA

1.8.1. M t

Cy c chua c tn khoa hc l Lycopesium esculentum, h C Solanaceae.

Thn trn, c nhiu nhnh nh. L kp, mc hnh lng chim. Hoa mu vng.

Qu c cha nhiu vitamin C nn c v chua. Qu c chua mng, khi chn c

mu vng hoc , c nhiu hnh dng: trn, dt, c cnh, c mi

1.8.2. Tnh cht

Tnh mt, v chua ngt, khng c.1.8.3. Cng dng

Trong c chua cha nhiu vitamin A, C, B1, B2. Cha nhiu m, ng,

khong vi lng nn rt tt cho dinh dng c th.

Mt s tc dng ca c chua.

- Cha lot ming, ngm nc p c chua ngy vi ln, mi ln vi pht.- Cha mn nht l lot: Ly ngn cy c chua ra sch, gi nt, thm vi ht

mui, p ln ni tn thng ri bng li. Mi ngy lm vi ln cho n khi

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khi.

- Cha vim lot d dy: Nc p c chua v nc p khoai ty mi th 150

ml, trn u, ung vo bui sng v ti hng ngy.

- Cha st cao km theo kht nc: C chua 200 g thi lt, sc nc ung thay

tr trong ngy, ung lnh hay nng u c.

- Cha vim gan mn tnh: C chua 250 mg ra sch, thi ming, tht b 100

g thi mng, xo n hng ngy. Mn n ny c tc dng h tr tt trong iu tr

vim gan mn tnh, gip c th nhanh hi phc.

1.9. CHANH1.9.1. M t

Cy chanh c tn khoa hc l citrus limonia osbeck.

Loi cy nh, c nhiu gai, l hnh tri xoan hay di, c kha rng ca. Hoa

mu trng hoc tm. Qu hnh trn, ma xanh, khi chn c mu vng, trong c

mi cha cht chua.

1.9.2. Tnh cht

L, r, v, qu chanh u c v thm, cay the, tnh m. Nc qu chanh v

chua, tnh mt.1.9.3. Cng dng

Trong nc chanh c cha axit citric, sinh t C, sinh t B1, riboflavin, kali...

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Ton b cy chanh nh: l, r, thn, qu u c tc dng cha bnh.

- Chanh pha nc ung tr gii cm v b dng.Nc chanh + ng hay

nc chanh + mt ong.

- Chanh hp vi mt ong v gng tr c chng bnh ho.

- V chanh dng nh thuc b gan v bao t, vy n chanh c v ln ht s tt

cho gan.

- Ht chanh vi mt ong lm thuc ty giun cho tr em.

- Chanh n vi trng g cha c bnh ci xng ca tr em v bnh xng

xp ni nhng ngi ln tui.

- R cy chanh tr bnh tiu chy, ng c v thc n, bnh gan v chng c

cc cht phng x. Nhng ung v rt ng.

1.10. DP C

1.10.1. M t

Tn khoa hc ca dp c l Houttuynia cordata Thunb, thuc h l dp

saururaceae.

Cn c tn l rau dip c. Thuc loi c nh, mc ni m t. Thn ng, c

lng. L mc cch, hnh tri tim, hoa mu trng. Khi v nt c mi tanh.1.10.2. Tnh cht

Tnh cay hi lnh, mi tanh, li tiu.

1.10.3. Cng dng

C tc dng cha tr, inh nht, si, au mt do vi khun m xanh, b tiu

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tin, ph n kinh nguyt khng u.

- Cha bnh tr: Rau dip c dng n sng hng ngy - kt hp ly dip c gi

nt v rt vo ni b tr, bng li mi ngy 1 n 2 ln rt tt.

- Cha i but i dt: Rau dip c, rau m, rau m mi th 50g ra sch,

v nt lc ly nc trong ung nhiu ngy s khi.

- Cha tr ln si: Rau dip c mt nm sao s, sc ung s tit nc - khng ti

pht.

- Cha kinh nguyt khng u: L dip c 30 - 40g sc ung thng xuyn s

khi.

1.11. RAU DN

1.11.1. M t

C hai loi dn cm v dn u c tnh cht nh nhau. Thuc loi thn tho,

mc ng. L hnh bu dc, nhn u. Hoa mc nch l, hnh trn, di

tha, trn dy v cui cng l mt chm hoa mc thnh chui.

1.11.2. Tnh cht

Rau dn v ngt, tnh lnh, khng c.

1.11.3. Cng dng

C tc dng gip d sinh, tr l mi, l lot do sn n v st trng, kh c ncong, rn.

Mt s tc dng c th nh sau:

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- Tr chng mu nng sinh kit l, l lot: Dng rau dn luc chn ti, n c

nc ln ci. Mi ngy n khong 15-20 g, n trong vi ngy l khi. Nu mc

chng ho lu ngy, dai dng khng khi th bi thuc ny cng tr c.

- Tr rn cn: Ly rau dn gi nt, vt ly khong 1 bt nc cho ung, cn

b p ln vt thng.

- Cha ong t: Nu b ong t th ly rau dn v nt, xt vo vt t l khi.

Lu : Khng nn n tht ba ba cng vi rau dn v theo ng y, vic 2 th

ny kt hp vi nhau c th gy c.

1.12. RAU DN C

1.12.1. M t

Thuc loi thn tho, r cha cht dinh dng phng to thnh c, mu

thm, c t lng l r thoi ha. Thn ng, L hnh bu dc thun nhn v pha

u, mu xanh lc. Hoa mu xanh, mc thnh chui.

1.12.2. Tnh cht

V ngt, hi nhn, tnh hn, khng c.

1.12.3. Cng dng

C dn cn c gi tr dinh dng cao, cht st, axit folic, calcium, vitamin C,

A, B6 v cc nguyn t vi lng khong cht kali, phospho, ma-gi

Kh nng ngn nga try tim mch v ung th hiu qu. Cha nhiu cht x

gip h cholesterol, chng oxy ha c tc dng tt vi tim.

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N cn c chc nng bo v gan ti u nh cht betaine h tr cho ngi gi

suy yu, mt sc, gii th m, chng u oi, mt mi.

Cha cc bnh v lao phi, vim ph qun, tr ho c m c v h ng

huyt. Ly200gr c dn , nguyn v, ra sch, xt thnh tng c 2cm,

nu vi 250gr xng ng heo hoc phi heo ti, 20gr bch tuc, 1 bp chui

50gr nu trong 0,5 lt nc. si nh, chia lm 3 phn n trong ngy.

1.13. RAU AY

1.13.1. M t

Tn khoa hc Corchorus olitorius L, thuc h Gai (Tiliaceae).

Cn gi l ay qu trn. Thuc thn tho, thng ng, l mc so le, hnh bu

dc di. Mp l c rng ca, di phin l c hai rng ca ln. Hoa mc k

l, hoa mu vng. Qu nh, hnh bu dc, c 10 cnh.

1.13.2. Tnh cht

R v l v ng, tnh mt. Ht v ng tnh mt, t c.

1.13.3. Cng dng

Thnh phn ho hc: Rau ay cha protid, lipid, cellulose v cc khong cht.

Qu cha vitamin C. Ht cha 2 digitalin glucosid l corchoroside A vcorchoroside B, mt cht ng l corechorin.

Rau ay rt hiu qu trong iu tr hen suyn, thng kinh nguyt.

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Ngoi ra, n cn c th cha 1 s chng bnh di y:

- Cha trng nng: Ly 1 nm rau ay ti, ra sch, gi nt, vt ly nc ct

cho bnh nhn ung.

- Cha to bn: Ly 10 - 20g l rau ay, sc ly nc, chia lm 2 - 3 ln ung

trong ngy.

- Cha b tiu tin: Dng 2 nm rau ay cho vo m nu ln ly nc ung

nhiu ln trong ngy.

1.14. U BP

1.14.1 M t

Thuc loi thn tho, mc cao ti 2m, thn c nhiu lng. L hnh chn vt, chia

lm nhiu thy, mp l c rng ca. Hoa mu , vng, mc k l. Qu di c

nhiu vt lm xung nh hnh a gic. Ht trn nh, mu trng c.

1.14.2. Tnh cht

V ngt nht, tnh mt, khng c.

1.14.3. Cng dng

u bp rt di do cht x, mang n nhiu li ch cho sc khe, bao gm c

vic thc y gim cn, kim sot lng ng trong mu, nga to bn vbnh tr, ci thin tiu ha, gim mc cholesterol nn gip phng bnh cao

huyt p, nhi mu c tim, gim nguy c ung th rut kt.

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Cht nhy cha trong u bp cn c tc dng nhun trng, gim au, gim

vt lot trong chng vim sng.

Cha nhiu axit folic, l cht dinh dng cn thit cho nhiu chc nng ca c

th, c bit i vi nhng ph n mang thai, v gip phng nga khuyt tt

ng thn kinh v cc d tt bm sinh khc thai nhi.

Ngoi ra, u bp cn cha nhiu vitamin A, vitamin C, canxi, kali, magi

gip duy tr s khe mnh cho da, tc v i mt, tng cng h thng min

dch cho c th.

1.15. GI

1.15.1. M t

Thn trn, trng, xp. Trn u c nh hai mnh hnh ht u, gia l chi

non. Cui l r, mu hi xm

1.15.2. Tnh cht

Gi c v ngt, nht, hng, hi tanh, tnh mt.

1.15.3. Cng dng

c coi l ngun rau sch, gip tng tui th.C tc dng thanh nhit, gii

c, li tiu, ch kht, tiu thc.

Hng ngy nu n nhiu gi sng s rt tt cho sc khe, gip ph n trnh

sy thai khi mang thai. Lng vitamin E trong gi rt cn thit cho c th, trong

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trng hp thiu nng sinh dc v kh sinh .

Ph n t sa sau khi sinh n gi sng cng lm tng tit sa. n nhiu gi cn

bo v c t bo ca c th ngn nga qu trnh lo ha, ko di tui th.

cha ng c thc n v kim loi, chng b i, say ru, ung nc p

gi sng pha thm ng.

n gi xanh hng ngy c kh nng lm da mt bt kh, chng np nhn.

1.16. HNH

1.16.1. M t

Hay cn gi l hnh l. Thuc loi thn tho, l hnh tr, mu xanh m,

rng. Hoa mc thnh cm trn trn cung cao, bao hoa mu trng c sc xanh.

1.16.2. Tnh cht

V cay, tnh nng, mi thm nng.

1.16.3. Cng dng

Hnh l v thuc cha bnh rt cng hiu, tt cho ngi mc bnh v ng

h hp, bnh hen suyn, chng mt ng v gim cholesterol.

- Cc hp cht t nhin c trong hnh c tc dng lm du nhng cn ho, long

m v kh m rt hiu qu. Hnh tt cho nhm ngi mc bnh hen suyn,vim ph qun, lao, vim xoang v cc chng bnh nhim trng v ng h

hp.

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Hnh ty c tc dng h huyt p, c li cho tim mch.

- Hnh l thc phm kim dc phm tt cho h thng tiu ho, chng to bn,

y hi v tro ngc axt d dy, ngn nga cc chng bnh vim nhim

ng rut rt hiu qu.

- Nc p hnh trn vi mt ong nguyn cht c tc dng cha bnh khn

ting v ho rt tt.

- Nc p hnh c tc dng lm lnh vt thng hn ch mng m do tc dng

khng khun c trong hnh.

- Nc p hnh v ti c tc dng tch cc trong vic chng mt ng.

1.17. GNG

1.17.1. M t

Cao khong 0,5m, l mng,trn lng, l di v nhn u. C nm trong t,

bn trong mu vng, c x

1.17.2. Tnh cht

C v cay, tnh m, khng c.

1.17.3. Cng dng

- Chng nn: Nhai dp ri ngm 1-2 lt gng ti c tc dng chng nn rt

hiu qu m an ton.

- Phng nga cm mo: Trong nhng ngy lnh gi hy ngm 1 lt gng ti,

thnh thong nhm cho ra nc cay trnh c cm lnh.

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- Cha ho: C th dng gng qua cc chng sau y:

+ Ho v nhim lnh: c th dng nc sc gng vi 2 v thuc v cam qut

v t v qu ung.

+ Ho lu khng khi c th dng nc sc gng pha vi mt ong; pha vi

nc ma hoc c th pha vi nc sm, nc inh lng...

+ Ho khc khc, thnh thong ra mu c th dng bi thuc: gng 1 phn,

tinh tre 2 phn, ngi cu 2 phn sc ung lu di cng vi bi dng c th.

- Ri lon tiu ha: Gng gip h thng tiu ha lm vic tt hn nh kh nng

kch thch tit nc bt, dch mt, kch thch s vn chuyn trong ng tiu

ha.Gng cng lm gim bi tit dch v, c ch s co bp d dy, c ch s

pht trin ca cc loi vi trng gy bnh d dy.

- Gim au, khng vim: Mi ti p b gng, ngm tay chn trong nc gng

long 15-20 pht c th cha c cc chng vim khp.

- Cha bt lc sinh l: C th nhm dp 1 lt gng ti ri ngm trc khi ln

ging.

1.18. H

1.18.1. M tCy h c tn gi l cu thi, khi dng tho... Thuc loi thn tho, c mi

hc nh. Thn cy l tp hp cc phn di ca l, c nhiu r con. L dy hp

v di nh li kim. Hoa mc trn mt cung cao, hnh 3 cnh, c nhng ln

dc, mu trng. Ht h mu en, kch thc nh.

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1.18.2. Tnh cht

L h ti c tnh nhit, nhng khi nu chn n li c tnh n (m), v cay.

Ht v r h cng c tnh m, v cay ngt.

1.18.3. Cng dng

Trong l h c rt nhiu cht x, c tc dng gim ng huyt, gim m mu,

nga x m ng mch, bo v tuyn ty.

Ngoi ra cn c tc dng n trung, hnh kh, tn c, cha ho cho tr, tiu ha

km, tr sng au, ra m hi trm, i tiu nhiu ln... Cn ht v r h cng c

tnh m, v cay ngt, i vo kinh can, thn, cha i dm, to bn, tr giunkim... C h tc dng n trung, kin v, hnh kh...

Mt s n thuc c s dng cy h:

- Cha ho tr em: Ly l h ti em ct nh, cho ng phn vo cng mt

bt, sau cho vo ni cm hp chn. Cho tr ung dn trong ngy 2 - 3 ln.

- Cha hen suyn (kh th): L h mt nm gi nt, ly nc ung hay sc ln

ung.- Cha chng to bn: Ht h rang vng, gi nh. Mi ln ung 5g. Ha nc

si ung ngy 3 ln.

- Tr giun kim: R h mt nm gi ly nc cho ung.

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- Cha ra m hi trm: L h ti 200g, tht rn 100g. Hai th em cng hp

chn, nm gia v va n. Cn dng hng ngy.

- i tiu nhiu ln: L h, cy t hng xanh, ng v t, phc bn t, cu k t,

n trinh t. Mi v 40g, em phi kh tn bt, mi ln ung 6g. Ngy ung 2

ln vi nc m.

1.19. HNG CHANH

1.19.1. M t

N cn c tn l rau thm lng, rau tn l dy (min Nam), dng t t. Thn

tho, mc ng, c lng t mm. Hoa mu ta, mc thnh chm u ngn.

Ht trn, mu nu, c t lng t.

1.19.2. Tnh cht

Mi thm nh chanh, v cay, tnh m.

1.19.3. Cng dng

- cha chy mu cam, c th ly hng chanh 20 g, l trc b sao en 15 g,

hoa he sao en 10 g, cam tho t 15 g; sc ung ngy mt thang. ng thi

ly l hng chanh em v nt, nht vo bn mi chy mu.

Mt s bi thuc Nam thng dng trong dn gian:- Cm cm, cm st, nng rt, nhc u, nght mi, ho m: Hng chanh 15-

20 g gi vt ly nc ct ung; hoc thm gng, hnh mi v 12 g cng sc

ung v xng cho ra m hi.

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- St cao khng ra m hi: Hng chanh 20 g, l ta t 15 g, gng ti 5 g ct

lt mng, cam tho t 15 g. Sc ung nng cho ra m hi.

- Ho, vim hng: Hi vi l hng chanh, nhai, ngm, nut nc.

- Vim hng, vim thanh qun: Hng chanh 20 g, kim ngn hoa 15 g, si t

15 g, c gi qut 12 g, cam tho t 12 g. Sc ung ngy mt thang.

- D ng, ni m ay: L hng chanh nhai nut nc, b th p hay xoa xt.

1.20. HNG QU

1.20.1. M t

Thuc loi thn tho, thn vung, mu tm . L mc i, mu xanh m,

dy, c nhiu gn, hnh thoi di. Hoa mc thnh chm trn u cy. Ton cy

c mi thm c trng.

1.20.2. Tnh cht

V cay, tnh m, mi thm nng.

1.20.3. Cng dng

Hng qu l loi ra cha c nhiu bnh. c bit c kh nng cha bnh st

rt.

Hng Qu nh mt loi thuc chng co tht th gin c trn trong cc

chng nhc u, au bng. Hng Qu cn c dng iu tr cc bnh

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ngrut nh trng bng, y hi, bun nn v c say tu xe.

Hng Qu cng lm th gin cc co tht ph qun, gip iu tr cc bnh h

hp. V cay ca Hng Qu khch thch to ra nc bt c kh nng gip c th

tiu ho thc n.

1.21. C KIU

1.21.1. M t

C kiu cn c tn gi khc tiu ton (ti nh), tiu cn ton, d ton, i u

thi t, ha thng...

Thuc loi thn tho, thn mu trng, c nhiu vy trng bao bc. Pha di

phnh to nh c hnh. L hp, di, cong lm gia, c mu xanh lc. Hoa mc

thnh chm trn cung, c mu hng hay tm.

1.21.2. Tnh cht

C kiu c v cay, ng, tnh m.

1.21.3. Cng dng

Ngoi lm thc n c kiu cn dng lm thuc phng cha nhiu bnh. Ngi

dn ni rng ni, rt mt, m thp rt a dng loi tho dc ny. C tc

dng thng hot li, thng dng, tn kt, hnh kh, gim au, lm m bngdng cha vim mi mn tnh, nn khan, sng au c khp, cha bng, cha

au bng, tc ngc kh th...

Mt s bi thuc t c kiu:

- Cha vim mi mn tnh: C kiu 9g, tn di hoa 6g, mc qua 9g, 3 v ra

sch em nu nc ung trong ngy.

- Cha tc ngc kh th: C kiu 15g gi nt, thm gia v v nc trn vi 1

bt cho go k, thm t du vng n, dng vo bui sng v ti lin tc

trong 7 ngy.

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- Tr chng nn khan: C kiu 1 nm, nc 500ml em sc cn 250ml, ung

ngy 3 ln sng, tra, ti lin tc trong 3 ngy.

- Sn ph b kit l: C kiu ti em xo vi bu dc ln, n trong 5 ngy.

- Cha sng au c khp: C kiu 20g gi nt ha vi gim, o u hm

nng p ln ch khp sng au. Ngy p 2 ln.

1.22. KINH GII

1.22.1. M t

Cn gi l gi t. Thuc loi tho, mc ng, hnh vung 4 gc. L mc i,

hnh tri xoan, mp c rng ca. Hoa mc thnh chm trn cung, mu xanh

hay tm nht.

1.22.2. Tnh cht

Cy kinh gii c v cay, tnh m, mi thm nng.

1.22.3. Cng dng

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C tc dng lm ra m hi, li tiu, cha nng st, cm gi, cha bnh d ng,

sao en cm huyt.

Mt s ng dng cha bnh t kinh gii:

- Phi dng vi bc h, ngn hoa, tang dip dng tn lng, gii biu.

- Phi dng vi phng phong, ng quy, xuyn khung, t cnh (cnh ta t),

dng thu phong hu sn.

- Kinh gii cn c th thu chn (thc mc si, tr nga, cha bnh ngoi da),

tr phong trong huyt, cha b l mc ngoi v phong t huyt mch.

- Cha cm lnh pht st, nhc u au mnh m khng c m hi.1.23. RAU LANG

1.23.1. M tL loi thn b di t, c cha cht m trng c. C khoai l r pht trin,

c nhiu tinh bt v ng. L khoai lang hnh tri tim, chia 3 thy. Hoa hnh

loa kn, mu tm hay trng, mc ke l.

1.23.2. Tnh cht

V ngt nht, tnh mt, khng c.

1.23.3. Cng dng

- Khoai lang l loi thc phm giu cc cht mangan, canxi, vitaminA, B,

choline... C khoai phi kh c cha nhng cht rt qu vi c th l

vitamin chng nhim m. Nu thiu c th dn n hn lon chuyn ho gan,

nhim m gan, x gan.

- L rau lang l loi rau dn gi va ngon, va mt, b. phng chng bo

ph, c th n c v rau lang luc.

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- Trong ngn dy khoai lang c mt cht gn ging nh insulin, do ,

ngi b bnh i tho ng hng ngy nu n dy khoai lang c tc dng

cha bnh rt hiu qu.

- Ngoi ra, khoa lang c c tc dng nhun trng, cha to bn.

- V khoai lang cha nhiu vitamin v khong cht, do , khi luc bo vphn v khng b sy st, khng gt v nu khng cn thit.

- Khoai lang l v thuc, mn n b dng cho nhiu i tng, ring vi cc

trng hp b tiu chy, vim d dy, ng huyt thp nn hn ch n khoai

lang.

1.24. L CCH

1.24.1. M t

Tn khc Vng cch, Bng cch. Tn khoa hc Premna corymbosa (Burm. f.)

Rottl. et Willd. (P. integrifolia L.), thuc h C roi nga - Verbenaceae.

Cy g nh phn nhnh, c khi mc leo, thng c gai. L hnh tri xoan hay

tri xoan bu dc, mp nguyn hoc hi kha rng phn trn, c t lng

di, nht l trn cc gn. Hoa nh, nhiu, mu trng lc xm, hp thnh ng

ngn cy. Qu hch hnh trng, mu en, rng c 3-4mm, c 4 , mi cha

mt ht.

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1.24.2. Tnh cht

C v ngt, nhn, tnh mt.

1.24.3. Cng dng

C tc dng tr t can, mt gan, sng mt, tiu c, li tiu. R thng kinh

mch, tn kt t bi, li tiu ho. c dng tr ph do gan, x gan v tr l.

Cn dng tr thp khp v lm thuc li sa. C ni dng tr au dy thn kinh;

r dng tr di chng xut huyt no. L cch c dng nhiu lm thuc tr cm

lnh v st, tr y hi v dng di dng xp lm thuc li tiu ho, gy trung

tin. Ngy dng 8-12g l, t cy; r dng vi liu t hn.

Mt s n thuc:

- Cha l, dng l Cch ti 30g, gi nt, thm nc si ngui vo khuy

u, vt nc, thm t ng cho ngt m ung. Ngy dng 30-40ml.

- Hu sn vng da, dng l Cch phi hp vi Nhn trn v Ci xay, liu

lng bng nhau 12g sc nc ung.

1.25. L LT

1.25.1. M t

Thuc loi cy tho, mc ng hay b. L mc sole, hnh tri tim, mp l unln, dy v nhiu gn, mu xanh m. Hoa mc n c k l, c qu v

ht.

1.25.2. Tnh cht

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L lt c v nng, hi cay, tnh m.

1.25.3. Cng dng

C cng dng n trung, tn hn, h kh v ch thng, dng cha cc chng au

nhc xng khp khi lnh, ra nhiu m hi tay chn, mn nht lu lin...

- Cha au nhc xng khp khi tri lnh : 5-10g l lt phi kh, sc 2 btnc cn bt, ung trong ngy.

- Tr chng ra nhiu m hi tay, chn: L lt ti 30g, ra sch, ro cho

vo 1 lt nc un si khong 3 pht, khi si cho thm t mui, m dng

ngm hai bn tay, hai bn chn.

- Cha u gi sng au : L lt, ngi cu mi v 20g, ra sch, gi nt, thm

gim chng nng, p, chm ni u gi sng au.

1.26. RAU M

1.26.1. M t

Tn khoa hc Centella asiatica L. , thuc h Hoa tn Apiaceae (Umbelliferae).

Rau m l mt loi c mc b, c r cc mu. Thn gy, nhn. L hnh mt

chim, kha tai bo, cung di. Cm hoa n mc k l, gm 1-5 hoa nh. Qu

dt rng 3-5mm, c sng hi r.

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1.26.2. Tnh cht

Rau m l loi thuc mt, v ngt, hi ng, tnh bnh, khng c.

1.26.3. Cng dng

Rau m c tnh cht gii nhit, gii c, thng tiu, dng cha th huyt, t l,

kh h, bch i, li sa.Ti mt s nc, ngi ta cn nghin cu rau m tm tc dng cha bnh

hi v bnh lao.

Cc n thuc c rau m:

+ Cha au bng, i tiu lng, i l: Rau m (c dy, c l) ra sch, thm t

mui, nhai sng.

+ Cha ph n kinh nguyt au bng, au lng: Rau m hi lc ra hoa, phi

kh, tn nh.

+ Cha rm sy, mn nga: Hng ngy n rau m trn du dm.

1.27 RAU MI

1.27.1. M t

Cy rau mi hay gi l ng, cn gi l h tuy, hng tuy

Tn khoa hc l coriandrum sativum L. thuc h hoa tn.

L rau mi chia lm 2 loi phn bit,pha di l ln hn hnh trn,chia lm 3

thy khng hon chnh,c rng ca ,l trn nh,mnh v cc thy x su thnh

nhng tua .Hoa v qu rt ging nh ht.

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1.27.2 Tnh cht

Rau mi c v cay thm,tnh m,khng c.

1.27.3 Cng dng

- ng y: c tc dng pht tn, thc u si cho mc, tr kh, khu phong,

ngoi ra cn dng lm thuc gip tiu ha, cha ho, t sa.

Qu mi c dng lm thuc trong nhng trng hp sau:

+ u si khng mc: qu mi 80g tn nh, ru 100ml, nc 100ml. un si,

y kn trnh bay hi. Lc b b. Phun t u n chn, tr mt.

+ Sau t sa: qu mi 6g, nc 100ml. un si trong 15 pht, chia 2 ln

ung trong ngy.

+ Li dom: qu mi t hun ly khi hng vo ni dom li ra.1.28 MP KHA

1.28.1 M t

Ging Mp hng, ch khc hoa v qu. Hoa chia lm nhiu cnh phn bit.

Qu pht trin cc vn chy dc thnh kha, v dy v lm.

1.28.2 Tnh cht

Mp kha c v ngt,tnh bnh ,khng c.

1.28.3 Cng dng

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- X Mp dng tr: gn ct t au, au ngc sn, b kinh, sa khng thng,

vim tuyn sa, thu thng.

- L dng tr ho, ho g, nng nng kht nc vo ma h; dng ngoi tr

chy mu cc vt thng, ecpet, mng trn, chc l, bnh mn;

- Ht mp dng tr ho nhiu m, st trng, i kh;

- Dy dng tr au tht lng, ho, vim mi, vim kh qun;

- R Mp dng tr vim mi, vim cc xoang ph ca mi, dng nu nc ra

ch l nga chy nc.

1.29 NM HNG

1.29.1 M tNm hng hay cn gi l nm ng C.Thuc h nm ,c thn hnh tr,

M nm trn v dy,p xung ging nh chic ,mu nu vng.Mt di m

nm phng v c lp mng.Nm hng mc t nhin trn cc thn g vng c

nhit thp,m t,nh sng t.

1.29.2 Tnh cht

Nm hng c v ngt,tnh bnh,khng c.

1.29.3 Cng dng

Trong ng dc, nm hng c coi l v thuc b ni ting, c v ti

thm nn c tn l Dc diu chng suy lo v gip trng th.

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Nm hng c nhiu tc dng, trong tc dng chnh l: Lm h huyt p,

ngn nga hnh thnh cc mu lm nghn tc mch, gim cholesterol, gim bo,

cha vim khp, gim albumin niu, lm tng interferon trong c th, phng

nga suy lo, phng tr chng ung th, cha chng tn nhang.

Mt s bi thuc tr liu s dng nm hng nh sau:+ Dng cho vim gan mn hay chng gim bch: Canh nm hng vi tht.

+ Cha tng huyt p, bnh ng mch vnh, x cng ng mch, bnh i

tho ng: Canh nm hng vi b xanh.

+ Dng cho vim d dy, thiu mu, si: Cho nm hng vi tht b.

1.30 NM MO

1.30.1 M t Cn gi l Mc Nh,thng mc trn ch c g mc,hnh dng ging nh vnh

tai ngi,mu nu en.Nhiu tai nm mc chung quanh gc cng,tai nm mng

v t c nm trng,mu nu en.

1.30.2 Tnh cht

Nm mo c v ngt,tnh mt,mi thm c trng.

1.30.3 Cng dng

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- Bi b, tr ho gm: Phi hp 10g nm mo, 6g sa sm, 5g dm dng hoc

c tc dng bi b c th, b phi, tr ho.

- Tng th dch, gii kht.

- Dng cho ngi cao huyt p.- Gip da sng p thm.

- Gip tiu m.

1.31. C NGH

1.31.1. M t

Ngh c tn khoa hc l Curcuma longa L, thuc h gng.

Cn c gi l khng vng (gng vng), thuc loi tho. Thn c r ln,

hnh tr hay hnh thoi, c mu vng nht, pha di l c c mu m hn. L c

cung di hnh mi mc, mu xanh nht, c hai mt u nhn. Hoa mu vng,

kt hp nhiu lp thnh chui, pha trn ngn c mu tm nht.

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1.31.2. Tnh cht

V cay, ng, tnh m.

1.31.3. Cng dng

Ngh l loi cy c rt nhiu cng dng. Mt s cng dng ni bt ca n:

- Ngh gip gim cn, lu thng v lc mu.

- Ngh gip c th chng li cc vi khun sng k sinh trong rut, c bit tt

cho h tiu ho.

- Mi y ngi ta chng minh c rng c th s dng ngh chng ung

th v ngh c kh nng khng vim, gim nguy c nhim trng.

- C th dng ngh kh trng v mau lnh vt thng.

S dng ngh phng v cha mt s bnh nh sau:+ Cha bnh vim khp.

+ Khi gp rc ri vi tiu ho.

+ Bnh tim.

+ Kch thch s bi tit mt ca t bo gan, tng kh nng gii c gan.

+ Tinh du ngh c c tnh kh mi hi, ng thi c tnh khng vim rt hu

hiu, bo v nim mc ming, li, d dy.+ Tc dng khng khun, khng nm, lm gim cholesterol.

1.32. NG GAI

1.32.1. M t

Ng gai cn gi l mi tu hoc ng ty, thuc h Hoa tn, c ngun gc t

chu M. Ng gai thu hi c quanh nm. Khng ch l rau gia v, ton cy ng

gai cn c cng dng lm thuc, bng cch dng ti hoc phi kh.

1.32.2. Tnh cht

V cay, hi ng, tnh m, mi thm nng.

1.32.3. Cng dng

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+ Tr hi ming: Ly 1 nm rau ng gai, ra sch, sc c, cho thm vi ht

mui, khuy tan, dng ngm v sc ming nhiu ln trong ngy.

+ Tr y hi, n khng tiu: Dng 50g l ng gai, ra sch, thi di khong 3-

4cm. Gng ti: 10g p dp. Tt c ung trong ngy.

+ Tr cm cm: Dng 40g mi tu + gng ti: 10g ngi cu v cc tn: mi

th 20g. Tt c thi nh, sc vi 400ml nc, ung nng, mi ngy 2 ln.

1.33. RAU NG

1.33.1. M t

Cn gi l cy rau om, thuc loi cy thn tho, thn trn to, c nhiu lng t,mu xanh nht. L mc n, khng cung, mp c rng ca. Hoa mc k l, c

mu tm nht.

1.33.2. Tnh cht

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Theo ng y, rau ng c tnh mt, v chua, cay, hi the, mi thm.

1.33.3. Cng dng

Rau ng c tc dng khng vim, li tiu, gii c do ng c thc n, lm gin

c rut, gin mch, tng lc cu thn nn dng tr si thn rt tt. Ngoi ra,

rau ng c dng tr chng tiu ra mu, bng huyt, bnh l nga ngoi da

do pht ban, tr rn cn

Mt s bi thuc cha bnh t rau ng:

+ Tr ho, s mi: ly 15 - 30 gr rau ng ti, ra sch, sc k ly nc ung.

+ Tr vim ty au nhc: ly rau ng ti ra, gi nt, p vo ni thng tn.

+ Tr si thn: ly 20 - 30 gr rau ng ti, ra sch, gi nt. Cho nc si

ngui vo lc ly nc ung hng ngy.+ Tr rn cn: ly 15 - 20 gr rau ng ti, 25 gr kin c, gi nt 2 v trn, thm

20 - 30 ml ru trng, cht ly nc ung, cn b p vo vt cn.

1.34. RAU B NGT

1.34.1. M t

Cn gi l cy b ngt hay rau ngt.

Thuc loi cy nh, phn nhiu cnh, mi cnh c nhiu l. L hnh qu trng,hi nhn u, mt trn lng, mu xanh. Hoa mc k l, qu nh, ht c ba

cnh.

1.34.2. Tnh cht

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L rau ngt c v bi ngt, tnh mt, r v hi ngm ng.

1.43.3. Cng dng

y l loi cy c nhiucng dng trong cuc sng, c bit c li cho sc

kho ca con ngi. Khi dng lm thuc thng chn nhng cy sng hai nm

tr ln. Theo ng y, l v r u c tc dng mt huyt, hot huyt, li tiu,

gii c.

+ L rau ngt cha ban si, ho, vim phi, st cao, i rt, tiu c, ngy dng

20-40g l ti, sc ung.

+ R cn c rc dng li tiu, thng huyt, kch thch t cung co bp, dng 20-

40g r ti ra sch, gi nt p ly nc ung trong ngy.

1.35. T1.35.1. M t

Qu t cn c nhiu tn gi khc nhau nh Lt tiu, Lt t, Ngu gic tiu, Hi

tiu...Tn khoa hc Capsium frutescens L; Capsium annuum L., thuc h C

Solanaceae.

L mt cy nh c th sng vi nm, thn di ha g. Cy c nhiu cnh,

nhn. L mc so le, hnh thun di, u nhn. Hoa mc n c k l. Qu

mc r xung t, ch ring cy t ch thin th qu li quay ln tri.

1.35.2. Tnh cht

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Theo y hc c truyn t c v cay nng, tnh nng, hi c. Cy v l v cay,

tnh mt, khng c. Ht t tnh nng c.

1.35.3. Cng dng

Tc dng khoan trung, tn hn, kin t, tiu thc, gim au, cha ung th...

Nhn dn thng dng cha au bng do lnh, tiu ha km, au khp, dng

ngoi cha rn rt cn...

Mt s bi thuc nam thng dng c t:

- Cha n ung chm tiu: t tri dng lm gia v, n hng ngy.

- Cha au d dy do lnh: t tri, Ngh vng, tn bt ung ngy 2-3 ln.

- Cha tai bin mch mu no: l t (loi t ch thin) em gi nh, thm nc

v t mui, cht nc cho ngi bnh ung, b p vo rng s tnh.- Cha rn rt cn: l t gi nh, p vo ni b thng, bng li. Ngy lm 1-2

ln cho n khi ht au, 2-3 gi l khi.

- Cha au lng, au khp: t chn 15 qu, l u 3 ci, r ch thin 80g. Tt

c em gi nh ngm cn vi t l 1/2, dng xoa bp s mau khi.

- Cha mn nht: L t gi nt vi t mui, dng p vo nht ang mng m.

1.36. C RING1.36.1. M t

Ring c tn l Phong khng, Km sung hay Cao Lng Khng.

Tn khoa hc ca Ring l: Languas officinarump. H Gng: Zingiberaceae.

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Thuc h gng nhng l ln hn, hnh ngn gio. Thn tho, c r , nhiu

vy, chia thnh nhiu t. Hoa mc thnh chm trn ngn thn gi, mu trng

vn nht. Qu hnh cu, c lng cn gi l Hng u khu.

1.36.2. Tnh cht

Ring c v cay, mi thm, tnh m vo hai kinh t v v.

1.36.3. Cng dng

Ring c tc dng gy gin mch trn mch mu c lp v chng co tht c

trn rut, c th lm lnh cc vt lot, thay i mt s thnh phn trong thi lc

mu. Ring thng c dng lm thuc kch thch tiu ha, cha y hi,

au bng i lng, nn ma, hi, au d dy, cm st, st rt, c th nhai dp

cha au rng. Ring bnh t ngm cha vim thanh qun (khn ting) rt tt.Nhng bi thuc c cha ring:

+ Cha tiu chy: Ring: 200g, qu:120g, hu phc: 80g, tn kh. Sc ung mi

ln 12g.

+ Cha phong thp, bun nn: Ring, v qut, ht ta t lng bng nhau, tn

nh, ung vi ru, mi ln 5g, ngy 2 ln.

+ Cha cm st, st rt, km n: Qu Ring tn nh, ung ngy 6-10g.+ Cha au d dy: Ring tm ru 7 ln, sy, tn nh, trn ung ngy 2 ln.

1.37. RAU SAM

1.37.1.M t.

Tn khoa hc l Portulaca Oleracea L. thuc h Rau Sam Portulacea.

Thn gm nhiu cnh mm, nhn, mu nht, mc b lan trn mt t. L

hnh bu dc, phn y l hi nhn, khng cung, phin l dy, mt lng. Hoa

mu vng. Ht mu en.

1.37.2. Tnh cht

Theo ng y rau Sam c v chua tnh lnh, khng c c tnh.

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1.37.3. Cng dng

Thng dng rau Sam lm thuc st trng trong nhng chng l lot ngoi da,

lm tiu nht c v lm li tiu trong chng tiu but, tr bnh ho, lao phi, gii

c rn hoc cn trng cn, lm thuc an thn, cha bnh mt ng. C tc dng

ngn chn s pht trin ca vi trng l v thng hn.

Ngoi ra rau Sam l mt ngun khng sinh t nhin rt qu trong cc chng

vim nhim ng rut v ng sinh dc, tit niu.

Sau y l mt s cch s dng rau Sam n gin c th cha bnh:

+ Cha vim cu thn, vim bng quang, niu o: Rau Sam ti 600gr.Gng

sng 7 n 9 lt, un nc ung.

+ Cha x va ng mch, lm h cholesterol trong mu: Rau Sam ti

100gr.Gng sng 3 lt.Luc hoc nu canh n hng ngy. n c nc ln xc.

+ Cha kit l cp tnh: Rau Sam ti 100gr.Gi nt vt ly nc, un nng, cho

thm mt cht mt ong hoc ng en vo ung.

+ Cha sn s mt: Rau Sam ti 100gr.Gi nc lc ly nc, cho thm mt

cht mui v mt mung gim, ung vo lc sng sm khi bng i.

1.38. S

1.38.1. M t

Cy s cn c gi l cy tranh thm hoc hng mao.

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Tn khoa hc l Cymbopogon Citratus (L.) Pers., thuc h la (Poaceae).

S l loi cy tho sng dai, cao khong 1m, mc thnh bi. B di mu trng,

phn cc l di mc ng. L mu xanh m, c nhiu lng cng. Hoa nh, tp

trung vt ln cao.

1.38.2. Tnh cht

Theo ng y, s v the, mi thm, tnh m.

1.38.3. Cng dng

S l mt gia v c nhn ta dng ph bin, ng thi cng l mt cy thuc

cha bnh v tr cn trng tt.

S l loi gia v va to mi thm, va kch thch tiu ha, chng nn, st

trng, kh hi ming, tiu m, gim au, thng kinh lc, cha cm cm, trng

hn, cha cho tr em chng ng kinh.

L s xua ui c rui, mui, kh ht mi x u.

1.39. SEN

1.39.1. M t

Cn c tn gi l Lin h, ty theo mu sc m c tn gi khc nhau Hng lin

hay Bch lin. Thng mc trong ao h, bn ly, thn to bng ngn tay, hnh

trn, c nhiu gai. L sen trn v dy, c mu xanh m, to nh ci r. Hoa mc

trn u ngn, hnh dng trn thun, nhn u. i sen hnh trn, phn di

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thon nh, trn mt bng, c l cha ht hnh nh t ong. Ht sen khi chn nu

en, hnh vin n. Ng sen nm khut di nc, c mu trng.

1.39.2. Tnh cht

Cy sen v ng, tnh bnh. Ch sen v ngt, tnh m, ht v ngt, tnh m, hi

cht. Ng sen v thanh, tnh bnh, gng sen tnh bnh, v ng cht, khng c.

1.39.3. Cng dng

Mi b phn ca sen u c cng dng.

- Cnh sen chng c dng ngm bn tng thm nguyn kh, gip tinh

thn sng khoi.

- Ng sen cng c kh nng tng t, gip sn sinh ra cc cht khng.

- Tim sen tr st m sng, huyt p cao. Pha ung cha bnh mt ng, an thn.

- L sen dng tr cm nng, say nng, xut huyt do st cao.

- Ht sen l v thuc qu, c tc dng b dng li an thn, c bit dng tr

cc chng tiu chy ko di. ng thi tng cng chc nng t v, bo m dinh

dng, iu ha s thu np thc n.

- C sen (r) cha rt nhiu cht dinh dng nht l protein v vitamin C gip

tun hon mu, cha bnh u ma, gim nhit, gim thm tm, tng cng chcnng tim mch v d dy.

1.40. HOA SNG

1.40.1. M t

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Cy sng mc nhiu m ao, thn r ngn, c nhiu c con. L mc ni nh

cung di, hnh tri tim trn. Mt trn l mu xanh, di mu ta. Hoa mu tm

hay xanh nht, ging hoa sen nhng cnh nh hn, mc trn cung vt ln mt

nc.

1.40.2. Tnh cht

V nhn, tnh bnh, khng c.

1.40.3. Cng dng

Theo Y hc c truyn, cc b phn ca cy c dng lm thuc thanh nhit,

chng say nng, cm mu... c bit, n cn tr hiu qu chng co git tr, au

lng mi gi, nam b di tinh hoc ph n kh h bch i.

Mt s bi thuc c dng trong dn gian:+ Cha thn h t yu, au mi ngang tht lng: c sng 20 g, ba kch, cu tch,

t gii, h th , ngu tt mi v 12 g. Sc ung ngy mt thng.

+ Gii cm nng: c sng nu ch n.

+ Cha suy nhc c th, hay m hi trm, di tinh: c sng nu chn, bc v

400 g. C mi nu chn, bc v 800 g. Phi kh tn nh, mi ln dng 10 g nu

thnh cho n hng ngy lc i.1.41. TA T

1.41.1. M t

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Thuc loi rau, nhnh vung. L trn, nhn phn u, c rng ca, mt l

nhn nhm, mu ta, khi v nt c mi thm nng.

1.41.2. Tnh cht

L ta t v cay, tnh m, c mi thm.

1.41.3. Cng dng

Theo ng y ta t c tc dng h kh tiu m, dng cha cm cm khng ra

m hi v ho tc ngc, nn y bng. Ht ta t dng cha cc bnh ho, suyn,

to bn v mng tinh.

+ Tr cm cm, ho: Nu cho trn l ta t ra sch thi nh cho ngi bnh

n, sau trm kn chn cho tot m hi.+ Tr chng to bn: Ly ht ta t v ht h, mi th khong 15g, cho c hai

th vo gi nh, ch thm 1 bt nc khuy u ri cht ly nc ct nu cho.

+ Tr chng hen suyn: Ly khong 50g ht ta t sao qua, tn thnh bt mn

ri nc vo gn ly nc ct em nu cho vi go t, n lc i.

+ Tr chng dng vt b l:Nu tr nh b chng l dng vt chy m th ly

1 nm l ta t ra bng nc mui ri gi nt, p vo ch au.1.42. TIU

1.42.1. M t

Thng gi l Ht tiu, cn c tn l C nguyt, Hc c nguyt.

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Tn khoa hc ca cy H tiu l Piper Nigrum L. thuc h H tiu (Piperaceae).

L loi cy leo, l hnh bu dc thun v pha nh v gc. Hoa mc thnh

chm di. Qu hnh trn, khi non c mu xanh, chn mu ti, kh mu en.

1.42.2. Tnh chtV cay, tnh nng, khng c.

1.42.3. Cng dng

Theo Y hc c truyn ht tiu c tc dng n trung ch thng, tr chng au

bng lnh, nn, tiu chy, gip tng dch v, dch ty, kch thch tiu ha n ngon

H tiu c tc dng st trng, dit k sinh trng, gy ht hi. Mi H tiu ui

su b nn c dng bo v qun o len khi b su cn.ng dng lm sng:

+ Tr tr em tiu chy: ly 1 - 2 ht tiu trng tn bt b vo rn ca tr em

dng bng dnh dn li 24 gi thay mt ln, c th dng 2 - 3 ln.

+ Tr quai b:Bt H tiu 0,5 - 1g trn vi bt m trng 5 - 10g, trn vi nc

nng thnh dng h cho vo go p ln ch au, dn bng keo mi ngy thay 1

ln.

2. HT V C

2.1. C CI

2.1.1. M t

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Thn tho, r pht trin thnh c trn v di, thon cui. L mc ng, hnh

thun di, phn trn phnh to, c nhiu gn, mu xanh nht. Hoa c nhiu mu

sc khc nhau, thng c 4 cnh.

2.1.2. Tnh cht

Theo ng y, c ci ti sng c v cay, tnh mt. C ci nu chn v ngt, tnh

bnh, quy kinh ph v v.

2.1.3. Cng dng

C ci c nhiu tnh nng, cng dng.

- Tp trung nht vo nhm cha bnh b my h hp nh: ho, hen, m,

suyn, tc ngc, khn ting, mt ting, ho ra mu, lao.

- Bnh b my tiu ha nh au vng thng v, chua, nn, n khng tiu,

chng bng, to bn, li dom, tr.

- Ngoi ra cn cha mt s bnh b my tit niu do thp nhit nh: tiu t,

tiu dt, but, tiu c, c si; cha mt s bnh chuyn ha (bo, tr, i tho

ng...); bnh v mu.

- Cn c cng dng c bit l gii c nh khi b ng c kh c do than, gas,

c ca ru, c, hn the v ng c nhn sm.

Mt s bi thuc:

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+ Ha m, li kh, gim ho, b t: C ci trng, bt m mi th 500g, bt

ngt 2g, tiu bt 1g, du ci 50g, mui 5g, du vng 15g, tht 300g. C ci ra

sch bo si, xo x bng du ci ri cho bt ngt, mui, tiu, tht trn lm

nhn bnh.

+ Cha lao phi: Cao c ci ti. C ci ti 1kg, l ti 1kg, sinh a ti

500g, ng sen ti 1kg, mch mn ti 500g, r tranh ti 1kg, gng ti 100g.

un si, c c ung.

+ Vim gan vng da, thy thng: Sc 60ml nc c ci ung thay tr hng ngy

+Tr lot khoang ming do nhit: C ci gi ly nc ct ngm sc ming.

+Tr l: C ci gi ly nc + mt ong un ung, lc sng sm cha n sng

+ i tho ng: C ci 200g, go t 50g, go np 50g, nu thnh cho. nnng ngy 2 ln, n lin nhiu ngy.

2.2. C U

2.2.1. M t

Cn gi l c sn, thuc loi tho, thn leo, c r pht trin thnh c. L trn to,

nhn u, mc kp 3 l. Hoa mu tm nht, qu c lng, ht dt, c c.

2.2.2. Tnh cht

V ngt, tnh mt.

2.2.3. Cng dng

Dng c u ti thi thnh nhng lt mng p hng ngy ln da hoc p

nc bi ln da mt v chn tay gip gi m da, lm da mn mng, trnh nt n.

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C u hu nh khng cha cht bo, thch hp cho vic n nh, gim cn.

Trong c u cng giu cht x nn rt tt cho h tiu ho, c li cho i tin.

2.3. HNH NHN

2.3.1. M t

Tn khoa hc Semen Pruni Armeniacae

Hnh nhn tc l ht kh ca qu ca cy M. Hnh nhn cn c tn l mai,

Hnh, Kh Hnh nhn, Bc Hnh nhn, Quang Hnh nhn. Qu nh c v

mng, phn tht ln v ngt.

2.3.2. Tnh cht

V ngt, tnh bnh, c mi thm nh.

2.3.3. Cng dng

Hnh nhn c tc dng ch khi bnh suyn, nhun trng thng tin.

Ch tr cc chng ho do phong hn hoc phong nhit, ho suyn do ph nhit,

to bn do trng to

Mt s ng dng:

+ Tr vim ph qun mn tnh: Dng nhn c v vi cng lng ng phn

trn lm thnh Hnh nhn ng. Sng ti mi ln ung 10g.

+ Tr to bn: Nhun trng hon: Hnh nhn, o nhn, ng qui u 10g,

Ha ma nhn 12g, Sinh a 12g, Ch xc 6g sc ung.

2.4. MNG TRE

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2.4.1. M t

Tre l cy mc ng, kt thnh bi. Thn trn, thng, rng rut, c nhiu mt

chia lm cc on bng nhau. L hnh gio, nhm, nhnh nh, khng thng.

Mng l mm non ca cy tre, thn thp, nhiu l bao bc, tht mu trng, c lp

v cng pha ngoi, nhiu lng t ngn, c lp.

2.4.2 Tnh cht

Theo ng y, mng v ngt hi ng, tnh lnh.

2.4.3 Cng dng

C tc dng thanh nhit, tiu vim, li tiu, tr m thp... Nhiu nghin cu

cho thy, mng lau c tc dng phng chng ung th.

Mng ty c tc dng tng lc v ti lp s cn bng trao i cht b mt i

do ch n c qu nhiu cht bo, ng, gip phng cc bnh l tim mch,

thp khp...

Mt s bi thuc cha bnh t mng:

- i l mn tnh, tr ngoi: n mn cho mng go t.

- Bnh tim mch, thn, gan: Ung nc sc mng vi l b cng anh, v b ao.

- Tr ln ban, my ay, si, thy u: n canh mng nu c dic thanh nhit,

li tiu, thi c, khi st.

2.5 M

2.5.1 M t

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Cn gi l vng. Thuc loi thn tho, c nhiu lng. L mc i, chia lm 3

thy, l c rng ca. Hoa mc k l, c mu trng. Qu nang di, c lng, chia

thnh 4 mnh. Ht nh, dt, c mu trng hay en.

2.5.2 Tnh cht

V ngt, tnh bnh, mi thm.

2.5.3 Cng dng

Vng c hai loi trng v en, trong vng en nhiu dc tnh hn nn c

dng lm thuc cha bnh. C tc dng dng huyt, nhun to, b ng tng, h

nhc, ch kh lc, y ty no, bn gn ct, sng mt, thm thng minh, dng

ngoi p tr sng ty, vt bng v lm cao dn nht.

L vng c tc dng ch kh, b no ty, mnh gn ct, khi t thp.

Mt s bi thuc:

+ Thuc b dng cho mi bnh: Vng en, l du non lng nh nhau, em tn

bt vo thnh vin, dng ung hng ngy.

+ Cha rt cn: Nhai vi ht vng p vo vt cn, bng li.

+ Cha to bn: Ung 1 chn du vng hoc mi bui sng n mt nm ht

vng l khi, hoc c th nu cho vng n cho d.

+ Cha mn nht l lot: Ly 1 vc vng en, rang, tn nh, ra sch mu mtrn nht bng nc mui m, sau p bt vng ln vt nht vi ln s khi.

+ Cha rng tc: Vng mt bt, rang chn tn nhuyn, thm ng, nu ung

nhiu ln, tc s en mt, ht rng.

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2.6 U NNH

2.6.1 M t

u nnh cn c tn l u tng. Thuc loi thn tho, thn mnh, c nhiu

lng. L so le, mc kp 3 phin hnh tri xoan, nhn u. Hoa mu trng hay

tm, mc k l. Qu hnh cong li lim, c lng, trong cha ht trn v y.

2.6.2 Tnh cht

V ngt, tnh mt.

2.6.3 Cng dng

iu tr chng mn kinh, ngi ta pht hin thy trong ht u nnh c isoflarm

cn gi l estrogen thc vt (phytoestrogen); hot cht ny gp phn lm cn

bng hormon ph n mn kinh, ci thin r rt cc triu chng khc ca tui

mn kinh nh: Bc ha, m hi m, trm cm, kh m o

2.7 U XANH

2.7.1 M t

Thn tho, mc ng, l mc kp 3, c lng c 2 mt. Hoa mu vng lc, mc

k l. Qu hnh tr thng, c lng. Ht hnh trn, hi thun, kch thc nh,

v mu xanh, rut vng, c mu gia.2.7.2 Tnh cht

V ngt, hi lnh, tnh mt.

2.7.3 Cng dng

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u xanh c cng dng thanh nhit, gii c, rt thch hp cho vic cha trng

nng, phin kht, ng c thc n hoc dc tho. u xanh cng c th dng

cha bnh tng huyt p v chng vim nhim.

Tc dng thanh nhit gii c ca v u xanh cn cao hn tht ht u.

Sau y l mt s bi thuc t u xanh:

- Cha trng nng, st: Dng lng u xanh va phi nu canh, cho thm cht

ng, n khi cn m.

- Cha b tiu: n canh u xanh.

- Cha rm sy, nga ngy: Ly 15 g bt u xanh, 30 g bt hot thch nghin

vn, trn u xoa ln nhng ch b rm sy thay cho phn rm.

- Cha nhim trng ng niu: p gi u xanh ly nc ung, s c tc dng

tt ngay.2.8 IU

2.8.1 M t

Hay cn gi l o ln ht. iu l cy nhit i, xanh quanh nm, cao 6

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14m, thn ngn cnh di, l n nguyn hnh trng trn u, hoa nh mc thnh

chu. Qu l mt loi qu kh, hnh qu thn, nng 5 - 9g, v mu xm, cung

qu phnh to bng qu trng mu vng, hay trng.

2.8.2 Tnh cht

V ngt nht, tnh bnh,c mi thm c trng.

2.8.3 Cng dng

Cc b phn ca cy iu c dng lm thuc:

+ Thuc an thn: 20 - 30g l iu phi kh thi nh sc vi 400ml nc, ly

100ml ung.

+ Cha kit l: Nhn ht iu, Mng ct, Ht cau gi v Rau m, mi th 30g,

sc c ung.+ Cha tiu chy, vim hng: V cy phi kh, thi mng sc ly nc ung.

+ Cha chai chn, nt n chn, vt lot: Bi du v.

+ Cha vim hng: Sc ming bng ru iu.

+ Chng nn ma: Nhm nhp ru iu.

2.9. SN DY

2.9.1 M tLoi cy dy leo, c th di ti 10m, c lng th mu nu. R v c to di,

nhiu tinh bt. L mc cch, cung di, hnh trn, chia thnh 3, c u nhn.

Hoa mc chm nch l, mu xanh nht, mi thm.

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2.9.2 Tnh cht

C sn dy c v ngt cay, tnh bnh.

2.9.3 Cng dng

Sn dy c tc dng gii c, thi nhit. N c dng cha st, nhit ming, nhc u do st, kht nc, i l ra mu. Ngy dng 8-20 g di dng

thuc sc.

Mt s n thuc c c sn dy:

- Cha cm mo st cao: C sn dy 8 g, ma hong 5 g, qu chi 4 g, i to 5 g,

thc dc 4 g, sinh khng 5 g, cam tho 4 g, nc 600 ml, sc cn 200 ml,

chia 3 ln ung trong ngy.

- Cha tr st: C sn dy 20 g, thm 200 ml nc sc cn 100 ml, cho tr ung

trong ngy.

- Cha rn cn: Khi b rn c cn, ly l sn dy ti gi vt ly nc ung, b

p ln vt rn.

3. HOA V QU

3.1. B AO

3.1.1 M t

Cn gi l b xanh hay b phn, c v mu xanh m, ph t phn trng bn

ngoi. Thuc loi thn tho c dy leo, thn nhiu lng, c tua cun. L hnh tim

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chia lm 5 thy hnh chn vt, hoa mu vng. Qu thun, di ngn ty chng

loi, khi cn nh c lng t, khi gi c phn trng.

3.1.2. Tnh cht

V ngt, tnh hn, khng c.

3.1.3. Cng dng

+ B ao c tc dng phng cha bnh ma h. Nng nng, nm m gy nhiu

mi mt, u oi, thn th nng n, au u, tiu vng, n khng tiu cc loi n

bnh. C th b trng th (cm nng, cm th).

+ Bnh tit niu sinh dc: Tiu khng thng, tiu c do thp nhit bng quang:

nu b c v xanh. Ung nc n ci.

+ Ph ton thn: B ao, hnh c nu vi c chp.+ Bnh i tho ng: B ao 2.500g ct u lm np cho vo trong 30g bt

hong lin. y np gm cht bng tm. Nu chn nh, ngui, p ly nc

ung ngy 3 ln.

+ Hen suyn: qu B ao cn cung, b ra cho ng phn hp chn. n ht

khong 4 qu mi thy r hiu qu. C th thm gng.

+ Gi da mt p: qu B ao, ru 1.500g, nc 100g, mt ong 500g.+ Ung th trc trng, kt trng: ng qua nhn (ht B ao) 15g, i hong 10g,

an b 16g, o nhn 10g, phc tiu 8g. Sc ung ngy 1 thang.

3.2 B

3.2.1 M t

Tn khoa hc l Cucurbita pepo, h Bu b.

B cn gi l b ng, b r. Thuc loi thn b hay thn leo, nhiu tua cun.

L nhm v c lng, mp c rng ca nh, chia thnh nhiu thy nhn u.Qu

di hay trn dp, c nhiu kha. Tht b cng mu vng cam, c nhiu ht

vng nht.

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3.2.2 Tnh cht

V ngt, tnh mt.

3.2.3 Cng dng

Cc b phn ca b u c tc dng cha bnh.

- t b ng dng lm rau n: xo, um (xo nc) hay nu canh. t b c tnhthanh nhit, nhun trng nh cht x kch thch nhu ng rut.

- Hoa b cng thanh nhit nhun trng nhng hi cht nn c tnh thu sp nh.

Thu sp nn cm m hi, c tinh.

Mt s tc dng chnh cua b .

- Thanh nhit, gii kht, sinh tn dch. Vo na nng nc nn n b .

- Qung g, kh mt: trong b cha nhiu vitamin A

- Phng chng bnh tim mch.

- Tr bnh tiu ng.

- Ht b tr giun sn. Mi ln dng khong 50g ht b rang. B v, n ht vo

sng sm. Khng nhn n cng c nhng nhn n vn tt hn. Mt gi sau

ung thuc x th tt hn. Nn dng vi ba ln cho ht hn trng k sinh trng.

3.3 BI

3.3.1 M t

Min Bc gi l Bng. Thuc loi cy to, c khi cao ti 10m, c nhiu gai

nhn. L hnh bu dc thun, u trn, nhiu gn li mt di. Hoa mu trng,

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mc thnh chm, c mi thm. Qu hnh trn hay di ty theo chng loi. C

nhiu mi, v dy, mu xanh hay vng, cha tinh du the. Cha nhiu tp to

thnh mi, c v chua hay ngt.

3.3.2 Tnh cht

L bi v ng the, c mi thom, tnh m.

V bi v cay, mi thm, tnh bnh. Tht v chua ngt, tnh mt.

3.3.3 Cng dng

- Tht bi c cha cc thnh phn glucoxit, cha nhiu carotin, nhiu loi

vitamin, canxi phtpho, vitamin P c trong bi cng tng i cao. Trong bi

c hp cht c th lm h ng huyt, rt tt cho nhng ngi mc bnh tim

mch hay bo ph.

- V bi c tnh m, v chua ngt ng c tc dng tiu m, tiu ha thc n

v h kh, cha ho, au hng, m nhiu, m trng ng.

Di y l cch cha mt s loi bnh theo dn gian:

+ Ho: Ngi gi b ho hen nn dng ci bi thi nh, hp cch thy vi ko

mch nha hoc mt ong, ngy n 2 ln vo bui sng, mi ln mt tha.

+ Sy thai v au bng sau khi sinh: Vi ph n b sy thai hoc au bng sau

khi sinh, cch tt nht l nu nc v bi ung.3.4. CAM

3.4.1 M t

Thuc loi cy nh, c t gai. L hnh bu dc, thun nhn u, mu xanh

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m. Hoa mc thnh chm, k l, mu trng. Qu trn, khi non mu xanh, chn

mu vng, c nhiu mi mng nc, v chua ngt. ht trn, thun u.

3.4.2 Tnh cht

V ngt, tnh i mt, v v ngt cay, mi thm the, tnh lnh.

3.4.3 Cng dng

Theo y hc c truyn, cam c tc dng thanh nhit, gii c, chng co git, li

tiu, nhun ph, tr ho, sinh tn dch, thng i tin, lm da mn mng, ti tn.

N c dng cha mt s bnh nh b tiu, kh sinh, ho

Sau y l mt s bi thuc t qu cam:

- Cha to bn: V cam 250 g, cho 2 bt nc vo nu nh, n dn trong ngy.

- Cha ho c m, gi ru: V cam 250 g (thi nh, sao vng), mui na thac ph, cho vo 3 bt nc, sc cn 1 chn, ung 2 ln trong ngy.

- Cha y hi, kh tiu: V cam 250 g thi nh, lch ln 1 ci nguyn, cho

vo 3 bt nc, un nh la cho n khi cn mt bt, dng c nc ln ci.

3.5 DA

3.5.1 M t

Thn tr, thng, nhiu s, c nhiu vt ngang. L to v thun, mc i xng.Hoa mc theo b, qu c lp v ngoi dy, c lp s cng bao bc.

3.5.2 Tnh cht

Nc da tnh hn, v ngt, khng c, li tiu, gii nhit.

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3.5.3 Cng dng

Ngoi cng dng lm thc phm ngon v mt, n cn l loi dc phm cha

bnh rt hiu qu.

+ Dng tc: Du da l mt nhng dng cht t nhin rt tuyt vi, khng

ch gip tc pht trin m cn lm cho tc ng mt.

+ Gim stress: Sau khi massage dng du da gi tc s to ra cm gic

khoan khoi, d chu v gim mt mi, cng thng v thn kinh.

+ Dng da: Dng du da massage s lm tng m cho da, ngn nga

lo ho da.

+ Gim cn: Du da rt hu ch trong vic gim cn v n c cha axt bo

chui ngn v trung bnh c tc dng gim trng lng d tha ca c th.+ Tng cng tiu ho: Ci da v cc sn phm t da c tc dng tng cng

sc kho h tiu ho, gim ri ro mc bnh kch thch rut.

+ Tng cng sc kho h min dch: Mt trong nhng th mnh ca du da

tng cng sc kho h min dch l do c cha cc lipit khng khun, axt

lauric.

+ Cha cc hp cht tt cho gan, thn, xng.

3.6 DA

3.6.1 M t

Cn gi l Thm hay Khm, thuc loi thn tho,ngn, bao ph bi nhng

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cung l di xe ra xung quanh. L hnh li gio, c rng ca. Hoa mu tm,

qu hnh ng, c nhiu mt, chn mu vng.

3.6.2 Tnh cht

V chua ngt.

3.6.3 Cng dng

Trong da khng c cholesterol, li giu cht x, cc enzym tiu ha, vitamin

C, canxi v kali nn n c nhu tc dng vi sc khe.

+ Kch thch tiu ha: Cc enzym bromelain c trong da gip kch thch tiu

ha. Bn cnh da cng c coi l thc phm lm gim bt bun b, tt cho

d dy v gim chng nng.

+ Tng qu trnh pht trin xng, sn, rng li.

+ Tng cng sc khng c th: Vitamin C c trong da lun c coi l

mt loi thuc t nhin cung cp cho bn mt sc khng tt cho sc khe.

+ Liu thuc chng ho v cm lnh.

3.7 KH QUA

3.7.1 M t

Tn khoa hc Momordica charantia L. , thuc h Bu B (Cucurbitaceae).

Tn khc: V thuc Kh qua cn gi Cm l chi, Li B o ,Mp ng.Thuc loi dy leo, c nhiu tua cun, thn c cnh v lng di. L mc so le,

chia lm 5 thy. Hoa c v ci mc ring l, mu vng nht. Qu thun di, v

ngoi c nhiu khi u khng u. Ht dp c mng bao ngoi.

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3.7.2 Tnh cht

V ng, tnh mt, khng c.

3.7.3 Cng dng

C rt nhiu cng dng, tt c cc b phn u c th lm thuc. Dng lm

thuc thng chn qu mu vng lc. Nu dng ht th ly nhng qu chn,

phi kh.

Mt s cng dng chnh:

+ Tr v kh au: Kh qua, ct, n.

+ Tr mn nht: Kh qua ti, nghin nt, p bn ngoi da.

+ Tr phin nhit, ming kh: Kh qua b rut, thi ra, sc ung .

+ Tr l: Kh qua ti nghin nt, p ly 1 bt nc ct ung.

+ Tr rm sy: L Kh qua ti, nu ly nc tm, ngy 3-4 ln.

3.8 LU

3.8.1 M t

Cn gi l Thch lu, thuc loi thn nh, thn trn, phn nhnh nhiu. L nh,

di v mng, trn, c mu xanh. Hoa nhiu tai nhn, c bu hnh trn c mutrng hay . Ht lu c tht mu trong.

3.8.2 Tnh cht

V chua ngt, tnh m. V v cht, tnh m.

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3.8.3 Cng dng

t ai bit trong qu lu cha cht c th ci thin c kh nng cng dng

i vi nam gii. Bn cnh , lu cn c rt nhiu tc dng khc na.

+ Ci thin sc khe ca tim: Lu cha nhiu polyphenol, cht ha hc thc

vt ni ting trong vic lm gim qu trnh sng ph lin quan n bnh tim.

+ Gim huyt p v nguy c t qu .

+ Chng li ung th tuyn tin lit .

+ C th git cht vi khun gy hi.

+ Ci thin kh nng cng dng.

+ C th tng t trng xng.3.9 MNG CT

3.9.1 M t

Thuc loi thn mc, cao 20m. L mu xanh m, thun di v dy. Qu hnh

cu, v mu nu sm, dy, cng, v ng cht. Trong cha nhng mi tht, mu

trng c, v ngt thanh.

3.9.2 Tnh chtTht v ngt, lu ngy c v cht do t v ngm vo.

3.9.3 Cng dng

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Cng nh cc loi qu khc mng ct c rt nhiu cng dng. Sau y l mt

s cng dng chnh ca mng ct.

- Tng cng sinh lc: Kh nng chng mt mi ca Mng Ct l mt trong

nhng im li tm thy tri cy ny.

-Ngn nga bnh tim mch.

- Chng cc phn t gy lo ha.

- Gim p huyt.

- Chng v ngn nga bnh tiu ng.

- Chng v ngn nga bnh ung th.

- Chng v ngn nga cc bnh d ng.

- Ci tin ln da.- Gim cholesterol

3.10 NHO

3.10.1 M t

Thuc loi cy c dy leo, b trn gin bng tua cun. L hnh chn vt, chia

thy. Qu hnh cu, mng nc, cha ht bn trong.

3.10.2 Tnh chtV ngt, sp, tnh bnh.

3.10.3 Cng dng

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Nho l loi thc phm khng nhng rt ngon m cn tt cho sc khe v trong

thnh phn ca n c cha hm lng cao Vitamin A, C, B6 canxi, kali,

mangan Di y l nhng cng dng tuyt vi t qu nho.

+ Tt cho tim mch: Nho c bit tt cho tim mch.

+ Ngn nga bnh ung th: Nho c cha lng acid caffeic cao, l cht chng

ung th rt cng hiu.

+ Bnh hen suyn: C tc dng lm tng m trong phi lm gim nguy c

mc bnh hen suyn.

+ Tt cho mt: Dng cht flavonoit c trong nho c cng dng lm gim chi pht trin ca bnh c thy tinh th mt.

3.11 U

3.11.1 M t

Thuc loi thn mc nhng mm xp. L c cung di, trn v rng, l chia

thy su, xe ln. L cy a tnh, qu mu xanh, khi chn mu vng. Tht khi

chn mm,c mu vng, ta, . Ht thng trn, mu en.3.11.2 Tnh cht

V ngt, nha c c.

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3.11.3 Cng dng

Nhiu b phn ca cy u khng nhng c dng lm thc n m cn

c dng lm thuc cha nhiu bnh, nh bnh tim, chng mt ng, hay hi

hp, au lng mi gi, vim d dy mn tnh... Ngoi ra cn c tc dng b mu,

phc hi gan, gip tng sa ph n cho con b

Mt

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