tician tabizis publicistikamapress.tsu.edu.ge/data/image_db_innova/socialur...axmetelis, niko...

iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis

socialur da politikur mecnierebaTa fakulteti

mariam toraZe

tician tabiZis publicistikaMA

masobrivi komunikaciebis doqtoris

akademiuri xarisxis mosapoveblad wardgenili

d i s e r t a c i a

naSromi Sesrulebulia iv. javaxiSvilis

saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi

samecniero xelmZRvanelebi -

filosofiis doqtori JurnalistikaSi,

profesori dali CikvilaZe;

filologiis doqtori,

profesori Tamaz jologua.

Tbilisi 2013

avtoris stili daculia

2

sarCevi

ОглавлениеSesavali....................................................................................................................................................................... 4

I Tavi............................................................................................................................................................................. 14

publicistis SemoqmedebiTi individuloba epoqis pirispir........................... 14

1.1. epoqasTan adaptaciis fsiqologiuri motivebi ..................................................... 14

1.2. tician tabiZis publicisturi azrovnebis stilis ramdenimeTavisebureba.......................................................................................................................................................... 17

II Tavi........................................................................................................................................................................... 31

erovnuli problematikis amsaxveli statiebi................................................................. 31

2.1. „qarTuli idea“......................................................................................................................................... 31

2.2. `omis Tema qarTul mwerlobaSi~..........................................................................................40

2.3. ,,wyaldidoba saqarTveloSi”.....................................................................................................44

2.4. `saliteraturo qarTulisTvis~ ............................................................................................46

III Tavi.......................................................................................................................................................................55

werilebi qarTuli literaturuli cxovrebis organizebis Sesaxeb....55

3.1. ”saxelmwifo gamomcemloba” (werili 1-li) ...............................................................55

3.2. ”saxelmwifo gamomcemloba” (werili me-2) .................................................................57

3.3. ”qarTuli Jurnali” .............................................................................................................................59

3.4. ”saagarako saxli” .................................................................................................................................63

3.5.”momavali sezoni” ....................................................................................................................................66

IV Tavi.........................................................................................................................................................................69

werilebi axalgazrda Taobis problematikaze .............................................................69

4.1. ”studentobis tradiciebi”...........................................................................................................69

4.2. ”სtipendiebi” ...............................................................................................................................................724.3. ”Cveni studentoba”................................................................................................................................77

V Tavi........................................................................................................................................................................ 81

werilebi qarTvel xelovanTa socialuri problemebis Sesaxeb............... 81

5.1. ”fondi xelovnebisTvis” ................................................................................................................. 81

5.2. ”xelovnebis sasaxle”........................................................................................................................85

5.3. `specebis kuriozi” ...............................................................................................................................86

VI Tavi.........................................................................................................................................................................88

werilebi xelovnebaze ...............................................................................................................................88

3

6.1. musika _ ”zaqaria faliaSvili”......................................................................................88

6.2. Teatri - ,,kote marjaniSvili” ............................................................................................. 91

,,durujis“ deklaracia”........................................................................................................................... 91

6.3. ”rusTavelis Teatri”......................................................................................................................97

6.4. ”cxvris wyaro” qarTul scenaze” ......................................................................................101

6.5. qandakeba - ”akakis Zegli”...........................................................................................................104

6.6. mxatvroba - ”niko firosmani”.................................................................................................109

6.7. ”qimerioni”...................................................................................................................................................129

daskvna .......................................................................................................................................................................135

bibliografia.....................................................................................................................................................140

4

Sesavali

tician tabiZis saxeli mkiTxvelis cnobierebaSi asocirebulia mZafr

da elvare poeziasTan, modernistul-avangardistul mxatvrul ZiebebTan.

farTo sazogadoeba naklebad interesdeba misi publicisturi

SemoqmedebiT, romlis gacnobis gareSe SeuZlebeli iqneba tician tabiZis

personis srulyofilad danaxva.

iseTi rangis poetis daintereseba JurnalistikiT, rogoric tician

tabiZe iyo, mxolod moduri gataceba, cxadia, ar SeiZleboda yofiliyo.

misi publicisturi Semoqmedeba ar hgavs am sferoSi SemTxveviT

aRmoCenili adamianis trafaretul opusebs.

tician tabiZe, iseve rogorc sxvadasxva qveynis bevri gamoCenili

mwerali, JurnalistikaSi da publicistikaSi miizida sazogadoebrivi

azrovnebis am formisTvis niSandoblivma mkveTrma pirdapirobam,

emociurobam, polemikurobam.

simbolisturi Tu avangardistuli poeziis da publicistikis

Tanaarseboba tician tabiZis SemoqmedebaSi am pirovnebis farTo

inteleqtualur SesaZleblobebsa da interesebze metyvelebs. Cans, rom

tician tabiZis talants TviTgamoxatvisTvis mravalferovani saSualebebi

sWirdeba.

tician tabiZis publicistika maxvili, emociuri da erudiciiT

aRWurvili azrovnebis produqtia. Ppublicisturi Janrebi gasaqans

aZlevs tician tabiZis aqtualur azrs, mis miswrafebas, Tavisufali

fiqris procesis Tanamonawile mkiTxvelic gaxados. tician tabiZis

publicistika misi mkafio humanisturi msoflxedvis gamomJRavnebaa _ aq

nebismieri mosazreba, dakvirveba, informacia, faqti emsaxureba adamianisa

da sazogadoebis tkiviliani arsebobis warmoCenas.

aqtualoba

TanamedroveobaSi, CvenTanac da uxcoeTSic, mZafria interesi

totalitarizmis epoqis, rogorc mZime istoriuli memkvidreobis mimarT.

5

am epoqis specifikis warmoCenas araerTi gamokvleva mieZRvna.

gansakuTrebiT aqtualuria im mwerlebis, poetebis, saerTod, Semoqmedi

adamianebis naazrevis _ maT Soris publicisturis _ kvleva, romlebic

imsxverpla sastikma epoqam da romelTa sicocxle xSir SemTxvevaSi

swored am naazrevs Seewira. mkiTxvelisTvis sainteresoa, raze

fiqrobdnen da msjelobdnen isini im mZime wlebSi.

me-20 saukunis dasawyisis presa zogadad, da konkretulad _ tician

tabiZis publicistur-Jurnalisturi statiebi Tanamedrove Jurnalistikas

karnaxobs Tvalsawieris gafarToebas – dainteresebas adamianiT, misi

bediT, misi Rirseuli arsebobiT, SromiT da SemoqmedebiT.

dRes aqtualuria tician tabiZis weris meTodologiis gacnoba,

gaTvaliswineba. Aamas isic gansazRvravs, rom avtori Tavis statiebSi

warmodgeba rogorc aqtiuri da avtoritetuli moqalaqe.

mecnieruli siaxle

naSromSi gamovlenili da Seswavlilia tician tabiZis raritetuli

publikaciebi – me-20 saukunis dasawyisSi gamomaval gazeTebSi _

,,barrikadi“, ,,rubikoni“, ,,baxtrioni“ da ,,saqarTvelo“ – dabeWdili

sagazeTo statiebi, romlebic pirveli publikaciis Semdeg aRar

gamoqveynebula.

agreTve gaanalizebulia sxvadasxva akademiur gamocemebSi

gamoqveynebuli tician tabiZis publicisturi werilebi, rac, erTi mxriv,

avsebs misi Semoqmedebis Sesaxeb mkiTxvelis warmodgenas da, meore mxriv,

amdidrebs qarTuli Jurnalistikis istorias.

kvlevis miznebi da amocanebi

kvlevis mTavar mizans warmoadgens tician tabiZis publicistikis

Sinarsis da Rirebulebis warmoCena, aqtualizacia da masSi areklili

epoqis problematikis gamokveTa.

am mizans ukavSirdeba kvlevis Semdegi amocanebi:

6

realobasTan tician tabiZis, rogorc publicistis, adaptirebis

fsiqologiuri motivebis gagebis cda;

tician tabiZis publicisturi azrovnebis stilis zogierTi

Taviseburebis, azris gamoxatvis saxeobrivi da kompoziciuri xerxebis

ganxilva;

imis warmoCena, Tu ras miiCnevda publicisti erovnuli idento-

bisTvis safrTxis Semqmnel epoqaSi yvelaze mniSvnelovnad qarTuli

cnobierebis SenarCunebisa da ganviTarebisTvis;

mweralTa da xelovanTa, agreTve studentobis socialuri

mdgomareobis, literaturisa da xelovnebis socialuri funqcionirebis

problemebis gamokveTa publicistis naazrevSi;

xelovnebisadmi miZRvnili statiebis specifikaze dakvirveba;

dakvirveba imaze, Tu ramdenad da rogor axerxebs Tavisufali

Semoqmedi totalitaruli reJimis pirobebSi simarTlis gamoxatvas.

kvlevis meTodologia

kvlevisas teqstze muSaobis procesSi upirveles yovlisa

gamoyenebulia dokumentis detaluri da imavdroulad mTlianobiTi,

integrirebuli analizis meTodi, romlis meSveobiT interpretirebulia

teqsti, warmoCenili da gaazrebulia qveteqsti.

Kkvlevis analizis etapze gamoyenebulia istoriuli analizis

meTodi. tician tabiZis publicistika ganxilulia im epoqis konteqstSi,

romelSic igi Seiqmna, agreTve Tanamedroveobis gadmosaxedidan.

kvlevaSi gamoyenebulia SedarebiTi analizis meTodi, romlis

saSualebiT gamovlenilia paralelebi – warmodgenilia tician tabiZis

im TanamedroveTa araerTi mosazreba, romlebic amave TematikiT

interesdebodnen.

naSromSi ama Tu im formiT ganxilulia tician tabiZis 30-mde

publikacia – werilebi, romlebic sxvadasxva wyarodan iqna moZiebuli.

10-ze meti statia damuSavebulia tician tabiZis TxzulebaTa

7

samtomeulis meore da mesame tomebidan, xolo sxva statiebi _ me-20

saukunis dasawyisis qarTuli periodikidan – ZiriTadad

,,cisferyanwelTa” sagazeTo gamocemebidan: ,,baxtrioni” (redaqtori _

giorgi leoniZe. Ggamodioda 1922 wlis 3 ivlisidan 1923 wlis

Tebervlamde), ,,barrikadi” (redaqtori tician tabiZe. Ggamodioda 1922 -

1924 wlebSi, sakmao intervalebiT) da ,,rubikoni” (,,sruliad saqarTvelos

axali mwerlobis kavSiris” yovelkvireuli organo. gazeTs xels awers

saredaqcio kolegia. kavSirs, romelmac ori weli iarseba,

xelmZRvanelobda grigol robaqiZe). Aam gazeTebis araerTi nomeri

gadaurCa sabWoTa saxelmwifos mier maT mizanmimarTul ganadgurebas.

raritetebis fondi ZiriTadad daculia saqarTvelos parlamentis

erovnul biblioTekaSi da poet ioseb griSaSvilis saxl-muzeumSi

arsebul pirad arqivSi.

tician tabiZis publikaciebs Soris Cvens mier aqcenti gakeTda

maTze, romlebsac gamokveTilad publicisturi xasiaTi aqvT da amave

dros saSualebas iZlevian davakvirdeT, Tu ramdenad da rogor axerxebs

Tavisufali Semoqmedi totalitaruli reJimis pirobebSi simarTlis

gamoxatvas.

naSromis struqtura

sakvalifikacio naSromi, Sesavlisa da daskvnis garda, Sedgeba eqvsi

Tavisagan. naSroms axlavs damowmebuli da gamoyenebuli literaturis

sia.

pirveli Tavi eZRvneba sabWoTa realobasTan tician tabiZis

adaptaciis fsiqologiur motivebs; aqve warmodgenilia misi

publicisturi stilis da ostatobis zogadi daxasiaTeba.

Mmeore TavSi gaerTianebuli statiebi gamoxatavs tician tabiZis

refleqsias qarTul erovnul xasiaTze, saqarTvelos bedze, qarTul

enaze.

8

Mmesame TavSi ganxilulia tician tabiZis raritetuli statiebi,

romlebic exeba qarTuli literaturuli cxovrebis organizebis rTul

problemebs, arsebiTad ki literaturis gadarCenis problemas sabWoTa

reJimis pirobebSi.

meoTxe TavSi saubaria im rariteuli statiebis Sesaxeb, romlebic

warmoadgens publicistis cdas, sazogadoebis da xelisuflebis

yuradReba mimarTos axalgazrda Taobis, kerZod, studentebis mwvave

socialuri problemebisaken.

mexuTe TavSi laparakia publicistur statiebze, romlebSic

qarTvel xelovanTa mZime socialuri mdgomareobaa ganxiluli.

meeqvse TavSi msjelobis sagania tician tabiZis publicisturi

gamoxmaurebebi qarTuli Teatris, musikis, qandakebis, mxatvrobis

gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobis mqone novatorul movlenebze.

sakiTxis Seswavlis istoria

qarTuli Jurnalistikis istoriaSi tician tabiZis publicistika

misi Semoqmedebidan ar gamocalkevebula rogorc sagangebo Seswavlis

sagani, magram misi calkeuli publicisturi nawarmoebebi, bunebrivia,

mkvlevarTa yuradRebis miRma ar darCenila.

poetis biografiisa da eseistikis mkvlevarTa Soris gansakuTrebuli

aRniSvnis Rirsia mirian abulaZis monografia ,,tician tabiZe” (abulaZe:

1961), sargis caiSvilis wigni ,,winamorbedni da Tanamedroveni” (caiSvili:

1986), akaki vasaZis ,,tician tabiZe” (vasaZe: 1985), zaza abzianiZis

,,literaturuli portretebi” (abzianiZe: 2009), soso siguas ,,modernizmi”

(sigua: 2008) da sxva samecniero-kvleviTi xasiaTis naSromebi. unda iTqvas,

rom am naSromebSi tician tabiZis publicistika ar aris gaanalizebuli,

magram zogadad Sefasebulia da es Sefaseba mniSvnelovania.

9

Mmirian abulaZe Seiswavlis tician tabiZis biografiasa da poetur

Semoqmedebas, xolo publicistikis Sesaxeb aRniSnavs, rom is metyvelebs

misi avtoris farTo literaturul interesebze, romelic Janrobrivi

TvalsazrisiT arasdros izRudeboda. abulaZe maRal Sefasebas aZlevs

tician tabiZis publicistikas da miiCnevs, rom poetma ,,Tavis SesaniSnav

poeziasTan erTad, dagvitova ostaturad dawerili mxatvruli narkvevebi,

istoriul-literaturuli da Teoriuli gamokvlevebi, publicisturi

werilebi da brwyinvale eseisturi xasiaTis nawerebi” (abulaZe 1961: 12).

sargis caiSvilis azriT, tician tabiZis werilebSi ,,naTlad Cans is

farTo literaturuli horizonti da maRali gemovneba, rac udavod iyo

tician tabiZis mTeli Semoqmedebis mTavari niSan-Tviseba” (caiSvili 1986:

142).

akaki vasaZes tician tabiZe warmoudgeba ara mxolod qarTuli

leqsis novatorad, romelsac, agreTve, didi wvlili miuZRvis rusuli da

evropuli poeziis TargmnaSi, aramed ,,istoriulad principuli

mniSvnelobis Teoriuli da publicisturi werilebis avtorad, qarTuli

Teatris ganaxleba-aRorZinebis bed-iRbalze mzrunvel moamaged da im

WeSmarit saxalxo moRvawed, Tavis wil bevrad rom apirobebda

kulturul-SemoqmedebiTi atmosferos sisavses da cxovelmyofelobas”

(vasaZe 1985: 3). Aa. vasaZe saubrobs tician tabiZis mravalmxriv

SemoqmedebiT talantze, romlis upirvelesi niSnebia mZlavri pirovnuli

energia da dauokebeli swrafva TviTgamosaxvisken. Aavtori sagangebod

msjelobs tician tabiZis aRtacebul damokidebulebaze qarTvel

studentTa brZolisunarianobisadmi da Seaxsenebs mkiTxvels mis statias

,,studentobis tradiciebi” (vasaZe 1985: 14).

zaza abzianiZis statiaSi igrZnoba empaTia tician tabiZis poeturi

naturis mimarT. mkafio StrixebiT aris daxatuli misi SemoqmedebiTi

portreti. avtori am ganumeoreblad Taviseburi, artistuli da

Tavisufebismoyvare adamianis cxovrebis logikur finalad miiCnevs

sabWoTa represiebis epoqaSi mis tragikul daRupvas. ,,arc ticianamde,

arc Semdeg, arcerT qarTvel poets aseTi mondomebiT sagangebod ar

uZerwia Tavisi ieri... ticianis cxovreba am scenaze daiwyo rogorc

uwyinari TamaSi, rogorc farsi, Tavisi tradiciuli niRbebiT, magram

10

damTavrda, rogorc berZnuli tragedia _ ulmoblad da SemaZrwuneblad”

(abzianiZe 2009: 286).

soso sigua wignSi ,,modernizmi” mkiTxvels acnobs im ZiriTad

braldebebs, romlebic sabWoTa xelisuflebis mier iyo SeTiTxnili

tician tabiZis winaaRmdeg: poeti ,,mxilebul da ganadgurebul iqna...“ _

mas dabralda teroristul-diversiul, jaSuSur organizaciebTan

urTierToba sabWoTa kavSiris damxobis mizniT, monawileoba faSistur

organizaciaSi, mavnebloba literaturisa da xelovnebis frontze (sigua

2008: 184-185).

wignSi Tavmoyrilia informacia ,,cisferyanwelebis” mier gamocemuli

gazeTebis Sesaxeb (sigua 2008: 111-113).

statiaSi ,,omi da literatura” soso sigua mimoixilavs tician

tabiZis Tanamedrove qarTveli mwerlebis _ konstantine gamsaxurdias,

grigol robaqiZis, paolo iaSvilis da TviTon tician tabiZis

mosazrebebs am Temaze. wignis avtors gansakuTrebulad sainteresod

miaCnia tician tabiZis werili ,,omis Tema qarTul mwerlobaSi”, romelic

,,pacifizmis winaaRmdegaa mimarTuli da amarTlebs omis aucileblobas,

qarTvelTa mebrZol suls, romelic hqonda dids Tu pataras”(sigua 2008:

70). mkvlevaris azriT, tician tabiZem omis heroika qarTveli eris

nacionalur Tvisebad miiCnia da Tanamokalmeebs mouwoda, egrZnoT omis

suli da ar efiqraT omis borotebaze (sigua 2008: 70).

amave statiis _ ,,omis Tema qarTul mwerlobaSi” _ Sesaxeb msjelobs

tician tabiZis prozis mkvlevari salome kapanaZe (kapanaZe 2005: 121-123).

2002 wels gazeTSi ,,Cveni mwerloba” gamoqveynda tician tabiZis am

statiis Cveni analizi, romelic warmodgenilia sadisertacio naSromSi

(toraZe 2002b: 4).

salome kapanaZis wigni ,,cisferi yanwebidan _ maradisobamde”

(kapanaZe: 2005) mniSvnelovani da sayuradRebo naSromia tician tabiZis

publicistikis kvlevis TvalsazrisiT. aq gamoTqmulia mosazreba, rom

tician tabiZis ,,sruli identifikaciisTvis, namdvili ragvarobis

gansazRvrisTvis sakmarisi ar aris misi lirikuli Sedevrebis Sefaseba,

aucilebelia misi prozauli memkvidreobis Rirebulebis

gaTvaliswinebac” (kapanaZe 2005: 12).

11

Mmkvlevari Tavis wignSi aanalizebs tician tabiZis prozas _

moTxrobebs, prozaul miniaturebs, novelebs, kinoscenars da maTSi

simbolizmis gamovlinebebs eZebs. magram avtoris yuradRebis miRma ar

darCenila tician tabiZis ramdenime publicisturi narkvevic, magaliTad,

,,axali mcxeTa” (kapanaZe 2005: 62-63), ,,qarTveli mwerlebi somxeTSi”

(kapanaZe 2005: 69-73). Aes ori narkvevi Cvens mierac iyo Seswavlili, rac

aisaxa 1997 wels Tsu Jurnalistikis fakultetis konferenciaze

wardgenil moxsenebasa da gamoqveynebul TezisebSi: ,,tician tabiZis

narkvevebis kompozicia” (toraZe 1997: 17,18). Ees kvleva asaxulia Cvens

sadisertacio naSromSi.

s. kapanaZe aanalizebs tician tabiZis statiebs _ ,,saliteraturo

qarTulisTvis” da ,,tfilisi” _ miZRvnils qarTuli enis diskriminirebis

Temisadmi da miaCnia, rom es statiebi ,,erovnuli TviTgamorkvevis mwvave

problemebiTaa aRsavse” (kapanaZe 2005: 184,185).

s. kapanaZis zemoTxsenebul wignSi mimoxilulia tician tabiZis

narkvevebi _ ,,axali kolxida”, ,,rionidan enguramde”, ,,tyvarCeli”,

,,orpiri”, ,,erTi kvira oseTSi” (kapanaZe 2005: 51-67) da Sefasebulia isini,

rogorc aRmSeneblobis ideiT gatacebuli humanisti mwerlis

Txzulebebi.

s. kapanaZis wignSi adgili eTmoba tician tabiZis narkvevs ,,ase iReba

kulturis kari darialTan” (kapanaZe 2005: 80-81). Ees narkvevi imiTac aris

mniSvnelovani, rom warmoaCens tician tabiZis aqtiur mcdelobas,

Seitanos wvlili saqarTvelos kulturul cxovrebaSi, gaaaqtiuros

erovnuli saganZuris dacva da popularizacia. Naq saubaria qarTveli

poetis cnobil iniciativaze, yazbegSi daearsebinaT saliteraturo da

mxareTmcodneobiTi muzeumi, romelic aleqsandre yazbegis cxovrebisa da

moRvaweobis amsaxveli muzeumic iqneboda.

gasaziarebelia s. kapanaZis Sexeduleba ilia WavWavaZis mkvlelobis

me-15 wlisTavze dawerili tician tabiZis werilis paTosis Sesaxebac: ,,20-

30-ian wlebSi proletaruli kritika f. maxaraZis meTaurobiT gaafTrebiT

ebrZoda iliasa da misi Semoqmedebis mkvlevarT... aseT atmosferoSi t.

tabiZem mainc moaxerxa eTqva mTavari saTqmeli ilias, rogorc poetisa

da eriskacis did misiaze qarTul sinamdvileSi” (kapanaZe 2005: 133-134).

12

s.kapanaZis TqmiT, es ,,narkvevebi ufro saagitaciod arian

gamiznuli...” da maTSi vlindeba ,,ideologiuri da momwodebluri paTosi”

(kapanaZe 2005: 82). gasagebia, ra tipis agitaciasa da ideologiaze

saubrobs mkvlevari. am sakiTxis arsis interpretirebis cdaa mocemuli

Cvens moxsenebaSi _ ,,tician tabiZis sabWoTa periodis narkvevebis

fsiqologiuri motivaciis gagebis cda”, romelic wakiTxuli iyo

saqarTvelos umaRlesi saswavleblebisa da Tsu Jurnalistikis

fakultetis respublikur samecniero konferenciaze da aisaxa

gamoqveynebul TezisebSi (toraZe 2002a: 40-43) masala warmodgenilia Cvens

naSromSi.

samarTliania s. kapanaZis mier gamoTqmuli Tvalsazrisi, rom tician

tabiZis ,,mxatvruli koncefciis wyalobiT epoqisTvis damaxasiaTebeli

sazogadoebriv-politikuri, socialuri da sulieri cxovreba asaxulia

maxvili publicistis TvaliT... narkvevebi TvalsaCinos xdian mwerlis

ganswavlulobas, sinamdvilis novatorul, maRalxatovan xilva-aTvisebis

unars... publicistur sibrZnesa da gancdiTi simaxviliT savse mxatvrul

azrovnebas” (kapanaZe 2005: 82).

s. kapanaZis naSromSi saubaria tician tabiZeze, rogorc qarTuli

Teatrisa da mxatvrobis qomagze, am sferoSi novaciebis mxardamWerze.

mkvlevaris interesi fokusirebulia kote marjaniSvilis, sandro

axmetelis, niko firosmanis, lado gudiaSvilisa da iakob nikolaZis

SemoqmedebiT naturebze, kafe ,,qimerionis” STambeWdaobasa da

momxibvlelobaze (kapanaZe 2005: 172-183).

aRsaniSnavia, rom profesionalma qarTvelma Teatrmcodneebma _

profesorebma vasil kiknaZem da nodar gurabaniZem _ TavianT wignebsa da

saxelmZRvaneloebSi gamokveTes tician tabiZis, rogorc Teatraluri

reformis erT-erTi ideologis figura, daimowmes misi werilebi da

gamoxmaurebebi Teatris Sesaxeb. vasil kiknaZe msjelobs

,,cisferyanwelebisa” da ,,durujelebis” pirad megobrul kontaqtebze,

romelTac ,,uTuod esTetikuri xasiaTis principebic edo safuZvlad”

(kiknaZe 2003: 523). Aavtori sagangebod aRniSnavs, rom tician tabiZe

Tanadgomas ucxadebda ,,durujis” manifests da mis ,,kadnier tonsac” ki

13

uWerda mxars. Aaqve moyvanilia tabiZis citata statiidan ,,durujis”

deklaracia” (kiknaZe 2003: 525).

Nnodar gurabaniZe lope de vegas piesis _ ,,fuente ovexunas”

marjaniSviliseuli dadgmis mimoxilvisas imowmebs tician tabiZis,

rogorc TviTmxilvelis da, SeiZleba iTqvas, erT-erTi pirveli

recenzentis, mosazrebebs: ,,marjaniSvils aqvs mozRvavebuli mewyeris

STagoneba da Tu zvavad wamovida...” (gurabaniZe 2012: 15).

1999 wels Jurnal ,,ciskarSi” daibeWda Cveni statia ,,tician tabiZe

erovnuli TviTcnobierebis Sesaxeb”, romelSic gaanalizebulia tician

tabiZis mier 1916 wels gazeT ,,saqarTveloSi” gamoqveynebuli statia

,,qarTuli idea” (toraZe 1999: 132-134). masala warmodgenilia sadisertacio

naSromSi.

14

I Tavi

publicistis SemoqmedebiTi individuloba epoqis pirispir

1.1. epoqasTan adaptaciis fsiqologiuri motivebi

,,...da me xandisxan meCveneba

viTom samyaro

baRia didi, dawyevlili

da Sxamiani.

mZime mxedarni, SublSekruli

da uabjaro

mohqrian: rembo, eredia,

emil verharni.

TiTqo SecdomiT Semiyvana

viRacam baRSi

da SiSiT vxedav gigantis Crdils

mimfrinav mxedars.

uRono, susti, avtirdebi

patara bavSvi

da Tan mrcxvenia, vixedebi,

xom arvin mxedavs...” _

uabjaroni

(tabiZe 1995: 30)

„ ...politikur ambebSi me savsebiT naTlad ver verkveodi. Cemi

damokidebuleba rusul da frangul simbolizmTan sruliad

arakritikuli iyo... metismetad did xarks vuxdidiT arajansaR, bohemur

artistizms, vqadagebdiT „xelovnebisaTvis“... samma welma, romelmac

ganvlo oqtombridan saqarTveloSi sabWoTa xelisuflebis damyarebamde

da siaxlovem axalgazrda bolSevik megobrebTan, romlebic

saqarTveloSi iatakqveS muSaobas eweodnen, SegnebaSi garkveuli sinaTle

15

Seitana“ (tabiZe 1960: 23-24) – sikvdilmisjilis Sewyalebis Txovnis

intonaciiT aRbeWdili avtobiografia misi avtoris – tician tabiZis

„miwasTan dabrunebas“ amcnobda sazogadoebas. am tragikuli

Semobrunebis Semdeg bohemuri artistebi, melanqoliuri pieroebi da

aristokrati dendebi, imdroindeli komunisturi nomenklaturis eniT rom

vTqvaT, „mxatvruli inteligenciis im saukeTeso warmomadgenlebad

iqcnen, romelTac partiis brZnuli politikis meoxebiT gadaWriT

gawyvites kavSiri Zvel samyarosTan, aRiares axali ideur-esTetikuri

mrwamsi, aqtiurad Caebnen axali cxovrebis mSeneblobaSi“ (saqarTvelos...

1976: 860). swored am konteqstSi unda ganvixiloT tician tabiZis

Jurnalisturi moRvaweobis erTi aspeqti – sabWoTa publicisturi

narkvevebis ciklis Seqmna.

tician tabiZis poeturi msoflSegnebis mTavari Tviseba sicocxlis

siyvarulia _ „maS, gamarjveba, tkbilo sicocxlev!” (tabiZe 1982: 564).

magram sicocxlis winaSe aRtacebas Tan sdevda moaxloebuli sikvdilis

mwvave winaTgrZnoba _ „Tu Rrma ReleSi Cveni Tavebi sadme dagordes...”

(tabiZe 1982: 530) Zaladobis, Tavisufali nebis uzurpirebis pirobebSi,

sikvdilis pirispir mdgomi poeti misi daZlevis, masze amaRlebis Tu

misgan gaqcevis aucileblobis winaSe aRmoCnda. tician tabiZis mier am

wlebSi Seqmnil narkvevebSi zogjer ufro yrud, zogjer ki

yurismomWrelad gaismis sabWoTa propagandistuli paTetika, rac unda

ganvixiloT rogorc Sinagani SfoTviT gamowveuli, gaucnobierebeli

prevenciuli saSualeba, mimarTuli sicocxlisadmi muqaris Semcveli

situaciis aRsakveTad.

mosalodneli Tavdasxmis molodinSi, mZime moraluri presingis

pirobebSi individi uucxovdeba sakuTar Tavs, is mTlianad iTavisebs

pirovnebis im tips, romelsac mas sTavazobs sayovelTao Sabloni,

gaurbis Tavisuflebas da axdens arsebiTad Tavsmoxveul, magram

moCvenebiTad nebayoflobiT konformizacias. tician tabiZe narkvevebSi

cdilobs mihyves sabWoTa cxovrebis mdinarebas, aRfrTovandes sabWoTa

aRmSeneblobiT da daarwmunos sakuTari Tavi, rom aRmSenebloba

namdvilia da bednierebis momtani.

16

amasTan erTad, „aCrdilTa qveynidan“ dabrunebuli cisferyanwelis

Jurnalistur narkvevebSi aisaxa realuri, nivTieri samyaros monatreba,

romelSic garegnulad raRac TiTqos sasikeTod icvleboda. „axali

mcxeTa“ (tabiZe 1966b: 31-37), „axali kolxida“ (tabiZe1966b: 192-221) – „roca

ixsneba axali mcxeTa, roca safuZveli eyreba eris axal ekonomikur

aRorZinebas... unda ismodes axali gamarjvebis simRera Sromisa da Zmobis

kavSirisTvis, sabWoTa respublikebis SeduRebisa da saxalxo

saxelmwifos ganmtkicebisTvis“ (tabiZe 1966b: 35).

pirovnebis qvecnobieri samyaros Seswavlis gaRrmavebam Tanamedrove

fsiqologiaSi skefsisi gaaCina teqstis Riad mocemuli Sinaarsis mimarT

da gaamZafra interesi misi dafaruli plastebisadmi. Tu am rakursiT

ganvixilavT tician tabiZis narkvevebs, davinaxavT, rom frustraciisa da

sulieri gangaSis pirobebSi aRmoCenili pirovnebis fsiqikaSi _ „viRaca

dadis xmalamowvdili...” (tabiZe 2005: 67) gaucnobiereblad erTveba egos

erT–erTi damcavi meqanizmi – racionalizacia. am SemTxvevaSi adamians

eqmneba iluzia, rom is subieqturad gulwrfelia, sinamdvileSi ki Tavs

ityuebs da cru argumentaciis safuZvelze cdilobs iracionaluri qceva

dafaros racionalizaciiT (heli, zigleri 1997: 130-131). tician tabiZis

narkvevebis sabWoTa publicisturi paTosi TviTgadarCenis instinqtis

tragikul gamoZaxilad unda miviCnioT.

adamianis sulis gaxleCa sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi momxdari

gaxleCis epicentria, amitom, Tuki gvsurs ufro detaluri warmodgena

viqonioT siRrmiseul realobaze, saWiroa ufro dawvrilebiT

ganvixiloT ganxeTqileba adamianis sulSi (toinbi: 1991). tician tabiZis

faqiz, miamitur da mgrZnobiare naturaSi sulis gaxleCa, rogorc Cans,

swored e.w. „miwasTan dabrunebam“ gamoiwvia – codvilobis gancda,

zneobrivi marcxis mtanjveli SegrZneba dabada, mtkivneuli

refleqsiisken, TviTCaRrmavebis da TviTSefasebisken ubiZga, magram es

rTuli sulieri Sinaarsic kvlav sabWouri ideologiuri sqemebiT da

kliSeebiT, demonstraciuli sabWouri egzaltaciiT ifareba, romlis

miRma mainc igrZnoba sakuTar Tavze Zaldataneba. „oqtombris Semdeg

araTu axali adamianebi daibadnen, – oqtombris win dabadebuli xalxic

xelmeored daibada da moinaTla axali cecxliT da niaRvriT... da mec

17

Cems Tavze vakvirdebi am meore adamians, axal kacs, axali grZnobiT da

STabeWdilebiT” („tolstois dReebi“, tabiZe 1966b: 9).

“axali cecxliT“ naTloba tician tabiZisTvis tragikulad

dasrulda.

1.2. tician tabiZis publicisturi azrovnebis stilis ramdenime

Tavisebureba

tician tabiZis publicisturi statiebi da narkvevebi ideurad,

Tematurad, siuJeturad, saxeTa sistemis Tu sxva TvalsazrisiT sagangebo

kvlevas, specifikur Seswavlas moiTxovs. amjerad Cveni mizania

ganvsazRvroT misi publicisturi azrovnebis stilis ramdenime

Tavisebureba, misi publicisturi opusebis kompoziciuri wyobis, Sinagani

aRnagobis damaxasiaTebeli niSnebi.

tician tabiZis narkvevTa kompoziciuri mTlianoba, rogorc Cans,

SemTxveviTi da uneblie movlena ki ar aris, aramed sruliad

gaazrebulia da mizandasaxuladaa miRweuli. Txrobis saSualebebi –

siuJeturi xazis dinamiuri ganviTareba an mSvidi, statikuri pasaJebi,

personaJTa ganlageba, svla warsulidan momavlisken da bevri sxva ram

gvaZlevs safuZvels, vifiqroT, rom nawarmoebis kompoziciuri simwyobre

da gamarTuloba tician tabiZis mier publicistikaSi poeziidan,

literaturidan “gadmonergili” mwerluri ostatobis komponentia.

tician tabiZis narkvevTa kompoziciaSi gansakuTrebul yuradRebas

ipyrobs nawarmoebis siuJetis wyoba, agreTve siuJetisgareTa elementebi –

lirikuli wiaRsvlebi, analitikuri gansja, STabeWdilebebi da teqstis

Tanafardoba fragmentTan, avtoris teqstebis erTobliobasTan,

konteqstisa da qveteqstis gaazreba, avtoris Sinagani samyaros

spontanuri gamovlinebebi da sxv.

imisTvis, rom SeZlebisdagvarad warmogveCina tician tabiZis

publicisturi stili, misi, rogorc publicistis azrovnebis

konstruqcia, narkvevebis saerTo simwyobre da teqstobriv elementTa

urTierTmimarTebis sistema, gadavwyviteT am TvalsazrisiT

davkvirvebodiT mis or narkvevs – `axali mcxeTa” (tabiZe 1966b: 31-37) da

18

`qarTveli mwerlebi somxeTSi” (tabiZe 1966b: 192-220). Cveni survilia, am

nawarmoebebze dakvirvebiT da, xSir SemTxvevaSi, maTi SedarebiT

SesaZlebeli gavxadoT ganzogadebuli daskvnebis gamotana imis Taobaze,

Tu ra sayrdenebze agebs avtori Tavisi narkvevebis arqiteqtonikas da

zogadad rogor warmoudgenia mas narkvevis struqturuli organizeba.

ratom SevarCieT maincdamainc es ori narkvevi?

upirveles yovlisa, unda iTqvas, rom orive erT weliwads – 1927

welsaa dawerili. drois Tanxvedra saSualebas gvaZlevs Tvali

gavadevnoT mwerlis msoflmxedvelobriv evolucias, SemoqmedebiT

impulsebs misi Jurnalisturi moRvaweobis erT konkretul periodSi.

magram mTavari isaa, rom bevr identur, Tanmxvedr tendenciasTan erTad

am or narkvevSi ikveTeba erTi yvelaze Zlieri, Tu SeiZleba ase iTqvas,

magistraluri motivi, RerZi, romlis garSemo viTardeba nawarmoebis

fabula, Tavs iyris mTavari saTqmeli. es aris ,,Zvelis” da ,,axlis”

konfliqti, maTi urTierTmiziduloba Tu erTmaneTisgan ganzidva. orive

narkvevSi zogjer aSkarad mizanmimarTulad, zogjer ki, albaT,

gaucnobierebladac gamJRavnebulia es mTavari motivi.

tician tabiZis narkvevi `qarTveli mwerlebi somxeTSi” e.w.

samogzauro narkvevTa Janrs ganekuTvneba, magram aq daZleulia viwro

sabWoTa Janrobrivi SezRudvebi da werili originalur da efeqtur

publicistur nawarmoebad warmodgeba. saTauri da narkvevis daweris

TariRi Tavidanve aRZravs Sesabamis asociaciebs da ganwyobilebas –

gvaxsendeba “xalxTa megobrobis” sabWoTa fenomeni _

naxevradgulwrfeli da naxevradyalbi urTierTobebi, simarTlenarevi

tyuilebi, diTirambebi, fuWi uxvsityvaoba da sadRegrZeloebismagvari

moxsenebebi. Znelia imis warmodgena, rom am Temaze im wlebSi raime

arastandartuli SeiZleboda daweriliyo. arada, swored ase wers tician

tabiZe. misi inteligenturi fraza, gonebamaxviluri aqcentebi da

orazrovani svlebi saintereso da sasiamovno sakiTxavs xdis mezobel

respublikaSi mogzaurobis suraTebs. Nnarkvevi xuTi nawilisgan

Sedgeba. mwerali Tanmimdevrulad, mwyobrad, mSvidi da auRelvebeli

toniT, yovelgvari cru paTosis (romelic ase `mouxdeboda” am Sinaarsis

werils) gareSe aRwers qarTveli mwerlebis erTi jgufis mogzaurobas

19

Tbilisidan erevnamde. weris manera xSirad mogagonebT dRiuris ubralo,

gulRia stils – avtori TiTqos TavisTvis iwers STabeWdilebebs, rom

wlebis Semdeg siamovnebiT gadaikiTxos isini.

iseve rogorc tician tabiZis narkvevTa umravlesoba, narkvevi àxali

mcxeTac” nawilebad, momcro Tavebad aris dayofili (4 Tavi). TiToeuli

nawili warmoadgens ganumeorebeli azrobrivi daniSnulebis mqone

erTeuls, romelTa gamTlianebiTac iqmneba srulyofili literaturuli

“organizmi”.

narkvevi eZRvneba zemo avWalis hidroelsadguris gaxsnas, rasac

avtori qarTveli eris istoriaSi axali epoqis dawyebis kvalifikacias

aZlevs; magram aq imdeni urTierTgadamkveTi Tema da motivia, rom

sabolood gacilebiT farTovdeba narkvevis Sinaarsi da tician tabiZe

eris istoriuli warsulis, xalxis aRmSeneblobiTi energiis saTaveTa

originalur kvlevas gvTavazobs. mogvianebiT poeti dawers leqss ,,axali

mcxeTa”: ,, ...da im adgilas, sadac odesRac

Zvel dinastiaT dagrovda ferfli,

eleqtros cecxlSi sdgas qvis taZari

fantastiuri da eifeli...”

(tabiZe 1933: 7).

àxali mcxeTa” – sityva àxali”-s (romelic TavisTavad gulisxmobs

,,Zvelis” arsebobas) da qarTul cnobierebaSi siZvelisa da arqaulobis

sinonimis – `mcxeTis” – SekavSirebiT iqmneba erTgvari opoziciuri

wyvili, romlis saTaurSi gamotana ukve amJRavnebs avtoris tendencias.

es tendencia SeimCneva meore narkvevSic – `qarTveli mwerlebi somxeTSi”,

sadac vkiTxulobT – àq mainc sagrZnobia axali cxovrebis dabadeba da

SeiZleba arsad ar iyos iseTi kontrasti Zvelisa da axlisa, rogorc aq,

gogCis tbaze”(tabiZe 1966b: 203). amgvari mkveTri Sepirispirebis _

gamokveTili laitmotivis – garSemo agebs da mxatvrulad amTlianebs

avtori am narkvevebs.

Sepirispirebebze damyarebuli azrovnebis stili, rogorc Cans,

saerTodac damaxasiaTebelia tician tabiZisTvis. misi narkvevebis

kompoziciur struqturaSi erTmaneTs kveTs polarulobis Semcveli

20

araerTi laitmotivi, romlebic, albaT, isev da isev ,,axlisa” da ,,Zvelis”

dapirispirebis Taviseburi variaciebia.

es laitmotivebia sicocxle da sikvdili, ocneba da sinamdvile,

sakuTari da sxvisi, tyuili da marTali, miTi da reloba, buneba da

civilizacia, romantizmi da realizmi, suli da materia da sxv. isini

kompoziciis iseT msxvil komponentebSi arian SeWrilni, rogorebicaa

peizaJebi, portretebi, istoriuli CanarTebi, an Tavs iCenen ambis

Txrobasa Tu intimur lirikul wiaRsvlebSi. Cveni saubaric swored am

ramdenime „binarul opozicias“ Seexeba.

tician tabiZisTvis ucxoa weris mxolod aRweriTi an gansjiTi

manera, is qmnis dauviwyar tropebs, saxeebs, saxeTa mTel sistemas. am

sistemaSi eqceva ,,Zvelisa” da ,,axlis” dapirispirebis laitmotivic.

`Zvelis” mxatvruli saxis Seqmnas ZiriTadad emsaxureba am narkvevebis

umSvenieresi pasaJebi, – nawarmoebis kompoziciis mniSvnelovani

komponenti – istoriuli eqskursebi, romlebic erudiciis

brwyinvalebiTa da virtuozuli artistulobiT aris Sesrulebuli

(narkvevebSi maT sakmaod mozrdili adgili – mTeli Tavebi aqvs

daTmobili).

narkvevi _ `qarTveli mwerlebi somxeTSi” _ II nawili – `gogCis tba

– sevani” (tabiZe 1966b: 197-205) swored amgvari istoriuli CanarTia,

romelic poeturi STagonebiT aris dawerili. es, rasakvirvelia, im

winaswarganwyobamac ganapiroba, aleqsandre WavWavaZis romantiuli

sevdiT gamsWvalulma leqsma rom aRuZra `cisferyanwel” poets da axla

TiTqos or poets erTad ucqerda istoria...

`gogCa” aleqsandre WavWavaZis saukeTeso leqsad miaCnia tician

tabiZes. vrceli citatebi leqsidan poeturi ilustraciaa tragikuli

bedisa, romelic am qveyanas ergo, im saSineli movlenebisa, romlebic

swored aq – sevanze datrialda – `rasac osmalos jari ver gawvda, is

moaTava partaxtianma tifma da SimSilma. swored aq, sevanis napirebze

yofila mTavari banaki ltolvilebisa – es uzarmazari tba Turme maSin

raRac veeberTela morgvs warmoadgenda, sadac mkvdrebis gaxrwnil

ormoebSi suls levda jer kidev cocxali xalxi” (tabiZe 1966b: 200).

21

tician tabiZes ar SeuZlia istoriaze mSralad, qronistis saqmiani

da ugrZnobeli toniT wera. misi naweri mdidaria iseTi kompoziciuri

elementebiT, rogoricaa asociaciebi da emociuri wiaRsvlebi, mdidaria

movlenaTa Taviseburi interpretaciis Semcveli analitikuri StrixebiT.

sevanis tba am narkvevSi TiTqos simboloa somxeTis istoriisa,

TiTqos am tbaSi CaZirula, gaqvavebula aqauri sicocxle, silamaze: `ra

silamazeze unda ifiqro aq kacma, roca mTeli es qveyana bewvis xididan

Camovardnili da SemTxveviT gadarCenili xalxiT aris dasaxlebuli”

(tabiZe 1966b: 200) _ TanagrZnoba gamosWvivis am qveynis istoriis

TxrobaSi. aq istoria gacocxlebulia adamianebiT, mis sivrceSi

adamianebi moCanan, TavianTi ubedurebiTa da tkiviliT – `visac mxolod

gazeTebis qronikaSi waukiTxavs, Tu rogor avlebda musrs aq enver-faSas

armia imperialisturi omis dros, vinc icis, rom yofili mefis jaris

generlebic aTasi momizezebiT uTavebdnen xels somxebis Jletas, agreTve

kavkasiis frontis moSlis Semdeg rogor atilas risxviT gaiara aq

osmaleTis jarma, da garSemo dasaxlebulma musulmanurma tomebmac

rogor gaiwafes xeli ltolvilTa JletaSi, mas kidev ar aqvs

warmodgena, Tu ra jojoxeTis geena yofila aq datrialebuli” (tabiZe

1966b: 202).

es midamo mwerlisTvis bibliuri adgilebia, `SeqmnaTa wignis”

uZvelesi istoriis Tvalxiluli ilustraciaa – `mTebis ferdobze

CaRrmavebul ubeSi kidev moCans CarCenili Tovli. da es atirebuli

TeTri lanqeri TiTqo im mtredebis gundia, bibliuri gadmocemiT

patriarqma noem rom gamouSva Tavisi kidobnidan, da warRvnis Semdgom

araratze darCa...” (tabiZe 1966b: 206).

sevanze mogzaurobis aRweras emociur fonad aRfrTovanebasTan

erTad gasdevs mowiweba, agreTve dardi, wuxili da sinanuli imis gamo,

rom `mimavali feodaluri klasis saukeTeso ostatis” – aleqsandre

WavWavaZis Tqmisa ar iyos, `sad hyvavebulan დdidebula qalaqni vrcelni...

dRes vxedavT oden buTa da natamalTa...” (tabiZe 1966b: 202). tician tabiZe

wers: `es adgili sakacobrio kulturis uZvelesi keraa... uneburad

gipyrobs sidiade da grZnob gadasuli uzarmazari kulturis gavlenas”

(tabiZe 1966b: 202). mas am Zveli kolizeumis elferis mqone midamos

22

danaxva sakraluri gancdiT msWvalavs da fiqrobs, rom iSviaTad iqneba

kaci, rom aq marTla guli ar SeuRondes da raRac zeadamianuri grZnoba

ar ganicados. aseTia `Zveli” samyaro...

magram swored “zeadamianuri”, zeaweuli grZnobebisa da poeturi

melanqoliis gverdiT Tavs iCens metad miwieri adamianuri gancdebi da

prozauli yofa – `magram aq mainc sagrZnobia axali cxovrebis dabadeba

da SeiZleba arsad ar iyos iseTi kontrasti Zvelisa da axlisa, rogorc

aq, gogCis tbaze” (tabiZe 1966b: 203) da aqve SemoiWreba àxali” samyaro –

romantikul msoflio sevdas, amaoebis grZnobas cvlis òflisa da

Sromis mxneobis” motivebi.

Txrobis stili dinjia da sada. Nnarkvevis avtoris daxvewili

gemovnebis da mwerluri ostatobis wyalobiT masSi yovelgvari paTosis

gareSe Cndebian enTuziasti mecnierebi, pionerebi da komkavSirelebi.

iwyeba mitingi aucilebeli “repertuariT” – dafdafebis xmiTa da

sazeimo sityvebiT moZme xalxTa Sromisa da megobrobis Sesaxeb... cxadia,

sagangebodaa gamoyenebuli kontrastis efeqti, raTa warmoCndes da

erTmaneTisagan advilad gasarCevi iyos namdvili da surogati, azri da

absurdi.

Tu `Zveli” tician tabiZesTan, rogorc wesi, istoriis sakuTrebaa,

mkvdaria da dangreuli, àxali” – momavlis safuZvelia, sicocxlisa da

aRmSeneblobis simboloa. es ori cneba – sicocxle da Seneba –

erTmaneTs ejaWveba avtoris cnobierebaSi – `ver icnobT axal erevans: aq

pirdapir Senebis cieb-cxelebaa. quCebi Sekrulia axali saxlebis

SenobaTa fardulebiT. yvelgan yria kiri, sila da xreSi. Tu sadme

naxavT karg Senobas, uTuod axali aSenebulia”(tabiZe 1966b: 214,215).

`Zvelisa” da àxlis” ZiriTad laitmotivs erwymis meore polaroba –

ngreva da Seneba: `ramdenadac avi da sastiki iyo stiqia dangrevisa,

imdenad didia axla aSenebis paTosi” da polarul sawyisTa kidev erTi

gadakveTa: àvtomobilidan Sors Canda erevnis cixis galavani da es

kidev ufro aSkarad xdida Zvelisa da axlis kontrasts” (tabiZe 1966b:

217).

`binaruli opoziciis” erT-erTi komponentis _ `Zvelis” – mxatvruli

saxe narkvevSi àxali mcxeTa” isev da isev istoriuli CanarTiT aris

23

xorcSesxmuli. saqarTvelos istoriis `pirveli fuZe”, `saZirkveli” –

aseTi აSefaseb aqvs micemuli am qalaqis ganuzomlad did mniSvnelobas

qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis aRmocenebis, wignierebis da sarwmunoebis

damkvidrebis saqmeSi. SeimCneva CvenTvis ukve nacnobi, tragizmiT

aRbeWdili azrobrivi konstruqcia: Zveli – sikvdili – ngreva: `maSinac

mtkvari iyo pirveli embazi am axali mcnebisa, romelmac Semdeg sisxliT

dascala saqarTvelo, radgan man qristianoba da erovneba gaxada

erTmaneTis damfarav mcnebad. ase iyo mcxeTa istoriuli saqarTvelos

saZirkvlad, sanam ar dairRva da saxsrebSi ar daiSala Zveli

saxelmwifoebrioba, sanam ar amoSra sveticxovlis mironi”(tabiZe 1966b:

32). mecxramete saukunis dasasruls ki mcxeTam ukve ase icvala feri –

`didi akldama didis cxovrebis... aw samikitno dabad gamxdara, ngreulan

misi didni palatni...” (tabiZe 1966b: 33) – citata ilia WavWavaZis poemidan

`aCrdili” amyarebs avtoris Tvalsazriss.

poeturi ilustraciebi narkvevTa avtoris literaturismcodneobiT

simpaTiebs da midrekilebebs amJRa სvneb . poeti tician tabiZe gulgrilad

ver uvlis gverds mcxeTis istoriis poetur ilustrirebebs; aqve kvlav

Cndeba aleqsandre WavWavaZis cnobili leqsis aluzia da laparakia

imaze, rom Seudarebelia romantiuli sevda gadasuli siyvarulisa... da

yvelafer amas mainc bolo erTi aqvs, yvelafers warwymeds dro Tavisi

msaxvrali celiT.

amgvari ramdenime literaturuli wiaRsvla amSvenebs narkvevebs da

maTi kompoziciuri wyobis erT-erT gamamdidrebel elementebad

gvevlineba.

Tu davukvirdebiT da Tvals gavadevnebT mwerlis azris moZraobas

da ganwyobaTa cvlas, erT kanonzomierebas aRmovaCenT – aSkarad

formulirebul, garegnul laitmotivSi – `Zveli” da `axali” –

gamosWvivis narkvevis kompoziciis faruli, Sinagani laitmotivi –

romantizmi da realizmi, anu samyaros romantikuli, amaRlebuli,

istoriaze orientirebuli xedva da yofiT damZimebuli Tanamedrove

sinamdvilis aRqma.

`vidre axal sinamdviles miiRebda da SeiTvisebda, tician

tabiZisaTvis aucilebeli iyo... garemomcveli samyarosadmi axali

24

damokidebuleba gamoemuSavebina” – wers guram asaTiani (asaTiani 2002:

177).Aam axali damokidebulebis gamomuSavebas aadvilebda is, rom im

dros inteleqtualebisTvis Sinaganad axlobeli iyo progresis idea,

aRmSenebloba, teqnikuri Tu mecnieruli siaxleebi, ganviTarebis da

winsvlis enTuziazmi. qarTveli simbolistebi, da maT Soris tician

tabiZec, Sepyrobili da atacebuli iyvnen am ideiT.

20-iani wlebis meore naxevarSi tician tabiZis `miwasTan dabruneba”,

anu mis mier simbolizmis e.w. èpigonuri” principebis uaryofa da axali

literaturuli poziciis dakaveba Tanxvdeba misi bevri narkvevis, maT

Soris, àxali mcxeTis” Sinagan paToss da weris amaRlebul registrs:

àse iyo mcxeTa marTla samikitno dabad gadaqceuli, sanam axalma

cxovrebam ar uxmo mas axali didi misiisaTvis. da aq xelmeored xdeba

mtkvari saqarTvelos embazad – dRes mamasaxlisebi da gvirgvinosani

mefeebi ki ar hqmnian am istorias, dRes TviTon xalxs auRia iniciativa,

TviTon xalxis energia da sicocxlis wyurvili uxmobs da hqmnis am

epoqas” (tabiZe 1966b: 33).

narkvevSi ramdenjerme meordeba kontrasti `Zvelsa” da àxals“

Soris – „am ocdaaTi wlis winaT mcxeTidan aTi kilometris daSorebiT

qarTvelma mowinave inteligenciam... moawyo erTi TvalsaCino

dResaswauli – amaze maSin mTeli saqarTvelo laparakobda. es iyo

winamZRvrianTkarSi sameurneo skolis gaxsna... dRes saqarTvelo

mofenilia aseTi skolebiT...” (tabiZe 1966b: 34).

kidev erTi laitmotivi, romelic `Zvelisa” da àxlis”

dapirispirebas qmnis, aris miTi da realoba. tician tabiZe ixsenebs

berZnebis mier Seqmnil miTs argonavtTa mogzaurobisa kolxidaSi oqros

verZis mosataceblad, magram ixsenebs imisTvis, rom axal realobasTan

Seapirispiros: `dRes xalxi TviTon daeufla Tavis simdidres, safuZveli

eyreba eris axal ekonomikur aRorZinebas” (tabiZe 1966b: 35).

narkvevis idea, mTavari saTqmeli azrobriv polusTa

dapirispirebiT ikveTeba – `winaT, marTalia, xmali icavda qarTvelT

saxelmwifoebriobas, magram es rainduli dro didi xania gadavarda –

ukve warsul saukuneSi wamoayenes lozungi xmlis Secvlisa patiosani

SromiT... da Tu Zvelad mcxeTaSi jer kerpTayvanismcemelTa RaRadi da

25

Semdeg qristianuli qoralebi ismoda, aseve dResac unda ismodes

Sromisa da gamarjvebis SeZaxilebi” (tabiZe 1966b: 36).

narkvevebis kompoziciur struqturaSi erTmaneTis gadmkveTi

laitmotivebi, àxlisa da Zvelis” Sepirispirebis variaciebi, ganfenilia

kompoziciis iseT elementSic, rogoricaa peizaJi. erT-erTi laitmotivi,

opoziciuri wyvili, romelic peizaJSia gamoxatuli, sikvdili da

sicocxlea.

sikvdili Tavisi saSineli naturalizmiT iWreba tician tabiZiseul

peizaJebSi, romlebic mkveTri ferebiTa da xmebiT Rrmad aRibeWdeba

mkiTxvelis warmosaxvaSi – tbis `napiri Seyvarebul mijnurTa nacvlad

daumarxav auarebel aTasobiT ltolvils xedavda da mgalobeli

mefsalmune berebis magier tyidan gamovardnili afTrebi da turebi

Rmuodnen da leSiT ver ZRebodnen” (tabiZe 1966b: 203).

unda iTqvas, rom narkvevSi `qarTveli mwerlebi somxeTSi” swored

STambeWdavi, emociurad datvirTuli peizaJebi qmnis sevanis dauviwyar

suraTs. PpeizaJi aq am uZvelesi samyaros danaxvis da aRqmis mTavari

mxatvruli saSualebaa.

tician tabiZis peizaJebis xatvis Tavisebureba, iseve rogorc

istoriuli suraTebisa, imaSi mdgomareobs, rom naxatSi organulad

“ewereba” adamiani. buneba adamianisagan gancalkevebulad, misagan

mowyvetiT ki ar ganixileba, aramed, istoriis msgavsad, adamianis beds,

mis tkivils ireklavs _ ùnda TvaliT naxoT es nafuzari, gaoxrebuli,

gapartaxebuli da mospobili midamo, rom gaigoT, Tu ra gadautania aq

xalxs da gaikvirvoT, rom kidev darCenila mosaxleoba”(tabiZe 1966b: 199-

200). sul erT xatovan frazaSi igrZnobs mkiTxveli somxeTis àrqtikul”

sicives da dainaxavs cxovrebis mkacri pirobebis, cxovrebis simkacris

gamZlebi eris xasiaTs, misi cxovrebis wess – àdvilad warmosadgenia, ra

iqneba aq zamTarSi, da gasagebia, ratom damalulan saxlebi miwaSi da

ratom aurCevia aq glexs Txunelas xvreli” (tabiZe 1966b: 198).

NnarkvevebSi savsebiT aridebulia Tavidan bunebis aRweris banaluri,

trafaretuli xerxebi. `palatTa didebulTa ngreuli naSTis” suraTi

civi da lakonuri frazebis magivrad ukve fantastikosi mxatvris

zRaprul – miTosuri xilviTaa Seqmnili – `sevans garSemo

26

gveleSapebiviT axvevia titveli mTebi, TiTqo miTiuri drakonebi

daswafebian laJvard wyals, magram gzaSi gaqvavebulan da eSvebi Ria

darCeniaTo” (tabiZe 1966b: 199).

poetis mdidari warmosaxva, xatovani azrovneba bunebis uCveulo,

ganumeorebel saxeebs badebs da apirobebs suraTis aRweris im specifiur

esTetikas, Tavisebur maneras, romlis meSveobiTac mkiTxvelic imsWvaleba

waruSleli STabeWdilebebiT – `am uzarmazari mTebis gamoqvabulSi es

tba Cawolila, rogorc cidan Camovardnili laJvardi: ggonia kidec, rom

es miraJia, mTa gatyuebs da ca ukuRmidan moCans”(tabiZe 1966b: 198).

tician tabiZisTvis somxeTis buneba xelovnebis Taviseburi

nimuSicaa, romelic meoreulad irekleba ferwerul tiloebze –

peizaJebis SeqmnaSi `monawileoben” sariani, vrubeli, firosmani.

delegacia sevanisa da araratis gavliT Casula erevanSi. ararats,

rogorc Cans, gansakuTrebuli STabeWdileba ar mouxdenia tician

tabiZeze. sevanis tbis zRapruli auris fonze araratis veli mas

banalurad da erTferovnad esaxeba.

garemos tician tabiZis aRweris stili mkiTxvels სmoagoneb

dokumenturi filmis scenars, xolo saxeobrivi qsovili marTlac

kinokadrebiviT warmogvidgeba Tvalwin: `gzaSi sul momTabare xalxi

gvxvdeboda. TaTrebi yazaxidan modiodnen mTebSi – cxvarTan. visac unda

warmoidginos, ra iqneboda xalxTa didi gadasaxleba, an ra iqneboda

aziur dampyrobTa urdoebi, SeiZleba aqedan iqonios warmodgena...…maTi

didi, Cardaxiani, xaliCebiT gadakruli urmebi savsea bargiT: uzarmazari

qvabebi, WuWyiani logini, uTvalavi bavSvebi... kameCebs an xarebs win

miuZRvis didxanjliani TaTari, xSirad, dedakacebic, magram es

dedakacebi iseTi Sesaxedavia, bevr vaJkacs fers ucvlis da gaafiTrebs”.

(tabiZe 1966b: 206).

tician tabiZisTvis, rogorc poetisTvis, damaxasiaTebelia

istoriul-miTologiuri xilvebi. amjeradac, samogzauro narkvevSic,

realisturi dakvirvebebi amgvar xilvebSi gadaizrdeba, romelTac Tavisi

egzotikuri personaJebi hyavs. erT-erTi aseTi “personaJia” aqlemi,

romelic simbolistebs Taviseburi poeturi ე დSaravand iT hyavdaT

27

Semosili da romlis gamoCenac somxeTis landSaftze gulgrils ver

tovebs poets (tabiZe 1966b: 208).

mainc, raki tician tabiZisTvis yvelaze saintereso adamiania, midamo,

romelic erevanTan miaxloebasTan erTad sul ufro titvldeba da

udaburi xdeba, mwerlisTvis mimzidveli aRar aris. mas molodiniT

avsebs ararati. iseve, rogorc ilias _ myinvari, ticiansac ar xiblavs

adamianTa samyaros daSorebuli araratis giganturi mTa _ `...saRamovdeba.

nisli TandaTan exveva ararats da Rrublebi ikumSebian. Mmale sadac

aris, TeTri orTqli aitacebs am gigants da cas SeuerTdeba” (tabiZe

1966b: 208).

tician tabiZis peizaJebi xan narkvevis ideis gamokveTas da gaxsnas

emsaxureba, xan ki kompoziciis erT-erTi yvelaze efeqturi elementiT _

qveteqstiT itvirTeba da qmnis axal laitmotivs, opoziciur wyvils,

“sxvisi – sakuTari”. velze „kolosiviT“ amomarTuli “martodmarto”

araratis danaxvisas mwerals axsendeba myinvari _ `roca Sehyureb

myinvars, zogjer verc ki amCnev, romelia myinvari, isea mis garSemo

dayrili uTvalavi mwvervalebi” (tabiZe 1966b: 207).

Mmwerali ver faravs Tavisi samSoblos bunebiT aRfrTovanebas,

romelic gansakuTrebiT am mwiri da yamiri miwebis danaxvam gaumZafra,

Tumca taqtianad poulobs kompliments maspinZeli mxarisaTvis _ `visac

alaznis veli unaxavs siRnaRidan, mas, rasakvirvelia, ver gaakvirvebs

araratis veli _ miTumetes, rom is ar aris mwvane tyeebiT daburuli,

magram mainc araCveulebrivi sanaxaobisaa” (tabiZe 1966b: 207-208). tician

tabiZis poeturi cnobiereba aRsavsea qarTuli bunebis xatebiT, amitom es

xatebi aucileblobis ZaliT Cndeba mis narkvevebSic, amjerad _ somxeTis

landSaftis aRqmis dros. Mmas TiTqos Sinaganad ar asveneben situaciis

Sesatyvisi qarTuli paralelebi, romlebic moulodnel poetur –

musikalur talRebad iWrebian mis warmosaxvaSi da Zvel, nostalgiur

mogonebebs aRZraven _ `magondeba simRera Cveni meurmeebisa aRzevans rom

midiodnen marilze. TiTqos mesmis vano sarajiSvilis neli qviTini:

aRzevans waval marilze,

marils movitan brolsao,

jer dedas gadavexvevi,

28

mere Svilsa da colsao...

TiTqo me vmRerode am hangs, ase mgonia, vxedav qarTveli meurmeebis

qaravans da aTasi xma mReris am urmuls. da ase vuaxlovdebiT erevans”

(tabiZe 1966b: 209). erevnis Semogarens qarTul romantikul warsulSi

gadahyavs tician tabiZe, agondeba grigol orbelianis `sadRegrZelo,

anu omis Semdgom Rame lxini erevnis siaxloves” _ amgvari

literaturuli poeturi reminiscenciebi mniSvnelovnebas da azrobriv-

emociur sisavses matebs tician tabiZis narkvevebs.

Tu sevanis tbis suraTebi dinji, statikuri aRweris xerxiT aris

daxatuli, mSenebare erevnis urbanistuli peizaJi sxvagvari –

temperamentiani, mZafrad dinamikuri stiliT warmoisaxeba: `aq pirdapir

Senebis cieb-cxelebaa. QquCebi Sekrulia axali saxlebis SenobaTa

fardulebiT... saxlebs aSeneben somxuri tufiT – es erTgvari

granitisebri qvaa. Tu sadme naxavT karg Senobas, uTuod axali

aSenebulia...… qva, kiri da qvebi da qvebi...” (tabiZe 1966b: 217). narkvevebSi

warmodgenili istoriuli eqskursebis fonze gaSlili es intensiuri

mSenebloba avtoris da mkiTxvelis mier aRiqmeba TviTgadarCenis da

TviTdamkvidrebis mZafri instinqtiT Sepyrobili xalxis arsebobisTvis

brZolis simbolod – ë`etyoba es qveyana Raribia, magram am siRaribes

miucia swored es gamwareba da SromiTi gataceba” (tabiZe 1966b: 216).

erevnis peizaJebSi isev da isev Tavs iCens Zveli da axali qalaqis

suraTebi – `saerTod erevnis Zveli nawili miagavs sparsul qalaqs,

brWyviala meCeTebiT da hiniT SeRebili sparselebiT...…gzebi viwroa,

urmebi da avtomobilebi Zlivs uvlian erTmaneTs gverds. roca gaiWedeba

gza, dadgeba erTi aliaqoTi. Mmagram gzebi keTdeba da TiTqmis yvelgan

sxedan qvismWrelebi da gugunebs satkepni manqana...… TiTqo mTel qalaqs

erTbaSad aSenebdnen” (tabiZe 1966b: 215).

Txrobis ritmi da tempi hyveba mSeneblobis ritms da aq mcxovrebi

da momuSave xalxis erovnul energias, xasiaTis specifikas warmoaCens.

am narkvevebSi Tavs iCens kidev erTi dapirispireba – buneba da

civilizacia, sadac es ukanaskneli ganadgurebas uqadis bunebis

ulamazes landSaftebs. sevanis Zveli ,,kolizeis” nangrevebis aRwera

icvleba informaciiT am tbaze Tevzis warmoebisTvis saWiro macivris

29

agebis Sesaxeb; uzarmazari taZrebi, romlebic ë`erTmaneTs exvevian”, axla

gauqmebulia da kacic ver ipoves, rom kari gaeRo, raTa stumrebs iSviaTi

freskebi da mozaikuri mxatvroba daeTvalierebinaT...…male am taZris

midamoSi klimatur sadgurs gaaSeneben da TviTon tbasac kurortad

gadaaqceven; saubars `xmovanebiT zRvisa mbaZavi” tbis Sesaxeb cvlis

saubari aqaur ekonomikur resursebze, sameurneo gegmebze da

eleqtrofikaciaze. am kontrastuli svlebiT mwerali Tavis Sefarulad

tkivilian ganwyobas da saTqmels gviziarebs – sevanis mkvdar midamoSi

is sidiades, silamazes, sevdian da tragikul sicocxles aRmoaCens;

xolo aq civilizaciis SemoWrasa da axali cxovrebis dawyebis

enTuziazmSi am sidiadis gardauval sikvdils dainaxavs.

tician tabiZis narkvevebSi mniSvnelovania elementTa urTierTmi-

marTebis sistema, romelic mTlianobas qmnis. aRsaniSnavia narkvevis

frangmentisa da teqstis, anu nawilisa da mTelis mimarTebaTa Sinagani

Tavisufleba, TamaSebrivi silaRe. xSirad fragments ,,pikanturi”

qveteqstic axlavs. magaliTad, rogorc tician tabiZe wers, somxeTisTvis

da somexi xalxisTvis bolSevikebs marTlac wuTi–wuTze miuswriaT da

ganadgurebisgan gadaurCeniaT – `kidev cota rom dagvianebodaT mosvla,

aq ambis momtani kaci ar darCeboda da marTlac, somxeTis xalxi

aRigveboda pirisagan miwisa. es icis xalxma da sabWoTa xelisuflebas

marTlac magari fesvi aqvs am qveyanaSi. Kklasobrivi interesis Segnebas,

romelzedac damyarebulia komunizmi, aq emateba gadarCenis grZnoba,

romelsac yoveli somexi grZnobs” (tabiZe 1966b: 200). Ees dakvirveba,

romelic, SeiZleba iTqvas, dRevandel politikur situaciasac exmianeba,

Tavisi qveteqstiT gveubneba, rom is, rac erTi qveynisTvis aucilebloba

da xsnaa, meorisTvis ZaliT Tavsmoxveuli `wyaloba” da tragikuli

iZuleba SeiZleba iyos. tician tabiZis teqsti “danaRmulia” amgvari

siRrmiseuli SepirispirebebiT, paralelebiT. `...sabWoTa xelisuflebas

marTlac magari fesvi aqvs am qveyanaSi” – striqonebs Soris ikiTxeba am

patara fragmentis mimarTeba mTel teqstTan da Ffaruli Sinaarsobrivi

datvirTva eZleva mTeli narkvevis prosabWour pasaJebs.

ngrevisa da Senebis Sepirispirebis originaluri variacia gvxvdeba

narkvevSi ä`axali mcxeTa”. aq gamoCndeba leninis fataluri figura.

30

portreti, rogorc kompoziciis erT–erTi umniSvnelovanesi elementi,

ar rCeba tician tabiZis “arsenalis” miRma. avtori ostaturad axerxebs

sul ramdenime fraziT warmogvidginos eleqtrofikaciis ideafiqsiT

Sepyrobili leninis SemakrTobeli portreti. Lleninis nebiT ruseTis

`quCebi yumbarebiT gadaxnulia, yoveli saxli omis banakad aris

gadaqceuli, inteligencia sabotaJs eweva da cxovreba damdgara”; lenini

ki – `patara tanis adamiani, romelic ijda arc ise maRal skamze,

erTianad wasuli iyo inteleqtis daZabvaSi” (tabiZe 1966b: 31).

detalurad damuSavebuli, monumenturi portretebi am narkvevebSi ar

Cans. keTilganwyobiT moxazuli siluetebis saxiT gaielveben ovanes

Tumaniani, mixeil javaxiSvili, delegaciis sxva wevrebi, agreTve is

`usaxelo” adamianebi, romelTa energia da sicocxlis wyurvili qmnida

am epoqas.

am narkvevebSic yvelaze saintereso da mniSvnelovania tician

tabiZis _ mxatvrisa da Semoqmedis _ sulieri cxovrebis anarekli,

romelic aq moCans. miuxedavad imisa, rom avtori Segnebulad Tavs

aridebs sakuTari personis xazgasmul demonstrirebas, misi gaorebuli

Sinagani samyaro mainc mkafiod xilulia. is TiTqos zogjer

Tavisufldeba sakuTari Tavisgan _ avtorisgan _ da wers sakuTari

TavisTvis _ mkiTxvelisTvis.

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom tician tabiZis narkvevebis kompoziciis

mravalferovan, ostaturad gamoyenebul da urTierTSexamebul

elementebs erT mTlianobad kravs avtoris mkafio Tu uCinari

avtoportreti.

31

II Tavi

erovnuli problematikis amsaxveli statiebi

2.1. „qarTuli idea“

(gazeTi ,,saqarTvelo”, № 142. 26.06.1916; № 143. 27.06.1916)

me-20 saukunis dasawyisSi sul ufro da ufro gamokveTili xdeboda

erovnuli „me“-s TaviseburebaTa gacnobierebis gansazRvris moTxovnileba.

qarTveli avangardistebis maSindeli Taoba ar yofila nacional–

nihilisturad ganwyobili da kosmopolituri. am TvalTaxedviT

sainteresoa tician tabiZis publicisturi da eseisturi naazrevi.

amjerad mkiTxvelis yuradRebs mivapyrobT tician tabiZis erT

publikaciaze – publicistur werilze „qarTuli idea“, romelic gazeT

„saqarTveloSi“ 1916 wels daibeWda (N 142, 143).

niSandoblivia, rom tician tabiZis erT–erTi pirveli statia

erovnuli TviTSemecnebis problemas eZRvneba. es aris Tormeti arabeska,

romelic avtoris eseistur-intimur, lirikul, Tavisufal gansjas

emyareba. am, erTi SexedviT, usistemo, qaotur, amave dros publicisturi

emociurobiT damuxtul etiudebSi qarTuli ideis gamokveTis

sayuradRebo cdaa ganxorcielebuli.

unda iTqvas, rom saqarTvelos fenomeniT aseTi intensiuri

daintereseba, rogorc am eseSia gamovlenili, Sefasebebis aseTi

radikalizmi da TviTSemecnebis ase gamZafrebuli survili erTi arcTu

umniSvnelo mizeziTac iyo ganpirobebuli. kerZod, imiT, rom moskovSi

saswavleblad wasul ticians gamZafrebuli aqvs sakuTari qveynis

monatrebis grZnoba, romlis fonze ufro Rrmad da winaaRmdegobrivad

warmarTula misi moqalaqeobrivi da SemoqmedebiTi msoflxedvis

momwifebis procesi.

32

gulgrils ver dagtovebT 22 wlis kacis gulwrfeli da emociuri

msjeloba: “ar ari bedniereba utkbesi, rogorc sikvdili

samSoblosaTvis. Cven amas vkiTxulobT sxvebis saxeebze, Cven amas

vkiTxulobT Cven Zvel wignebidan. Cven wagvarTves, rac wminda gvqonda,

Cven wagvarTves samSoblo!..” (saqarTvelo 1916a: 2) warTmeulis

dabrunebisa da dakargulis povnis survilis gamomxatveli tragikuli

intonacia mTel werils gasdevs – es xan warTmeuli samSoblos Ziebaa,

xan daviwyebuli RmerTis _ „me Zveli maxsovs aRTqmebi wminda da

daviwyebul RmerTs vevedrebi“ (tabiZe 1982: 493) da xan dakarguli saxisa...

maTi povna tician tabiZisTvis qarTuli ideis aRmoCenis tolfasia.

sad eZebs avtori am ideis gasaRebs? mis msoflaRqmaSi ikvreba wre:

samyaro – samSoblo – individi. swored am sami fenomenis warmoCeniT,

maTi sinTezis, urTierTSeRwevis safuZvelze igeba saqarTvelos sulieri

gadarCenis Taviseburi proeqti.

„qveyana didia. gaixedav aRmosavleTiT, gaixedav dasavleTiT, ar

uCans kide, ar uCans sazRvari“ (saqarTvelo 1916b: 2) – usasrulo

samyaros aseTi suraTiT iwyeba es werili. survili, ekuTvnode raime

grandiozuls, SeerTo Senze ufro didsa da Zliers, iqce da aRiqva Tavi

mis nawilad, albaT, provinciaSi mcxovrebi, magram didi Sinagani

potenciis mqone adamianis umweobis autaneli SegrZnebis daZlevis cdaa.

„saqarTvelos swams, rom is keTilSobili stumaria msoflio

nadimze, mas swams ukvdaveba“ (saqarTvelo 1916g: 3) – sakuTari qveynis

msoflio gigantebTan gajibreba isev da isev arasrulfasovnebis

mtanjveli grZnobisgan gaqcevad, Tavis daRwevad unda miviCnioT: „iyvnen

erebi... egonaT am erTa mefeebs, rom maT samefoSi mze arasdros ar

Cadioda... dRes es erebi aRar arian; maTi xseneba gadavarda... iryeodnen,

ingreodnen, ifSvneboden islamis mrisxane maxvilisagan uzarmazari

saxelmwifoni didi tradiciebis. Cven videqiT saswauliT, ar vkvdebodiT“

(saqarTvelo 1916d: 2). Cven gadavrCiT, Cven varsebobT! – es erTgvar

TviTCagonebad, TviTgamxnevebad, sasowarkveTisTvis Tavis daRwevis cdad

aRiqmeba.

individi mtkivneulad eZebs raRac simyares, romelsac daeyrdnoba da

miakuTvnebs sakuTar Tavs. aseTi „simyarea“ samSoblo.

33

„sjobs aRar mqondes sulac samSoblo, anda ar iyos ase lamazi“

(tabiZe 1982: 565) – dramatulad da paTetikurad aris gancdili tician

tabiZis poeziaSi samSoblo, magram „es gonebismieri aRtacebis an sazeimo

maRalfardovnebis paTetika ki ar aris, aramed yelSi mobjenili

cremlebis paTetikaa“ (asaTiani 2002: 169). igive SeiZleba iTqvas „qarTul

ideasTan“ dakavSirebiT, romelic, arsebiTad, poetis paTetikuri

lirikuli monologia – mtanjveli fiqrebia samSobloze.

saqarTvelos fenomenis gaazrebas tician tabiZe upirvelesad

istoriis gaazrebas ukavSirebs: „saqarTvelos aRorZineba maSin daiwyeba,

roca vnaxavT da SeviswavliT Cven kvals da istorias“ (saqarTvelo 1916e:

2) – wers igi. istoriaze apelireba qarTul sinamdvileSi ar aris ucxo

da originaluri ram, aq ufro saintereso is aris, rom poeti exmianeba am

periodis axalgazrdul mwerlobaSi momZlavrebuli erTgvari

politikuri neoromantizmis suliskveTebas – magaliTad, geronti qiqoZis

„CaquCian mamakacs“(1915), giorgi leoniZis „Tamars“(1917), “Cabnelebul

armazs“(1917) (qarTuli literaturuli esse 1986: 67-70; 71; 72-74).

am werilSi ucnaurad „dafrinaven“ wamebi, dro ucnaurad aris

daxleCili – xan warsulSi varT, romelic ukve aRar arsebobs; xan

momavalSi, romelic jer ar damdgara; xan ki awmyoSi, romelic

nawilobriv warsulia, nawilobriv ki ukve momavali... aseTi e.w.

„organizebuli qaosi“ qmnis swrafmaval droSi CaZiruli sinamdvilis

ararealurobis simbolistur efeqts.

Tu amovkrebT gabneul frazebs da qronologiiT: warsuli – awmyo –

momavali – davalagebT, aseT suraTs miviRebT - warsulSi: „sisxlis

mdinare saqarTveloSi ar ari metafora“ (saqarTvelo 1916v: 2) „istoria

rom gulmaviwyi ar iyos da SemTxveviT ar iwerebodes, vin icis

kleopatras da mariam stiuarts ra Crdili daadgeboda Tamar-mefis da

misi qaliSvilis rusudan dedoflisagan“(saqarTvelo 1916z: 2); awmyoSi:

„Zveli istoria ufro patiosania. Cveni dro istoriasac daetyo, is gaxda

usindiso spekulaciis sagani“ (saqarTvelo 1916T: 3), „omianobis dros Sin

rCebodnen jabanebi da kutebi, romelTac moaSenes dRevandeli

qarTveloba, vaglax, ari zari da ubedureba. CvenSi dadian Ciyviani

kretinebi, dadian da arxeinad aniaveben eris didebas... ar aris siwminde,

34

rom sawamlavi ar gadaasxan; ar aris siwminde, imaT ar gaaorgulon...”.

(saqarTvelo 1916i: 2).

am mZime Sefasebis Semdeg Znelia xsnaze, momavalze fiqri da

msjeloba. aseT Sefasebebs iwvevs apaTia, gaucxoeba sakuTari erisgan,

samSoblosgan, Sinagani konfliqti pirovnebasa da istorias Soris –

moazrovne adamianisTvis erT–erTi yvelaze mZime da damTrgunveli

mdgomareoba. am dros adamians eCveneba, rom misi yovelgvari moRvaweoba

azrs kargavs, yvelaferi ucxoa da „aranamdvili“, rom WeSmariti

faseulobebi gayalbebulia da dakarguli, igi sruliad marto

aRmoCndeba „mSobliur“ garemoSi; magram raki pirovneba mainc

winaaRmdegobaTa daZlevisken mswrafveli arsebaa, am werilSic Cans

avtoris swrafva istoriis tvirTis CamoSorebisken, swrafva axali

istoriis Seqmnisa da masSi sakuTari SemoqmedebiTi Zalis

ganxorcielebisken. „marTlmorwmune da namdvili qarTvelebi unda

SevudgeT liturgias Tavis Tavisas... Cven davkargeT Cveni saxe, Cven unda

vnaxoT igi“ (saqarTvelo 1916k: 2) – Tavisi individualobis, Tavisi

dakarguli saxis Ziebas gahyavs tician tabiZe „momavlis gzaze“ – „droa

movagrovoT yvela sabuTebi, rac Cven individualobas ganamtkicebs, rac

amtkicebs Cveni sicocxlis uflebas“ (saqarTvelo 1917l: 2) – e.i.

sicocxlis, arsebobis ufleba aqvs mxolod im ers, romelmac Seimecna,

dainaxa da gaiazra Tavisi Tavi. „RmerTma imitom mogvca sakuTari saxe da

gagvigrZela sicocxlis Jami, rom sakuTari gziT mivdiodeT“

(saqarTvelo 1916m: 2) _ arsebobis ufleba da azri mxolod imas aqvs,

rac individualuria da es azri mdgomareobs swored individualobis,

sakuTari saxis SenarCunebasa da ganviTarebaSi. aSkaraa, rom

individualizmi tician tabiZes msoflmxedvelobrivi poziciis rangSi

ahyavs.

Cveni dakarguli saxis, individualobis povna, avtoris azriT,

SesaZlebelia mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu „wavikiTxavT qarTul ideas...

unda adges idea qarTuli. manamdi CvenSi mkvdari iqneba

suli“(saqarTvelo 1916n: 2). qarTuli sulierebis gadasarCenad Cveni saxe

unda veZioT qarTuli religiuri Segnebis Sinagan bunebasa da

SemoqmedebaSi, radgan „qriste ekuTvnis poetebs... musikiT aSendeba RvTis

35

qalaqi“. niSandoblivia, rom tician tabiZis imave periodis poetur

SemoqmedebaSic sakuTari warmomavlobis, Zirebis Zieba religiur

Seferilobas iZens:

da gana vici, sidan movedi,

romeli qveynis cxeli mze mwvavda,

me didi myavda winamorbedi,

winamorbedi macxovars hgavda.

„balaganis mefe“ – 1917 (tabiZe 1982: 493).

Tumca tician tabiZes surs, qarTuli idea ipovos qarTuli

qristianobis specifikaSi, es specifika mis mier maincdamainc naTlad

gaxsnili da gagebuli ar aris; msjelobas aklia konkretuloba da

damajerebloba, magram aq mainc aris zogierTi sagulisxmo momenti. misi

azriT, qriste saqarTveloSi Semovida, rogorc saqmro, e.i. avtori xazs

usvams qarTuli qristianobis mamrul sawyiss, mis aqtiur, Zlier,

vaJkacur bunebas da SeniSnavs, rom es aris kontrasti ruseTTan, sadac,

mereJkovskis TqmiT, qriste „skopecia“; xolo qarTuli gagebiT, qriste

mxatvaria – Semoqmedia, amqveyniuri silamazis, materiis Semqmnelia,

saqarTvelo ki „didi poetia, man daujera qristes, rom musikiT SeiZleba

RvTis qalaqis aSeneba“ (saqarTvelo 1916o: 3).

rogorc vTqviT, saqarTvelos fenomenis gaazreba tician tabiZem

qveynis istoriis gaazrebas daukavSira, istoria ki mas, erTi mxriv,

tradiciuli qarTuli cnobierebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli trafaretiT aqvs

moxelTebuli (warsuli – diadi, awmyo – ubadruki), meore mxriv ki, eris

sicocxlisunarianobis SenarCunebis SesaZleblobas, eris istoriul

perspeqtivas originalurad xedavs.

am originalobaSi erTi saintereso aspeqti SeimCneva, romelic me–20

saukunis dasawyisis niSniT aris aRbeWdili, im drois inteleqtualuri

da emociuri tvifari aCnia: es aris qarTuli rasobrivi upiratesobisa da

mesianizmis ideebi. „Cven ver vityviT, rom vinme dagvexsnas

ubedurebisagan, an evropis kultura gadagverCinos, magram qveyana imis

madlieric unda iyos, rom Cven gadavirCineT sakuTari Tavi da miveciT

36

bedniereba Cvenis xilvis“(saqarTvelo 1916p: 2). kacobriobam ki es

bedniereba saTanadod ver daafasa, madliereba mxolod argonavtebis

miTiT da sxvadasxva qveynis matianeTa moTxrobebiT gamoxata, rac „ar

hsaxavs mTel saxes saqarTvelosas, magram ara uSavs, mainc dasafasebelia

enabluisa da Zunwis ZRveni...“ (saqarTvelo 1916J: 3)

Wabuki poetis cnobiereba, rogorc Cans, zogjer ver uZlebs

gulwrfeli patriotizmisa da pirovnuli ambiciebis wnexs da

pretenziulad kicxavs samyaros. samyaro ki, albaT, ar aris damnaSave, Tu

misi romelime mcire nawili mTeli Tavisi arsebobis manZilze

Tavganwirulad ibrZvis provincializmis daZlevisa da ararealizebuli

potenciis ganxorcielebisTvis.

avtoris cnobiereba erTianad aris moculi daRupvisa da gadarCenis

ideiT, „mijaWvulia“ am ideasTan, romelsac ukavSirdeba zemoT

xsenebuli ,,rasistuli” da mesianuri tendenciebi. „droa Cvenc daviwyoT

„TeTr sisxlze“ laparaki da keTilSobil saxelze... gavigoT, rom

saqarTvelo mowveulia msoflio msaxurebisTvis, rogorc mxedari, da

mxatvari... saqarTvelo mexuTe maxarobeli aris. saqarTvelosgan wminda

saxarebaSi mtkicdeba buneba qriste – mxatvrisa“ (saqarTvelo 1916r: 3). es

is ideologemebia, romlebsac adamiani (an eri) uangarod Txzavs, raTa

fsiqikas CamoaSoros saukuneebis manZilze daleqili arasrulfasovnebis

gancda, moaxdinos Tavisi sisustis da damcirebis kompensacia.

amasTan, unda gaviTvaliswinoT istoriuli pirobebi, romelmac

warmoSva saqarTveloSi aseTi ideologiuri tendenciebi – maTi

aRmoceneba ukavSirdeba politikurad, moralurad damTrgunveli

Zalisadmi winaaRmdegobis gawevis, misi wnexisgan gaTavisuflebis,

sxvisTvis Tu sakuTari TavisTvis upiratesobis damtkicebis

moTxovnilebas. „ar aris eri, romelsac hqondes didi istoria da

romlis gulSi ar gaexicinos mesianistur fiqrebs“(saqarTvelo 1916s: 2)

– ebraelebi, Zveli elinebi, germania, mesame romi, kelturi safrangeTi,

ruseTi, poloneTi – avtori ver faravs am „planetaTa aRlumSi“

saqarTvelos monawileobis survils da radgan mesianizmi Tavisi arsiT

momavlis rwmenas, molodins ukavSirdeba, tician tabiZis mesianizmic

imediania – „viyviroT xma maRla, viyviroT cremlebiT: saqarTvelo

37

auRebeli ilionia... bevrjer fiqrobdnen aRebas da dangrevas Wkua–eSmaki

ulisebi, TiTqos egonaT kidec rom daangries, magram isev sdgas, isev

Sendeba: – axali ilioni...“ (saqarTvelo 1916t: 3)

tician tabiZis azriT, axali ilioni axalma da lamazma jiSma unda

aaSenos. Znelia ar daeTanxmo am mosazrebas, magram isic Znelia, ar

SeniSno narcisizmi da aSkarad gadaWarbebuli erovnuli TviTSefaseba:

„rasiul silamazis kibis safexuri qarTuli silamaziT bolovdeba, arc

erT xalxis eposSi ar aris iseTi warmtaci aRwera mzeTunaxavis, rogorc

Cven eposSi, xalxma icoda sad izrdeboda mzeTunaxavi...“ (saqarTvelo

1916u: 2).

rogorc aRvniSneT, avtoris cnobiereba daRupvisa da gadarCenis

ideiT aris moculi. es raRac fobia ki ar aris, aramed sruliad gasagebi

SfoTva, racionaluri SiSia, romelic biZgs aZlevs, ganapirobebs da

warmarTavs brZolas arsebobisTvis. es brZola ki male sisxlian

msxverpls moiTxovda. atmosfero ukve avismomaswaveblad iwamleboda

erTa Serwymis absurduli marqsistuli TeoriebiT, rac pirovnebasa da

ers srul nivelirebas, gaqrobas uqadda da araras winaSe Zrwolis,

RmerTis mier mitovebulobis Tu urwmunobis mtanjvel gancdas badebda.

aseT viTarebaSi Caeyara safuZveli qarTuli fenomenis, ideis, saxis

maZiebel radikalur ideologias.

es ideologia, arsebiTad, politikuri neoromantizmi ufro iyo,

vidre Sovinizmi an nacionaluri SezRudulobisa da egoizmis

gamovlineba, romelTa „saboloo daZlevas“ didi kmayofilebiT

gvamcnobda xolme sabWoTa literaturaTmcodneoba. amasTan, es

ideologia aSkarad nasazrdoebi iyo nicSeanuri sicocxlis

filosofiiT, rac modisadmi gaRebuli xarki namdvilad ar yofila.

sruliad axali politikuri da socialur–fsiqologiuri realobis

formirebis xanaSi „sicocxlisa“ da „Zalauflebis nebis“ cnebebi mSrali

filosofiuri konstruqciis elementebad da ganyenebul simboloebad ki

ar warmodgeboda, aramed maTSi SenivTdeboda TviTon yofiereba, neba,

TviTgadarCenis instinqti, Tavs iyrida „erovnuli energia“.

nicSeseulma „zeadamianis“ miTma, romelSic Zlieri pirovnebis kulti

SeerTebulia „momavlis adamianis“ romantikul ideasTan (danto: 2000),

38

qarTul cnobierebaSi Taviseburi metamorfoza ganicada – moxda

„adamianis“ Canacvleba „eriT“, romelmac ukan Camoitova mankieri,

sicruiT savse Tanamedroveoba da ukeTesi momavlis perspeqtiva gaxsna.

„verc senma, verc siRaribem da siberem ver gatexa qarTveli eri. is isev

mravldeba, isev esizmreba mzeTunaxavi... is inaxavs rasiul silamazis

upiratesobas“ (saqarTvelo 1916f: 2) – wers tician tabiZe; sxvaTa Soris,

igi nicSes „zaratustras“ profetul stilsac baZavs – nawyvet-nawyvet

amonaTqvamebs, idumal miniSnebebs, sadac gansxvavebuli, xSirad

urTierTgamomricxavi motivebi ejaxeba erTmaneTs. es wyvetili stili

avtoris erTgvar artistul dabneulobasac warmoaCens – is TiTqos

poulobs sakuTar Tavs, Semdeg isev kargavs da a.S. werilis avtori

xSirad eqceva winaaRmdegobaSi da gaorebas ganicdis. sxvagvarad Zneli

warmosadgenia, magaliTad, Tu rogor moaSenebdnen mzeTunaxavebi

jabanebs, kutebs, Ciyvian kretinebs da sxv.

am eseSi xan optimizmi Warbobs – „dRes sxva Jamia... kidev Senaxulia

simamace, Cven unda gvjerodes imisi saswaulis“ (saqarTvelo 1916q: 2), xan

ki Tanamedroveobis kritika totalur gulgatexilobad warmogvidgeba –

„vaglax, ari zari da ubedureba...” (saqarTvelo 1916R: 2). es totaluri

gulgatexiloba TviT nicSes mier gaazrebulia rogorc nihilizmi,

tradiciuli idealebis iluzorulobis gacnobiereba. erovnuli

nihilizmic erovnul TviTaRqmaSi moZalebuli iluziebis msxvrevas

mohyveba xolme.

depresiuli ganwyobilebebi saqarTveloSi 20-iani wlebisTvis

ufro gaRrmavda da gaZlierda. 1921 wlis Tebervlis tragikulma

movlenebma mTlianad SeZra qarTuli erovnuli cnobiereba. rogorc

cnobilia, 1928 wels Jurnal „qarTuli mwerlobis“ furclebze gaimarTa

mwvave polemika nikoloz miwiSvilis werilis „saqarTveloze fiqrebis“

gamo (fiqrebi... : 2006). polemikaSi monawileobdnen grigol robaqiZe,

beno gordeziani, simon Ciqovani, mixeil javaxiSvili da sxvebi,

romlebic mkveTrad daupirispirdnen nikoloz miwiSvils. miwiSvilis

werilSi laparakia „qarTuli ideis“ bundovanebis Tu ararsebobis

Sesaxeb, rac, unda vifiqroT, 10-ian wlebSi gabatonebul

msoflmxedvelobasTan dapirispirebis gamoxatulebaa. avtori sruliad

39

uimedod aris ganwyobili saqarTvelos momavlis mimarT, warsulzec

xelCaqneulia da amas metismetad mkveTrad gamoxatavs. igi wers:

“saqarTvelo pasiuri movlenaa. misi energia gamowveuli iyo sxva, mis

gareSe myof movlenisagan (energia Wiis, roca mas fexs aWireben)“

(fiqrebi saqarTveloze 2006: 22).

nikoloz miwiSvilis citirebuli mosazreba tician tabiZis

sityvebis – „gavigoT, rom saqarTvelo mowveulia msoflio

msaxurebisTvis...” (saqarTvelo 1916y: 3) – sruli antiTezaa. orive azri

ultraradikaluria, isini erTmaneTs kvebaven da warmoSoben, rogorc

mouzomavi pretenziebis gaqarwyleba warmoSobs skepticizms.

me–19 saukunis qarTulma patriotulma msoflmxedvelobam me–20

saukunis dasawyisSi nawilobriv daTmo poziciebi, sakuTari qveynisadmi

ilia WavWavaZiseuli realisturi, praqtikul moqmedebaze da praqtikul

Sedegebze orientirebuli damokidebuleba, pragmatul-racionalisturi

azrovnebis wesi, rig SemTxvevebSi, egzaltirebulma miTisqmnadobam

Secvala.

statias “qarTuli idea” erTgvarad avsebs tician tabiZis

publikacia “manieфesti azias” (gaz. ,,barrikadi”, №1 – 18.10.1920.). tician

tabiZes ar moswons, rom `saqarTvelos ise ar axseneben, Tu ara aziasTan

erTad~(barrikadi 1920a: 2). azia misTvis `beberi, gasuqebuli kretinia”

(barrikadi 1920b: 2), unayofo sicarielea, kacobriobis ganviTarebis Cixia,

sadac arasodes warmoiSoba raime progresuli – `misi niadagi

amoSra”(barrikadi 1920g: 2); azia gaxevebaa, tradiciis monobaa.

dRes Zalian Tanamedrove da aqtualuri JReradoba aqvs tician

tabiZis mosazrebas imis Sesaxeb, rim qarTuli kultura midrekilia

evropisken – `axali qveynis... da poeziis meridiani parizia, da samxreTiT

tfiliss eyrdnoba... qarTulma poeziam samudamoT datova muxambazis gza~

(barrikadi 1920d: 2).

evropa manifestis avtorisTvis inteleqtis, analizis, nebis

simtkicis primatia da saqarTveloc misTvis foladis samSobloa, rac

Zlier nebisyofas, gonebis primats unda niSnavdes: `foladis simtkiciT

sWedda is Tavis nebisyofas. es saswaulis winagrZnobaa... azri Cveni

epoqis – fantasmagoriaa foladis” (barrikadi 1920e: 2).

40

tician tabiZis azriT, evropa aziaSi saqarTvelos gavliT Seva da

amiT saqarTvelo samsaxurs gauwevs evropas – iqneba misi kulturis

erTgvari gamtari, misi ideebis damnergavi – evropis mowinave simagre,

forposti aziaSi. EaRsaniSnavia, rom publicistis es mosazreba Zalian

mniSvnelovani da aqtualuria dRevandeli saqarTvelosTvis.

2.2. `omis Tema qarTul mwerlobaSi~

Tanamedrove samyaroSi bevrs fiqroben da msjeloben omze, brZolaze,

antagonizmze, romelic ukavSirdeba adamianis sulis destruqciul

sawyisebs.

magaliTad, umberto eko wers: ,,omebs awarmoebdnen xolme im imediT,

rom raime sargebeli enaxaT mowinaaRmdegis damarcxebaSi, omebi ki

warmoebda ise, rom ganzraxva sisruleSi moyvanili yofiliyo raime

iseTi saSualebiT, romelic aayiravebda mowinaaRmdegis Canafiqrs” (eko

2000: 19).

tician tabiZis ese „omis Tema qarTul mwerlobaSi” swored amgvari

sargeblis naxvis _ „ferfliT amdgari saqarTvelos” xilvis molodinSia

dawerili, 1915 wels (tabiZe 1966a: 5-12). saqarTvelo I msoflio omSi

„aRmoCnda Careuli” da avtoris gansja, Cafiqreba omis sakiTxebze am

omSi Cveni monawileobiT, CvenTvis misi mniSvnelobiT aris

ganpirobebuli.

eses mTavari paTosi mis pirvelive sityvebSia gamJRavnebuli – „aravis

vmsaxurebdeT, arca vemonoT, gareSe RvTisa dambadebelisa... da vin ityvis,

rom saqarTvelom ar icoda sicocxle, rom man ar icoda brZola da

Tavisufleba, silamazisTvis ar mietanos msxverpli” (tabiZe 1966a: 5).

Tavisuflebisadmi miZRvnili aseTi himniT iwyebs eses tician tabiZe da

Tavisuflebis ideas sicocxlis – brZolisa da silamazis esTetikas

ukavSirebs.

qarTveli moazrovneebisTvis erT-erTi yvelaze sakraluri idea –

samSoblos Tavisuflebisa – tician tabiZis mier damuSavebulia

eseisturi – naxtomiseburi, fragmentuli araTanmimdevrulobiT da

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urTierTgamomricxavi argumentebiT gajerebuli msjelobiT, magram am

formaluri mozaikurobis miRma Sinaganad Sekruli Sinaarsi ikiTxeba –

logikuri da Tavisufali. es Sinaarsi, erTi mxriv, emyareba tradiciul

damokidebulebas qveynis Tavisuflebisadmi – „vaJas saqarTvelo is

saqarTveloa, roca is Tavis Tavs eyudnoda” (tabiZe 1966a: 10). es aris

qveynis politikuri damoukideblobis survili. masTan Tanaarsebobs

Tavisuflebis, rogorc adamianis mier samyaroSi Tavisi mowodebis

ganxorcielebis upirvelesi pirobis gaazreba da samSoblosa da

pirovnebis Tavisuflebis cnebebi erTmaneTisgan ganuyrel fenomenebad

warmodgeba.

Tavisufleba gulisxmobs eris mier Tavisi Tavis Secnobas, xolo

TviTSemecnebis stimulatorad ticians msoflio omi esaxeba.

„Tanamedrove omis erTi didi mniSvneloba, sxvaTa Soris, imaSic aris,

rom yvela ers Caaxedebs Tavis sulis siRrmeSi, naTelze gamoiyvans im

fiqrs, romelic didi xania mtvermiyrili da cocxalmkvdari iyo... am

omSi saqarTveloc aris Careuli... da damtkicda, rom winaparTa anderZi

kidev cocxlobs qarTvelebSi” (tabiZe 1966a: 9).

erovnuli sulis Semecneba tician tabiZesTan avangardistuli

paTosiT xorcieldeba da mebrZoli antitradicionalizmis elferi aqvs.

oRond es paTosi damangreveli ki ar aris, aramed, piriqiT, Tavisufali

da keTili nebis gamoxatulebaa, romelsac surs pozitiurad gardaqmnas

samyaro.

„meSCanur Waobs jer kidev ar dauZiravs kacobrioba” (tabiZe 1966a: 9)

_ wers tician tabiZe da es antimeSCanuri paTosi gvaxsenebs vaJa-

fSavelas 1909 wels daweril leqss ,,kai yma”: „...Rame maZRrebi daswvebiT,

diliT mSivrebi sdgebiTa, Tavis jams CascqerT, saqveynod arcros ar

gamasdgebiTa, ar iciT, dasCndiT risada, an risaTvisa hkvdebiTa!” (vaJa-

fSavela 1979: 345).

meSCanuri Waobisgan TavdaRweva, cxadia, ver ganxorcieldeba

Tavisuflebis – pirovnebisa Tu eris Tavisufali nebis aRsrulebis

SesaZleblobis gareSe. Tavisufleba SemoqmedebiTi Zalaa, mxolod am

Zalis meSveobiT xdeba inertuli mdgomareobidan gamosvla – axali

cxovrebis, axali sazogadoebis, axali samyaros Seqmna: „arc erTi axali

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grZnoba, axali gancda, fiqri... windawin grZnob vis SeuZlia axali

sityvebis monaxva, vis gauelvebs axali fiqri” (tabiZe 1966a: 10) _ wers

tician tabiZe.

tician tabiZe vaJas poeziaze dayrdnobiT iazrebs omis fenomens:

„vaJas poeziaSi fiqric araa omis borotebaze” (tabiZe 1966a: 11). igi oms

cxovrebis ganmaaxlebel stiqiad miiCnevs.

omSi adamianis fizikur garss spoben, adamianis Suaguli ki, misi

suli, SesaZloa, ara mxolod ar moispos, aramed aRdges da ganaxldes

kidec (berdiaevi 1993: 305). aseTi paradoqsuli azrovneba modernizmisTvis

Sinaganad axlobelia, man bevri tradiciuli norma da Sexeduleba

gadasinja. tician tabiZisTvis omi borotebis, sikvdilis dammarcxebeli

Zalaa. „saqarTvelo Tavis kuboSi cocxladac rom CaiWedos, sikvdilze

ar fiqrobs... eris suli kidev yvavilobs da ar Wkneba” (tabiZe 1966a: 8);

yvelaze did antihumanur absurdad aq miCneulia araTavisufleba. oms

amarTlebs ZiriTadad is, rom arsebobs sikvdilze uaresi boroteba –

monoba, anu gamudmebuli kvdoma.

avangardistuli paTosis miuxedavad, tician tabiZe emyareba

omisadmi qarTul literaturaSi gamokveTil damokidebulebas, qarTuli

literaturis heroikul ideals – „sjobs sicocxlesa nazraxsa...”.

ticiani am tradiciuli damokidebulebis transponirebas XX saukunis

rTul viTarebaze axdens, magram am politikur da sulier viTarebaSi

orientireba mas uWirs, rogorc „romantikoss“.

omis filosofiis Sesaxeb Zalian saintereso statias aqveynebs 1915

wels geronti qiqoZe – „axali epoqis dasawyisi“ (qiqoZe 1919: 5-10). avtori

miiCnevs, rom didi omebi cvlian kacobriobis msoflgancdas, samyaroze

warmodgenas. aseTi iyo makedonelis, napoleonis omebi, aseTia pirveli

msoflio omic. geronti qiqoZis azriT, am omis Sedegi iqneba is, rom Tu

manamde batonobda individualizmi, pragmatizmi da hedonizmi, amieridan

gaZlierdeba stoicizmi, idealizmi, patriotizmi, cxovrebis ufro

seriozuli da tragikuli gageba. geronti qiqoZe wers: „guSin kidev Cveni

filosofia pragmatuli iyo, Cveni zneoba individualisturi da

egoisturi... Cveni Tvalebi, yurebi da xelebi xarbad eZebda siamovnebas...

43

udides bednierebas individualur keTildReobaSi vxedavdiT da

fufuneba arsebobis uaRres pirobad migvaCnda...” (qiqoZe 1919: 9).

geronti qiqoZis fiqrebis qveteqsti saqarTvelos momavals

ukavSirdeba da, rogorc Cans, is imedovnebs, rom omi ganamtkicebs

qarTul patriotizms, SezRudavs qarTul egocentrizms: „omi saukeTeso

saSualebaa socialuri SerCevisa. Tanaswor pirobebSi is xalxi

imarjvebs, romlis wevrebi nakleb egoizms iCenen da mets

Tavganwirulebas did erovnuli miznebis miRwevaSi, nakleb

partikularizms da met disciplinas moqmedebasa da brZolaSi. omi

aRmzrdelic aris...” (qiqoZe 1919: 10).

geronti qiqoZe oms ar ganixilavs moralisturi poziciebidan, misi

Tvalsazrisi zogadkulturologiuria da Tavis siRrmeSi patriotuli,

nacionaluri interesebiT sazrdoobs.

tician tabiZis imedic I msoflio oms tyuilubralod ar

ukavSirdeboda: am omma gamoiwvia sami imperiis daSla da, SeiZleba

iTqvas, rom saqarTvelos damoukideblobac misi Sedegi iyo. magram, meore

mxriv, msoflio omma gza gauxsna totalitarul moZraobebs –

bolSevizms, faSizms da saqarTelos xanmokle damoukideblobac xom

erT-erTma am moZraobam imsxverpla. ase rom, omi, sabolood, totaluri

boroteba aRmoCnda. swored ase iazrebda am oms zogierTi evropeli

mwerali, magaliTad, herman hese.

rogorc cnobilia, hese Tavidanve SeewinaaRmdega I msoflio oms. 1914

wels gamoqveynda misi statia „o, megobrebo, nu gamagonebT am xmebs”

tician tabizis publicistikamapress.tsu.edu.ge/data/image_db_innova/socialur...axmetelis, niko...

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