tijana slanje

7/27/2019 Tijana Slanje

1/11

Which words are

the hardest?

Focus on the

tough ones!

Student:______________________

Date:______________________

Teacher: Marijana Nikolic

THE ORIGIN AND CREATION OF THE EARTH ANDTHE SOLAR SYSTEMBy: tijana sekulic

Source: http://stardate.org/astro-guide/ssguide

Vocabulary

Directions: Study the following keywords and definintions.

1. giving rise to -(pv) - be the cause of something

2. abundant -(adj) - Plentiful, ample.*

3. collision -(n) - Violent contact.

4. condensation -(n) - The act of making something occupy less space by lowering the

temperature or ncreasing pressure.

5. cosmic -(adj) - Related to the universe.*

6. gaseous -(adj) - Relating to gas; being like air, or without a solid body.7. gravity -(n) - Universal force that causes objects to be attracted to one another.

8. infinite -(adj) - Endless; more than any number.

9. Milky Way -(n) - The galaxy.

10. nebula -(n) - A cloud of gas in space.

11. origin -(n) - The beginning or source of something..

12. premise -(n) - The basic idea on which other ideas are built.

13. quantity -(n) - The amount or number of something.

14. rotate -(v) - To move in a circle.

15. accepted -(v) - Allow someone to give something; the opposite of refuse.*

16. originated -(v) - To create or begin something.

17. expanding -(v) - To increase in range or scope.

18. emitting -(v) - To send or give out.

19. abandoned -(v) - To leave and give up ownership or control.

20. celestial -(adj) - Related to the stars.

21. renewed -(v) - To begin again; resume.

22. sank -(v) - To fall or drop, usually through water.

23. precipitations -(n) - The quantity of water fall (rain, snow, etc.) within a period of time.

24. condensing -(v) - To make smaller.

25. compressed -(v) - To press together or into smaller space.

26. density -(n) - The amount of mass in a speci fic amount of volume.

27. radius -(n) - Half the diameter of a circle. The radius is the distance from the center of a circle to the edge.

28. axis -(n) - A line that is imagined to pass through the center of an object.

Reading

Directions: Read the following passage carefully.

Fill out the 'K' and the 'W' columns before you read, and then use the 'L' column to take noteswhile you read.

K W L

What do you KNOW

about this subject?

What do you WANT to know

about this subject?

What did you LEARN

about this subject?

Fill in K and W before reading the text. Return to L after you have finished answering the

comprehension questions.

The Earth is a planet in the

Universe.

The Universe is the space

around it.

There is no known end to

the Universe.

How did the Earth form_

How big is the space_

?

?

By the proto-planetary

process out of the cold

nebula.

It is believed to have a

radius of 15 billion light

years and is

expanding.

Use some of the words to say what

you already know about the Earth,

the Solar System, the Milky Way and

the Universe.

>

>


2/11

Inner Planets

Mercury

Venus

Earth

Mars

Outer Planets

Jupiter

Saturn

Uranus

Neptune

Minor Bodies

Pluto

Comets

Asteroids

Meteorites

The Universe is an infinite space surrounding the Earth, with a radius of at least 15 billion light years, and is believed to be constantly expanding. A light

Groups of stars and

planets in the Universe

are called galaxies.

The Earth rotates around

the Sun with 7 other

planets and this is called

The Solar System.

The Solar System is a part

of the Milky Way Galaxy.

How many galaxies are there There are millions of galaxies in the Universe

in the Universe?

How big is the Solar System? > The Solar System has one sun, eight planets,

How far is the Solar System 60 satellites, numerous planetoids, meteors and cosmic dust.

from the centre of the Milky Way? > It is 30 million light years away from the centre of the Milky Way.

What is a light year and > A light year is the distance a ray of light covers in a year at the speed

What is a cosmic year and why of 300,000 km/sec and a cosmic year is the time it takes the Solar System

are they important? to complete the circle around the centre of the Milky Way - 226 million

years.

What can you see in the picture? The Sun.

What can you see around it? The Universe.

Why is the Sun important to us? t g ves us g t an eat

ow oes t e art re ate to t e un t rotates aroun t

re t ere any ot er p anets t at reate to

the Sun?

What are the Sun and its 8 planets called?

What is the name of the galaxy that

the Solar System belongs to?

Yes, t ere are more p anets, sate tes,

planetoids, meteors and cosmic dust.

The Sun and its 8 Planets are called

the Solar System.The Solar System belongs to the Milky Way

galaxy.

at s t ere etween t e nner

planets and the outer planets?

There is an asteroid belt between

Mars and Jupiter which separates

the inner from the outer planets.

Are there only planets in the

Solar System?

No, there are also satellites, planetoids,

meteors, comets asteroids and

cosmic dust.

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>
http://stardate.org/astro-guide/ssguide/meteoriteshttp://stardate.org/astro-guide/ssguide/meteoriteshttp://stardate.org/astro-guide/ssguide/asteroidshttp://stardate.org/astro-guide/ssguide/asteroidshttp://stardate.org/astro-guide/ssguide/cometshttp://stardate.org/astro-guide/ssguide/cometshttp://stardate.org/astro-guide/ssguide/plutohttp://stardate.org/astro-guide/ssguide/plutohttp://stardate.org/astro-guide/ssguide/neptunehttp://stardate.org/astro-guide/ssguide/neptunehttp://stardate.org/astro-guide/ssguide/uranushttp://stardate.org/astro-guide/ssguide/uranushttp://stardate.org/astro-guide/ssguide/saturnhttp://stardate.org/astro-guide/ssguide/saturnhttp://stardate.org/astro-guide/ssguide/jupiterhttp://stardate.org/astro-guide/ssguide/jupiterhttp://stardate.org/astro-guide/ssguide/marshttp://stardate.org/astro-guide/ssguide/marshttp://stardate.org/astro-guide/ssguide/earthhttp://stardate.org/astro-guide/ssguide/earthhttp://stardate.org/astro-guide/ssguide/venushttp://stardate.org/astro-guide/ssguide/venushttp://stardate.org/astro-guide/ssguide/mercuryhttp://stardate.org/astro-guide/ssguide/mercury


3/11

year is the distance that a ray of light covers in a year at a speed of 300,000 km/sec.

There is an infinite number of groups of stars or galaxies in the Universe. The Milky Way galaxy that our Solar System is a part of is just one of them,

and in some Slavic languages it is referred to as kumova slama.

The Sun and its system are 30 million light years away from the centre of this galaxy and they rotate with it. It takes 226 million years for the Solar

System to complete a circle around the centre of the Milky Way, and this period of time is called a cosmic year.

The Solar System consists of eight planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune , with an asteroid belt between

Mars and Jupiter, 60 satellites, numerous planetoids, meteors and cosmic dust. According to the decision made in 2006, the Pluto is not considered to be a

planet due to its constant distancing away from the Solar System.

There are two groups of hypotheses about the origin and creation of the Solar System: those of the red-hot Earth and those of the cold Earth at the

beginning. According to the former group the Earth is gradually getting cooler and older, whereas according to the latter the heat at the core is constantly

being renewed.

The premise of the nebular hypotheses of the first group is that the Sun and the planets formed out of nebula (celestial fog) in the process of self-

formation. This hypothesis was supported by many scientists, one of them being the German philosopher Immanuel Kant and the French astronomer

Pierre Laplace. Kant presented his hypothesis in 1755, in his bookThe Universal Natural History and Theory of the Sky which Laplace added to

later. According to Kant-Laplace hypothesis the Solar System was originally a red-hot fogginess that revolved on its axis and thereby gained the shape

of a disc. By emitting heat into the cold space around it, this fogginess was gradually cooling, condensing and reducing in size. By decreasing in volume it

rotated gradually faster thus getting flatter. In time, the speed increased so much that it became stronger than gravity, especially in the centre around the

fogginess equator. This led to separation of gaseous rings around the central mass. The heaviest elements concentrated in the centre and eventually created

the Sun while the different density of the matter in rings led to the creation of gravitation cores that later became planets.

This theory that the Earth formed out of the red-hot mass and is getting cooler was abandoned in the mid 20 th century. The now generally accepted

hypothesis about the creation of the Earth by condensation of the cold particles of cosmic dust was first presented by Carl von Weizsecker in 1943.

According to this proto-planetary hypothesis the Solar System formed out of the giant rotating cloud of cold cosmic dust and gases (nebula). The

matter of the nebula was very tenuous at the beginning, its temperature being only a few degrees above the absolute zero (-273.16 degrees). Its solid

particles were mainly composed of metal, silica, and icy-crystallized gases, while only hydrogen and helium, which made up 98% of the cloud matter, were

in gaseous state. In the middle of the cloud, where the matter was the thickest, a central globula the proto-sun formed due to the collision of the particles

inside. This central globula compressed fast and its gravity was increasing. The rest of the cloud gained the shape of a very flat disc where, due to the

turbulent movements, smaller globulas or vortexes of cosmic dust formed somewhat later to become proto-planets.

Due to its huge mass and gravity, there was a strong contraction and a sudden increase in temperature in the centre of the central globula. When the

temperature reached several million degrees Celsius, a thermonuclear reaction of turning hydrogen into helium started, thus giving birth to a new star - the

sun, which started emitting light and heat. According to this hypothesis, the sun and the planets originated from the same matter and formed at about the

same time.

The increase in temperature was a consequence of huge friction at the compression of the matter, although a substantial quantity of heat could have been

the result of the radioactive decay of elements. Due to this, the matter that formed our planet started melting, first the minerals abundant in silica-dioxide.

This molten mass ormagma, being lighter, started moving towards the surface whereas the other not as easy to melt elements with a greater specific weight

sank towards the centre of the Earth. The melting of the core was followed by the release of huge amounts of gases, forming the atmosphere mainly

composed of water vapour. The condensation of this water vapour in the atmosphere and the first precipitations created the hydrosphere, thus giving rise

to the biosphere.

To sum up, the Earth is not getting cooler and older. Instead its inner heat is constantly being renewed.

Identify 3 important supporting

details that contribute to the

main idea of the passage.

1)

2)

3)

Identify 2 details that are not

very important to the main idea

1)

e art s a p anet o t e o ar ystem, n t e y ay gaaxy, one o

millions of galaxies in the Universe, which is infinite and expanding.

A light year is the distance which a ray of light covers in one year at the speed

of 300,000 km/sec; a cosmic year is the period of 226 years that takes the Solar System

to complete a circle around the centre of the Milky Way.

There are many hypotheses about the origin and creation of the Earth and the SolarSystem, and they can all be divided into two groups.

t emany

the first group of hypotheses takes the red-hot Earth as a premiseThe Kant-Laplace hypothesis belongs to this group. According to them the Earth is getting

cooler and older. This belief was abandoned in the mid 20th century.


4/11

of the passage.2)

Write 1 brief paragraph

summarizing the main idea of

the passage. Use the important

details to support your

discussion of the main idea.

Question 1: What is the Universe and how big is it?

Question 2: How are celestial bodies organised within the Universe?

Question 3: What is the Milky Way?

Question 4: How far is the Solar System from the center of the Milky Way?

Question 5: What is the Solar System?

Question 6: What is a light and what a cosmic year?

Question 7: How can we divide all the hypotheses about the origin and creation of the Earth and the Solar System?

Question 8: What is the premise of the Kant-Laplace hypothesis?

Question 9: What is the premise of the proto-planetary hypothesis of Carl von Weizsecker?

Question 10: What gave birth to the Sun?

The second group of hypotheses starts from the premise of the cold nebula. The

proto-planetary hypothesis is of this kind where the planets and the Sun originated

from the same giant rotating cloud of cold cosmic dust and gases (nebula), and formed

at about the same time.

e n verse s an n n te space w t a ra us o a out g t years an s expan ng.

The celestial bodies are organised into galaxies within the Universe.

The Milky Way is a galaxy in the Universe, the one that our Solar System belongs to and rotates with.

The Solar System is 30 mil light years away from the centre of the Milky Way.

The Solar System is a group of 8 planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune; 60 satellites

planetoids, asteroids, meteors, comets, and cosmic dust.

g t year s t e stance t at a ray o g t covers n one year; w ereas a cosm c year s t e per o o t me t at ta es

the Solar System to complete a circle around the centre of the Milky Way.

We can divide all the hypotheses about the origin and creation of the Earth and the Solar System into those

that start from the red-hot Earth and those that start from the cold Earth.

The premise of the Kant-Laplace hypothesis is that the Earth, the Sun and all the planets formed out of the red-hot nebula

in the process of self-creation and cooling.

The premise of the proto-planetary hypothesis is that the Sun and the planets originated from the same matter of the cold

nebula and at about the same time due to some physical and chemical processes.

The thermonuclear reaction of hydrogen turning into helium eventually gave birth to the Sun.


5/11

Rule: The suffix ouschanges a noun into an adjective, like dangerous.

Question 11: how did our planet form?

Question 12: How are the atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere connected?

Focus on Grammar

The simple present is used in 3 cases.

1. General truths: "The sun rises in the east."

2. Habits: "I drink coffee every morning."

3. Conditions: "Today is sunny."How is the simple present used in the sentence(s)

below?

Directions: Identify how the simple_present is used in the sentence(s) below

1. The Sun and its system are 30 million light years away from the centre of this galaxy and they rotate with it.

2. The Sun and its system are 30 million light years away from the centre of this galaxy and they rotate with it.

3. It takes 226 million years for the Solar System to complete a circle around the centre of the Milky Way, and this period of time is

called a cosmic year.

4. The Solar System consists of eight planets:

Word Roots & Stems

Directions: Identify the word that ends with -ous in each sentence and write it on the line.

1. This led to separation of gaseous rings around the central mass.

2. The matter of the nebula was very tenuous at the beginning , its temperature being only a few degrees above the absolute zero ( -

273.16 degrees )

3. Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune , with an asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter, 60 satellites,

numerous planetoids, meteors and cosmic dust.

Our planet formed by melting of the elements due to huge friction in which process the heavier elements sank into the centre,

the molten mas rose to the surface with gases released in the process of melting forming the atmosphere, the first precipitations

from it forming the hydrosphere thus giving rise to the biosphere.

the atmosphere was mainly water vapour and the process of condensation caused first precipitations which formed the hydrosphere

which was one of the main conditions for the creation of biosphere.

re t e un an ts system m g t years away e un an ts system are not m g t years away.

Do they rotate with it? / They do not rotate with it.

Does it take 226 mil years? / It doesn't take 226 mil years.

oes t e o ar ystem consst o e g t p anets e o ar ystem oesnt cons st o p anets.

gas + e + ous

thin > tenu + ous

num er > numer + ous


6/11

Directions: Fill in the blanks below, just as in the models.

gaseous gas + eous Above 100 degrees C., water becomes gaseous.

furious (fury-y) + ious When you pull her tail, the cat gets furious.

mysterious ____________ ________________________________________________

spacious ____________ ________________________________________________

nervous (nerves - es) + ous I was nervous when he drove fast.

glorious ____________ ________________________________________________

Vocabulary PracticeFILL IN THE BLANK

Directions: Use the word bank to identify the word that best completes the sentence.

giving rise to abundant collision condensation cosmic gaseous

gravity infinite Milky Way nebula origin premise

quantity rotate accepted originated expanding emitting

abandoned celestial renewed sank precipitations condensingcompressed density radius axis

1. As the business grew their product line _______________ and now they sell everything.

2. It is bad to _______________ gifts from strangers.

3. The sailors had to _______________ the sinking ship.

4. Telescopes were a big help to _______________ observation.

5. The original book was 1000 pages, but this _______________ version is only 25 pages long!

6. The telescope could not see through the _______________.

7. Should we _______________ our cable tv contract or let it expire?

8. She pushed hard to _______________ the clothes into the bag.

9. The _______________ of the earth is measured from the center of the core out to the crust.

10. We heard a _______________ bang from somewhere in the sky, and everything went dark.

11. The bulb _______________ light.

12. If you jump up, _______________ will cause you to come back down to the ground.

13. The stars in the sky are _______________.

14. He bought a small _______________ of cookies.

15. The Titanic _______________ after it hit an iceberg.

16. The ocean is the _______________ of life on earth.

17. The problems with the heating system _______________ a lot of other problems that we had to solve.

18. They built a big house on the _______________ that they would have many children.

19. The earth _______________ around the sun.

mystery>i+ous

space-e+ous

glory>i+ous


7/11

A. giving rise to

B. abundant

C. collision

D. condensation

E. cosmic

F. gaseous

G. gravity

H. infinite

I. Milky WayJ. nebula

K. origin

L. premise

M. quantity

N. rotate

O. accepted

P. originated

Q. expanding

R. emitting

S. abandoned

T. celestial

U. renewed

V. sankW. precipitations

X. condensing

Y. compressed

Z. density

AA . radius

AB . axis

20. There was a _______________ between two cars. Thankfully, no one was hurt.

21.

22. The food was _______________ at the wedding.

23. The storm brought several inches of _______________

24. The _______________ of gold is 19.3 grams (mass) per cubic centimeter (volume).

MATCHING

Directions: Write the letter of word that matches the definition on the line. If it helps, feel free to alsodraw a line between the definition and the matching word.

29. _______ The act of making something occupy less space by lowering the temperature or ncreasing

pressure.

30. _______ To increase in range or scope.

31. _______ Allow someone to give something; the opposite of refuse.*

32. _______ To leave and give up ownership or control.

33. _______ Related to the stars.

34. _______ To make smaller.

35. _______ A cloud of gas in space.

36. _______ To begin again; resume.

37. _______ The galaxy.

38. _______ To press together or into smaller space.

39. _______ Half the diameter of a circle. The radius is the distance from the center of a circle to the edge.

40. _______ Related to the universe.*

41. _______ To send or give out.

42. _______ Universal force that causes objects to be attracted to one another.

43. _______ Endless; more than any number.

44. _______ Relating to gas; being like air, or without a solid body.

45. _______ The amount or number of something.

46. _______ To fall or drop, usually through water.

47. _______ The beginning or source of something..

48. _______ be the cause of something

49. _______ The basic idea on which other ideas are built.

50. _______ To move in a circle.

51. _______ To create or begin something.

52. _______ Violent contact.

53. _______ A line that is imagined to pass through the center of an object.

54. _______ Plentiful, ample.*


8/11

57.

58.

59.

60.

61.

62.

63.

64.

65.

66.

67.

68.

69.

70.

71.

55. _______ The quantity of water fall (rain, snow, etc.) within a period of time.

56. _______ The amount of mass in a specific amount of volume.

WRITE YOUR OWN SENTENCES

Directions: For each of the words in the box, write an original sentence using the word. Circle thevocabulary word in each sentence. Be sure to write a sentence that would help the reader better

understand the meaning of the word.

giving rise to abundant collision condensation cosmic gaseous

gravity infinite Milky Way nebula origin premise

quantity rotate accepted originated expanding emitting

abandoned celestial renewed sank precipitations condensing

compressed density radius axis


9/11

72.

73.

74.

75.

76.

77.

78.

79.

80.

81.

82.

83.

84.


10/11

LESSON:Aim:to learn of the different theories of the creation of the earth and the solar system Grade: 9 Subject: Prepared by: Marijana Nikolic

Objectives:

Students will be able to understand, pronounce, and use the words in the vocabulary list below.

Students will be able to demonstrate comprehension of the passage by answering questions which require basic understanding and

interpretation of the content.

to independently find the key information and be able to present the key points in the lesson; work in pairs

Standards addressed:

Vocabulary:

1. giving rise to 2. abundant 3. collision 4. condensation 5. cosmic 6. gaseous

7. gravity 8. infinite 9. Milky Way 10. nebula 11. origin 12. premise

13. quantity 14. rotate 15. accepted 16. originated 17. expanding 18. emitting

19. abandoned 20. celestial 21. renewed 22. sank 23. precipitations 24. condensing

25. compressed 26. density 27. radius 28. axis

Activity

Description

Differentiation Guide

Assessment

Introduction of vocabulary

Introduce the new words from

the vocabulary list in above

(see Objectives) by modeling

pronunciation, individual and

choral repitition.

Review defintions

Sample Questioning:

In your own words, explain

the definition.

Who can think of a time

when this word might be

used?

Can you use this word in a

sentence?

Whats the antonym

(opposite) of this word?

When appropriate, give

different types of learners an

opportunity to write down the

new words, associate a visual

image to cue to understanding

of the word, or develop a

physical action to increase the

students ability to remember

the new words.

ALL Students will be able to

increase their understanding

and awareness of the new

words.SOME Students will be

asked to orally demonstrate

knowledge of new words.

Reading & Comprehension

Questions

Students will read the passages

of and demonstrate

comprehension of the content

by question.

Depending on the population:

Read the entire passage aloud,

to model phrasing and fluency.

Pause at key moments and

model good reading strategies

through a think aloud. Ask

students to volunteer to read

parts of the passage aloud.

Instruct students to read thepassage silently and complete

the questions independently,

while working with students who

need more literacy help. Ask

students to complete the

questions by doing Think, Pair,

Share

ALL Students will read the

passage or follow along as the

passage is read. ALL Students

will strive to demonstrate

comprehension of the passage

by answering the questions.

SOME students will be given an

opportunity to share their

answer aloud.

Grammar

Students will review the usage

of and then identify

simple_present in sentences

from the reading. Students will

write 5 original sentences usingsimple_present.

Give students need time to

work on completing their own

practice sentences for the

grammatical structure. Invite

early finishers to put theirsentences on the board or

challenge them to not only use

the grammar structure, but also

include the vocabulary from the

lesson in their sentences.

ALL Students will be able to

demonstrate an increased

mastery of the grammar

structure by independently

writing sentences that correctlyemploy simple_present.


11/11

Word Building: Roots and

Stems

Students will be encouraged to

take away a word-attack

strategy from this lesson by

reviewing -y, which was used in

the reading.

Students may benefit from

having time to complete this

portion of the worksheet

individually or in pairs.

ALL students will be able to

recognize the suffix -y and

understand The suffix y

changes a noun into an

adjective, like dirty..

Practicing New Vocabulary

Students will be given a chance

to practice applying new

vocabulary by completing cloze

sentences.

Students complete this section

of worksheet independently

prior to group review of the

answers. When appropriate,have students work in pairs or

small groups.

ALL Students will increase their

familiarity with the new

vocabulary and their ability to

successfully use these newwords in context. Students who

get more than two of the cloze

sentences wrong should be

asked do other reinforcement

(i.e. flash cards).

Summary

Instructor will review the

objectives of the lesson with the

class a whole.

The summary can be

completed as quick discussion

or by asking student to

summarize in their notes.

Example quick assess: 3 new

pieces of information from text,

2 new words, 1 question about

what they learned.

Fill-in-the-blank Answer Key:

2) expanded 3) accept 4) abandon 5) celestial 6) condensed 7) nebula 8) renew 10) compress 11) radius 12) cosmic 13) emits 14) gravity 15)

infinite 17) quantity 18) sank 19) origin 20) gave rise to 21) premise 22) rotates 24) collision 26) abundant 27) precipitation 28) density

Matching Answer Key:

A. -20

B. -26

C. -24

D. -1

E. -12

F. -16

G. -14

H. -15

I. -9J. -7

K. -19

L. -21

M. -17

N. -22

O. -3

P. -23

Q. -2

R. -13

S. -4

T. -5

U. -8

V. -18

W. -27

X. -6Y. -10

Z. -28

AA. -11

AB. -25

tijana slanje

Documents