trac dia trong xay dung

TIU CHUN Vit nam

TIU CHUN Vit namTCVn 3972 : 1985

Nhom H

Cng tc trc a trong xy dng

Geodesic works in building

Tiu chun ny p dng thi cng v nghim thu cng tc trc a trong giai on xy lp cng trnh. i vi cc cng trnh dng tuyn, cng trnh thy li, sn bay,

ng hm v cng trnh khai thc m, th ngoi cc quy nh trong tiu chun ny cn phi tun theo cc quy phm thi cng v nghim thu ca cc chuyn ngnh xy dng.

1.Quy nh chung

1.1.Cng tc trc a trong giai on xy lp cng trnh gm nhng ni dung sau:

a) Thnh lp li khng ch thi cng;

b) B tr cng trnh;

c) Kim tra chnh xc xy lp cng trnh;

d) Quan trc bin dng cng trnh;

1.2.Vic thnh lp li khng ch thi cng v xc nh ni dung quan trc bin dng cng trnh l nhim v ca t chc thit k.

Cng tc o c b tr cng trnh, kim tra cht lng thi cng l nhim v ca cc t chc xy lp.

1.3.Khi thnh lp li khng ch thi cng phi p ng hai yu cu sau:

- Ph hp vi s phn b cc phn, cc b phn cng trnh trn phm vi xy

dng;

- Thun tin cho vic b tr cng trnh, bo m chnh xc tt nht v bo v

c lu di.

1.4.Cng tc trc a cn thc hin theo mt trnh t thng nht, kt hp cht ch vi thi hn hon thnh tng b phn cng trnh v tng khu cng vic; m bo v

tr, cao ca i tng xy lp ng vi yu cu thit k.

1.5.Khi xy dng cc cng trnh ln, hin i, phc tp v nh nhiu tng phi lp

bn thit k thi cng cng tc trc a. Ni dung chnh ca bn thit k ny gm:

a. Cc phng n lp li;

b. Chn phng n x l cc vn phc tp nh o ln, o bin dng, o kim tra;

c. Cc quy nh v chnh xc o li, phng php bnh sai li, cc loi mc

v du mc;

d. T chc thc hin o c.

1.6.Trc khi tin hnh cng tc trc a cn nghin cu bn v cng trnh, kim tra kch thc, ta , cao trn cc bn v c s dng. Khi cn thit phi lp

thm bn v b tr chi tit. Cc kch thc v cao khng o trc tip c cn phi xc nh bng phng php gii tch. Cho php p dng phng php th vi cc cng trnh tm.

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1.7.Cn s dng my, dng c c hiu sut v chnh xc cao nh my o di

quang in, my cao t iu chnh, dng c chiu ng quang hc v cc loi

my c chnh xc tng ng. Cc my v dng c phi kim tra, kim nghim, iu chnh trc khi s dng.

1.8.Trc khi o cn phi thu dn cc vt chng ngi lm hn ch tnh hp l ca phng php o hoc lm gim chnh xc v tc o.

V tr mc nh du cc trc cng trnh phi ni n nh. Khi o gc, o cnh cn m nhng hng rng t nht l 1m

p dng phng php chiu ng chuyn ta cc im ln tng phi c khong trng sn, kch thc nh nht l 15 x 15cm.

1.9.Ngoi quy nh cc iu trn, khi b tr cng trnh cn phi chun b:

a. Phng php o chi tit v chnh xc;

b. Phng php pht trin li thi cng;

c. S liu o ni cc trc chnh cng trnh vi cc im khng ch;

d. Phng php kim tra;

e. Bin php an ton cho ngi v my.

1.10.Khi xy dng xong cng trnh phi o v hon cng xc nh v tr thc ca cng trnh. Bn v hon cng phi l mt trong cc h s lu tr ca cng trnh.

2.Li khng ch thi cng

2.1.Li khng ch thi cng bao gm nhiu mc c nh lm c s cho vic b tr

cci tng xy lp t bn thit k ra thc a.

2.2.Vic b tr li khng ch thi cng phi cn c vo bn v tng mt bng do t chc thit k cung cp, kt hp vi cng tc kho st ngoi thc a.

Li khng ch thi cng phi o ni c vi cc mc trc a Nh nc, mc trc a a phng, hoc cc mc c trong giai on kho st trc y.

2.3.Trc khi thit k li khng ch thi cng, cn nghin cu k bn thuyt minh v

nhim v trc - a.

Cng tc thit k li bt u t vic chn mc, d tnh chnh xc, thuyt minh hng dn o c, xc nh trnh t v thi hn o tng ng vi tin xy lp.

2.4.Li khng ch thi cng c nhng dng chnh sau y:

a) Li vung xy dng thch hp xy dng x nghip, cc cm nh v cng trnh. Chiu di cc cnh nn l bi s chn ca 50 mt hoc 100 mt v di

t 50 mt v 400 mt ty theo mt v s phn b cc i tng xy lp.

b) Cc ng thch hp xy dng cc ngi nh ring bit th hay nng thn;

c) Li tam gic o gc v li tam gic o cnh thch hp xy dng cu, p nc;

d) ng chuyn xy dng cc cng trnh dng tuyn nh ng giao thng,

ng dy ti in.

2.5.Li khng ch thi cng c php pht trin theo hai giai on:

-Li khng ch thi cng mt bng v li khng ch cao chnh.

-Li khng ch thi cng mt bng v li khng ch cao chi tit. Li

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khng ch thi cng cao chnh thnh lp theo cc dng nh iu 2.4. Li khng ch thi cng cao chnh thnh lp theo phng php cao hnh hc. Li khng ch thi cng mt bng v li khng ch cao chi tit pht trin t li khng ch thi cng mt bng v li khng ch cao chnh bng cc phng php o tam gic, giao hi, ng chuyn kinh v v

cao k thut.

2.6.Li khng ch cao thnh lp di dng tuyn khp kn, hoc cc tuyn n ni vo t nht hai mc cao Nh nc hay mc cao a phng. Cc mc khng ch mt bng c th ng thi l mc khng ch cao.

2.7.Sai s trung phng cho php khi lp li khng ch thi cng ph thuc vo c

im ca i tng xy dng c quy nh bng 1.

Bng 1- Sai s trung phng cho php khi lp li khng ch thi cng

Bng 1

Cp chnh xcc im ca i tng xy lpSai s trung phng cho php khi lp li

o gc

()o cnh

(t l)o cao

(mm)

1- X nghip, cc cm nh v cng trnh xy dng trn phm vi ln hn 100 ha; tng ngi nh v cng trnh ring bit trn din tch ln hn 1.000.000 m251/50.0002

2-X nghip, cc cm nh v cng trnh xy dng trn phm vi nh hn 100 ha; tng ngi nh v cng trnh ring bit trn din tch t 10 n 100 nghn m2101/15.0002

3- Nh v cng trnh xy dng trn din tch nh hn

10.000m2; ng v cc ng ng ngm hoc trn mt t trong phm vi xy dng.201/5.0003

4-ng v cc ng ng ngm hoc trn mt t ngoi phm vi xy dng301/2.00010

chnh xc o cnh y phi tnh c th theo yu cu ca tng loi cng trnh.

2.8.Khi lp li khng ch cn phi lu :

- C hnh tt nht, m bo s dng c lu di c trong qu trnh xy lp cng nh khi ci to v sa cha sau ny;

- Cc mc phi nhng v tr o gc v o di tt nht;

- cao mt mc so vi cao thit k cng trng khng c chnh nhau qu ln;

- Cc iu kin a cht, nhit , in t v cc qu trnh ng lc khc nh hng khng tt ti cht lng o;

- Cc trc ca li vung xy dng phi song song vi trc chnh ca cng trnh. Cc mc khng ch nn gn cc i tng cn b tr;

- Cc mc khng ch khng t gn h mng hoc trn ng ng ngm.

2.9.Trong bn thit k cng tc trc a cn nu c th hnh dng, kch thc cc mc, su chn mc, kt cu ca mc v cch nh du trn mc.

Nu khng c g c bit th nn s dng cc dng mc c trong cc quy phm

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o c hin hnh (Quy phm thy chun hng 1, 2, 3, 4 v o tam gic Nh nc hng 1, 2, 3, 4 do Cc o c v bn Nh nc xut bn ngy 4 thng 1 nm

1976).

2.10.Khi dng mc cn bo m cc yu cu sau:

a) Cc mc dng lm gc khi phc v pht trin cc mc khng ch khc phi c bo v chc chn;

b) Mc mt t cn b tr ngoi vng c nh hng xu ti vic bo qun mc. Mc gn tng c t trn cc kt cu chu lc ca cng trnh;

c) Khi phi gia cng li mc khc, cn bo m s tng ng ca mc i vi chnh xc ca li v yu cu v bo qun;

d) V tr mc phi ghi trn bn v tng mt bng v trn cc bn v khc dng trong thi cng.

2.11.T chc thit k phi thnh lp li khng ch thi cng v bn giao cho t chc xy lp cng trnh khng t hn 10 ngy trc khi thi cng. Ti liu bn giao gm:

a) Cc mc ca li vung xy dng, v tr cc ng (nu c), cc mc li tam gic, cc mc ng chuyn a gic v ng chuyn cao;

b) Cc trc chnh v trc bao cng trnh c nh du bng cc mc chc chn.

t nht mi u trc phi c 2 mc;

c) Cc trc ca tuyn giao thng v ng ng k thut phi nh du bng cc mc cch nhau 500m v nh ngot ca tuyn;

d) Cc mc cao t trn mt t hoc gn trn tng phi to thnh mt mng li cao cht ch v phn b u trong phm vi xy dng ( mi ngi nh hoc mi cng trnh ring bit phi c t nht 2 mc).

2.12.Cc mc ca li khng ch thi cng cn c bo v chc chn. Ch tin hnh

o sau khi mc n nh.

3.Cng tc trc a b tr cng trnh

3.1.Cng tc trc a b tr cng trnh nhm mc ch xc nh v tr mt bng v cao ca cc kt cu, cc b phn cng trnh trn cng trng ng nh thit k.

3.2.Trc khi b tr cng trnh phi kim tra li cc mc ca li khng ch thi cng. Cn cn c vo cc bn v tm ra cc kch thc, s liu c quan h gia i tng xy lp vi li khng ch, hoc vi cc cng trnh c.

3.3.Cc bn v phi c khi b tr cng trnh:

a) Bn v tng mt bng cng trnh;

b) Bn v b tr cc trc chnh cng trnh (c ghi kch thc ca cng trnh, ta

giao im cc trc, cao mt nn, tn mc khng ch v ta , cao

ca n);

c) Bn v mng cng trnh (cc trc mng, kch thc v chiu su ca n);

d) Bn v mt ct cng trnh (c cc kch thc v cao cn thit).

Trc khi b tr cng trnh phi kim tra cc s liu (nh kch thc v cao) gia cc bn v chi tit vi bn v tng mt bng, kch thc tng phn v kch thc ton b.

3.4.Sai s cho php khi b tr cng trnh (quy nh bng 2) ph thuc vo:

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a) Kch thc v chiu cao cng trnh;

b) Vt liu xy dng;

c) Hnh thc kt cu ton cng trnh;

d) Tnh cht ca cng trnh;

e) Trnh t v phng php thi cng.

Trng hp thi cng theo thit k c bit, cc sai s cho php cha c trong tiu chun thi cng hin hnh, th chnh xc ca cng tc b tr phi cn c vo

iu kin k thut khi xy lp tnh.

Bng 2

Cp chnh xcc im ca cng trnh v cc kt cuSai s cho php khi b tr

o gc

()o cnh v chuyn trc theo chiu caoo cao

(mm)

1Cc kt cu kim loi, kt cu b tng ct thp

c sn, lp ghp theo phng php t c

nh ti cc im chu lc101/15.0001

2Nh cao trn 16 tng, hoc c khu di

36m v cng trnh cao hn 60m101/10.0002

3Nh cao t 5 n 16 tng hoc khu t 6

36m v nhng cng trnh cao t 15 60m. Cc kt cu b tng ct thp c sn lin kt hn hoc bu lng; cc kt cu b tng ct thp nguyn khi khng gian v tng trong cp pha di ng hoc cp pha trt201/5.0002

4Nh di 5 tng hoc khu di 6m v cc cng trnh cao di 15m. Cc kt cu b tng ct thp nguyn khi lp ghp ti ch: cc kt cu xy tng khi b tng hoc gch; cc kt cu g.301/2.0005

5Cng trnh bng t451/1.00010

3.5.Loi my, dng c v phng php o cn c la chn m bo chnh xc quy nh trong cc bng 3, 4, 5, 6 (trong bng 3 quy nh cc iu kin m bo chnh xc o gc; trong bng 4 quy nh dng c o di, chnh xc v cc yu cu c bn; trong bng 5 quy nh cc iu kin bo m chnh xc

cao. Trong bng 6 quy nh cc iu kin bo m chnh xc chuyn cc trc ln cao).

3.6.Khi lp rp thit b v nhng kt cu c lin quan n ton b qu trnh sn xut cn bo m v tr chnh xc ca chng ng nh thit k, ng thi phi tha mn cc dung sai k thut lp ghp. Nu gia cc kt cu xy dng v cc thit b lp rp khng c iu kin chnh sai s lp rp, th cng tc lp rp thit b k thut v b tr kt cu xy dng phi tin hnh vi chnh xc nh nhau.

3.7.V tr ca trc chnh v trc bao cng trnh b tr y t cc mc ca li vung xy dng v t cc mc trc a chnh. Cc trc chnh, trc bao phi nh du bng cc mc c nh. S lng mc ty thuc vo tnh hnh c th mt bng cngtrng.

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Vic chn phng php b tr trc phi xut pht t chnh xc quy nh trong thit k.

3.8.Sau khi dng xong cc trc chnh v trc bao cng trnh, mi c b tr cc trc trung gian trn tng gc v cc tng lp ghp khc. Cng tc b tr trc trung gian tin hnh bng cch o trc tip khong cch t trc chnh, to thnh nhng trc song song.

3.9. bn trong hoc gn cc cng trnh phc tp phi b tr mt s mc 0.000. cao ca cc b phn trong cng trnh u phi ly mc 0.000 lm c s. Mc 0.000 phi ni vo t nht 2 mc ca li cao gc. Trong qu trnh thi cng phi thng xuyn kim tra li cao ca n.Khi b tr cao c th dng

3 phng php:

- o cao hnh hc (phng php hay dng v c chnh xc cao);

- o cao lng gic;

- o trc tip bng thc theo hng thng ng.

3.10.Khi chuyn cao t tng gc ln tng khc th cao tng gc phi hon ton

n nh.

3.11.Cng tc b tr cng trnh phi c kim tra bng cch lp cc tuyn o theo hng ngc li v c cng chnh xc nh tuyn c.

3.12.Kt qu b tr cc b phn v trn mi tng lp ghp phi ghi li trn cc bn v

thi cng.

3.13.Sau khi c nh cc trc chnh, cc trc bao cng trnh, sai s b tr gia cc trc khc trong cng trnh khng c ln qu 2mm. t c chnh xc o di ny phi dng khung nh v xung quanh cng trnh.

3.14.Khi chuyn giao tng b phn cng trnh t t chc xy lp ny sang t chc xy lp khc, phi c bin bn bn giao cc trc cao v ta cc im.

Bng 3

Ni dung thc hinSai s trung phng o gc

102030

nh tm my kinh v v hng ngm.

iu kin myDng b phn nh tm quang hc. phng

i knh hin vi c s

40 50 ln, phng

i ca ng knh30 lnDng qu di khut gi. phng i ca ng knh l 20

25 ln.

nh du imMc kim loi trn c vch ch thpVch ch thp bng bt ch trn cc b mt nhn.

S vng oKhng t hn 2Khng t hn 1

Loi my (hoc cc loi khc c chnh xc tng ng)T 5 (Lin X) T 2 (Thy S) Theo 010 (c)T.10 (Lin X); T1A (Thy S); TCC1 (Hung), Theo 020 (c)T.30 (Lin X) Theo 080 (c)

Bng 4

6


Dng c o v yu cu k thut chnh xc c th t duoc

- Thc thp bn thng, khng c vch khc mili mt, nh hng bng mt v so tiu ko tay.1 : 1.000 - 1 : 3.000

- Thc thp bn chnh xc, c vch khc mili mt, nh hng bng kinh v, o s b trc bng thc dy. o chnh cao bng my thy bnh, o nhit mi ln c s. Mi on thc x dch thc ba ln, ba chiu di ca on thc khng c chnh nhau qu +1mm. Trn mi cnh phi o i o v 2 ln. Cng thc bng lc k, kim nghim thc trc khi o.1 : 10.000 1 : 20.000

Mia v my kinh v o khong cch hai hnh (nh my Rta v cc my kinh v khc c b phn o khong cch hai bnh). Phi hiu chnh o nhit khi o ng chuyn chnh xc. o vo bui sng hoc bui chiu.1 : 5.000

Thc bn inva c lc cng 10kg v cc s hiu chnh cn thit.

o vo lc lng gi.1 : 50.000

Thc dy o cnh y. Phng php o cnh y.1 : 1.000.000

My o di quang in. Hiu chnh nhit v p sut.

o t 3 5 ln.1:100.000 n 1:1.000.000

Khi o cc cnh trn di

1km; 1:500.000

Khi o cc cnh n 50km

My kinh v v mia bala. My v mia t hai u cnh o1:7.000 (khi S = 100m)

1:5.000 (khi S = 150m)

1:4.000 (khi S = 200m)

Phng php nh du im khi o di c chnh xc 1:10.000

hoc cao hn naKhc vch ch thp ln nm kim loi ca mc

Khi o di c chnh xc 1:5.000Dng bt ch nhn k ln mt phng nhn v sch

Khi o di c chnh xc 1:1.000 hoc 1:2.000ng inh trn u cc g

Bng 5

iu kinSai s trung phng cho php khi chuyn cao

2mm 5mm 10mm

1234

phng i ca ng knh

Gi tr phn khong ca ng thy di

Gi tr phn khong ca ng thy di ph hp

Chnh lch khong ngm trc v sau

Tch ly v chnh lch khong ngm

Sai lch gia 1m trn mia so v mt chun

vng ca mia trn 1m chiu di mia

Dng mia

cao tia ngm i qua vt chng ngiKhng nh hn 30 Khng nh hn 15 Khng nh hn 30

2mm

5m

0,5mm

3mm

C mia

Phi ln hn 0,5mKhng nh hn 24

Khng nh hn 25

3 5m

12m

1mm

4mm

C mia

Phi ln hn 0,3m10m

20m

1mm

4mm


Bng 6

iu kinSai s o c cho php

1:10.000 n 1:5.0001:2.000 n 1:1.000

123

Dng c chiuDi quang hcMy kinh v

nh tm dng c chiuB phn nh tm quang hcDng qu di thng

(qu di cao di 15m)

Phng php nh du im

c chuynTheo s dc trn thc c vch khc milimtDng bt ch ghi du ln mt phng

Khong cch t tia ngm n cc kt cu xy dng100mm 50mm

Khong cch chiu ln nht c th p dngDRZ (Lin X) 500m

PZL (CHDC c) 100m

iu kin hnh hc ca dng c chiuTrc ng vung gc vi trc ng thy. Trc ngm song song vi trc ng (Trc ngm

ng nht vi trc ng)Phi t 3 iu kin c bn ca my knh v.

S ln o ngmKhng t hn 2 ln

Loi my (hoc cc loi my khc c chnh xc tng

ng)PZL, OPZT - 30

4.Kim tra chnh xc xy lp cng trnh

4.1.Trong qu trnh thi cng cn kim tra cng tc xy lp v chnh xc ca chng. Cng tc kim tra gm hai ni dung:

a) Kim tra bng my v tr v cao thc ca tng phn, tng b phn cng trnh v h thng ng ng k thut trong qu trnh xy lp.

b) o v hon cng v tr thc v cao thc ca tng phn cng trnh v h

thng ng ng k thut sau khi xy lp.

Bn v tng mt bng hon cng phi o v vi t l 1: 1.000. Ni c nhiu ng giao thng v ng ng k thut phi o v vi t l 1: 500. Bn v tng mt bng hon cng phi bn giao cho ngi s dng cng trnh, trong c ch k ca ngi ph trch t chc xy lp v ca ngi o v.

4.2.Bn v tng mt bng hon cng phi c h thng ta , v tr cc i tng va xy lp, cc cng trnh c v a hnh phm vi xy dng. Km theo bn v ny phi c bn thuyt minh v kt qu nghim thu.

4.3.Trong bn v thit k thi cng cn nu r cc phn cng trnh v cc kt cu phi

o v hon cng (nh mng cc trc khi b tng di cc, ng ng ngm trc khi san lp, ct nh nhiu tng trc khi lp panen v ct ca tng tip theo).

4.4.Ch u t c th u nhim cho t chc thit k o v hon cng trc khi nghim thu cng trnh. Phi nh du ln tng mt bng tt c nhng sai lch v

v tr ca cng trnh.

4.5.Vic lp v hon chnh ti liu hon cng phi p ng cc yu cu sau:


a) Phn nh ton b thnh qu xy lp cng trnh;

b) Ti liu hon cng l mt trong cc ti liu gc m rng hoc sa cha cng trnh sau ny;

c) Ti liu hon cng khng ch phn nh hin trng m cn phn nh mt cch c h thng kt qu nghim thu tng hng mc cng trnh.

4.6.V tr thc ca cc kt cu (mt bng, cao, thng ng, nm ngang, nghing hoc dc) v v tr ng ca cc chi tit lp ghp phi c t chc xy lp xc nh trong khi xy lp.

V tr ng ca chng c kim tra bng cch so snh, vi kch thc v cao ghi trong bn v thi cng.

4.7.Cc kt cu cng trnh, sau khi xy lp xong phi tin hnh kim tra chnh xc. Trong bin bn kim tra phi c ch k ca i din t chc xy lp.

4.8.Kim tra mt bng cc kt cu cng trnh c tin hnh bng cch o trc tip khong cch gia cc Sau khi iu chnh v nh du, phi kim tra khong cch gia cc mp k nhau ca cc chi tit bng thc thp kim nghim hoc

thc mu chuyn dng.

4.9.Kim tra cao cc kt cu cng trnh cn tin hnh bng cao hnh hc. kim tra cao trn cc tng lp ghp phi o trc tip bng thc thp kim nghim, hoc cao bng hai my thy bnh v thc thp treo t do. Khi kim tra cao cc b phn ca thit b k thut nn dng phng php cao thy tnh hoc dng my thy bnh c b o cc nh v mia inva.

4.10.Kim tra thng ng cc kt cu v cng trnh cao 5m tin hnh bng dy di; cao di 50m bng hai my kinh v to thnh cc mt thng ng hoc

o khong cch ngang t b mt kt cu n tia ngm ca my kinh v; cao trn 50m dng dng chiu ng.

4.11. thng ng ca cc ct c kim tra ti nh ct v vai ct.

Sai s ch yu khi lp t cc ct b tng ct thp c sn ca nh cng nghip

l:

- lch ca ct so vi trc hng ct khng c ln hn 5mm:

-nh ct b nghing so vi ct:

+ Khng qu 10mm khi ct cao di 10m;

+ Khng qu 1/1.000 H khi ct cao trn 10m;

( H l chiu cao ct) nhng nhiu nht khng qu 35mm.

4.12.Sai s o kim tra chnh xc khng c qu 2/10 sai lch cho php nu trong cc quy phm thi cng v nghim thu cng trnh hoc trong bn thit k.

5.Quan trc bin dng cng trnh

5.1.Trong qu trnh thi cng phi tin hnh quan trc bin dng v dch chuyn cng trnh. T chc thi cng c th thc hin nhim v ny theo yu cu ca t chc thit k.

5.2.T chc thit k cn cn c vo tm quan trng ca cng trnh, tnh hnh a cht

ti cng trng xc nh cc i tng cn quan trc, v tr cc mc c s o bin dng, phn b cc im o, phng php o, phng php t mc, kiu mc, chnh xc khi o, cc ti liu cn thu thp v phng php chnh l kt qu.

9


5.3.Cc mc c s ln phi gn cc i tng cn o, cch xa cc b phn, thit b c chn ng mnh; phi ngoi phm vi cc ng giao thng chnh, kho tng v ni c dc trt: phi c t nht 3 mc to thnh li kim tra ln nhau.

Hnh dng v cu to ca mc c s o ln ph thuc vo tnh hnh a cht v

tm quan trng ca cng trnh.

5.4.Trn bn v phn b cc im o phi nh s th t v tr cc im v giao li cho t chc thi cng cng lc vi bn v thi cng.

5.5.B phn trc a trong t chc thi cng cn nghin cu cc yu cu quan trc bin dng cng trnh v xc nh bin php thc hin hp l nht, t c chnh xc cao.

5.6.Cng tc quan trc ln cng trnh phi kt hp cht ch vi thi gian hon thnh tng b phn cng trnh. Trong qu trnh o phi chnh l, tng hp s liu, kp thi phn tch tc ln, hng ln v giao kt qu cho t chc thit k.

5.7.Cng tc quan trc ln cng trnh thc hin theo phng php cao hnh hc. chnh xc ca phng php ny ph thuc vo tm quan trng v tc ln ca cng trnh.

i vi nn mng cc thit b ng lc, cc thit b chu trnh sn xut lin hp dng cao hnh hc cp 1 v cp 2; vi nh v cng trnh bnh thng dng cao hnh hc cp 3.

Sai s cho php khi o ln quy nh nh sau:

1mm i vi cng trnh xy dng trn nn t cng v na cng;

2mm i vi cng trnh xy dng trn nn t ct, t st chu nn km;

5mm i vi cng trnh xy dng trn nn t p, t bn chu nn km.

5.8.Chuyn v ngang ca cng trnh c xc nh theo cc phng php:

- ng ngm chun;

- Hng ring;

- o tam gic (tam gic o gc v tam gic o cnh);

- o chp nh;

- Kt hp.

- Sai s cho php khi xc nh chuyn v ngang khng c vt qu:

1mm i vi cng trnh xy dng trn nn t cng v na cng;

3mm i vi cng trnh xy dng trn nn t ct, st chu nn km;

10mm i vi cng trnh xy dng trn nn t p, t bn chu nn km.

15mm i vi cc cng trnh t.

Trong trng hp cha xc nh trc hng dch v ca cng trnh th phi quan trc theo hai hng vung gc vi nhau.

5.9.Quan trc nghing cng trnh thc hin theo phng php quang hc (chiu, xc nh ta ) hoc theo phng php c hc (dy di v dng c o nghing).

Sai s cho php khi quan trc nghing nh dn dng v nh cng nghip khng c qu 0.0001 H (H l chiu cao nh); 0,0005 H i vi cc cng trnh dng ct nh thp thng tin, ng khi

5.10.Khi quan trc vt rn nt ca cng trnh cn s dng cc dng mc n gin, thc ngm chia vch v khng chia vch. Phi c bn v v tr im quan trc vt

10


rn nt cng trnh, trn c ghi s th t tin vic theo di.

5.11.Cc phng php o, dng c o v cch b tr cc c s (mc gc) mc kim tra khi quan trc bin dng cng trnh phi m bo chnh xc cn thit.


Ph lc 1

Phng php o bin dng cng trnh

A/ Phng php quang hc

Phng php o xc

nh bin dng theo hng chnh xc t

cMyC s ca phng phpPhm vi ng dngNhn xt

1234567

ocao hnh hcThng

ng

0,5mm

1,0mmNi 004

Ni 007

N1o cao hnh hc cp 1 cp

2o ln, chi ca nh, cng trnh khi ln t v rt toc ln tuyt i, my v dng c n gin,

chnh l i hikthut cao

o tam gicNgang2

3mm

(c tnh trc

chnh xc)Theo 010

Te-B1 T5o gc bng giao hi thun vgiao

hi nghch,nh tm cngodchv nh,

chm trn cc cng trnh ko di nh cu, p ncTnh ton mt nhiu th gi, cc im o

c lp nhau, cthdng biu .

ocao lng gicThng

ng

1,0mm

(c tnh trc

chnh xc)Te B1

T5(ng thy bc ngang)o gc ng

nhtm

cngo cc im trn cao v cc im rt kh nThay th c

ocaohnh hc.

Mt

nhiucng sc vo vic

nhdu

im. B nh hngchit

quang.

Phng php chiuNgang1,0mm

(c tnh trc chnh xc)My knh v(ng thy bc ngang)Chiucc

im

trn cao ln thc ngm.

nh tm cngo ngm cc

imt trn caon gin, my thngthng nhanh, kt qu trc tip, vic

nh du im mtnhiu cng.

ogc th saiNgang

1,0mm phi c

tnh

trc chnh

xcTheo 010

(ng thy bc

ngang)o gc bng gia u mc nn mng v im trn cao, nh tm cngonhng

im nh du trnn

gin, dngcv my o khng cng

knh. Tn cng v vic nh du

im.


Dng di quang hcNgang

1mm/100

mOZP, PZLLp nhng tia thngng ln cao hoc xung thpodch chuyn cc vt kin trc rt cao nh thp,

ng khingin, nhanh, cn c thit b c s chuyn dng. B nh hng ca

mi trng.

ng ngm chunNgang1mm/4

00mMy kinh vv thc

ngmdi

ng hoc c nhLp nhng tia ngmquang hc nm ngangXc nh dch v cc cngtrnh di, thng hng ca cc ct, thng

ng ca b mt cc bc tng.n gin. B

nh hng ca mi trng.

B/ Phng php c hc

1234567

o diNgang1,0mm phi c tnh

trc chnh

xcThc dy inva, thc bninva. Dng c o gin

n, dng c o un vnong chuyn chnh xcB tr nhng canhng chuyn chnh xc trn p nc, o cc cnh

ngm chnh

xc trong

nh my chnh xc cao.Cnc thit b chuyn dng t tin.

Dng qu diNgang1,0mmQu

di vthng cht

lng

th diLphng thng ngXc nh nghingca cc vt kin trc cao. chnh xc cao. Cn phi c thit b ph. Phi la chn

iu kin thch hp.

C/ Phung php chp nh

1234567

Chp

nh n v chp

nhlp thNgang, thng

ngmx = mz

= 2mmMy kinh vchp

nh, khong

chp=100mGia cng cc

nh chp mt

t.Thch hp khi cn xc nh cc i lng bin dng rt nhanh chnh xc ph thuc vo khong chp

Ngoi 3 phng php A, B, C, trn, cn c th p dng phng php cao thy tnh

(o bin dng thng ng), dng c o nghing thy tnh (o bin dng thng ng).

13


Ph lc 2

Dung sai cho php khi lp ghp cc kt cu b tng ct thp c sn nh cng nghip

Ni dungDung sai (mm)

Nh mt tngNh nhiu tng

123

lch ca trc chu mng i vi trc b tr 10 10

Sai v cao ca mt ta chu mng so vi thit k20

Sai v kch thc bn trong (chiu di, chiu rng ca chu mng)20

Sai lch v tr cc bulng ging trn mt bng10

Sai v cao u trn bu lng ging so vi thit k20

lch ca ng tim ct ti tit din di so vi trc b tr5

lch ca ng tim ct so vi ng thng ng tit din trn, khi chiu cao H ca ct:

Di 4,5m

T 4,5m n 15m

Trn 15m10

15

0,001H nhng nh hn 35mm10

15

Sai v cao nh ct ca mi t lp(12+12n)

(n: th t ca t lp)

Sai v cao mt ta ca dm cu chy1010

Sai v cao cc mt ta khc trn ct nh ca gi t, ca cng son hn vo ct trc khi lp ct, nu chiu cao ct:

Di 10m

Trn 10m15

2510

15

Sai v cao gi t ca cng son hn sau khi lp ct, nu chiu cao ct:

Di 10m

Trn 10m5

85

8

lch trc panen tng cch tit din di i vi tr b tr55

nghing ca mt phng panen tng vch so vi ng thng

ng ( tit din trn)55

Chnh lch v cao mt ta ca panen tng v vch t trn lp va10

Sai lch ca trc dc dm cu chy so vi trc b tr nh du trn mt ta ca ct.5

Sai v cao mt trn dm cu chy ti 2 ct gn nhau trn hng15

14


ct v ti 2 ct trong mt phng ct ngang khu .

Sai v khong cch gia cc trc ca ng ray trong mt khu

10

Sai lch gia trc ca ng ray v trc ca dm cu chy15

Sai lch ca trc ng ray so vi ng thng trn mt on di

40m1515

Sai v cao ca nh ng ray trong mt ct ngang khu : Ti gi ta

Ti gia khu 15

20

Sai lch v cao ng ray t trn cc ct ln cn trong cng mt hng (l: khong cch gia cc ct)0,001 l nhng khng qu

10mm

Sai lch tng h ca cc u ng ray k nhau theo chiu cao v trong mt phng2

Ph lc 3

Dung sai cho php khi lp ghp cc kt cu thp

Ni dungDung sai (mm)

lch ca trc ct so vi trc b tr ( tit din di) 5

lch ca trc so vi ng thng ng ( tit din trn), khi ct:

Di hoc bng 15m

Trn 15m15

1/1000 chiu cao ca ct nhng khng ln qu 35mm

vng ca ct ( cong ca ct)1/750 chiu cao ca ct nhng khng qu 15mm

Sai v cao mt ta ca ct so vi cao thit k 5

Sai v cao ch ta ca dn v dm20

cong (vng) ca cc on thng trong cnh chu nn so vi mt phng ca dn hoc dm1/750 chiu di on nhng khng qu 15mm

Sai phm v khong cch gia 2 ng trc ca 2 dn ti thanh cnh thng.15

Sai phm v khong cch gia 2 x g5

15


Ph lc 4

Cc yu cu c bn ca li khng ch mt bng v cao chi tit

Ni dungLi khng ch chi tit

Mt bng cao

ng chuyn kinh vTam gic nh cao k

thut

Sai s trung phng:

-o gc bng

-o di

-Cnh yu nht

- chnh cao30

1:500030

1:5000

1:5000 20m

Sai s khp cho php:

-Gc trong tam gic

Tuyn o cao c chiu di (L tnh bng mm) Theo s trm n 60 50 V L

10 V n

Chiu di gii hn: Cnh (km)

ng gia cc im cp cao (km)

ng gia cc im cp cao v im nt (km)

ng gia cc im nt (km)

ng chuyn a gic khp kn (km)0,3

1,5

0,8

0,6

30,6

1,5

1,02,5

10

16


Ph lc 5a

Yu cu c bn ca li khng ch mt bng chnh dng tam gic

Ni dungHng tam gic

IIIIIIIV

Sai s trung phng o gc (tnh theo t nht 8 sai s khp trong tam gic)35810

Sai s trung phng tng i o chiu di cnh

y1:80.0001:50.0001:30.0001:10.000

Chiu di cnh (km) 10,5 - 10,2 0,5< 0,2

Chiu di cnh c o khng ngn hn (km)210,50,2

Sai s tng i gii hn xc nh chiu di1:40.0001:25.0001:15.0001:5.000

Sai s khp gc tam gic7142030

Gc nh nht trong tam gic300300300300

Gc nh nht trong tam gic khi to thnh hnh t gic250250250250

S tam gic gia cc im c nh (cc gc phng v)681010

S ln o ton vng bng my kinh v T2, theo

010 (hoc tng ng)6422

S ln o ton vng bng my kinh v T5, theo

020 (hoc tng ng)-642

Ph lc 5b

Cc yu cu ch yu ca li khng ch cao chnh

Ni dungCp khng ch

123

Sai s trung phng o cao trn 1 km 2mm 5mm 10mm

Sai s h thng trn 1km0,4 mm

Sai s khp cho php v sai lch ln nht ca tng chnh cao gia hng i v hng v

-Khi s trm trn 1 km l 15

-Khi s trm trn 1 km ln hn 15 5 V L

1,2 V n 10 V L

2,5 V n 20 V L

5 V n

Chiu di ln nht ca tuyn:

-ng khp kn (km)

-Gia cc im cp cao (km)

-Gia cc im nt (km)40

1025

15

510

5

3

Khong cch gia cc mc cao thi cng (km)0,50,50,5

Khong cch t my n mia (m)5075100

Chnh khong ngm tng trm (m)125

17


Chnh khong ngm tng on (m)2510

Chiu cao nh nht t tia ngm n mt t (m)0,50,30,2

Chnh lch ln nht gia cc chnh cao c xc

nh theo mt mt en ca mia hoc theo thang chnh thang ph ca mia (mm)0,71,55

Chnh lch ln nht gia s vch chia vnh o cc nh khi o thang chnh v thang ph ca mia

(mm)1530

Ph lc 6

Phn cp chnh xc my thy bnh

1.My thy bnh chnh xc thp v trung bnh

Cc loi my thy bnh ny dng cao k thut n gin trn cng trng, xc

nh chiu cao ca cng trnh, lp cc tuyn thy chun o ni ngn, o cc mt ct

dc v ngang n gin, o cc b mt Sai s trung phng trn 1km l 6 n 20mm

v 2 n 6mm. phng i ca ng knh ca my thy bnh chnh xc thp t 10

n 15 ln v my thy bnh chnh xc trung bnh t 15 n 25 ln. Gi tr phn khong trn ng thy di thng t 30" n 60".

Gi tr phn khong

a) My thy bnh chnh xc thp (chn lc)

Loi myNc sn xutng knh

phng

ing knh ca knh vt

(mm)Chiu di

(mm)Khong ngm ngn nht

(m)ng thy

di

()ng thy

trn

()

BNL NT Ni.E1

NKO1

LD.1

SL.10

NS.4

TN.6

NAKO Ni.4Ty c

Lin X

Hunggari (my t cn bng) Thy S

Nht Bn

Anh

Lin X (my t cn bng) Lin X (my t cn bng) Thy S (my t cn bng)

Ty c (my t cn bng)18

23

6,2

19

18

14

30

20

20

1625

32

16

26

25

30

40

29

30

20163

140

-

160

150

170

188

100

182

1351,5

1,5

0,8

1,6

1,1

3,0

2,0

0,9

0,9

0,960

45

-

60

50

50

-

-

-

-30

10

30

8

10

20

15

20

8

30

18


b) My thy bnh chnh xc trung bnh

Loi myNmc sn xutng knhGi tr phn khong ng thy

ph ng imng knh ca knh vt

(mm)Chiu di


(m)ng thy di ()ng thy trn

()

N.3

NS.3

Ni.B1

Ni.20

N.10

VA.1

Ni.050

Ni.025

NAK1

B2

C3

S.302

S.201

Watts Autoset NAN3Lin X

Lin X (my t cn bng) Hunggari

Bungari

Thy S

Thy S (my t cn bng) CHDC c (my t cn bng) CHDC c (my t cn bng) Thy S (my t cn bng) Nht Bn (my t cn bng) Nht bn (my t cn bng) M (my t cn bng)

M (my t cn bng)

Anh (my t cn bng)

Ty c30

30

28

25

20

22

18

20

24

28

22

20

30

25

2240

34

40

35

32

40

25

30

36

40

30

34

42

36

30175

140

160

208

155

155

210

195

201

210

210

250

273

204

2102,0

3,0

1,2

2,5

1,0

1,0

0,9

1,5

1,0

1,8

1,6

1,5

1,8

2,6

1,515

-

20

20

60

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-5

5

6

6

8

8

25

8

8

6

10

15

15

8

-

2.My thy bnh chnh xc cao

Loi my ny dng cho thy chun cp 3, cao b mt, o mt ct dc, mt ct ngang khi tnh khi lng v cc dng cao khi xy dng cng trnh, sai s trung phng trn 1km o kp (o i o v) t 0,5 n 2mm. phng i ca ng knh t

25 n 30 ln. Gi tr phn khong ca ng thy t 10 n 30" v thng l ng thy

di ph hp.

c) My thy bnh chnh xc cao

Loi myNc sn xutng knhGi tr khong chia ca ng

knh

phng

ing knh ca ng knhChiu diKhong ngm ngn nhtng thy ding thy trn

19


(mm)(mm)(m)()()

N2

Ni030

Li

L21

E.5

SN30

S550

NiA3

Ni002

Ni1

55Lin X CHDC c Ty c Nht Bn Nht Bn Php

Hunggari (my t cn bng) Php (my t cn bng)

Nht bn (my t cn bng) CHDC c (my t cn bng) Thy S (My t cn bng)40

25

30

32

25

27

28-32

25

25

31,5

3052

35

45

45

40

40

45

40

40

40

45390

195

190

253

245

150

272

220

208

-

2502,0

1,8

1,7

1,9

2,0

1,5

3,0

1,7

2,0

2,2

2,010

30

20

15

30

20

-

-

-

-

-5

8

10

10

10

10

8

10

6

8

8

3.My thy bnh chnh xc cao nht

Loi my ny dng :

- Lp cc im cao c nh c chnh xc cao (cp 1, cp 2)

- o cao chnh xc khi xy dng cu, p nc

- Quan trc ln v cc dng cao khc c yu cu sai s trung phng trn tuyn o kp (o i o v) di 1km l 0,5mm. phng i ca ng knh t 35

n 50 ln. ng thy di thng l loi ng thy ph hp, gi tr khong chia t

5" n 10".

d) My thy bnh c chnh xc cao nht

Loi myNc sn xutng knhGi tr khong chia ca ng

knh

phng

ing knh ca knh vt

(mm)Chiu di


(m)ng thy di

()ng thy trn

()

Ni

Ni004

NiA1

SN30

S550

NiA3

Ni002

Ni1

55Lin X CHDC c Hunggari

Php

Anh

Hunggari (my t cn bng) CHDC c (my t cn bng)

Ty c

Nht Bn49

40

32

24

35

36

30-50

40

40

4260

56

65

50

51

67

55

50

50420

375

314

260

300

210

370

407

3554,2

3,0

25

4

4,6

2,0

1,5

1,4

2,510

10

10

13

15

-

-

-

102

2

2

8

20

10

8

5

3,5

Ph lc 7

Phn cp chnh xc my kinh v

20


Cn c vo sai s trung phng c th t c ca mt hng, khi o vi hai v tr

bn th my kinh v c chia thnh 4 loi nh sau:

My kinh vSai s trung phng ca mt hng khi o vi hai v tr, bn

C chnh xc cao nht

trac dia trong xay dung

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