Translation

繁简－静动－首尾－增减－正反

If they could not see the Winter Palace with their own eyes, they could dream about it—as if in the gloaming they saw a breath-taking masterpiece of art they had never known before—as if above the horizon of European civilization was towering the silhouette of Asian civilization.

To properly appreciate the Vienna Woods, one must visit the towns and villages hidden away in the forest. There, princes went hunting, composers wrote masterpieces and captains of industry could at last take a nap from the heat and bustle of the city.

Previously, if I had been really interested in book, I would race from page to page, eager to know what came next. Now, I decide, I had to become a miser with words and stretch every sentence like a poor man spending his last dollar.

I spent three or four hours on the two short chapters—savoring each paragraph, lingering over a sentence, a phrase, or even a single word, building a detailed mental picture of the scene. No longer was I in Sydney, Australia, on a sticky heat-wave night. Relishing every word, I joined foreign correspondent Sheean on a mission to China.

The best friend a man has in this world may turn against him and become his enemy. His son or daughter whom he has reared with loving care may prove ungrateful. Those who are nearest and dearest to us, those we trust with our happiness and our good name, may become traitors to their faith.

Praise is like sunlight to human spirit; we cannot flower and grow without it. And yet, while most of us are only too ready to apply to others the cold wind of criticism, we are somehow reluctant to give our fellows the warm sunshine of praise.

In the fruitful argument, each partner explains why he or she is mad while the other one listens—with respect. Long-term happy couples also tend to argue calmly. Loss of control—yelling, sobbing—seldom helps solve problems. “Couples whose relationship has proved over time usually have learned to keep the lid on an arguments,” says Gottman. “They de-escalate anger by suggesting a compromise or solution.”

Perhaps it is true that everything has a price and we must sacrifice something precious to gain something else. The poets and philosophers say adversity, sorrow and pain add a dimension to our lives. Those who suffer deeply touch life at every point: they drain the cup to the dregs while others sip only the bubbles on top. Perhaps no one can touch the stars who hasn’t known the depth of despair.

There are seasons of the heart. There are seasons in our lives, just as there are seasons to all of the nature. These seasons cannot be forced any more than one can force the coming of spring by pulling at tender blades of grass to make them grow. It took me a while to understand.

Valentine’s Day is celebrated in the United States, Canada, Mexico, the United Kingdom, France and Australia.Hearts have long been connected to love and the emotions. To the Egyptians, the heart was the core of an individual’s life, will and intellect and it was the one internal organ left in the mummy. The symbol of a flaming heart stands for passionate affection.Cupid is the Roman God of love and one of the most popular Valentine’s Day symbols. Originally he was pictured as a handsome young man with a bow and arrows, but over the years, Cupid has changed into a chubby baby. Cupid is the son of Venus (goddess of love and beauty) and is a symbol for passion and playful, tender love. At first, his arrows were invisible and his victims would not be aware that they were shot until they fell in love.

Some professional translators take considerable pride in denying that they have any theory of translation—they just translate. In reality, however, all persons engaged in the complex task of translating posses some type of underlying or covert theory, even though it may be still very embryonic and described only as just being “faithful to what the author was trying to say.”

It is rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way that the author intended in the text. Common sense tells us that this ought to be simple, as one ought to be able to say something as well in one language as in another. On the other hand, you may see it as complicated, artificial and fraudulent, since by using another language you are pretending to be someone you are not. The translation cannot simply reproduce, or be, the original. And since this is so, the first business of the translator is to translate.

Translation is first a science, which entails the knowledge and verification of the facts and the language that describe them—here, what is wrong, mistakes of truth, can be identified; Secondly, it is a skill, which calls for appropriate language and acceptable usage; Thirdly, an art, which distinguishes good from undistinguished writing and is the creative, the intuitive, sometimes the inspired, level of translation; Lastly, a matter of taste, where argument ceases, preferences are expressed, and the variety of meritorious translation is the reflection of individual differences.

翻译步骤 词－语－句－群－段－篇－裁 读－解－转－组－顺－润－查

It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.

However little known the feeling or the view of such a man may be on his first entering a neighborhood, this truth is so well fixed in the minds of the surrounding families, that he is considered as the rightful property of some one or other of their daughters.

We can never go back again, that much is certain. The past is still too close to us. The things we have tried to forget and put behind us would stir again, and that sense of fear, of furtive unrest, struggling at length to blind unreasoning panic—now mercifully stilled, thank God—might in some manner unforeseen become a living companion, as it had been before. He is wonderfully patient and never complains, not even when he remembers…which happens, I think, rather more often than he would have me know.

All of my memories were not confined to the apartment building: however, I have memories of many adventures outside of the building, also. My mother restricted how far we could go from the apartment building, but this placed no restrictions on our exploring instinct. There was a small branch in the back of the building where my friends and I would play. We enjoyed it there because honeysuckles grew there. We would go there to lie in the shade and suck the sweet-smelling honeysuckles. Our bigger thrill in the branch was the day the police caught an alligator there. I did not see the alligator and I was not there when they caught it, but just the thought of an alligator in the branch was exciting.

To most people the term technology conjures up images ( 繁简 )of smoky steel mills or noisy machines. Perhaps the classic representation of technology is still the assembly line created by Henry Ford half a century ago and made into a social symbol by Charlie Chaplin in Modern Times. This symbol, however, has always been inadequate and misleading, for technology has always been more than factories and machines. The invention of the horse collar in the middle ages led to major changes in agricultural methods and was as much a technological advance as the invention of the Bessemer furnace centuries later. Moreover, technology includes techniques, or ways to do things, as well as the machines that may or may not be necessary to apply them. It includes ways to make chemical reactions occur, ways to breed fish, plant forest, light theaters, count votes or teach history.

As a boy and then as an adult, I never lost my wonder at the personality that was Einstein. He was the only person I knew who had come to terms with himself and the world around him. He knew what he wanted and he wanted only this: to understand within his limits as a human being the nature of the universe and the logic and simplicity in its functioning. He knew there were answers beyond his intellectual reach. But this did not frustrate him. He was content to go as far as he could.

In the 23 years of our friendship, I never saw his show jealousy, vanity, bitterness, anger, resentment, or personal ambition. He seemed immune to these emotions. He was beyond any pretension. Although he corresponded with many of the world’s most important people, his stationery carried only a watermark –W—for Woolworth’s.

Of all figures from American’s past, Abraham Lincoln is dearest to the hearts of the American people. In fact, the admiration they have for him borders on worship. Writers note that the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D. C. is not unlike the temples that ancient Greeks built in honor of their gods, and that annual ceremonies of celebrating Lincoln’s birthday in schools and public places have sometimes had characteristics of religious services. Certainly Lincoln is America’s ideal of a great leader. He had many of the qualities of leadership that American admire.

Thus it is not merely true, as frequently noted, that 90% of all the scientists who ever lived are now alive, and that new scientific discoveries are being made every day. These new ideas are put to work much more quickly that ever before. The time between the first and second stages of the cycle—between idea and application—has been radically reduced. This is a striking difference between ourselves and our ancestors. It is not that we are more eager or less lazy than our ancestors, but we have, with the passage of time, invented all sorts of social devices to hasten the process.

Dreams have always held a universal fascination. Some primitive societies believe that the soul leaves the body and visits the scene of the dream. Generally, however, dreams are accepted to be illusions, having much in common with daydreams—the fantasies of our waking life. When dreaming, however, one tends to believe fully in the reality of the dream world, however inconsistent, illogical and odd it may be.

Superstitions and magical practices thrive on the supposed power of dreams to foretell the future. Instances of dreams which have later turned out to be predicting have often been recorded, some by men of the highest intellectual integrity. Although it is better to keep an open mind on the subject, it is true that the power of dreams to predict the future events still remains unproved.

Fish ponds were common in Medieval gardens, but the architectural character of this one introduces us in a preliminary and rudimentary way to what would become one of the chief means of Italian Renaissance garden expression: the use of water as an important design element. Water was employed with great imagination in subsequent sixteen-century Italian gardens, appearing in fountains, pools, water staircases, water parterres, and giocchi d’acqua, or droll water games that involved the spectator physically by providing surprise drenchings from concealed jets suddenly activated. Water in these gardens was a means of providing mesmerizing reflectivity, movement, and excitement. It was meant to connote evanescence, insubstantiality, and temporality, while implying the agrarian bounty achieved when humans harness this vital force of nature

In desert lands, the oasis is typically viewed as a kind of paradise, a respite from the parched land and withering sun. Through conquest and a tolerate religion, the nation of Islam spread westward across North Africa to southern Spain and eastward into Central Asia and India, a territory composed principally of vast dry zones with extremes of heat and cold within which scattered green oases furnished a most precious element, water. In their migrations, Islamic peoples absorbed elements borrowed from other design traditions, which they synthesized into a distinctive style. In desert climates and also where water flowed seasonally, the four heavenly rivers of paradise described in the Quran and the refreshing fountains, as well as the shade and fruit trees to be found there, provided apt symbols for paradise in the oasislike Islamic garden.

Conclusion--words 名词—动词 , 形容词 , 副词 介词短语—动词短语 形容词—副词 , 状语成分 动词—位置转换 副词—保留 , 状语成分 代词—凸现原意 , 保留 情态动词－保留，适当转换 过去分词－副词，状语 转有名词—明确所指 ,

Set phrases and expressions 现在／过去分词短语－状语／句子 介词短语－动词词组，句子表达动作 泛／虚指－相应表达 比喻／隐语＼喻－保留／引申 虚化词－脱落 主被动转换 范畴词增减

sentences 首尾转换 短句合一 长句分离 插入语移位 正话反说，反话正说 句子之间的连贯 篇章对文章中的模糊词义和句子的作用

翻译 句子结构要明了 恰当单词要找好 文风特点要顾及 上下衔接要周到