tw ncc lte workshop1 © nokia siemens networks lte overview nigel chan (陳銘邦)head of solution...

1 © Nokia Siemens Networks

LTE Overview

Nigel Chan (陳銘邦)Head of Solution Engagement, Network System THM

10 June 2010


Contents

• LTE Market Overview• LTE Standardisation and Architecture• Radio Access Technology• Core Network Technology• LTE-Advance


Our market vision 2015 – the world connected A major opportunity for everyone …

Broadband everywhere

Multitude of business models

Applications predominantly in the Internet

Internet as the heartbeat of a

modern society

5 billion people connected


How to maintain profitable business?

… but there are big challenges ahead of us

• Stagnating voice revenues• Exploding mobile traffic• Significant cost pressure

5 billion people connected


Key challenges for mobile data

• Best price, transparent flat rate• Full Internet • Click-bang responsiveness

• reduce cost per bit• provide high data rate• provide low latency

Source: Light Reading (adapted)

The Users’ expectation… ..leads to the operator’s challenges

Reduction of network cost isnecessary to remain profitable

Devices & applications drive traffic growth

LTE: lower cost per bit and improved end user experience

Voice dominated Data dominated

Traffic

Revenue

Revenues and Trafficdecoupled

Traf

ficvo

lum

e

€/bi

t

Time

Profitability

The challenge


… and a truly E2E LTE solution is needed

Proven managed services,

consulting, and implementation

support

Energy Efficient Multi-Radio BTS

OSS system for multi-technology

management

Mobile backhaul solution for LTE

Subscription management and charging systems

Smooth Evolution from GSM / WCDMA

/ HSPA to LTE

Market leading application platform

for rich value-added services

Flat network architecture

experience for LTE

Internet

End-userterminals

Proven interoperability with

leading terminal providers


• Higher data rates marketing accelerate NW evolution

• HSPA and in future LTE services serving premium customers are source of operator revenue growth

• Maintain optimum servicesfor most demandingcustomer segment

• Revenues and traffic are becoming decoupled by the introduction of flat-rates

• Automation of operational processes for increasedefficiency and lower cost

• Growing awareness of green values in developed markets

• Pressure from non-governmental environmental organizations e.g. WWF

• Operators have both GSM/EDGE and WCDMA/HSPA networks. Smoothest evolution path to LTE required.

• Migration from CDMA to 3GPP technologies is accelerating

How to cater for 100X traffic growth and maintain operator profitability ?

How to ensure investment protection with an unbeatable network evolution ?

Market trends and operator success factorsMarket Trend Operator opportunities/

challenges for success

Gro

wth

in

data

traf

fic

Tota

l C

ost o

f O

wne

r-sh

ipG

reen

va

lues

Tech

nolo

gy

evol

utio

n

How to achieve the greenest network?

LTE

WCDMA, HSPA, HSPA evolution

WiMAX

GSM,EDGE,EDGE evolution

LTE


2010 – LTE is becoming reality

59 LTE network operator commitments in 28 countries

380 million subscribers by 2015Forecast for LTE lead markets by Research and Markets

Up to 22 LTE networks expected to be commercially launched by end 2010(and 37 LTE networks in service by end 2012)


Market Situation: LTE Launches

Current Status on LTE launches:

– TeliaSonera LTE service launch in Stockholm and Oslo on Dec. 14, 2009, as first network in the world.

– TS launching pilots in Finland within 1Q/2010, & Denmark shortly after (license in April 2010)

– Verizon Wireless released some details on LTE plans: launch 25..30 markets in 2010; Double within 15 months. Entire current 3G footprint to be covered by LTE end-of-2013.

– NTT DoCoMo will launch Dec.2010coverage area of TeliaSonera launchDowntown Stockholm area, launch on Dec.14, 2009Initially 100 selected users, from Jan.14 – general access (terminal delivery starts for ordinary people having been on waiting list since launch )


Key architectural concept.Flat and cost effective Mobile Network

Access Core Control

W-CDMA BTSRNC

IMS HLR/HSS

2G BTS BSCMSCMGW

SGSN GGSN

LTE BTS (eNodeB)

MGW

MMESAE-GW

• New air I/F providing higher data throughputs• LTE provides flexibility for spectrum re-farming

and new spectrum• LTE can operate in a number of different

frequency bands

• Simplified, flat network architecture based on IP reduces operators’ cost per bit significantly

• Interworking with legacy systems is an integral part of service continuity

• Re-use of existing equipment as much as possible

Improved flexible radio technology Simpler architecture for reduced OPEX

GSM/EDGE/

UMTS/HSPA

LTE / SAE


Radio technology roadmap – converging to LTE

2007 2008 2009 2010 2020

GSM/EDGEWCDMA/HSPA

CDMA

evolutionevolution

CellularNetworks

LTE

LTE as global cellular mobile-broadband technologySmooth interworking with existing cellular networks

assures service continuity


Answering the challenges

Investment protectionData Growth

Nokia Siemens NetworksLTE Solution

•How to increase operational efficiency?•How to increase resource efficiency?

10% higher staff-efficiency for network operation from NetAct and SON25% less site visits for maintenance and upgrades30-50% lower power consumption – with credibility

One all purpose BTS

Cost awareness

• Best re-use of existing sites?• Easy and efficient site evolution?

SW-based evolution to LTESuperior throughput from LTEShortest time to revenue via smooth upgrade path

• Easy and efficient evolution?• Offer new services when needed?


LTE Standardisation and Architecture


Requirements setup for LTE standardization… and design choices by 3GPP• Packet switched domain optimized

Flat dual node architecture, Node B controlled RRM• One way (radio) delay below 5 ms

Fast scheduling in UL and DL supported (granularity 1 ms)• Ensure good level of mobility and security

Reusing and adapting principles from UMTS• Improve terminal power efficiency

SC-FDMA for UL, advanced DRX/DTX functions• Frequency allocation flexibility

1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20 MHz allocations specified• Performance

– Peak rates uplink/downlink 50/100 Mbps– Higher radio capacity: Depending on the case 3-4 times higher capacity

expected than with Release 6 HSDPA/HSUPA reference case


LTE standardization

• End of 2004 3GPP workshop on UTRAN long term evolution• March 2005 Study item started• December 2005 Multiple access selected• March 2006 Functional split between radio and core agreed• September 2006 Study item closed, work item agreed• December 2007 1st version of radio specs approved• March 2009 Backwards compatibility started (ASN.1 frozen)

Rel-9 started

Rel-10 LTE-A started


LTE TDD and FDD in one specificationWith 2 frame structure options


Trusted Non-3GPP IP Access

Evolved Packet Core (EPC)

2G

ePDGUser planeControl plane

SAE Gateway

Untrusted Non-3GPP IP Access

LTE

SGSN

BSC

RNC

SGSN

Radio Access NetworkOther access networks

eNode-B MME

ServingGW

PDNGW

Non-3GPP

IMS

Services in Packet Data Network

Internet

Operator services

Company intranets

PCRFHSS AAA

3GPP R8 network architecture

3G


Network evolution towards LTE flat architecture

GGSN

RNC

Node-B

HSPA3GPP R6

= control plane= user plane

GGSN

Node-B with RNC

funct.

HSPA3GPP R7

SGSN

LTE R8

GGSN

RNC

Node-B

HSPA3GPP R7

Direct tunnel Internet HSPA

GGSNSAE GW

SGSN DirecttunnelSGSN SGSN/

MME

eNode-B

Directtunnel


LTE/SAE Overview

Only one Network Element in Radio and Core eachFocus is on enhancement of Packet Switched technologyhigh data rates, low latency, packet optimised flat IP systemComprehensive Security

Mobility Concept with tight Integration for 3GPP accessesStreamlined SAE Bearer Model with Network Centric QoS HandlingOn/Offline & Flow Based Charging

Core Switching & TransportAccess

LTE BTS(eNodeB)

MMESAE-GW

HSS/AAA

Core Control

PCRF

PCRF: Policy and Charging Control Function

IMS


3GPP Supported FDD Frequency Bands

12345

789

62x25

2x752x602x60

2x70

2x45

2x352x35

2x10824-849

1710-17851850-19101920-1980

2500-2570

1710-1755

880-9151749.9-1784.9

830-840

Total [MHz] Uplink [MHz]

869-894

1805-18801930-19902110-2170

2620-2690

2110-2155

925-9601844.9-1879.9

875-885

Downlink [MHz]

10 2x60 1710-1770 2110-217011 2x20 1427.9-1447.9 1475.9-1495.9

1800

2600900

US AWS

UMTS coreUS PCS

US 850Japan 800

Japan 1700

Japan 1500Extended AWS

Europe /Asia Japan Americas

788-798 758-768777-787 746-756 US700

2x102x1013

12 2x18 698-716 728-746

14704-716 734-7462x1217

US700

US700

EU800

815-830 860-8752x1518US700

830-845 875-8902x1519832-862 791-8212x3020

Japan new 800Japan new 800

35001447.9-1462.9 1495.9-1510.92x1521

3410-3500 3510-36002x9022Japan 1500 ext


3GPP Supported TDD Frequency Bands

3334353637

3940

3820

601520

40

60

100

501910-1930

1850-19102010-20251900-1920

1880-1920

1930-1990

2300-2400

2570-2620

Total [MHz] Uplink [MHz]

USAUSA

UMTS bandUMTS band

USA2600 mid

Europe AmericasChina / Asia

China/AsiaChina


Functional Split between E-UTRAN and EPC• eNode-B hosts the following functions:

– Radio Resource Management– IP header compression and encryption– Selection of an MME at UE attachment;– Routing of User Plane data towards SAE Gateway;– Scheduling and transmission of paging messages and broadcast information– Measurement and measurement reporting configuration for mobility and scheduling

• MME hosts the following functions:– Distribution of paging messages to the eNBs– Idle state mobility control– Ciphering and integrity protection of NAS

signalling

• SAE Gateway hosts the following functions:– Termination of U-plane packets for paging reasons – Switching of U-plane for support of UE mobility.


Radio Access overview


TDMA FDMA CDMA OFDMA

f f

f

t

f

tcode

s

f

f

t

f

t

f

• Time Division • Frequency Division • Code Division • Frequency Division• Orthogonal subcarriers

Multiple Access Methods

User 1 User 2 User 3 User ..


Downlink - OFDMSubchannels / Tones (each 15 kHz)

time

1 TTI= 1ms

1 PRB (Physical Resource Block) = 12 Subcarriers = 180 kHz

1 PRB = 2 Slots = 2 * 0.5 ms

1.4 MHz = 72 Tones 20 MHz = 1200 TonesUser 1

User 2

User 3

User ..


Uplink – Single Carrier FDMA

SC-FDMA: PRB‘s are grouped to bring down Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR)> better power efficiency at the terminal

1.4 MHz = 72 Tones 20 MHz = 1200 Tones

Subchannels / Tones (each 15 kHz)tim

e

1 TTI= 1ms

1 PRB (Physical Resource Block) = 12 Subcarriers = 180 kHz

1 PRB = 2 Slots = 2 * 0.5 ms

User 1

User 2

User 3

User ..


The Beauties of LTE

Channel only changes amplitude and phase of subcarriers

Fast Link Adaptation

due to channel

behaviour

Short TTI = 1 msTransmission time interval

AdvancedScheduling

Time & Freq.

TX RX

Tx RxMIMO

Channel

DL: OFDMA

UL: SC-FDMA

scalable

ARQAutomatic Repeat

Request

64QAMModulation


LTE Radio principles

• Power efficient uplink increasing battery lifetime• Improved cell edge performance by low peak to average ratio• Reduced Terminal complexity

Uplink:

SC-FDMA

• Enabling peak cell data rates of 173 Mbps DL and 58 Mbps in UL *

• Scalable bandwidth: 1.4 / 3 / 5 / 10 /15 / 20 MHz also allows deployment in lower frequency bands (rural coverage, refarming)

• Short latency: 10 – 20 ms **

• Improved spectral efficiency• Reduced interference• Very well suited for MIMO

Downlink:

OFDMA

* At 20 MHz bandwidth, FDD, 2 Tx, 2 Rx, DL MIMO, PHY layer gross bit rate ** roundtrip ping delay (server near RAN)


Peak data rates will continue to grow…

14 Mbps

0.4 Mbps

14 Mbps

5.7 Mbps

28 Mbps1

11 Mbps

Downlink peak rate

Uplink peak rate

3GPP Rel5 3GPP Rel6 3GPP Rel7 3GPP Rel8

• HSPA downlink data rate increases with 2x2 MIMO or DC-HSPA and 64QAM up to 42 Mbps and uplink data rate with 16QAM up to 11 Mbps• LTE supports data rates of 173 Mbps and 58 Mbps respectively (respective coded rates: approx. 150 and 50 Mbps) for most demanding customer segment

1With 2x2 MIMO and 16QAM2With 2x2 MIMO or DC-HSPA

and 64QAM3 in 20 MHz spectrum allocation

42 Mbps2

11 Mbps

173 Mbps3

58 Mbps3


** LTE values acc. to 3GPP R1-072580 case 1(macro cell, full buffer, 500m ISD)

Comparison of Throughput and Latency

HSPA R6

Max. peak data rate**

Mbp

s

HSPAevo (Rel. 7/8, 2x2 MIMO)

LTE 2x20 MHz (2x2 MIMO

LTE 2x20 MHz (4x4 MIMO

DownlinkUplink

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

Average call throughput (macro cell, 20 MHz**

MH

z/ce

ll

HSPA R6, 4 carriers(5MHz)

HSPAevo Rel8, 4 carriers(5MHz)

LTE (2x2 MIMO), 20 MHz carrier

LTE 4x4 MIMO, 20 MHz carrier

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

DownlinkUplink

* Server near RAN

Latency (Rountrip delay)*

DSL (~20-50 ms, depending on operator)

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

GSM/EDGE

HSPARel6

HSPAevo(Rel8)

LTEmin max

ms

DownlinkUplink

LTEHSPA R6

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

70

Cal

ls/M

Hz/

cell

VoIP capacity


Large step from GSM to UMTS device;Smaller step from UMTS to LTE device

GSM Device UMTS Device

200 kHz bandwidthTDMA / FDMAGMSK modulation / FDDDigital ProcessingVoice / SMS

LTE Device

Bandwidth & frequencywell knownModulation OFDM well known, simpler Rxdesign (FFT)Reuse of protocols(3GPP evolution), display, power conceptsSimplification of QoS parameter set for UeReady for high datarate applications

High effort bandwidth 5MHz at frequencies up to 2.1GHzHigh effort modulationCDMA / Rake ReceiverHigh effort protocolsRLC / RRM / MAC / IPHigh effort Digital ProcessingHigh effort displaydevelopmentHigh effort talk/standbypower consumptionMultimedia starts

From coverage to capacity


LTE UE support Peak data rates above 100 Mbps

• All categories support 20 MHz• 64QAM mandatory in downlink, but not in uplink (except Class 5)• 2x2 MIMO in other classes except Class 1

Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4 Class 5

10/5 Mbps 50/25 Mbps 100/50 Mbps 150/50 Mbps 300/75 MbpsPeak rate DL/UL

20 MHzRF bandwidth 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz

64QAMModulation DL 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM

16QAM2Modulation UL 16QAM2 64QAM 16QAM2 16QAM2

Yes1Rx diversity Yes YesYes Yes

1-4 txBTS tx diversity

OptionalMIMO DL 2x2 4x42x2 2x2

1-4 tx 1-4 tx 1-4 tx 1-4 tx

1Performance requirements are based on 2-rx, but 2-rx is not mandated directly2No 64QAM


Upgrade Concepts 3G to LTE

• Focus on investment protection • re-use of site installations

• Antenna, Feeder in spectrum re-farming scenarios• Backhaul sharing between LTE and 2G/3G

• NSN installed base: adding LTE, reuse of 3G base stationwith Flexi BS deployed: Rel2.1 System and RF Module are LTE ready

• In other cases: adding LTE Flexi BS in existing footprint

LTEadd-on

3G/CDMA

LTE

BTS/NodeB

Existing RNC (for CS)

and Core CDMA

3G

Other BTSs

LTE

Existing RNC (for CS)

and Core


Migration Scenario: W-CDMA BTS LTE

Migration

FeederCable

TowerMountedAmplifier

AntennaPanel

BTS

Option 1

2.1GHz or multiband

1.7-2.7GHz antenna

BTS

Flexi RF Module

Flexi System

Combining

Option 2

2.1GHz or multiband

1.7-2.7GHz antenna

BTS

Combining

Flexi RF Module

Flexi System

Option 3

FeederCable

Tower MountedAmplifier

AntennaPanel

Remote RadioHead or

RF-module (feederless site)

AntennaPanel

BTS

Flexi System


Core Technology overview


Core Technology Overview

Mobility Management Entity• C-Plane Part of aGW• Session & Mobility management• Idle mode mobility management• Paging• AAA ProxyServing Gateway• User plane anchor for mobility between the

2G/3G access system and the LTE access system.

• Lawful InterceptionPacket Data Network Gateway • Gateway towards Internet/Intranets• User plane anchor for mobility between 3GPP

and non-3GPP access systems (HA).• Charging Support• Policy and Charging Enforcement (PCEF) *)• Packet Filtering• Lawful Interception

HLR/HSS(AAA)

PCRF

SAE-GW: System Architecture Evolution Gateway= S-GW+PDN-GW*) PCRF: Policy and Charging Rules Function communicates with PCEF: Policy and Charging Enforcement Function within PDN SAE GW

Access Gateway decomposition

PDN GW

MME

Serving GW

PDN

IMS

PCEF

SAE-GW


Mobility

HLR/HSS(AAA)

IMSOperator Servicesx

DNS: Domain Name Server GTP: GPRS Tunnel Protocol MIP: Mobile IP SGSN*: upgraded 2G/3G SGSN ( LTE capable)

UE IdentifierGlobal IP Address

MME

Serving GW

DNS

SGSN*BTS/NB

RNC/BSC

eNode B

I-WLANCDMA2000WiMAX……

PDN GW (HA)

ePDG for I-WLANPDSN for CDMA2000ASN-GW for WiMAX

…….

Service LayerAccess IndependentGlobal Mobility

Access Specific Local Mobility

UE Global IP PoA

UE 3GPP IP PoA

BS

GTP

GTP

MIP

Internet / Corporate Services

GTP

(FA)


Quality of Service in LTE

• Substantially optimized bearer handling compared to 3G networks• Reduced QoS parameter set for reduced implementation complexity compared to 3G• Network centric QoS scheme reduces the complexity of terminal implementations

3G QoS relies on QoS aware terminals - terminal requests QoS level that is appropriate for the application:

• Residual BER• SDU error ratio• Delivery of erroneous SDUs• Maximum SDU size• Delivery order• Transfer delay• ARP• Traffic class• THP• Maximum bitrate UL/DL• GBR (EL/DL)

LTE applies Network Centric QoS with a reduced set of parameters:

• Label• Bearer type (Guaranteed or non-

guaranteed Bit Rate)• Packet Delay• Packet Loss

• Guaranteed Bit Rate (uplink/downlink)• Maximum Bit Rate (uplink/downlink)• Allocation/Retention Priority (connection

setup priority among subscribers when the network is congested)


Potential voice evolution steps in LTE

1. LTE used for high speed packet data access only– Operator voice service provided over CS network

2. Fallback to CS voice– LTE network is used for data only– Terminal is simultaneously registered to both LTE and 2G/3G CS network– Voice calls are initiated and received over CS network

3. Single radio Voice Call Continuity (VCC)– Operator provides VoIP over LTE– IMS acts as control machinery– Voice calls can be handed over to CS network

4. All-IP network– Operator provides VoIP over LTE– IMS acts as control machinery– Voice calls can be handed over to other packet switched networks


Single Radio Voice Call Continuity (SRVCC)LTE primary VoIP service provided via IMS/NVS

All-IP network

LTE voice evolution

Fallback to CS when voice needed

Internet

3G HSPAnetwork

LTE radionetwork

SAE GWOperator

IP network

IMSLTE PS/VoIPcapable MME

SGSN/GGSN

O perator V oIP control machineryVoIP

VoIP

LTE used for high speed packet data access onlyVoice service provided over CS network

Internet

2G/3G radionetwork

LTE radionetwork

MME

SAE GWLaptop with

LTE data card

2G/3Gterminal

MSC Server System

CS voice

Data

OperatorIP network

Internet

2G/3G CSnetwork

LTE radionetwork

MME

SAE GWLTE ps with

capable

MSC Server System

CS voice

Data

OperatorIP network

SGs

OperatorIP network

Internet

2G/3G CSnetwork

LTE radionetwork

SAE GW

SV

IMS/NVS

LTE PS/VoIPcapable MME

MSC Server System

IMS centralized control of VoIP and CS voice services

CS voice

VoIP

OperatorIP network

Internet

2G/3G CSnetwork

LTE radionetwork

SAE GW

SV

IMS/NVS

LTE PS/VoIPcapable MME

MSC Server System

IMS centralized control of VoIP and CS voice services

CS voice

VoIP


LTE- Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10)


LTE for IMT-Advanced

Bandwidth Extension

MIMO

Cooperative Systems

Relaying

8x 4x

100 MHz

Smooth migration from LTE to LTE-A

Backward compatible to LTE

Mobility


LTE introduction

1st worldwide trialsBerlin, Nov. 2007

Upcoming key technologies

BandwidthExtension

Relaying

MIMO8x4x

IMT-A / LTE-A

Backwards compatibilityLTE

Smooth evolution

IMT-A

LTE-Advanced - (3GPP Rel. 10) A technology candidate for IMT-advanced

Global platform for the next

generations of mobile services

Cooperative Systems


LTE introduction



Relaying

MIMO8x4x

IMT-A / LTE-A


Smooth evolution

IMT-A

Bandwidth Extension



Cooperative Systems

up to 100 MHz

Flexible component carrier aggregation different frequency bandsasymmetric in UL/DL

20 MHz

Component Carrier (LTE rel. 8 Carrier)

Aggregated BW: 30MHz

10 MHz

20 MHz

Aggregated BW: 5x20MHz = 100MHz

20 MHz20 MHz20 MHz20 MHz

BandwidthExtension


LTE introduction



BandwidthExtension

Relaying

IMT-A / LTE-A


Smooth evolution

IMT-A



Cooperative Systems

MIMO8x

4x

MIMO Extension


LTE introduction



BandwidthExtension

Relaying

MIMO8x4x

IMT-A / LTE-A


Smooth evolution

IMT-A



Cooperative Systems

Cooperation of antennas of multiple sectors / sitesInterference free by coordinated transmission / reception Highest performance potential

Service Area

Cooperative Systems


LTE introduction



BandwidthExtension

MIMO

IMT-A / LTE-A


Smooth evolution

IMT-A

International Mobile Telecommunications –Advanced



Cooperative Systems

Relaying

IMT-A / LTE-A

TR TR 36.91336.913

Fast deploymentCoverage with lowinfrastructure costs

8x4x


Thank You

tw ncc lte workshop1 © nokia siemens networks lte overview nigel chan (陳銘邦)head of solution...

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