Unit 4 Unit 4

Language PointsLanguage Points

Words cannot describe the beauty of the scene.

Describe to your partner what might happen to all the things in the photos.

He described himself as a doctor.

1. describe vt. 1) 描述 , 形容； 2) 把…称为The beauty of the scene is beyond description.

Imagine your home begins to shake and you must leave it right away. 2. shake n. & v. 颤抖；震动；动摇 (shook; shaken)

shake with laughter / anger / fear …

Please shake the bottle before drinking.没有什么能动摇我们克服困难的决心。Nothing can shake our determination to overcome the difficulty.

shake one’s head 摇头shake hands with sb.

与…握手shake sb.’s hand

shake sb. by the hand

=right now=at once=immediately

Strange things were happening in the countryside in northeast Hebei.

I am beginning to understand you.The little girl is jumping again and again on the bed.

3. 进行时态：表示动作的“重复性、习惯性和渐进性” 、和频率副词 always, constantly, forever, all the time 等连用，表示“赞扬、惊奇、厌恶”等感情色彩

John is always coming late.• 叶子在逐渐地变黄。• The leaves are turning (growing) yellow.• 他总是乱丢东西。• He is always throwing things about.

For three days the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell. 4. rise n. 增加，提高，上涨，上升There is a sharp rise in the number of people out of work.ask for a riseThe rise and fall of the British Empire give rise to sth = cause sth = lead to 引起 ; 使发生The earthquake gave rise to great damage.

rise (rose, risen, rising) vi.

1. The sun rises in the east.

2. She usually rises early in the morning.

3. The cost of living continues to rise.

4. He rose from the table to welcome us.

5. His anger rose.

上升，升起起床

上涨，增长站起身来

rise to one’s feet = stand up

( 某种情绪 ) 高涨 [ 越来越厉害 ] ，( 声音等 ) 变大

The rising sun

Sunrise and sunset

5. raise vt. (raised, raised, raising) 举起，升起；提高，提升；提出；招募，筹集；培养，饲养，种植1. So he raised his glass and cried: “Your health, Carl.”2. The soldiers raised a red flag.3. She raised her voice.4. May I raise the question of a new football, before you

close the meeting?5. We’re trying to raise funds for the Red Cross.6. The farmer raises cows and corn.

1. The price of tomatoes has _____ recently.2. The price of the tomatoes has been _______ recently.3. They were both _______ in the South.4. The child ______ from the ground. 5. The government decided to take some measures to

______ the living standard of the people.

rise vs. raiserisen

raised

raised

rose

raise

In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.

Hearing the frightening news, he was too frightened to speak.6. too … to … 太…以至于不能 （表否定）

too … to … 结构之前带有 only 时，译作“非常…”、“十分…”One is never too old to learn.

He is only too glad to do so. 他非常喜欢这样做。

活到老，学到老。

cannot / can never … too… 再…也不过分；越…越好You cannot be too careful when driving on the road.cannot / can never … moreI can’t agree with you more.

It seemed as if the world was at an end.• 在 20 世纪末 在街道的尽头 • at the end of the 20th century at the end of the street• 最终；最后• in the end; at last; finally; eventually• 比赛结束了，终结了。• The match came to an end / was at an end.• 使游戏终结。• Put the game to an end.• end up （以…）告终• The dinner started with soup and ended up with fruit. • The criminal ended up in prison. • He ended up as a prisoner.

In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.8. ruin n. 毁灭，毁坏 ；

表废墟，遗迹时，用复数形式The ruins of Romein ruins 一片废墟，落空

The houses across the street were / lay in ruins.

vt. 毁灭，毁掉The storm ruined the crops.

大雨天摧毁了我的美好周末。The rainy day ruined the nice weekend.

hurt vt. 没 injure 正式，可指肉体或精神上的伤害； vi. 疼痛wound 指打伤、刀伤等外伤 ( 战场上 )injure 指由于意外或事故而受伤

Two-thirds of the people died or were injured during the earthquake.

9. injure vt. 使受伤；损害，伤害 ( 名誉，自尊 ) The boy injured his leg. to injure a man's pride / reputationThere were two tourists injured in the car accident.injury n. 伤口；伤害1. His words _____________ her feelings.2. It ______ the eyes to read in the sun. 3. Many people were _________in the accident.4. The soldiers were __________ in the battle.5. His leg _______, so he went to see a doctor.

hurt / injuredhurts

injuredwounded

hurt

Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins. 10. rescue vt./ n 援救，营救士兵在即将倒塌的房子中救出了那位老太。The soldier rescued the old lady from the falling house.come / go to one’s rescue 来 [ 去 ] 援救某人 11. trap n. 陷阱；圈套，诡计vt. (trapped, trapped) 陷入困境；捕获；使陷入圈套，They were trapped in the burning hotel. 他们被困在发生火灾的旅馆里 .

12.All hope was not lost. all … not … = not all 表示部分否定并不是所有的男孩都走了。Not all the boys left. = All the boys didn’t leave. 表示全部肯定： all, both, everyone, everybody, everything 以及every + n.表示全部否定： neither, none, no one, nobody, nothing, not … any 以及 no + n.

The army organized teams to dig out those who are trapped and to bury the dead.13. bury vt. 埋葬 , 掩 ( 藏 )专心致志 ( 于某事 ) bury oneself in (doing) sth. be buried in thought // be lost in thoughtHe was buried with his wife. She buried her face in her hands and wept. In the evening, he buried himself in his books.

Workers built shelters for survivors …14. shelter n. [U] 遮蔽，避难，避雨We took shelter from the storm in a broken temple.

[C] 避难处，收容所There is an animal shelter in the center of the city.

v. 保护，遮蔽 shelter sb. / sth. from sb. /sth.

The wall sheltered the soldiers from gunfire.

15. Congratulations! 恭喜 通常用复数形式• congratulations to sb. on sth.• congratulate v.• congratulate sb (on sth.)• 祝贺你们生意上的巨大成功。• Congratulate you on the complete success of the busi

ness.• Congratulations to you on the complete success.

16. judge n. 裁判，法官 v. 判断，判决，断定• judging from / by … 根据…来判断• We can not judge a person by his appearance / looks.• Judging from / by his accent, he may be from America.

… to honour those who died in the terrible disaster.

17. honour v. 向某人致敬 / 给某人以荣誉in honour of sb / sth 向…表示敬意，纪念…

They held a ceremony in honour of the soldiers killed in battle.

I was honoured to have been invited to the party.

have the honour of sth. / of doing sth. 有幸做某事May I have the honour of having a drink with you?

be / feel honoured to do sth. 做某事感到荣幸

It is a great honour to be invited to the party.n. 光荣，荣幸

People were shocked. 18. shock vt. 使某人吃惊，使愤慨

We were shocked that he was dead.

我们对他的死感到很震惊。

shock n. [C] 打击；震惊 [U] 休克

We were shocked at his death.

We were shocked to hear that he was dead.

His wife’s death was a terrible shock to him.

Thousands of families were killed and many children were left without parents.

19. leave 表示“使…处于某种状态”

His parents died, leaving him an orphan.

She left her baby crying.

I went to bed leaving my homework unfinished.

leave + 宾语 + 宾补 ( 名词 / 形容词 / 分词 /介词短语等 )Don’t leave the door open.

Leave the balls on the ground.

The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.

He sent his son to join the army as soon as he reached 18.

Your letter of August 24 only reached me today.

We’ve got to reach an agreement about this question.

The boy wasn’t tall enough to reach the branches.

The park reaches as far as the river.

达到 ( 指某种数目 )

抵达，传到达成 (协议 ) ；得出 ( 结论 )

伸手够到 ( 某物 )vi. 延伸 = extend

20. reach

beyond/out of/within (one's) reach 手不能及手不能及 [[伸手可伸手可及 及

Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed.21. everywhere = wherever = no matter where在这里做连词用，引导状语从句Everywhere he goes, his dog follows him.everywhere adv. 到处，处处We have looked everywhere for you.

In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.(血管，水管，气球等 )爆破；忽然 ( 发生某动作或情况 )22. burst (burst, burst; bursting) vi. & vt.The balloon burst suddenly.

burst into + n. burst out + doing

突然开始…burst into tears = burst out cryingburst into laughter = burst out laughing