Unit 8

Phrases Related to the Topic

Directions: The topic of this text is “dream”. Please put the following words or phrases into English.

• 1. 噩梦• a nightmare• 2. 白日梦a daydream• 3. 黄粱美梦a fond dream

• 4. 痴心妄想an idle dream

• 5. 一直以来的梦想a long-cherished dream

• 6. 纯朴的梦想• a simple dream7. 长期的梦想a longstanding dream

• 8. 虚无飘渺的梦想• a distant dream

• 9. 做梦have a dream

• 10. 实现某人的梦想achieve / realize one’s dream11. 解梦interpret a dream

Warming-up Questions

• Pair Work

• Do you ever daydream? If so, what do you daydream about?

• Are daydreams a waste of time?

• Can daydreaming ever lead to fame and fortune?

Some Famous Figures

• Henry J. Kaiser: (1882 – 1967) American industrialist

• A brief introduction to Kaiser

• -- being the chairman of the executive committee of the company formed to build Hoover Dam (1931)

• -- establishing the first health maintenance organization (1938)

• -- managing Pacific coast shipyards (during World War II)

• -- being the chairman of Kaiser Industries, an enterprise involving steel, aluminum, and home building (1945~1967)

• Kaiser.mp3

Kaiser, Henry John, (1882 – 1967) was an American industrialist. He organized his first construction company in 1913, soon entered the road-paving business, and by 1930 was a leader in the field. In 1931 he was named chairman of the executive committee of the company formed to build Hoover Dam. He also participated in the construction of Bonneville, Grand Coulee, and Shasta dams and the San Francisco–Oakland Bridge underwater foundations. In 1938, he established the first health maintenance organization, the Kaiser plan, for his shipyard employees; it served more than a million people and became a model for later federal programs. During World War II he managed Pacific coast shipyards that handled a great deal of the wartime shipbuilding for the U. S. government and dramatically increased the speed of ship construction. From 1945 to his death, he served as chairman of Kaiser Industries, an enterprise involving steel, aluminum, and home building.

Florence Nightingale (1820 -1910)

A brief introduction to Nightingale

• -- serving in the Crimean War (1854)• -- being called the “The Lady with the

Lamp”• -- the first woman to be given the Order of

Merit (1907)• -- establishing the Nightingale School and

Home for Nurses in London• -- her book’s becoming the first definitive

textbook for the nursing field• Florence Nightingale.mp3

Thomas Edison (1847 – 1931)

A brief introduction to EdisonThomas Edison was one of the greatest inventors

and industrial leaders in history. Among his nearly 1, 100 patents — the most ever issued to one person — are the phonograph, which became the first practical method of recording and playing the back sounds, a motion picture camera and projector, and the incandescent lamp — an inexpensive and safe source of light for everyday use in homes. Among Edison’s greatest achievements was the development of one of the first research laboratories. Here in Menlo Park and West Orange, New Jersey, Edison and his assistants developed thousands of inventions.

Some quotations from Edison

• Genius is one percent inspiration, ninety-nine percent perspiration.

• What a man’s mind can create, man’s character can control.

• There is no substitute for hard work.

About Dream

1. Definitions of dream

• 1) sequence of scenes or feelings occurring in the mind during sleep

• 2) state of mind in which things happening around seem unreal

• 3) a wish to do or have something

• Read and appreciate “DREAMS” written by Langston Hughes, then explain the meaning of the word “dream” in this poem.

• Hold fast to dreams• For if dreams die• Life is a broken-winged bird• That cannot fly• Hold fast to dreams• For when dreams go• Life is a barren field• Frozen with snowIn this poem “dream” refers to a wish to do or have

something.

Freud and his theories about dream• --- He was an Austrian physician who

revolutionized ideas on how the human mind works.

• --- He established the theory that unconscious motives control a lot of behavior.

• --- His work has helped millions of patients who are mentally ill.

• --- His theories have brought new approaches in child rearing, education, and sociology and have provided new themes for many authors and artists.

• --- Most people in Western society view human behavior at least partially in Freudian terms.

Main idea of his interpretation of night dreams:

• 1) Dreams express the subconscious mind.• 2) Dreams are absurd because our

conscious mind won’t acknowledge our subconscious ideas thus disguises them.

• 3) In our dreams, we return to the modes of thinking of childhood. Our thinking becomes concrete, pictorial and illogical, and expresses ideas and wishes we are no longer conscious of.

1. What do you think is the meaning of the word “daydream”?

Daydream is a pleasant dreamlike set of thoughts during waking hours, often drawing attention away from present surroundings.

2. Is daydreaming a good thing or a bad thing? Why?

Listen to the following passage and write down every word you hear.

We often hear parents scold their children or teachers criticize their students for daydreaming. People usually take a hostile attitude towards daydreaming because they think daydreaming is a waste of time and an escape from real life. Well, daydreaming may sometimes be a waste of time or an escape, but daydreaming can also do us a lot of good.

Global Reading

• Part1 (1~3)Attitudes towards daydreaming are

changing.• Part2(4~5)Daydreaming is as important as nighttime

dreams to mental health. Experiments show that it has a lot of benefits.

• Part3(6~7)Daydreaming is useful in shaping our future

lives.

• Part4(8~9)the reason why a mental vision of success

would help to produce real success

• Part5(10~12)the procedures or the steps of how to

daydream

• Part6(13~14)Daydream a little each day but not be too

dependent on it.

Scanning

Scan the whole text and then find the following people’s professions in the text.

Scanning

Directions: Scan the whole text and then find the following people’s professions in the text.

Name

researcher

Profession

Dr. Joan T. FreybergindustrialistHenry J. Kaisernurse F. Nightingale

Thomas EdisonHarry Emerson FosdickJohn UelseDr. Maxwell Malts

inventorresearcherathletesurgeon & author

Questions and Answers

1. How was daydreaming generally looked upon until recently?

It was generally looked upon as a waste of time and an unhealthy escape from real life and its duties.

• 2. What used to be the common attitude towards night dreaming?

Night dreaming interfered with our needed rest.

• 3. What happens if a person is not allowed to dream in his sleep?

He becomes tense and anxious. He becomes irritable. He has trouble concentrating and his mental health is temporarily damaged. In short, he can’t get the benefits of rest.

4. What’s the common advantage of both daydreaming and night dreaming?

They are both important to mental health.

5. In what way were Henry J. Kaiser, Florence Nightingale and Thomas Edison alike?

Their successes were due to the positive use of daydreaming.

6. What difference can daydreaming make if combined with hard work?

It could be the difference between becoming merely good at something and becoming a champion.

Directions: Scan this part and find out the benefits of daydreaming.

1. being a good means of relaxation2. being important to mental health3. contributing to intellectual growth4. improving concentration, attention span, and the

ability to get along with others5. leading children to paying more attention to

details6. making children feel happier and work together

better7. producing improved self-control and creative

abilities8. being useful in shaping our future lives as we

want them to be

• Directions: Scan this part to find out the procedure of creative daydreaming.

a. Choose a time when you can be alone and undisturbed;

b. Close your eyes;c. Let your imagination soar freely;d. Picture yourself as vividly as possible the

way you want to be;e. Picture your desired goals as if you had

already attained them;f. Go over all the details of this picture;g. See them clearly and sharply;h. Impress them strongly on your memory.

Detailed Reading• amount to: 1) develop intoHe is lazy when he should study hard. I’m af

raid he will amount to nothing.2) if figures, sums, etc. amount to a particul

ar total, they equal that total when they are added together

The number of books in the reference room amounts to 3,000.

His yearly income amounts to a five-figure sum.

3) if an attitude, remark, situation, etc. amounts to sth., it has the same effect; be equal to

His suggestion amounts to saying that there is still room for improvement in the work.

他的建议等于是说工作还有改进的余地。Her words amount to refusal.

interfere with: interrupt; hinder, affectI hope that this misunderstanding will not int

erfere with our friendship.Don’t allow pleasure to interfere with duty.

benefit: n. an advantage, improvement, or help that you get from sth.

I’ve had the benefit of a good education.

• benefit, advantage & profit 这三个名词均有“利益、好处”之意。

benefit 普通用词，指通过正当手段从物质或精神方面得到的任何好处或利益

advantage 指因某方面占优势或利用某机会以及对方弱点而获得利益与好处。

profit 着重收益，尤指从物质、钱财等方面获得的利益。

1 My trip to the south was of much _____ to my health.

2 I thought I’d take ______ of the sports facilities while I’m here.

3 But what’s the ________ of using nuclear power?

4 A change in the law would be to everyone’s ________ .

5 The ________ in this business are not large.

benefit

advantage

advantage

benefit

profits

derive / get benefit from

• 从……中获益hurt sb. for one’s own benefit损人利己• mutual benefit互利unemployment benefit

• 失业津贴

means: n. a way of doing or achieving sth.

• by means of用，依靠；通过……的方法by no means决不by all means想尽一切办法by any means无论如何live within (beyond) one’s means量入为出 / 不量入为出

• contribute to:

• 1) help to make sth. happenPlenty of fresh air contributes to good health.Smoking certainly contributed to his early de

ath.你的及时帮助大大有助于我们的成功。Your timely help contributed greatly to our s

uccess.

2) give money, help, ideas, etc. to sth. that a lot of other people are also involved in

Everyone contributed to / towards Jane’s present when she left office.

Her family have contributed $50, 000 to the fund.

span:1. n. a period of time between two dates or

events He has a short attention / concentration

span.2. v. include all of a period of time; if a

bridge spans an area of water, especially a river, it goes from one side to the other

Her acting career spanned almost six decades.

The river Thames is spanned by many bridges.

a life span寿命• a memory span

• 记忆力持续时间in a span在一段时间中an attention span注意力持续集中的时间

drift: v.1) (fig.) move, change, or do sth. without an

y plan or purposeThe talk drifted aimlessly from one subject to

another.Some people have a purpose in life while ot

hers just drift.2) if snow, sand, etc. drifts, the wind blows it

into large piles; move slowly on water or in the air

Smoke drifted from the chimney of the huts in the village.

The boat drifted down the river.

go about: start working on, doTo learn English well is no easy matter. We

must go about it earnestly.如果你采用正确的方法做，这是一件容易的

事儿。It’s an easy job if you go about it in the right

way.

substitute:

• 1. n. a person or thing acting in place of another

Tofu can be used as a meat substitute in vegetarian recipes.

Plastic can be a substitute for wood.2. v. take the place of another; use sth. new

or different instead of sth. elseCan you substitute for me at the meeting?We must substitute a new chair for the broke

n one.

• substitute & replace

• 这两个动词均含“替代、取代”之意。• substitute 指某人因故不在时，由别人代

理其职，有时也可指由一物去代替另一物。• replace 最普通用词，指任何形式的替代，

尤指以新的替代旧的、老的 和坏的等，指人指物都可以。

• 1. 科学研究2. 精神健康3. 实现既定的目标4. 永远不会有出息• 5. 被看作……• 6. 浪费时间7. 以一种新的见解看待……8. 干扰9. 是……的一种好方法10. ……超乎 之外

11. 进行实验• 12. 有助于• 13. 智力的发展• 14. 归功于……15. 有名的成功者16. 在（某人的）心目中• 17. 越过横杠18. 区别……与……之间的不同19. 对……有影响• 20. 目标的实现

11. 进行实验12. 有助于13. 智力的发展14. 归功于……15. 有名的成功者16. 在（某人的）心目中

• scientific research

• mental healthachieve one’s desired goalnever amount to anythingbe viewed as…

• a waste of time

• take a fresh look at…interfere witha good means of…go beyond…

conduct experiments

• contribute tointellectual growthbe due to…

• notable achievers

• in one’s mind’s eyes

• clear the bartell the difference between…

• have effect on…the attainment of one’s goal

• be after…

• in combination with…make a critical differenceset aside … for…physical and mental well-being

• Even in the recent past, parents thought that daydreaming their children’s education, so people often had a attitude towards it. But researchers now see some , in this once unhealthy practice. For example, one of the benefits of daydreaming is that it helps one’s mental

and the development of one’s creative abilities. Most important of all, if used , it can become an effective to help your future. Of course, you should not necessary study or work because daydreaming cannot for hard work. relying on daydreaming will not help you your goal.

interfered withhostile

benefitssupposedly

growth contributes to

appropriately meansshape

neglectsubstitute

Merely attain

Homework

• Write a composition about “The Best Age ”in three paragraphs. You are given the topic sentence and the conclusion, and are required to develop its idea in three aspects given below. Your composition should be about 120 words.

The Best Age

• Each age has its pleasure and its pains.

• 1) Childhood

• 2) Youth

• 3) Old ageSo the happiest person is the one who enjoy

s what each age gives him without wasting his time in useless regrets.