unity遊戲程式設計(15) 實作space shooter遊戲

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Unity遊戲程式設計(15) Space shooter遊戲

吳錫修

June 12, 2017

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Space Shooter tutorial套件

2 Wu, ShyiShiou Dept. of E.E., NKUT

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https://unity3d.com/learn/tutorials/projects/space-shooter-tutorial

線上教學影片


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新增3D專案

選單命令File> New Project…

專案名稱Space shooter

儲存預設場景

Main.unity

滙入Space Shooter tutorial.unitypackage

選單命令Assets> Import Package> Custom Package…

專案設定 1/2


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設定場景大小

選單命令File> Build Settings…

點擊Player Settings

取消勾選Default Is Full Screen*

Default Screen Width: 600

Default Screen Height: 900

專案設定 2/2


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拖曳Models/vehicle_playerShip到Hiearchy面板

重新命名：Player

重置Transform參數值

設定Player戰機為剛體物件

選單命令Component> Physics> Rigidbody

取消勾選Use Gravity以符合外太空無重力環境

建立玩家戰機物件 1/2


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在Player戰機上加上網格碰撞器

選單命令Component> Physics> Mesh Collider

勾選Convex

勾選Is Trigger

簡化網格，拖曳Models/player_ship_collider到Mesh欄

設定Player戰機引擎噴射效果

拖曳Prefabs\VFX\Engines\engines_player預製物件做為Player子物件

建立玩家戰機物件 2/2


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重置Main Camera之Transform參數值

使Main Camera朝下

Rotation (X, Y, Z) = (90, 0, 0)

使Main Camera移動Player戰機到上方

Position (X, Y, Z) = (0, 10, 0)

將Main Camera投影方式設定為正交投影

Projection = Orthographic

Size = 10

調整Player戰機在畫面初始顯示位置

Main Camera Position (X, Y, Z) = (0, 10, 5)

攝影機設定 1/2


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設定Main Camera鏡頭底色

Clear Flags = Solid Color

Background = black

攝影機設定 2/2


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刪除Directional Light

取消環境光

選單命令Window> Lighting> Settings開啟Lighting面板

Skybox Material = none

Ambient Color = black

光照設定 1/3


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建立主光源

選單命令GameObject> Light> Directional Light，更名為Main Light

重置Position

調整光線角度，Rotation (X, Y, Z) = (20, -115, 0)

建立補光

選單命令Edit> Duplicate (Ctrl-D)複製⼀份Main Light，更名為Fill Light

重置Rotation

調整補光強度，Intensity = 0.5

調整補光角度，Rotation (X, Y, Z) = (5, 125, 0)

調整補光顏色，Color (R, G, B) = (128, 192, 192)

光照設定 2/3


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建立邊緣反射光

複製Fill Light，更名為Rim Light

重置Transform

調整邊緣反射光顏色，Color = white

調整邊緣反射光角度，Rotation (X, Y, Z) = (-15, 65, 0)

調整邊緣反射光強度，Intensity = 0.25

管理光源物件

選單命令GameObject> Create Empty，更名為Lighting

重置Transform

Position (X, Y, Z) = (0, 100, 0)

將Main Light、Fill Light及Rim Light拖曳到Lighting下做為子物件

光照設定 3/3


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選單命令GameObject> 3D Object> Quad，新增Quad做為背景物件，更名為Background

重置Transform屬性值

使Background物件面向Main Camera

Rotation (X, Y, Z) = (90, 0, 0)

調整Background物件大小，使其可以填滿整個遊戲畫面

Scale (X, Y, Z) = (15, 30, 0)

設定背景材質

拖曳Materials\tile_nebula_green_diff到Background上

設定遊戲背景 1/2


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移除Mesh Collider

將材質Shader欄變更為Unlit/Texture

調整Background物件位置到Player戰機下方

Position (X, Y, Z) = (0, -10, 0)

設定遊戲背景 2/2


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在Player物件加上PlayerController程式腳本using System.Collections;using System.Collections.Generic;using UnityEngine;

public class PlayerController : MonoBehaviour {

void FixedUpdate (){

Rigidbody rigidBody = GetComponent<Rigidbody> ();float moveHorizontal = Input.GetAxis ("Horizontal");float moveVertical = Input.GetAxis ("Vertical");Vector3 movement = new Vector3 (moveHorizontal, 0.0f, moveVertical);rigidBody.velocity = movement;

}}

玩家戰機移動控制 1/5


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執行測試，可使用方向鍵移動Player戰機，但是…

移動速度很慢

在PlayerController程式腳本加入速度參數public class PlayerController : MonoBehaviour {

public float speed;


Rigidbody rigidBody = GetComponent<Rigidbody> ();float moveHorizontal = Input.GetAxis ("Horizontal");float moveVertical = Input.GetAxis ("Vertical");Vector3 movement = new Vector3 (moveHorizontal, 0.0f, moveVertical);rigidBody.velocity = movement * speed;

}}



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將PlayerController之Speed欄設定為10

執行測試，Player戰機移動速度變快了，但是…

Player戰機會跑出螢幕

修改PlayerController程式腳本，限制Player戰機移動範圍

using System.Collections;using System.Collections.Generic;using UnityEngine;

[System.Serializable]public class Player_Boundary{

public float xMin, xMax, zMin, zMax;}



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public class PlayerController : MonoBehaviour {public float speed;public float tilt;public Player_Boundary boundary;


Rigidbody rigidBody = GetComponent<Rigidbody> (); float moveHorizontal = Input.GetAxis ("Horizontal");float moveVertical = Input.GetAxis ("Vertical");Vector3 movement = new Vector3 (moveHorizontal, 0.0f, moveVertical);rigidBody.velocity = movement * speed;rigidBody.position = new Vector3 (

Mathf.Clamp (rigidBody.position.x, boundary.xMin, boundary.xMax),0.0f,Mathf.Clamp (rigidBody.position.z, boundary.zMin, boundary.zMax));

rigidBody.rotation = Quaternion.Euler (0.0f, 0.0f, rigidBody.velocity.x * -tilt);

}}



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設定Player戰機之Boundry值

調整Player戰機Position之X值，測試最左及最右位置值

調整Player戰機Position之Z值，測試上方及下方位置值

執行測試，Player戰機不會跑出場景範圍了



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選單命令GameObject> Create Empty，更名為Bolt


選單命令GameObject> 3D Object> Quad，更名為VFX


使VFX面向Main Camera

Rotation (X, Y, Z) = (90, 0, 0)

移除Mesh Collider元件

拖曳VFX到Bolt下做為子物件

建立玩家戰機子彈 1/4


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選單命令Assets> Create>Material新增材質球，更名為fx_bolt_orange

Shader = Particles/Additive

Particle Texture = fx_lazer_orange_dff

拖曳fx_bolt_orange材質到VFX物件上

Bolt物件加上Rigidbody元件

取消勾選Use Gravity

Bolt物件加上Capsule Collider元件

Direction = Z-Axis

Radius = 0.03，Height = 0.5

勾選Is Trigger



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Bolt物件加上Mover程式腳本using System.Collections;using System.Collections.Generic;using UnityEngine;

public class Mover : MonoBehaviour {public float speed;// Use this for initializationvoid Start () {

GetComponent<Rigidbody>().velocity = transform.forward * speed;}

}



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將Bolt物件拖到Prefabs資料夾做為預製物件

Speed = 20

刪除場景中的Bolt物件

執行測試，將Bolt預製物件拖曳到Hierarchy面板，檢視Game視窗，子彈是否向前飛去



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選單命令GameObject> Create Empty，更名為Shot Spawn

重置Transform

拖曳Shot Spawn成為Player子物件

調整Shot Spawn位置到戰機之前端，Position (X, Y, Z) = (0, 0, 1)

玩家戰機子彈發射控制 1/3


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編輯Player物件之PlayerController程式腳本public class PlayerController : MonoBehaviour {

public float speed;public float tilt;public Player_Boundary boundary;public GameObject shot;public Transform shotSpawn;public float fireRate;private float nextFire;

void Update () {if (Input.GetButton("Fire1") && Time.time > nextFire){

nextFire = Time.time + fireRate;Instantiate(shot, shotSpawn.position, shotSpawn.rotation);

}}

…}



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拖曳Bolt預製物件到Player Controller之Shot欄

拖曳Shot Spawn物件到Player Controller之Shot Spawn欄

將Player Controller之Fire Rate欄值設為0.25

執行測試，按下滑鼠左鍵可發射子彈，但是…

檢視Hierarchy面板，子彈物件會不斷生成，但不會自動銷毀



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選單命令GameObject> 3D Object> Cube，更名為Boundary


勾選Box Collider之Is Trigger

使Boundary物件置中顯示

Position (X, Y, Z) = (0, 0, 5)參照Main Camera之Z座標設定

使Boundary物件涵蓋整個遊戲場景

Scale (X, Y, Z) = (15, 1, 20)

移除Mesh Renderer元件

移除Mesh Filter元件

設定玩家戰機子彈邊界 1/2


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Boundary物件加上DestroyByBoundry程式腳本

using System.Collections;using System.Collections.Generic;using UnityEngine;

public class DestroyByBoundary : MonoBehaviour {

void OnTriggerExit(Collider other){

Destroy(other.gameObject);}

}

測試程式，檢視Hirarchy面板，子彈物件碰到Bundary後會自動銷毀

設定玩家戰機子彈邊界 2/2


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選單命令GameObject> Create Empty，更名為Asteroid

Position (X, Y, Z) = (0, 0, 8)

拖曳Models/prop_asteroid_01到Asteroid物件上

重置prop_asteroid_01物件Transform設定

在Asteroid物件加上Rigidbody元件

取消勾選Use Gravity

在Asteroid物件加上Capsule Collider元件

調整Radius及Height使其符合物件大小

Direction = Z-Axis

Radius = 0.486

Height = 1.524

建立隕石 1/4


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Asteroid物件加上RandomRotator程式腳本

using System.Collections;using System.Collections.Generic;using UnityEngine;public class RandomRotator : MonoBehaviour {

public float tumble;

void Start (){

GetComponent<Rigidbody>().angularVelocity = Random.insideUnitSphere*tumble;}

}

Asteroid物件之Tumble設定為5

執行測試，隕石會自主轉動，但是...

子彈會直接穿過隕石

建立隕石 2/4


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Asteroid物件加上DestroyByContact程式腳本

using System.Collections;using System.Collections.Generic;using UnityEngine;public class DestroyByContact : MonoBehaviour {

void OnTriggerEnter(Collider other){

if (other.tag == "Boundary"){

return;}Destroy(other.gameObject);Destroy(gameObject);

}}

建立隕石 3/4


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將Boundary物件之Tag設定為Boundary

執行測試

子彈碰到隕石時，子彈與隕石都會自動銷毀

建立隕石 4/4


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編輯DestroyByContact程式腳本public class DestroyByContact : MonoBehaviour {

public GameObject explosion;


if (other.tag == "Boundary"){

return;}Instantiate(explosion, transform.position, transform.rotation);Destroy(other.gameObject);Destroy(gameObject);

}}

將Prefabs\VFX\Explosions\explosion_asteroid預製物件拖曳到explosion欄

爆破效果 1/4


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執行測試，子彈碰到隕石時隕石會爆破，但是...

戰機撞到隕石時，隕石會爆破但戰機直接銷毀

將Player物件之Tag設定為Player


public GameObject explosion;public GameObject playerExplosion;

爆破效果 2/4


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...Instantiate(explosion, transform.position, transform.rotation);if (other.tag == "Player"){

Instantiate(playerExplosion,other.transform.position,other.transform.rotation);

}Destroy(other.gameObject);Destroy(gameObject);

}}

將Prefabs\VFX\Explosions\explosion_player預製物件拖曳到playerExplosion欄

爆破效果 3/4


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執行測試，戰機撞到隕石時，隕石與戰機都會爆破

Asteroid物件加上Mover程式腳本

設定Speed為-5

執行測試，隕石會自動向下墜落

將Asteroid物件拖曳到Prefabs資料夾做成預製物件

刪除場景上的Asteroid物件

爆破效果 4/4


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選單命令GameObject> Create Empty，更名為Game Controller

重置Transform

設定Tag為GameController

遊戲控制 1/3


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Game Controller物件加上GameController程式腳本using System.Collections;using System.Collections.Generic;using UnityEngine;public class GameController : MonoBehaviour {

public GameObject hazard;public Vector3 spawnValues;void Start (){

SpawnWaves ();}void SpawnWaves (){

Vector3 spawnPosition = new Vector3 (Random.Range (-spawnValues.x, spawnValues.x),spawnValues.y, spawnValues.z);

Quaternion spawnRotation = Quaternion.identity;Instantiate (hazard, spawnPosition, spawnRotation);

}}

遊戲控制 2/3


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拖曳Asteroid預製物件到Hazard欄

設定SpawnValues(X, Y, Z) = (6, 0, 16)

執行測試，每次執行隕石會由不同位置墜落

遊戲控制 3/3


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編輯GameController程式腳本public class GameController : MonoBehaviour {

public GameObject hazard;public Vector3 spawnValues;public int hazardCount;public float spawnWait;public float startWait;public float waveWait;

void Start (){

StartCoroutine (SpawnWaves ());}

設定隕石群 1/4


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IEnumerator SpawnWaves (){

yield return new WaitForSeconds (startWait);while (true){

for (int i = 0; i < hazardCount; i++){

Vector3 spawnPosition = new Vector3 (Random.Range (-spawnValues.x, spawnValues.x),spawnValues.y,spawnValues.z);

Quaternion spawnRotation = Quaternion.identity;Instantiate (hazard, spawnPosition, spawnRotation);yield return new WaitForSeconds (spawnWait);

}yield return new WaitForSeconds (waveWait);

}}

}

設定隕石群 2/4


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執行測試，隕石會定時自動生成，但是...

擊破隕石時生成的爆破效果物件不會自動銷毀

建立DestroyByTime程式腳本using System.Collections;using System.Collections.Generic;using UnityEngine;

public class DestroyByTime : MonoBehaviour {public float lifetime;void Start (){

Destroy (gameObject, lifetime);}

}

設定隕石群 3/4


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在explosion_asteroid預製物件及explosion_player預製物件加入DestroyByTime程式腳本

Lifetime設定為2

執行測試，隕石會定時自動生成，爆破特效物件也會在2秒後自動銷毀

設定隕石群 4/4


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在explosion_asteroid預製物件加上Audio Source元件

拖曳Audio\explosion_asteroid到explosion_asteroid預製物件之AudioClip欄

勾選Play On Awake

在explosion_player預製物件加上Audio Source元件

拖曳Audio\explosion_player到explosion_player預製物件之AudioClip欄

勾選Play On Awake

在Player物件加上Audio Source元件

拖曳Audio\weapon_player到Player物件之AudioClip欄

取消勾選Play On Awake

Volume設為0.5

加入音效 1/2


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編輯Player物件之Player Controller程式腳本void Update () {

if (Input.GetButton("Fire1") && Time.time > nextFire){

nextFire = Time.time + fireRate;Instantiate(shot, shotSpawn.position, shotSpawn.rotation);GetComponent<AudioSource>().Play();

}}

加入音效 2/2


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在GameController物件加上Audio Source元件

拖曳Audio\music_background到GameController物件之AudioClip欄

勾選Play On Awake

勾選Loop

Volume設為0.5

加入背景音樂


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選單命令GameObject> Create Empty，更名為Score Text

重置Transform

Position (X, Y, Z) = (0, 1, 0)

加入GUI Text元件

Pixel Offset (X, Y) = (10, -10)

編輯GameController程式腳本public class GameController : MonoBehaviour {

...public float waveWait;public GUIText scoreText;private int score;

計算及顯示分數 1/4


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void Start (){

score = 0;UpdateScore ();StartCoroutine (SpawnWaves ());

}public void AddScore (int newScoreValue){

score += newScoreValue;UpdateScore ();

}void UpdateScore (){

scoreText.text = "Score: " + score;}

...}



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public GameObject explosion;public GameObject playerExplosion;public int scoreValue;private GameObject gameController;void Start (){

gameController = GameObject.Find ("Game Controller");}


...Destroy(other.gameObject);Destroy(gameObject);gameController.GetComponent<GameController> ().AddScore (scoreValue);

}}



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將Asteroid預製物件之Score Value設定為10

拖曳Score Text物件到Game Controller物件之Score Text欄

執行測試，每擊破⼀個隕石增加10分



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選單命令GameObject> Create Empty，更名為Display Text

重置Transform

選單命令GameObject> Create Empty，更名為Restart Text

重置Transform

Position (X, Y, Z) = (1, 1, 0)


Anchor = Upper right

Alignment = Right

Pixel Offset (X, Y) = (-10, -10)

結束遊戲作業 1/7


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選單命令GameObject> Create Empty，更名為Gameover Text

重置Transform

Position (X, Y, Z) = (0.5, 0.6, 0)


Anchor = Middle center

Alignment = Center

Pixel Offset (X, Y) = (0, 0)

將Score Text物件、Restart Text物件及Gameover Text物件拖曳到Display Text下成為子物件



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編輯GameController程式腳本using UnityEngine.SceneManagement;public class GameController : MonoBehaviour {

...private int score;public GUIText scoreText;public GUIText restartText;public GUIText gameOverText;private bool gameOver;private bool restart;

void Start (){

gameOver = false;restart = false;restartText.text = "";gameOverText.text = "";score = 0;...

}



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IEnumerator SpawnWaves (){

...yield return new WaitForSeconds (waveWait);if (gameOver){

restartText.text = "Press 'R' for Restart";restart = true;break;

}}

}

void UpdateScore (){

scoreText.text = "Score: " + score;}



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void Update (){

if (restart){

if (Input.GetKeyDown (KeyCode.R)){

SceneManager.LoadScene ("Main");}

}}

public void GameOver (){

gameOverText.text = "Game Over!";gameOver = true;

}}



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...void OnTriggerEnter(Collider other){

...if (other.tag == "Player"){

Instantiate(playerExplosion,other.transform.position,other.transform.rotation);

gameController.GetComponent<GameController> ().GameOver();}...

}}



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拖曳Restart Text物件到Game Controller物件之Restart Text欄

拖曳Gameover Text物件到Game Controller物件之Game Over Text欄

執行測試，玩家戰機會顯示Game over!，等下⼀波隕石群時顯示Press 'R' for Restart，按下R鍵即可重玩



unity遊戲程式設計(15) 實作space shooter遊戲

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