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Use of Host Specific Fecal Indicator Bacteria Microbial Source Tracking to Iden�fy Contribu�ons to Bacterial Impairments in Tidal Creeks along the Grand Strand, SC J. Michael Trapp, Susan Libes, Amanda Sturgeon, and Erin J. Burge,

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Page 1: Use of Host Specific Fecal Indicator Bacteria Microbial ... Microbial Source Tracking to Iden fy ... all bacteria and Achaea Small changes in genes allow for iden fica on of hosts

Use  of  Host  Specific  Fecal  Indicator  Bacteria  Microbial  Source  Tracking  to  Iden�fy  Contribu�ons  to  Bacterial  

Impairments  in  Tidal  Creeks  along  the  Grand  Strand,  SC    

 

J.  Michael  Trapp,  Susan  Libes,    Amanda  Sturgeon,  and  Erin  J.  Burge,    

   

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Regional  Background  

  The  Grand  Strand    15  Million  Visitors  /  Year    Blackwater  River  Systems    Tidal  Creeks    #  303d  Impaired              Water  Bodies    

Regional  Background  

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Microbial  Source  Tracking    Pathogen  Contamina�on  – What  is  it?  – Where  is  it  coming  from?  – Who  is  making  it?  – When  is  it  occurring  – How  can  we  address  it?  

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Tiered  Approach    

Weight    of  Evidence  

Microbial  Source  Tracking  

Intensive  sampling  using  standard  FIB  measurements;  

Infrared  thermography  

Sanitary  Survey  

Iden�fica�on  of  impaired  areas  based  on  long-­‐term  monitoring  

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Tradi�onal  Culturing  Methods  

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EPA  Rapid  Methods    

  Quan�ta�ve  Polymerase  Chain  Reac�on      (qPCR)    

  16S  ribosomal  RNA  (16S  rRNA)  markers      Method  A  targets  Enterococcus    Method  B,  targets  Bacteroidales  

   

Page 9: Use of Host Specific Fecal Indicator Bacteria Microbial ... Microbial Source Tracking to Iden fy ... all bacteria and Achaea Small changes in genes allow for iden fica on of hosts

qPCR  in  Microbial  Source  Tracking  

  16S  rRNA  gene  found  in  nearly  all  bacteria  and  Achaea    Small  changes  in  genes  allow  for  iden�fica�on  of  hosts    qPCR  allows  for  quan�fica�on  of  specific  host  inputs    

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   PLANNING  ASSISTANCE  TO  STATES  PROJECT  

Stormwater  Management  Planning:  Development  of  a  Pilot  Inves�ga�ve  Approach  to  Remediate  Bacterial  Source  Impairments  

along  the  Grand  Strand      

Page 11: Use of Host Specific Fecal Indicator Bacteria Microbial ... Microbial Source Tracking to Iden fy ... all bacteria and Achaea Small changes in genes allow for iden fica on of hosts

Iden�fica�on  of  impaired  areas  based  on  long-­‐term  monitoring  

SC-­‐DHEC  Sampling  Sites  

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Iden�fica�on  of  impaired  areas  based  on  long-­‐term  monitoring  

h�p://bccmws.coastal.edu/enteroview/  

501  

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Murrells  Inlet    Several  of  the  �dal  creeks  have  chronically  high  FIBs.      Targeted  monitoring  being  conducted  by  volunteers.    High  FIBs  seem  to  be  everwhere.    High  fecal  coliform  concentra�ons  are  leading  to  shellfish  closures.  

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Sanitary  Survey  

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ArcGIS  Data  Visualiza�on  

Tools  

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Weight  of  Evidence  (FIBs)  

FIB  Rank  Order  Summary  

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Weight  of  Evidence  

WQ  Parameter  Rank  Order  Summary  

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Weight  of  Evidence  

  Dis�lla�on  of  data  by  site  to  qualita�ve              terms  for  management  adap�on  

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Summary  Findings  

Sources  have  been  iden�fied  as  likely  to  be  contribu�ng  to  the  high  and  widespread  levels  of  FIB,    – Pets  –  especially  dogs  – Sewer  line  breaks  and  private  sanitary  sewer  overflows  

– Homeless  – Other:  birds  (geese,  ducks  and  gulls),  horses,  raccoon,  and  deer.    

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Science  to  Management    Recommended  Remedia�on  Strategies  (Ac�on  Plans)  

-­‐Science  and  Regulatory  efforts  -­‐Outreach  Educa�on  -­‐Land  Use  Planning  

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Dog  Waste  Outreach  Campaign  

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 Where  is  the  need  for  research?    Missing  host  (need  for  more  host  assays)    Reliable  sources  of  standards      More  data  needed  to  interpret  results    False  nega�ves  or  posi�ves  (greater  valida�on  of  assays  and  individual  to  individual  variability)  

  Temporal  variability  in  the  host  source  signal      Other  sources  of  FIB  (sediments)  

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WildlifeHuman (BacHum)Dog (BacCan)Goose (CGO-1F)

“Universal  (GenBac)  

What  we  want  our    MST  data  to  be  

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What  our  MST  data  actually  are  

“Universal”    (GenBac)  

Human    (BacHum)  

Dog  (BacCan)  

Wildlife  

Goose  (CGO-­‐1F)  

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