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Otra experiencia de lectura y escritura del programa Red de Bibliotecas Públicas Comunitarias de la Secretaría de Cultura y Turismo de Cali Red de Bibliotecas Públicas Comunitarias ecretaría de Cultura y Turismo de Cali WX WX FXpQWDPH FXHQWR FXpQWDPH FXHQWR

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    Otra experiencia de lectura y escritura del programa Red de Bibliotecas Pblicas Comunitarias

    de la Secretara de Cultura y Turismo de Cali

    pe e c a de ectu a y esc tu a deRed de Bibliotecas Pblicas Comunitarias ecretara de Cultura y Turismo de Cali

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    Otra experiencia de lectura y escritura del programa Red de Bibliotecas Pblicas Comunitarias

    de la Secretara de Cultura y Turismo de Cali

    pe e c a de ectu a y esc tu a deRed de Bibliotecas Pblicas Comunitarias ecretara de Cultura y Turismo de Cali

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    1

    2

    3

    4

    5

    6

    7

    8

    Blanca Nieves

    El lobo y los siete cabritos

    Hansell y Gretell

    Ricitos de oro

    Caperucita roja

    Los tres cerditos

    El patito feo

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