Bell Work 3-1-17

• Write NOTES on your stamp sheet

• Agenda:

– A LOT OF NOTES! 17.2, 17.3, 17.4

– NOTEBOOK QUIZ TOMORROW!!

– Homework:

• Finish notes from website…..quiz is tomorrow

· The Soviets retreated as

the Germans advanced on

Moscow, burning crops

and farm equipment as

they went in order to keep

them out of German

hands.

A Time of Peril

Germany:

· Germany had conquered

most of Europe and

invaded the Soviet Union

in 1941.

• During the German siege of Leningrad, over one million Soviets were killed.

Japan:

• After

attacking

Pearl Harbor,

the Japanese

seized Guam,

Wake Island,

Hong Kong,

Malaya,

Burma and

the Dutch

East Indies.

• The Japanese also defeated American and Filipino forces, led

by U.S. General Douglas MacArthur, in the Philippines.

The Tide Turns

• The Allies enjoyed victories in the Pacific, North Africa, Italy

and Russia.

• In Italy, Mussolini had been overthrown and the new

government joined the Allies.

April 29, 1945

Mussolini and

15 other fascist

leaders are

executed and

hanged at an

Esso gas

station in the

Piazzale Loreto

in Milan.

• In 1943, the Allies invaded Italy from North Africa,

eventually liberating Rome from Nazi control in June of 1944.

Allied

advance in

El Guettar,

Tunisia,

North

Africa,

3/21/43.

Opening a Second Front

Help!! Attack

the Nazis on

the Western

Front, quick!

• In order to ease

pressure on the

Soviet Union,

Joseph Stalin

asked the Allies to

open a second

front by crossing

the English

Channel and

attacking the

Germans in

France.

1. The planned invasion of Europe was called OperationOverlord, and General Eisenhower was named commander of the Allied forces in Europe.

Alright,

but you’d

better

appreciate

this!

General Eisenhower gives the order of the day "Full victory

- Nothing else" to paratroopers in England just before they

board airplanes in the first D-Day assault.

2. Eisenhower had to organize the eventual invasion of Normandy France, known as D-Day, which involved over 3 million Allied forces. (D-Day animation)

When? – June 1942

Where? – Midway

Island (Pacific

Islands)

Results? - The U.S.

sank four Japanese

aircraft carriers.

Importance? – It

limited Japan's ability

to attack Allied

positions.

World War II: Major Battles (1942 – 1944)

Battle of Midway Island:

Campaign for Guadalcanal:

• When? – August 1942

• Where? Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands (Pacific Islands)

• Results? – The U.S. defeated the Japanese, gaining control of the island.

• Importance? – Guadalcanal became a military base from which to counterattack the Japanese.

Video – Dogfight over Guadalcanal

Battle of El Alamein:

• When? – October 1942

• Where? - El Alamein, Egypt

• Results? – British and U.S. forces drove the German army, led by General Rommel, from Egypt west into Tunisia.

• Importance? – U.S. Gen. Eisenhower led the Allies in an invasion of Tunisia, from Algeria, forcing Rommel to surrender in May of 1943.

D-Day:

• When? – June 6, 1944

• Where? – Normandy, France

• Results? – A fleet of 4,000 ships carried Allied troops to

Normandy in order to invade France in an attempt to

defeat the Germans.

• Importance? – On August 25, 1944, Allied forces

liberated Paris from Nazi rule.

D-Day Animation

Battle of the Bulge:

• When? – December 16, 1944

• Where? – border areas near Luxembourg, France and Germany

• Results? – The Germans began a counterattack against the Allies as the Allies attempted to drive the Germans completely out of France.

• Importance? – This battle showed the desperation of the German forces. While the Germans were able to slow down the Allied advance, they could not stop it completely.

Shootout! The Game Trailer: Battle of the Bulge

Chapter 17 Sec. 3

Objective: To examine the events leading to the end of

the war.

Election of 1944

1. FDR won an

unprecedented fourth

term in office in 1944.

2. However, in April of

1945, FDR died, VP

Harry Truman to

assumes the Presidency.

Victory in Europe

1. By Apr. of 1945,

American and Soviet

troops were closing in on

Berlin.

The endless procession of

German prisoners

marching through the

ruined city streets to

captivity.

2. A. Hitler committed

suicide on Apr. 30, and

Germany officially

surrendered on May 7.

3. On May 8,

the Allies

celebrated V-E

Day (Victory

in Europe).

Churchill

waves to

crowds in

Britain after

broadcasting to

the nation that

the war with

Germany had

been won, 8

May 1945.

Island Hopping in the Pacific

2. The U.S. began a policy of

island hopping, using islands

as stepping-stones towards

Japan.

Video: Island Hopping - The U.S. invasion of the Tarawa

Atoll. (5:52)

1. The two main goals of the

U.S. in the Pacific were:

I. to regain the Philippines.

II. to invade Japan.

3. By February of 1945, the U.S. had recaptured the

Philippines and captured the islands of Iwo Jima and Okinawa.

Raising the

Flag on Iwo

Jima depicts

five United

States

Marines and

a U.S. Navy

corpsman

raising the

flag of the

United States

atop Mount

Suribachi

during the

Battle of Iwo

Jima.

4. The Japanese continued to fight, oftentimes using kamikaze

attacks against U.S. ships.

The Yokosuka D4Y3 dive bomber piloted by Yoshinori

Yamaguchi strikes the USS Essex, November 25, 1944.Yoshinori Yamaguchi's plane explodes in a ball of fire.

Defeat of Japan

1. The U.S. planned to invade Japan in 1945, though experts

warned that the invasion could cost over a million casualties.

Stalin, Truman and Churchill at the

Potsdam Conference.

2. Pres. Truman

sent the Japanese

the Potsdam

Declaration,

warning them to

surrender or face

“prompt and utter

destruction.”

The first atomic bomb ever made was a uranium-enriched

bomb. It was dropped on the city of Hiroshima, Japan, on

August 6, 1945.

3. Unaware of the atomic bombs, the Japanese ignored the

Potsdam Declaration.

Paul Tibbets, pilot of the Enola Gay, which dropped an

atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan, on August 6, 1945.

4. On August 6, 1945, the U.S. dropped an atomic bomb on

Hiroshima, Japan, killing at least 70,000 people and

destroying most of the city.

5. On August 9, the U.S. dropped another atomic bomb on the

city of Nagasaki, killing at least 40,000 people.

Mushroom cloud from the

nuclear explosion over

Nagasaki rising 60,000

feet into the air on the

morning of August 9 1945

6. On August 14, Japan

officially surrendered

ending World War II.

This date became known

as V-J Day (Victory

over Japan).

For millions of

Americans, Alfred

Eisenstaedt's 1945

LIFE photograph of a

sailor stamping a

masterly kiss on a

nurse symbolized the

cathartic joy of V-J

Day.

17.4

Opportunity and Adjustment1. At end of war nation emerged as world’s

economic & military power.

2. Unemployment was at 1.2%

3. Wages were higher than ever.

4. Marriage rate increased dramatically.

5. GI Bill of Rights:

1. College tuition assistance

2. Job training

3. Loans for houses

Discrimination and Reaction1. CORE (Congress of Racial Equality)- org. to confront

urban segregation in the North

2. Thousands of African-Americans moved into northern

cities during the war causing increased tensions.

3. “Zoot Suit Riots”- anti-Mexican riots in Los Angeles

4. Executive Order 9066- Japanese internment

5. Korematsu v. United States- argued military necessity

made internment constitutional (example of racism)